| Nature of Operations, Principles of Consolidation, Use of Estimates and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Note 1 - Nature of Operations, Principles of Consolidation, Use of Estimates and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies -
Nature of Operations
Eureka Homestead Bancorp, Inc. (the “Company”) (OTC Pink Marketplace – ERKH) was formed to serve as the stock holding company for Eureka Homestead (the “Bank”) upon completion of its mutual-to-stock conversion. The conversion was effective July 9, 2019. In connection with the conversion, the Company sold 1,429,676 shares of its common stock, including 114,374 shares purchased by the Bank’s employee stock ownership plan, at a price of $10.00 per share.
Unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, references in these financial statements to “we, “us”, “our”, “Company” and “Bank” refer collectively to Eureka Homestead Bancorp, Inc. and Eureka Homestead on a consolidated basis or to any of those entities, depending on the context.
The Bank is a federal stock savings association subject to regulation by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. The Company conducts lending and deposit-taking activities from two locations in the New Orleans, Louisiana area. The Company provides service to customers in the New Orleans and surrounding areas. The accounting and reporting policies of the Company are in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and conform to general practices within the industry.
The Company’s loan portfolio consists mainly of loans to homeowners; however, the Company's loan portfolio does include loans secured by non-residential real estate. The majority of loans are secured by first mortgages on area real estate and are expected to be repaid from the cash flow of the borrower. Some of the activities upon which the economy of the New Orleans area is dependent include the petrochemical industry, the port of New Orleans and economic activity along that region of the Mississippi River, healthcare and tourism. Significant declines in these activities and the general economic conditions in the Company's market areas could affect the borrower’s ability to repay loans and cause a decline in value of the assets securing the loan portfolio.
The Company’s operations are subject to customary business risks associated with activities of a financial institution. Some of those risks include competition from other institutions and changes in local or national economic conditions, interest rates and regulatory requirements.
Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 include the Company and the Bank, together referred to as the Company. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term relate to the determination of the allowance for losses on loans, the valuation of other real estate acquired, the valuation of deferred tax assets, other than temporary impairments of securities and the fair value of financial instruments.
The determination of the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses is based on estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant changes in the economic environment and market conditions. In connection with the determination of the estimated losses on loans, management obtains independent appraisals for significant collateral.
While management uses available information to recognize losses on loans, further reductions in the carrying amounts of loans may be necessary based on changes in local economic conditions. In addition, regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review the estimated losses on loans. Such agencies may have judgments different than management’s and we may determine to adjust our allowance as a result of these regulatory reviews. Because of these factors, it is reasonably possible that the estimated losses on loans may change in the near term. However, the amount of the change that is reasonably possible cannot be estimated.
Investment Securities
Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification (“FASB ASC”) 320, Investments, requires the classification of securities as trading, available-for-sale, or held-to-maturity. Management determines the appropriate classification of debt securities at the time of purchase and re-evaluates this classification periodically.
Securities classified as available-for-sale are equity securities with readily determinable fair values and those debt securities that the Company intends to hold for an indefinite period of time but not necessarily to maturity. Any decision to sell a security classified as available-for-sale would be based on various factors, including significant movement in interest rates, changes in the maturity mix of the Company’s assets and liabilities, liquidity needs, regulatory capital considerations, and other similar factors. These securities are carried at estimated fair value based on information provided by a third party pricing service with any unrealized gains or losses excluded from net income and reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), which is reported as a separate component of equity, net of the related deferred tax effect.
Investment securities and mortgage-backed securities that the Company has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity are classified as held-to-maturity and reported at amortized cost.
Investment securities and mortgage-backed securities that are bought and held by the Company primarily for the purpose of selling them in the near future are classified as trading securities and reported at fair value. Unrealized gains and losses are included in earnings.
Premiums and discounts are amortized or accreted over the life of the related security, adjusted for anticipated prepayments, as an adjustment to yield using the effective interest method. Mortgage-backed securities are subject to prepayment and, accordingly, actual maturities could differ from contractual maturities. Interest income is recognized when earned. Gains and losses from the sale of securities are included in earnings when realized and are determined using the specific identification method for determining the cost of securities sold.
Declines in the fair value of individual investment securities below their cost that are other than temporary result in write-downs of the individual securities to their fair value. The written down amount then becomes the security’s new cost basis. The related write-downs are included in earnings as realized losses. In estimating other-than-temporary impairment losses, management considers (1) the length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been less than cost, (2) the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, and (3) the intent and ability of the Company to retain its investment in the issuer for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value.
