Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) | 9 Months Ended | 12 Months Ended |
Sep. 30, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019 | Dec. 31, 2019 |
Basis of presentation | Basis of Presentation The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q S-X The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K 10-K | Basis of presentation The accompanying financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC. | |
Principles of consolidation | Principles of Consolidation The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiary. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. | | |
Emerging growth company | Emerging Growth Company The Company is an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act, as modified by the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”), and it may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the independent registered public accounting firm attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in its periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. Further, Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging | Emerging growth company The Company is an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act, as modified by the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”), and it may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the independent registered public accounting firm attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in its periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. Further, Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth | |
Use of estimates | Use of Estimates The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the Company’s management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Making estimates requires management to exercise significant judgment. It is at least reasonably possible that the estimate of the effect of a condition, situation or set of circumstances that existed at the date of the financial statements, which management considered in formulating its estimate, could change in the near term due to one or more future confirming events. Accordingly, the actual results could differ significantly from those estimates. | Use of estimates The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the Company’s management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Making estimates requires management to exercise significant judgment. It is at least reasonably possible that the estimate of the effect of a condition, situation or set of circumstances that existed at the date of the financial statements, which management considered in formulating its estimate, could change in the near term due to one or more future confirming events. Accordingly, the actual results could differ significantly from those estimates. | |
Cash and cash equivalents | Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers all short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. The Company did not have any cash equivalents as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. | Cash and cash equivalents The Company considers all short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. The Company did not have any cash equivalents as of December 31, 2019. | |
Marketable securities held in trust account | Marketable Securities Held in Trust Account At September 30, 2020, substantially all of the assets held in the Trust Account were held in money market funds, which are invested in U.S. Treasury securities. At December 31, 2019, substantially all of the assets held in the Trust Account were held in U.S. Treasury Bills. Through September 30, 2020, the Company has withdrawn $520,032 of interest earned on the Trust Account to pay for its franchise and income tax obligations. | Marketable securities held in Trust Account At December 31, 2019, substantially all of the assets held in the Trust Account were held in U.S. Treasury Bills. | |
Common stock subject to possible redemption | Common Stock Subject to Possible Redemption The Company accounts for its common stock subject to possible redemption in accordance with the guidance in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 480 “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity.” Common stock subject to mandatory redemption is classified as a liability instrument and is measured at fair value. Conditionally redeemable common stock (including common stock that features redemption rights that are either within the control of the holder or subject to redemption upon the occurrence of uncertain events not solely within the Company’s control) is classified as temporary equity. At all other times, common stock is classified as stockholders’ equity. The Company’s common stock features certain redemption rights that are considered to be outside of the Company’s control and subject to occurrence of uncertain future events. Accordingly, common stock subject to possible redemption is presented at redemption value as temporary equity, outside of the stockholders’ equity section of the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. | Common stock subject to possible redemption The Company accounts for its common stock subject to possible redemption in accordance with the guidance in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 480 “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity.” Common stock subject to mandatory redemption is classified as a liability instrument and is measured at fair value. Conditionally redeemable common stock (including common stock that features redemption rights that are either within the control of the holder or subject to redemption upon the occurrence of uncertain events not solely within the Company’s control) is classified as temporary equity. At all other times, common stock is classified as stockholders’ equity. The Company’s common stock features certain redemption rights that are considered to be outside of the Company’s control and subject to occurrence of uncertain future events. Accordingly, common stock subject to possible redemption is presented at redemption value as temporary equity, outside of the stockholders’ equity section of the Company’s balance sheet. | |
Income taxes | Income Taxes The Company follows the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes under ASC 740, “Income Taxes.” Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statements carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that included the enactment date. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. ASC 740 prescribes a recognition threshold and a measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. For those benefits to be recognized, a tax position must be more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities. The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense. There were no unrecognized tax benefits and no amounts accrued for interest and penalties as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. The Company is currently not aware of any issues under review that could result in significant payments, accruals or material deviation from its position. The Company is subject to income tax examinations by major taxing authorities since inception. On March 27, 2020, President Trump signed the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security “CARES” Act into law. The CARES Act includes several significant business tax provisions that, among other things, would eliminate the taxable income limit for certain net operating losses (“NOL) and allow businesses to carry back NOLs arising in 2018, 2019 and 2020 to the five prior years, suspend the excess business loss rules, accelerate refunds of previously generated corporate alternative minimum tax credits, generally loosen the business interest limitation under IRC section 163(j) from 30 percent to 50 percent among other technical corrections included in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act tax provisions. | Income taxes The Company follows the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes under ASC 740, “Income Taxes.” Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statements carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that included the enactment date. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. ASC 740 prescribes a recognition threshold and a measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. For those benefits to be recognized, a tax position must be more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities. The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense. There were no unrecognized tax benefits and no amounts accrued for interest and penalties as of December 31, 2019. The Company is currently not aware of any issues under review that could result in significant payments, accruals or material deviation from its position. The Company is subject to income tax examinations by major taxing authorities since inception. | |
Net loss per common share | Net Loss Per Common Share Net loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. The Company applies the two-class | Net loss per common share Net loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. The Company applies the two-class method | |
Reconciliation of net loss per common share | Reconciliation of Net Loss per Common Share The Company’s net (loss) income is adjusted for the portion of income that is attributable to common stock subject to possible redemption, as these shares only participate in the earnings of the Trust Account and not the income or losses of the Company. Accordingly, basic and diluted loss per common share is calculated as follows: Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, For the Period from March 20, 2019 (Inception) Through September 30, 2020 2019 2020 2019 Net (loss) income $ (1,826,524 ) $ 665,511 $ (1,417,256 ) $ 664,827 Less: Income attributable to common stock subject to possible redemption — (708,312 ) (611,540 ) (708,312 ) Adjusted net loss $ (1,826,524 ) $ (42,801 ) $ (2,028,796 ) $ (43,485 ) Weighted average shares outstanding, basic and diluted 6,974,184 6,595,280 6,969,280 5,756,524 Basic and diluted net loss per common share $ (0.26 ) $ (0.01 ) $ (0.29 ) $ (0.01 ) | Reconciliation of net loss per common share The Company’s net income is adjusted for the portion of income that is attributable to common stock subject to possible redemption, as these shares only participate in the earnings of the Trust Account and not the income or losses of the Company. Accordingly, basic and diluted loss per common share is calculated as follows: For the Net income $ 1,206,018 Less: Income attributable to common stock subject to possible redemption (1,364,852 ) Adjusted net loss $ (158,834 ) Weighted average shares outstanding, basic and diluted 6,141,375 Basic and diluted net loss per share $ (0.03 ) | |
Concentration of credit risk | Concentration of Credit Risk Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist of cash accounts in a financial institution, which, at times may exceed the Federal Depository Insurance Coverage of $250,000. The Company has not experienced losses on these accounts and management believes the Company is not exposed to significant risks on such accounts. | Concentration of credit risk Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist of cash accounts in a financial institution, which, at times may exceed the Federal Depository Insurance Coverage of $250,000. The Company has not experienced losses on these accounts and management believes the Company is not exposed to significant risks on such accounts. | |
Fair value of financial instruments | Fair Value of Financial Instruments The fair value of the Company’s assets and liabilities, which qualify as financial instruments under ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures,” approximates the carrying amounts represented in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets, primarily due to their short-term nature. | Fair value of financial instruments The fair value of the Company’s assets and liabilities, which qualify as financial instruments under ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures,” approximates the carrying amounts represented in the accompanying balance sheet, primarily due to their short-term nature. | |
Recent accounting standards | Recent Accounting Standards Management does not believe that any recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting standards, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements. | Recent accounting pronouncements Management does not believe that any recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting pronouncements, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements. | |
XL Hybrids Inc [Member] | | | |
Principles of consolidation | Basis of condensed consolidated financial statement presentation: The accompanying consolidated balance sheet and related disclosures as of December 31, 2019 have been derived from the Company’s audited financial statements included elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus. The Company’s financial condition as of September 30, 2020, and operating results for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the financial conditions and results of operations that may be expected for any future interim period or for the year ended December 31, 2020. | | Basis of consolidated financial statement presentation: |
Emerging growth company | | | Emerging Growth Company: non-emerging |
Use of estimates | Use of estimates: | | Use of estimates: |
Cash and cash equivalents | | | Cash and cash equivalents: |
Income taxes | | | Income taxes: Income Taxes Uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return are accounted for using the more likely than not threshold for financial statement recognition and measurement. The determination as to whether the tax benefit will more likely than not be realized is based upon the technical merits of the tax position as well as consideration of the available facts and circumstances. For the years ended December 31, 2019, and 2018, there were no uncertain tax position taken or expected to be taken in the Company’s tax returns. In the normal course of business, the Company is subject to regular audits by U.S. federal and state and local tax authorities. With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to federal, state or local tax examinations by tax authorities in its major jurisdictions for tax years before 2016. The Company did not recognize any tax related interest or penalties in the accompanying consolidated financial statements, but would record any such interest and penalties as a component of the provision for income taxes. |
