LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES | 4. LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES A summary of the balances of loans follows: December 31, December 31, 2024 2023 (in thousands) Commercial: Commercial real estate $ 2,280,309 $ 2,343,675 Commercial construction 252,691 208,443 Commercial and industrial 594,453 466,443 Total commercial loans 3,127,453 3,018,561 Residential real estate: One- to four-family 1,506,571 1,513,554 Second mortgages and equity lines of credit 189,598 177,135 Residential real estate construction 11,307 18,132 Total residential real estate loans 1,707,476 1,708,821 Consumer loans: Auto 8,550 13,603 Personal 8,940 8,433 Total consumer loans 17,490 22,036 Total loans before basis adjustment 4,852,419 4,749,418 Basis adjustment associated with fair value hedge (1) 80 893 Total loans 4,852,499 4,750,311 Allowance for credit losses on loans (56,101) (47,972) Loans, net $ 4,796,398 $ 4,702,339 (1) Note 10 - Derivatives The net unamortized deferred loan origination fees and costs included in total loans and leases were $8.8 million and $8.5 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company has transferred a portion of its originated commercial loans to participating lenders. The amounts transferred have been accounted for as sales and are therefore not included in the Company’s accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company and participating lenders share ratably in cash flows and any gains or losses that may result from a borrower’s lack of compliance with contractual terms of the loan. The Company continues to service the loans on behalf of the participating lenders and, as such, collects cash payments from the borrowers, remits payments to participating lenders and disburses required escrow funds to relevant parties. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company was servicing loans for participants in the aggregate amount of $431.4 million and $413.0 million, respectively. The following table presents the activity in the ACL on loans for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022: Second Mortgages Commercial and Residential Commercial Commercial and One-to-Four- Equity Lines Real Estate Real Estate Construction Industrial Family Credit Construction Consumer Unallocated Total (in thousands) Balance at December 31, 2021 $ 33,242 $ 2,010 $ 4,638 $ 3,631 $ 420 $ 69 $ 367 $ 1,000 $ 45,377 Adoption of Topic 326 (10,194) 1,698 2,288 5,198 391 185 123 (1,000) (1,311) Charge-offs (4,964) - (253) - - - (76) - (5,293) Recoveries 38 - 1,563 2 117 - 79 - 1,799 Provision 2,235 937 (1,000) 2,701 (4) 26 (231) - 4,664 Balance at December 31, 2022 $ 20,357 $ 4,645 $ 7,236 $ 11,532 $ 924 $ 280 $ 262 $ - $ 45,236 Charge-offs (4,171) - (166) - - - (89) - (4,426) Recoveries 4 - 309 1 88 - 71 - 473 Provision 5,098 179 728 568 (48) 138 26 - 6,689 Balance at December 31, 2023 $ 21,288 $ 4,824 $ 8,107 $ 12,101 $ 964 $ 418 $ 270 $ - $ 47,972 Charge-offs - - (628) - - - (154) - (782) Recoveries 103 40 59 2 7 - 11 - 222 Provision 9,373 (607) 3,162 (3,383) 377 (232) (1) - 8,689 Balance at December 31, 2024 $ 30,764 $ 4,257 $ 10,700 $ 8,720 $ 1,348 $ 186 $ 126 $ - $ 56,101 Individually analyzed loans include non-accrual loans and certain other loans based on the underlying risk characteristics and the discretion of Management to individually analyze such loans. As of December 31, 2024, the carrying value of individually analyzed loans amounted to $87.2 million, with a related allowance of $7.8 million and $67.2 million were considered collateral-dependent. As of December 31, 2023, the carrying value of individually analyzed loans amounted to $17.5 million, with a related allowance of $108,000, and $17.3 million were considered collateral-dependent. For collateral-dependent loans where Management has determined that foreclosure of the collateral is probable, or where the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment of the loan is to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral, the ACL is measured based on the difference between the fair value of the collateral and the amortized cost basis of the loan as of the measurement date. The following table presents the carrying value of collateral-dependent individually analyzed loans as of December 31, 2024 and 2023: December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 Related Related Carrying Value Allowance Carrying Value Allowance (in thousands) Commercial: Commercial real estate $ 44,983 $ 5,426 $ 7,416 $ 5 Commercial and industrial 11,935 560 1,793 101 Commercial construction - - - - Total Commercial 56,918 5,986 9,209 106 Residential real estate 10,321 - 8,054 - Total $ 67,239 $ 5,986 $ 17,263 $ 106 The following is a summary of past due and non-accrual loans at December 31, 2024 and 2023: 90 Days 30-59 Days 60-89 Days