Loans Receivable
The Company grants real estate mortgage and consumer loans to customers. Loans that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or pay-off are reported at their outstanding unpaid principal balances adjusted for unearned income, the allowance for loan losses, and any unamortized deferred fees or costs on originated loans, and premiums or discounts on purchased loans. When principal or interest is delinquent for 90 days or more, the Company evaluates the loan for nonaccrual status.
Uncollectible interest on loans that are contractually past due is charged-off, or an allowance is established based on management's periodic evaluation. Past due status is based on contractual terms of the loan. In all cases, loans are placed on nonaccrual status or charged off at an earlier date if collection of principal or interest is considered doubtful. The allowance is established by a charge to interest income equal to all interest previously accrued, and income is subsequently recognized only to the extent that cash payments are received until, in management's judgment, the borrower has the ability to make timely periodic interest and principal payments, in which case the loan is returned to accrual status.
Loan fees and certain direct loan origination costs are deferred and the net fee or cost is recognized as an adjustment to interest income using the interest method over the contractual life of the loans, adjusted for actual prepayments. Amortization of net deferred fees or costs is discontinued for the loans that are deemed to be non-performing. Additionally, the unamortized net fees or costs are recognized in income when loans are paid-off.
Loans Held-for-Sale
Mortgage loans originated and intended for sale in the secondary market are carried at the lower of cost or fair value. For these loans, gains and losses on loan sales are recorded in noninterest income, and direct loan origination costs and fees are deferred at origination of the loan and are recognized in noninterest income upon sale of the loan.
Impaired Loans
A loan is considered impaired, in accordance with the impairment accounting guidance of FASB ASC 310-10-35-16, Receivables , when based on current information and events it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal and interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value, and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower's prior payment record, and the amount of shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed. Impairment is measured on a loan by loan basis by either the present value of expected cash flows discounted at the loan's effective interest rate, the loan's obtainable market price, or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. Impaired loans are measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan's effective interest rate or, as a practical expedient, at the loan's observable market price of the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. The portion of increase in present value of the expected future cash flows of impaired loans that is attributable to the passage of time is reported as interest income. A change in the present value of the expected future cash flows related to impaired loans is reported as an increase or decrease in provision for loan losses.
Allowance for Loan Losses
The allowance for loan losses is maintained at a level which is considered to be adequate to reflect estimated credit losses associated with specifically identified loans, as well as estimated probable credit losses inherent in the remainder of the loan portfolio at the balance sheet date. The allowance for loan losses is determined based on consideration and assessment of the various credit risk characteristics of the loans that comprise the loan portfolio in accordance with FASB ASC 450, Contingencies, for pools of loans and FASB ASC 310, Receivables, for individually impaired loans.
Management evaluates the allowance for loan losses to assess the risk of loss in the loan portfolio and to determine the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses. For purposes of this evaluation, loans are aggregated into pools based on various characteristics. Some of those characteristics include payment status, concentrations, and loan to collateral value and the financial status of borrowers. The allowance allocated to each of these pools is based on historical charge-off rates, adjusted for changes in the credit risk characteristics within these pools, as determined from current information and analyses. In determining the appropriate level of the allowance, management also ensures that the overall allowance appropriately reflects current macroeconomic conditions, industry exposure and a margin for the imprecision inherent in most estimates of expected credit losses. In addition to these factors, management also considers the following for each segment of the loan portfolio when determining the allowance:
• Residential mortgages - This category consists of loans secured by first and junior liens on residential real estate. The performance of these loans may be adversely affected by unemployment rates, local residential real estate market conditions and the interest rate environment.
• Commercial real estate - This category consists of loans primarily secured by office buildings, and retail shopping facilities. The performance of commercial real estate loans may be adversely affected by conditions specific to the relevant industry, the real estate market for the property type and geographic region where the property or borrower is located.
• Construction and land - This category consists of loans to finance the ground-up construction and/or improvement of construction of residential and commercial properties and loans secured by land. The performance of construction and land loans is generally dependent upon the successful completion of improvements and/or land development for the end user, the sale of the property to a third party, or a secondary source of cash flow from the owners. The successful completion of planned improvements and development maybe adversely affected by changes in the estimated property value upon completion of construction, projected costs and other conditions leading to project delays.
• Multi-family residential - This category consists of loans secured by apartment or residential buildings with five or more units used to accommodate households on a temporary or permanent basis. The performance of multi-family loans is generally dependent on the receipt of rental income from the tenants who occupy the subject property. The occupancy rate of the subject property and the ability of the tenants to pay rent may be adversely affected by the location of the subject property and local economic conditions.
