Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Practices | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Practices Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation The accompanying consolidated financial statements are presented in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The consolidated financial statements include the accounts and operations of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated upon consolidation. Certain amounts, which are not material, in the prior years’ consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. Pursuant to the Business Combination, the merger between a subsidiary of DEAC and Old DK was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization in accordance with U.S. GAAP (the “Reverse Recapitalization”). Under this method of accounting, DEAC was treated as the “acquired” company for financial reporting purposes. Accordingly, for accounting purposes, the Reverse Recapitalization was treated as the equivalent of Old DK issuing stock for the net assets of DEAC, accompanied by a recapitalization. The net assets of DEAC are stated at historical cost, with no goodwill or other intangible assets recorded. The consolidated assets, liabilities and results of operations prior to the Reverse Recapitalization are those of Old DK. The shares and corresponding capital amounts and earnings per share available for common stockholders, prior to the Business Combination, have been retroactively restated as shares reflecting the exchange ratio established in the Business Combination. Further, Old DK was determined to be the accounting acquirer in the SBTech Acquisition, as such, the acquisition is considered a business combination under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”), Topic 805, Business Combinations , (“ASC 805”) and was accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting. DraftKings recorded the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed from SBTech. The presented financial information for the year ended December 31, 2020 includes the financial information and activities for SBTech for the period from April 24, 2020 to (and including) December 31, 2020. Prior to the second quarter of 2021, the Company (a) included changes in “cash reserved for users” as a component within the change in operating assets and liabilities on its condensed consolidated statement of cash flows as the Company historically viewed the change in cash reserved for users as offsetting the change in player liabilities and (b) presented “cash reserved for users” separate from cash and cash equivalents on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. Beginning with the second quarter of 2021, to reflect the Company's total cash position (“cash and cash equivalents” and “cash reserved for users”) and to conform to Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) — Restricted Cash , the Company revised its presentation to exclude changes in “cash reserved for users” from the “change in operating assets and liabilities” and instead present the total balance as a component of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash on its condensed consolidated statement of cash flows. This revision does not have a material impact on the Company's presentation of cash flows as the change in cash reserved for users will continue to be presented as a supplemental disclosure in the consolidated statement of cash flows. In addition, the Company will continue to present cash reserved for users as a separate line item on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet. These revisions have no impact on the Company’s previously reported consolidated statements of operations or consolidated balance sheets, including the Company’s cash and cash equivalents and cash reserved for user balances. Prior period amounts have been revised to conform to the current period presentation. The following table presents the consolidated statement of cash flows line items after giving effect to the revision of presentation as discussed above for 2020 and 2019. Year ended December 31, 2020 Year ended December 31, 2019 Reported Adjustments Revised Reported Adjustments Revised Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash flows used in operating activities: Change in operating assets and liabilities, net of effect of business combinations: Cash reserved for users $ (143,718) $ 143,718 $ — $ (32,302) $ 32,302 $ — Net cash flows used in operating activities (337,875) 143,718 (194,157) (78,880) 32,302 (46,578) Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash 1,740,725 143,718 1,884,443 (41,375) 32,302 (9,073) Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at the beginning of period 76,533 144,000 (a) 220,533 117,908 111,698 (b) 229,606 Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period $ 1,817,258 $ 287,718 $ 2,104,976 $ 76,533 $ 144,000 $ 220,533 (a) Represents the cash reserved for user balance as of December 31, 2019 as previously included in the Company's 2020 Annual Report filed with the SEC. (b) Represents the cash reserved for user balance as of December 31, 2018 as previously included in the Company's Form S-1 filed with the SEC on October 6, 2020. Comprehensive Loss Comprehensive loss consists of foreign currency translation adjustments related to the effect of foreign exchange on the value of our assets and liabilities denominated in Euros. The translation gain or loss is included in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss. Foreign Currency Our reporting currency is the U.S. dollar while the functional currency of the Company’s significant non-U.S. subsidiaries is the Euro. The financial statements of the Company’s significant non-U.S. subsidiaries are translated into United States dollars in accordance with ASC 830, Foreign Currency Matters , using period-end rates of exchange for assets and liabilities, and average rates of exchange for the period for revenues, costs and expenses and historical rates for equity. During 2021, 2020 and 2019, foreign currency transactions did not significantly impact net income. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates and assumptions reflected in the financial statements relate to and include, but are not limited to, the valuation and expensing of equity awards, accounting for contingencies and uncertainties, purchase price allocations, including fair value estimates of intangible assets, the estimated useful lives of fixed assets and intangible assets, internally developed software costs and accrued expenses. Going Concern Based on anticipated spend and cash received from the Business Combination, exercise of certain warrants, the June 2020 and October 2020 follow-on equity offerings, the issuance of convertible notes in March 2021 and the timing of expenditure assumptions, the Company currently expects that its cash will be sufficient to fund its operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements for at least 12 months after February 18, 2022. The Company has experienced operating losses and negative operating cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019. While certain geographies may experience improved cash flow, the Company expects to continue to incur annual operating losses and annual negative operating cash flow for the foreseeable future. Concentration Risks and