or More Total Loans on Past Due Past Due Past Due Past Due Non-accrual (in thousands) December 31, 2024 Commercial real estate $ 3,803 $ 40 $ - $ 3,843 $ 16,836 Commercial construction - - - - - Commercial and industrial 8,273 684 1,269 10,226 2,204 Residential real estate: One- to four-family 8,589 7,014 6,670 22,273 9,545 Construction - - - - - Second mortgages and equity lines of credit 466 312 183 961 864 Consumer: Auto 52 10 - 62 - Personal 42 16 4 62 14 Total $ 21,225 $ 8,076 $ 8,126 $ 37,427 $ 29,463 December 31, 2023 Commercial real estate $ - $ - $ 5,751 $ 5,751 $ 7,416 Commercial construction - - - - - Commercial and industrial 247 166 1,332 1,745 1,791 Residential real estate: One- to four-family 4,704 2,413 4,418 11,535 7,785 Second mortgages and equity lines of credit 164 130 57 351 473 Consumer: Auto 96 69 4 169 4 Personal 16 5 31 52 44 Total $ 5,227 $ 2,783 $ 11,593 $ 19,603 $ 17,513 At December 31, 2024 and 2023, there were no loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, there were no foreclosed assets. Repossessed assets were automobiles with a total recorded value of $10,000 and $69,000, respectively. All foreclosed and repossessed assets are held for sale. Residential mortgage loans in the process of foreclosure totaled $4.0 million and $2.1 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and are reported in loans. Loan Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty The Bank will modify the contractual terms of loans to a borrower experiencing financial difficulties as a way to mitigate loss and to comply with regulations regarding bankruptcy and discharge situations. Modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty may include interest rate reductions, principal or interest forgiveness, forbearances, term extensions, and other actions intended to minimize economic loss and to avoid foreclosure or repossession of collateral. The following table presents the amortized cost basis of loans at December 31, 2024 that were both experiencing financial difficulty and modified during the year ended December 31, 2024, by class and by type of modification. The percentage of the amortized cost basis of loans that were modified to borrowers in financial distress as compared to the amortized cost basis of each class of financing receivable is also presented below: Year Ended December 31, 2024 Combination Term Total Class Term Interest Rate Extension Interest Rate of Financing Extension Reduction Reduction Receivable (in thousands) Commercial real estate $ - $ 15,277 $ - 0.67 % Commercial and industrial 52 - - 0.01 % Residential real estate - - 106 0.01 % Total $ 52 $ 15,277 $ 106 The financial effect of the modifications to loans in the commercial real estate category was a reduced weighted-average contractual rate from 5.6% to 4%, and the financial effect of the modification to the loan in the commercial and industrial category was an additional 7.7 years to the life of the loan. The financial effect of the modification in the residential real estate category was a reduction in the contractual rate from 5.25% to 3.50% and an additional 31 years to the life of the loan. There were no material loan modifications based on borrower financial difficulty during the year ended December 31, 2023. The Company closely monitors the performance of loans that are modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty to understand the effectiveness of its modification efforts. As of December 31, 2024, modified loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty had a current payment status. During the year ended December 31, 2024, there were no loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that had a payment default and were modified in the twelve months prior to that default. Default is determined at 90 or more days past due, upon charge-off, or upon foreclosure. Modified loans in default are individually evaluated for the allowance for credit losses or if the modified loan is deemed uncollectible, the loan, or a portion of the loan, is written off, and the allowance for credit losses is adjusted accordingly. Credit Quality Information Commercial real estate, commercial construction and commercial and industrial loans are rated using a ten-grade internal loan rating system: Loans rated 7 are considered “special mention.” These loans are starting to show signs of potential weakness and are being closely monitored by Management. Loans rated 8 are considered “substandard.” Generally, a loan is considered substandard if it is inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligors and/or the collateral pledged. There is a distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the weakness is not corrected. Loans rated 9 are considered “doubtful.” Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses, on the basis of currently existing facts, make the collection in full by payment or liquidation, highly questionable and improbable. Loans rated 10 are considered “uncollectible” (loss), and of such little value that their continuance as loans is not warranted. On an annual basis, or more often if needed, the Company formally reviews on a risk adjusted basis, the ratings on substantially all commercial real estate, construction and commercial and industrial loans. Semi-annually, the Company engages an independent third party to review a significant portion of loans within these segments. Management uses the results of these reviews as part of its annual review process. The credit quality of residential real estate, residential construction, and consumer installment portfolios is evaluated monthly primarily through the use of delinquency reports. Revolving Revolving Loans Loans Converted Term Loans at Amortized Cost by Origination Year Amortized to Term 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Cost Loans Total (in thousands) As of December 31, 2024 Commercial real estate Pass $ 82,833 $ 162,401 $ 743,173 $ 433,482 $ 190,543 $ 525,120 $ - $ - $ 2,137,552 Special mention - 6,872 39,614 7,539 12,077 12,149 - - 78,251 Substandard - 6,598 44,191 - - 13,717 - - 64,506 Doubtful - - - - - - - - - Total commercial real estate 82,833 175,871 826,978 441,021 202,620 550,986 - - 2,280,309 YTD gross charge-offs - - - - - - - - - Commercial and industrial Pass 80,926 78,767 72,636 82,638 63,043 93,493 104,897 - 576,400 Special mention 5 - 1,703 - - 1,279 2,783 - 5,770 Substandard - 178 2,874 3,844 - 3,841 260 - 10,997 Doubtful - - - - - 1,237 49 - 1,286 Total commercial and industrial 80,931 78,945 77,213 86,482 63,043 99,850 107,989 - 594,453 YTD gross charge-offs 69 26 303 122 74 34 - - 628 Commercial construction Pass 31,074 45,739 82,447 73,657 - - 1,972 - 234,889 Special mention - - 17,802 - - - - - 17,802 Substandard - - - - - - - - - Doubtful - - - - - - - - - Total commercial construction 31,074 45,739 100,249 73,657 - - 1,972 - 252,691 YTD gross charge-offs - - - - - - - - - Residential real estate Accrual 85,268 125,741 413,118 452,081 192,734 246,206 179,516 2,403 1,697,067 Non-accrual - - 469 673 113 8,572 577 5 10,409 Total residential real estate 85,268 125,741 413,587 452,754 192,847 254,778 180,093 2,408 1,707,476 YTD gross charge-offs - - - - - - - - - Consumer Accrual 7,134 4,040 3,186 1,113 279 720 1,004 - 17,476 Non-accrual 3 - 11 - - - - - 14 Total Consumer 7,137 4,040 3,197 1,113 279 720 1,004 - 17,490 YTD gross charge-offs - 63 35 25 10 21 - - 154 Total loans before basis adjustment $ 287,243 $ 430,336 $ 1,421,224 $ 1,055,027 $ 458,789 $ 906,334 $ 291,058 $ 2,408 $ 4,852,419 Total YTD gross charge-offs $ 69 $ 89 $ 338 $ 147 $ 84 $ 55 $ - $ - $ 782 The following table summarizes the Company’s loan portfolio by credit quality indicator and loan portfolio segment as of December 31, 2023: Revolving Revolving Loans Loans Converted Term Loans at Amortized Cost by Origination Year Amortized to Term 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Cost Loans Total (in thousands) As of December 31, 2023 Commercial real estate Pass $ 152,047 $ 828,335 $ 455,996 $ 234,585 $ 233,713 $ 405,103 $ - $ - $ 2,309,779 Special mention - 10,971 - 4,300 8,977 2,232 - - 26,480 Substandard - - - - - 1,670 - - 1,670 Doubtful - - - - - 5,746 - - 5,746 Total commercial real estate 152,047 839,306 455,996 238,885 242,690 414,751 - - 2,343,675 YTD gross charge-offs - - - - - 4,171 - - 4,171 Commercial and industrial Pass 73,240 52,190 94,570 70,565 22,988 75,493 74,125 - 463,171 Special mention - 454 4 23 2 948 50 - 1,481 Substandard - 52 8 - - 367 18 - 445 Doubtful - - - - - 1,297 49 - 1,346 Total commercial and industrial 73,240 52,696 94,582 70,588 22,990 78,105 74,242 - 466,443 YTD gross charge-offs 24 113 14 5 8 2 - - 166 Commercial construction Pass 35,181 109,291 60,113 843 - - 425 - 205,853 Special mention - 2,590 - - - - - - 2,590 Substandard - - - - - - - - - Doubtful - - - - - - - - - Total commercial construction 35,181 111,881 60,113 843 - - 425 - 208,443 YTD gross charge-offs - - - - - - - - - Residential real estate Accrual 138,541 434,421 480,010 202,118 38,675 239,185 166,144 1,469 1,700,563 Non-accrual - - - 127 956 6,959 216 - 8,258 Total residential real estate 138,541 434,421 480,010 202,245 39,631 246,144 166,360 1,469 1,708,821 YTD gross charge-offs - - - - - - - - - Consumer Accrual 8,218 5,366 2,254 1,021 3,135 963 1,031 - 21,988 Non-accrual 14 18 5 - 2 4 5 - 48 Total Consumer 8,232 5,384 2,259 1,021 3,137 967 1,036 - 22,036 YTD gross charge-offs 7 16 4 15 18 29 - - 89 Total loans before basis adjustment $ 407,241 $ 1,443,688 $ 1,092,960 $ 513,582 $ 308,448 $ 739,967 $ 242,063 $ 1,469 $ 4,749,418 Total YTD gross charge-offs $ 31 $ 129 $ 18 $ 20 $ 26 $ 4,202 $ - $ - $ 4,426 |