• Consumer - This category consists of loans to individuals for household, family and other personal use. The performance of these loans may be adversely affected by national and local economic conditions, unemployment rates and other factors affecting the borrower's income available to service the debt. All of our consumer loans are secured by our customers’ savings accounts and/or certificates of deposit.
As a result of the uncertainties inherent in the estimation process, management’s estimate of loan losses and the related allowance could change in the near term.
Based on management’s periodic evaluation of the allowance for loan losses, a provision for loan losses is charged to operations if additions to the allowance are required. Actual loan charge-offs are deducted from the allowance and subsequent recoveries of previously charged-off loans are added to the allowance.
Other Real Estate
Real estate properties acquired through, or in lieu of, foreclosure are held for sale and are initially recorded at fair value on the date of acquisition. Any write-downs at the time of acquisition are charged to the allowance for loan losses. Costs relating to development and improvement of property are capitalized, whereas costs relating to holding property are expensed. Other real estate was $0 and $0 at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and is included in prepaid expenses and other assets.
Subsequent to acquisition, valuations are periodically performed by management to report these assets at the lower of fair value less costs to sell or cost. Any adjustments resulting from these periodic re-evaluations of property are reflected in a valuation allowance and charged to income.
Premises and Equipment
Land is carried at cost. Buildings, leasehold improvements and furniture, fixtures and equipment are carried at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization, respectively. Depreciation and amortization are calculated on the straight-line basis and accelerated methods over the estimated useful lives of the assets which range from 3 to 39 years. Expenditures for improvements, which extend the life of an asset, are capitalized and depreciated over the asset’s remaining useful life. Gains or losses realized on the disposition of properties and equipment are reflected in the statements of (loss) income. Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are charged to operating expenses as incurred.
Life Insurance
The Company purchased life insurance on certain employees and directors of the Company. Appreciation in value of the insurance policies is included in noninterest income.
Advertising
The Company follows the policy of charging the costs of advertising to expense as incurred. Advertising expense was approximately $17,000 and $27,000 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and is included in other non-interest expenses.
Income Taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with income tax guidance of FASB ASC 740, Income Taxes , and has adopted the recent accounting guidance related to accounting for uncertainty in income taxes, which sets forth a consistent framework to determine the appropriate level of tax reserves to maintain for uncertain tax positions.
The income tax guidance results in two components of income tax expense: current and deferred. Current income tax expense reflects taxes to be paid or refunded for the current period by applying the provisions of enacted tax law to the taxable income or excess deductions over revenues. The Company determines deferred income taxes using the liability (or balance sheet) method. Under this method, the net deferred tax asset or liability is based on the tax effects of the difference between the book and tax bases of assets and liabilities. Enacted changes in tax rates and laws are recognized in the period in which they occur.
Deferred income tax expense results from changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities between periods. Deferred tax assets are recognized if it is more likely than not, based on the technical merits, that the tax position will be realized or sustained upon examination. The term more likely than not means a likelihood of more than 50 percent; the terms examined and upon examination also include resolution of the related appeals or litigation processes, if any. A tax position that meets the more likely than not recognition threshold is initially and subsequently measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. The determination of whether or not a tax position has met the more likely than not recognition threshold considers the facts, circumstances, and information available at the reporting date and is subject to management's judgment. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on the weight of evidence available, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized.
The Company evaluates all significant tax positions as required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company does not believe that it has taken any positions that would require the recording of any additional tax liability nor does it believe that there are any unrealized tax benefits that would either increase or decrease within the next year.
With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to federal tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2015. Any interest and penalties assessed by income taxing authorities are not significant and are included in non-interest expense in these financial statements.
Comprehensive Income
The Company reports comprehensive income in accordance with the accounting guidance related to FASB ASC 220, Comprehensive Income . FASB ASC 220 establishes standards for reporting and presentation of comprehensive income and its components in a full set of financial statements. Comprehensive income consists of net income and other comprehensive income. Other comprehensive income includes net unrealized gains (losses) on securities and is presented, net of tax, in the statements of comprehensive income.
Statement of Cash Flows
For purposes of the statements of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, due from banks and deposits with the FHLB. The Company considers all highly liquid debt instruments with original maturities of three months or less (excluding interest-bearing deposits in banks) to be cash equivalents.