Net loss per common share | | | Net loss per share: two-class two-class two-class non-cumulative Basic net income (loss) per share attributable to common shareholders is computed by dividing net income (loss) (the numerator) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period (the denominator). Diluted net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders is computed by adjusting net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders to reallocate undistributed earnings based on the potential impact of dilutive securities, and by dividing the diluted net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares and potential common shares outstanding (if dilutive) during each period. For purposes of this calculation, potential dilutive common shares include unvested restricted stocks, convertible preferred shares, stock options, and warrants. The Company’s convertible Series D Preferred Stock contractually entitles the holders of such shares to participate in dividends but does not require the holders of such shares to participate in losses of the Company. In periods in which the Company reports a net loss attributable to common shareholders, diluted net loss per share attributable to common shareholders is the same as basic net loss per share attributable to common shareholders, since potentially dilutive common shares are considered to be anti-dilutive. |
Concentration of credit risk | Concentrations: Major Customers For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, two customers generated 60% and 9%, respectively, or 69% in the aggregate, of the Company’s revenue. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, two customers generated 56% and 10%, respectively, or 66% in aggregate, of the Company’s revenue. Two customers accounted for 69% and 13%, respectively, or 82% in the aggregate, of accounts receivable, net, as of September 30, 2020. These concentrations make the Company vulnerable to a near-term severe impact should these relationships be terminated. To limit such risks, the Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition. | | Concentration of Credit Risk: With respect to trade receivables, the Company routinely assesses the financial strength of its customers and, as a consequence, believes that the receivable credit risk exposure is limited. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, two customers accounted for approximately 64% and 46% of accounts receivable, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, two customers and one customer accounted for approximately 65% and 15% of revenues, respectively. |
Recent accounting standards | | | Recent accounting pronouncements issued and adopted: In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, Compensation—Stock Compensation (ASC 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting re-measured 2018-07 On January 1, 2018, the Company early adopted the guidance under the modified retrospective transition method. The adoption of the guidance did not have an impact on the Company’s financial statements. |
Business combinations | Business combinations: Business Combinations The Company uses the income approach to determine the fair value of developed technology acquired in a business combination. This approach determines fair value by estimating the after-tax after-tax know-how. Refer to Note 3 for discussion of the Company’s 2019 business combination. | | Business combinations: Business Combinations The Company uses the income approach to determine the fair value of developed technology acquired in a business combination. This approach determines fair value by estimating the after-tax after-tax know-how. Refer to Note 3 for discussion of the Company’s 2019 business combination. |
Recent accounting pronouncements issued, not yet adopted | Recent accounting pronouncements issued, not yet adopted: | | Recent accounting pronouncements issued, not yet adopted: In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses of Financial Instruments 2016-13 In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes 2019-12 |
Segment information | | | Segment information: |
Restricted cash | | | Restricted cash: |
Accounts receivable | | | Accounts receivable: |
Inventory | | | Inventory: written-off. |
Fair value measurements | | | Fair value measurements: Level 1: Level 2: Level 3: An asset’s or liability’s fair value measurement level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Valuation techniques used need to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are based on one or more of the following three valuation techniques noted in ASC 820: • Market approach: • Cost approach: • Income approach: The Company believes its valuation methods are appropriate and consistent with other market participants, however the use of different methodologies or assumptions to determine the fair value of certain financial instruments could result in a different fair value measurement at the reporting date. The Company’s financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued liabilities, contingent consideration liability, term loan and revolver debt, convertible notes payable derivative liability, and convertible notes payable. The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued expenses approximates fair value because of the short-term nature of those instruments. The fair value of the Company’s revolving line of credit and term loan are based on current lending rates for similar borrowings, assuming the debt is outstanding through maturity, and considering the collateral and as a result approximate their fair values. We estimate the fair value of our convertible notes payable using level two and level three inputs by discounting the future cash flows using current interest rates at which we could obtain similar borrowings in consideration of the estimated enterprise value of the Company. |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | | | Prepaid expenses and other current assets: |
Property and equipment, net | | | Property and equipment, net: Equipment 5 years Furniture and fixtures 5 years Computers and related equipment 3 years Software 3 years Vehicles 4 years Leasehold improvements Lesser of useful life of the asset Improvements are capitalized while replacements, maintenance and repairs, which do not improve or extend the lives of the respective assets, are expensed as incurred. When property and equipment is retired or otherwise disposed of, the related cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts, and any gain or loss on the disposition is recorded in the statement of operations as a component of other (expense) income, net. |
Intangible assets, net | | | Intangible assets, net: Fair Value Measurements |
Impairment of long-lived assets | | | Impairment of long-lived assets: 360-10, Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets |
Impairment of goodwill | | | Impairment of goodwill: The Company performs its annual goodwill impairment assessment at October 1 each fiscal year, or more frequently if events or circumstances arise which indicate that goodwill may be impaired. An assessment can be performed by first completing a qualitative assessment on the Company’s single reporting unit. The Company can also bypass the qualitative assessment in any period and proceed directly to the quantitative impairment test, and then resume the qualitative assessment in any subsequent period. Qualitative indicators that may trigger the need for annual or interim quantitative impairment testing include, among other things, deterioration in macroeconomic conditions, declining financial performance, deterioration in the operational environment, or an expectation of selling or disposing of a portion of the reporting unit. Additionally, a significant change in business climate, a loss of a significant customer, increased competition, a sustained decrease in share price, or a decrease in estimated fair value below book value may trigger the need for interim impairment testing of goodwill. If the Company believes that, as a result of its qualitative assessment, it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, the quantitative impairment test is required. The quantitative test involves comparing the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recorded as a reduction to goodwill with a corresponding charge to earnings in the period the goodwill is determined to be impaired. The income tax effect associated with an impairment of tax-deductible The Company determines the fair value of its reporting unit using a combination of the income approach (discounted cash flow method) and market approach (guideline transaction method and guideline public company method). Management weighs each of the methods applied to determine the fair value of its reporting unit. Under the discounted cash flow method, the Company determines fair value based on the estimated future cash flows for the reporting unit, discounted to present value using a risk-adjusted industry weighted-average cost of capital, which reflects the overall level of inherent risk and the rate of return an outside investor would expect to earn. Cash flow projections are derived from budgeted amounts (typically a one-year |
Revenue | | | Revenue: The Company’s revenue is primarily derived from the sales of hybrid electric powertrain equipment. The Company’s products are marketed and sold to end-user Revenue is recognized upon transfer of control to the customer, which occurs when the Company has a present right to payment, legal title has passed to the customer, the customer has the significant risks and rewards of ownership, and where acceptance is not a formality, the customer has accepted the product or service. In general, transfer of control is upon shipment of the equipment as the terms are FOB shipping point, or equivalent and the Company has no other promised goods or services in its contracts with customers. In limited instances, the Company provides installation services to end-user end-use The Company provides limited-assurance-type warranties for its equipment and work performed under its contracts. The warranty period typically extends for 3 years following transfer of control of the equipment. The warranties solely relate to correction of product defects during the warranty period, which is consistent with similar warranties by offered by competitors. Therefore, the Company has determined that this warranty is outside the scope of ASC 606 and will continue to be accounted for under ASC 460, Guarantees. When the Company’s contracts with customers contain multiple performance obligations, the contract transaction price is allocated on a relative standalone selling price (SSP) basis to each performance obligation. The Company determines standalone selling prices based on observable selling prices for the sale of kits. For extended warranties, the Company determines SSP based on expected cost plus margin. The Company establishes the margin based on review of market conditions and margins obtained by market participants for similar services. Any allocation of the transaction price required is determined at the contracts’ inception. The transaction price is the amount of consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring goods and services to the customer. Revenue is recorded based on the transaction price, which is solely made up of fixed consideration for its products and services. The Company does not adjust transaction price for the effects of a significant financing component when the period between the transfer of the promised good or service to the customer and payment for that good or service by the customer is expected to be one year or less. The Company has not identified any significant financing components to date. The Company’s sales direct to end-use non-cash end-use non-cash Payment terms on invoices are typically 30 days. The Company excludes from revenue any sales tax and other government-assessed and imposed taxes on revenue generating activities that are invoiced to customers. The Company has elected to apply the practical expedient to expense costs to obtain contracts, which principally relate to sales commissions, at the time the liability is incurred when the expected amortization period is one year or less. |
Warranties | | | Warranties: |
Share-based compensation | | | Share-based compensation: non-employee Stock Options The Company accounts for stock-based compensation related to these awards based on the fair value of the awards. The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the fair value of stock-based awards, and recognizes the compensation cost on a straight line basis over the requisite service period of the awards for employee, which is typically the four-year vesting period of the award, and effective contract period specified in the award agreement for non-employee. The fair value of common stock has been determined by the Board of Directors at each award grant date based upon a variety of factors, including the results obtained from independent third-party valuations, the Company’s financial position and historical financial performance, the current climate in the marketplace, the effect of the rights and preferences of the preferred stockholders and the prospects of a liquidity event, among others. The determination of the fair value of share-based payment awards utilizing the Black-Scholes model is affected by the stock price and a number of assumptions, including expected volatility, expected life, risk-free interest rate and expected dividends. The Company does not have a history of trading in its common stock as it is not a public company, and as such volatility is estimated using historical volatilities of comparable public entities. The expected life of the awards is estimated based on a simplified method, which uses the average of the vesting term and the original contractual term. The risk-free interest rate assumption is based on observed interest rates appropriate for the expected life of the awards. The dividend yield assumption is based on history and expectation of paying no dividends. Forfeitures are accounted for as they occur. The fair value of stock options issued for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 was measured with the following assumptions: 2019 2018 Expected volatility 70.0% 70.0% Expected term (in years) 6.1 - 10 6.1 -10 Risk-free interest rate 1.4 - 3.0% 2.3% - 2.9% Expected dividend yield 0.0% 0.0% |
Warrants | | | Warrants: Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity Derivatives and Hedging, |
Research and development expense | | | Research and development expense: |
Related parties | | | Related parties: |