Reclassifications
Certain reclassifications may have been made to the 2018 financial statements to conform with the 2019 financial statement presentation. Such reclassifications had no effect on net income or retained earnings as previously reported.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Emerging Growth Company Status
The Company qualifies as an “emerging growth company” under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”). For as long as the Company is an emerging growth company, it may choose to take advantage of exemptions from various reporting requirements applicable to other public companies. An emerging growth company may elect to use the extended transition period to delay adoption of new or revised accounting pronouncements applicable to public companies until such pronouncements are made applicable to private companies, but must make such election when the company is first required to file a registration statement. The Company has elected to use the extended transition period described above and intends to maintain its emerging growth company status as allowed under the JOBS Act.
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers . The provisions of the update requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. The ASU replaced most existing revenue recognition guidance in U.S. GAAP. In March, 2016 the FASB issued ASU 2016-08, Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net) , which clarifies the guidance in determining revenue recognition as principal versus agent. In April 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-10, Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing , which provides guidance in accounting for immaterial performance obligations and shipping and handling. In May 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-12, Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients , which provides clarification on assessing the collectability criterion, presentation of sales taxes, measurement date for noncash consideration and completed contracts at transition. This ASU also provides a practical expedient for contract modifications. For an emerging growth company, the amendments in this update were effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. The amendments did not have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.
In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, Financial Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 825- 10), Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. The provisions of the update require equity investments to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income. However, an entity may choose to measure equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair values at cost minus impairment. The update also simplifies the impairment assessment of equity investments without readily determinable fair values by requiring a qualitative assessment to identify impairment. It also eliminates the requirement for public business entities to disclose the methods and significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value for financial instruments measured at amortized cost on the balance sheet. ASU No. 2016-01 requires public business entities to use the exit price notion when measuring the fair value of financial instruments for disclosure purposes. It also requires an entity to present separately in other comprehensive income the portion of the total change in the fair value of a liability resulting from a change in the instrument-specific credit risk when the entity has elected to measure the liability at fair value in accordance with the fair value option for financial instruments. The update requires separate presentation of financial assets and financial liabilities by category and form on the balance sheet or the accompanying notes to the financial statements. In addition, the update clarifies that an entity should evaluate the need for a valuation allowance on a deferred tax asset related to available-for-sale securities in combination with the entity’s other deferred tax assets. For an emerging growth company, the amendments in this update were effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), Conforming Amendments Related to Leases . This ASU amends the codification regarding leases in order to increase transparency and comparability. The ASU requires companies to recognize lease assets and liabilities on the statement of condition and disclose key information about leasing arrangements. A lessee would recognize a liability to make lease payments and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the leased asset for the lease term. For an emerging growth company, the amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021. The adoption of this ASU is not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.
In September 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments . The amendments introduce an impairment model that is based on expected credit losses (“ECL”), rather than incurred losses, to estimate credit losses on certain types of financial instruments (eg. loans and held to maturity securities), including certain off-balance sheet financial instruments (eg. commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit that are not unconditionally cancellable). The ECL should consider historical information, current information, and reasonable and supportable forecasts, including estimates of prepayments, over the contractual term. An entity must use judgment in determining the relevant information and estimation methods that are appropriate in its circumstances. Financial instruments with similar risk characteristics may be grouped together when estimating the ECL. The ASU also amends the current available for sale security impairment model for debt securities whereby credit losses relating to available for sale debt securities should be recorded through an allowance for credit losses. For an emerging growth company, the amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023. The amendments will be applied through a modified retrospective approach, resulting in a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is effective. The Company is currently planning for the implementation of this accounting standard. It is too early to assess the impact this ASU will have on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.
In August 2016, FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments . The amendments in this ASU clarify the proper classification for certain cash receipts and cash payments, including clarification on debt prepayment or debt extinguishment costs, settlement of zero-coupon debt instruments, contingent consideration payments made after a business combination, proceeds from the settlement of insurance claims, and proceeds from the settlement of corporate-owned life insurance policies, including bank-owned life insurance policies, among others. For an emerging growth company, the amendments in this update were effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. The amendment did not have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.
In June 2018, FASB issued ASU No. 2018-07, Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-based Payment . The amendments in this ASU expand the scope of Topic 718 to include share-based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from nonemployees. For an emerging growth company, the amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. The Company is currently assessing the amendment but does not anticipate it will have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.
In August 2018, FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement . The amendments in this ASU modify the disclosure requirements related to fair value. Certain provisions under ASU 2018-13 require prospective application, while other provisions require retrospective application to all period presented in the financial statements upon adoption. For an emerging growth company, the amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently assessing the amendment but does not anticipate it will have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. |