Uncertainties Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of operating cash and cash equivalents and cash reserved for users. The Company maintains separate accounts for cash and cash reserved for users primarily across four financial institutions. Some amounts exceed federally insured limits with the majority of cash held in one financial institution. Management believes all financial institutions holding its cash are of high credit quality and does not believe the Company is subject to unusual credit risk beyond the normal credit risk associated with commercial banking relationships. The Company relies on a limited number of vendors to support operations. In particular, a single vendor is currently the primary provider of web services that allows the Company to host its sports betting, iGaming and daily fantasy sports offerings. Any interruption in the services provided by this supplier could have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition and results of operations. The Company's growth prospects and market potential will depend on its ability to obtain and maintain licenses to operate in a number of jurisdictions and if the Company fails to obtain and maintain such licenses its business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects could be impaired. Business Combinations The Company accounts for business combinations under the acquisition method of accounting, in accordance with ASC 805, which requires assets acquired and liabilities assumed to be recognized at their fair values as of the acquisition date. Any fair value of purchase consideration in excess of the fair value of the assets acquired less liabilities assumed is recorded as goodwill. The fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed are determined based upon the valuation of the acquired business and involve management making significant estimates and assumptions. Cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents consist of highly liquid, unrestricted savings, money market funds, checking and other bank accounts. Cash Reserved for Users The Company maintains separate bank accounts to segregate users’ funds from operational funds. In certain regulated jurisdictions, user funds are held by DK Player Reserve, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, which was organized for the purpose of protecting users’ funds in the event of creditor claims. Receivables Reserved for Users Receivables for user deposits not yet received are stated at the amount the Company expects to collect from a payment processor, which includes an allowance for credit losses if appropriate. These receivables arise, primarily, due to process timing between when a user deposits and when the Company receives that deposit from the payment processor. Receivables also arise due to the securitization policies of certain payment processors. The allowance for credit losses is determined based on the Company’s assessment of the probability of the non-payment of the receivable. This provision is netted against the receivable balance with the loss being recognized within general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations. The provision at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Accounts Receivables Accounts receivables are recorded at amortized cost, less any allowance for credit losses. The allowance for credit losses is determined based on the Company’s assessment of the probability of non-payment of the receivable. This provision is netted against the receivable balance with the loss being recognized within general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations. The provision at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Property and Equipment, Net Property and equipment are carried at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed utilizing the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the asset. Leasehold improvements depreciation is computed over the shorter of the lease term or estimated useful life of the asset. Additions and improvements are capitalized, while repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred. Useful lives of each asset class are generally as follows: Computer equipment and software 3 years Furniture and fixtures 7 years Leasehold improvements Lesser of the lease terms or the estimated useful lives of the improvements, generally 1–10 years Intangible Assets, Net The Company’s intangible assets consist of developed technology, customer relationships, internally-developed software, gaming licenses, trademarks and tradenames and digital assets. The related amortization expense is classified as cost of revenue in the consolidated statements of operations. Estimates and assumptions that we must make in estimating the fair value of future acquired technology, user lists and other identifiable intangible assets include future cash flows that we expect to generate from the acquired assets. Developed Technology Developed technology primarily relates to the design and development of sports betting and casino gaming software for online and retail sportsbook and casino gaming products acquired from SBTech and other acquisitions and recorded at fair value at the date of acquisition. Customer Relationships Customer (or “user”) relationships are finite-lived intangible assets which are amortized over their estimated economic lives. Customer relationships are generally recognized as the result of business combinations. Internally Developed Software Software that is developed for internal use is accounted for pursuant to ASC 350-40, Intangibles, Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software . Qualifying costs incurred to develop internal-use software are capitalized when (i) the preliminary project stage is completed, (ii) management has authorized further funding for the completion of the project and (iii) it is probable that the project will be completed and perform as intended. These capitalized costs include compensation for employees who develop internal-use software and external costs related to development of internal use software. Capitalization of these costs ceases once the project is substantially complete and the software is ready for its intended purpose. Internally developed software is amortized using the straight-line method over an estimated useful life. All other expenditures, including those incurred in order to maintain an intangible asset’s current level of performance, are expensed as incurred. Gaming Licenses The Company incurs fees in connection with applying for and maintaining good standing in jurisdictions via business licenses. Fees incurred in connection with the application and subsequent renewals are capitalized and amortized using the straight-line method over an estimated useful life. In certain arrangements, the Company enters into agreements to operate on a business partner’s license in exchange for upfront fees. These fees are capitalized and amortized over the shorter of their expected benefit under the partnership agreement or estimated useful life. Trademarks and Tradenames The Company incurs fees in connection with applying for and maintaining trademarks and tradenames as well as trademarks and tradenames resulting from acquisitions. Fees incurred in connection with the application and subsequent renewals are capitalized and amortized using the straight-line method over an estimated useful life. Digital Assets The Company has purchased certain digital assets, including crypto currencies, with cash that is not required to currently support its operations. The Company accounts for digital assets in accordance with ASC 350, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350). Accordingly, if the fair market value at any point during the reporting period is lower than the carrying value an impairment loss equal to the difference will be recognized in the consolidated statement of operations. If the fair market value at any point during the reporting period is higher than the carrying value the basis of the digital assets will not be adjusted to account for this increase. Gains on digital assets, if any, will be recognized upon sale or disposal of the assets. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets Long-lived assets, except for goodwill, consist of property and equipment and finite-lived acquired intangible assets, such as internal-use software, developed software, gaming licenses, trademarks, tradenames and customer relationships. Long-lived assets, except for goodwill, are tested for recoverability whenever events or changes in business circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be fully recoverable. Impairment expense is recognized to the extent an asset’s expected undiscounted future cash flows are less than the asset’s carrying amount. The Company determined that long-lived assets were not significantly impaired 2021, 2020 or 2019. Goodwill The Company’s business is classified into three reporting units: B2C, Media and B2B. In testing goodwill for impairment, the Company has the option to begin with a qualitative assessment, commonly referred to as “Step 0,” to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit containing goodwill is less than its carrying value. This qualitative assessment may include, but is not limited to, reviewing factors such as macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, cost factors, entity-specific financial performance and other events, such as changes in the Company’s management, strategy and primary user base. If the Company determines that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value, the Company performs a quantitative goodwill impairment analysis by comparing the carrying amount to the fair value of the reporting unit. If the carrying amount exceeds the fair value, goodwill will be written down to the fair value and recorded as impairment expense in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company performs its impairment testing annually and when circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying value. The Company performed its annual impairment assessment of goodwill as of October 1, 2021 and concluded that goodwill was not impaired. Equity Method Investment The Company has a 49.9% membership interest in DKFS, LLC, also known as DRIVE by DraftKings as of December 31, 2021. In addition, the Company has committed to invest up to $17.5 million into DBDK Venture Fund I, LP, a Delaware limited partnership and a subsidiary of DKFS LLC. As of December 31, 2021, the Company had invested a total of $3.5 million of the total commitment, which represents ownership of approximately 28.6% in the fund. The Company uses the equity method to account for investments in which the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies of the investee, but does not exercise control and is not the primary beneficiary. The Company’s judgment regarding its level of influence over the equity method investee includes considering key factors, such as ownership interest, representation on the board of directors, and participation in policy-making decisions. The Company’s carrying value in the equity method investee is reflected in the caption “Equity method investment” on the consolidated balance sheets. Changes in value of DKFS, LLC and DBDK Venture Fund I, LP are recorded in “(Gain) Loss from equity method investment” on the consolidated statements of operations. Under the equity method, the Company’s investment is initially measured at cost and subsequently increased or decreased to recognize the Company’s share of income and losses of the investee, capital contributions and distributions and impairment losses. The Company performs a qualitative assessment annually and recognizes an impairment if there are sufficient indicators that the fair value of the investment is less than carrying value. Leases The Company leases certain office spaces, equipment and vehicles and recognizes lease expense on a straight-line basis over the initial term of the lease unless external economic factors exist such that renewals are reasonably certain. In those instances, the renewal period would be included in the lease term to determine the period in which to recognize the lease expense. Leases for periods through December 31, 2019 were reported under ASC 840, Leases (Topic 840) (“ASC 840”), including the disclosure requirements. The Company recognizes rent expense on operating leases on a straight-line basis over the non-cancellable lease term. Operating leases with landlord-funded leasehold improvements are considered tenant allowances and are amortized as a reduction of rent expense over the non-cancellable lease term. Deferred rent liability, which is calculated as the difference between contractual lease payments and the rent expense, is recorded in accounts payable and accrued expenses and other long-term liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. The Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-2, Leases (Topic 842) (“ASU 2016-2”), using the alternative transition method provided in ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842) (“ASU 2018-11”): Targeted Improvements as of January 1, 2020 at December 31, 2020. Using the alternative transition method, the Company applied the transition requirements at the effective date of ASU 2016-2. The Company elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within the new lease standard. In addition, the Company has elected to apply the practical expedient to combine lease and related non-lease components, for all classes of underlying assets, and account for the combined contract as a lease component, as well as the election was made to apply the short-term lease recognition exemption. Warrant Liabilities As part of DEAC’s initial public offering on May 14, 2019, DEAC issued 13.3 million warrants where each whole warrant entitles the holder to purchase one share of Class A common stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per share (the “Public Warrants”). Simultaneously with the closing of the IPO, DEAC completed the private sale of 6.3 million warrants to DEAC’s sponsor at a purchase price of $1.50 per warrant (the “Private Warrants”). Each Private Warrant allows the sponsor to purchase one share of Class A common stock at $11.50 per share. The Private Warrants and the shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the Private Warrants are not transferable, assignable or salable until after the completion of a Business Combination, subject to certain limited exceptions. Additionally, the Private Warrants are exercisable for cash or on a cashless basis, at the holder’s option, and are non-redeemable so long as they are held by the initial purchasers or their permitted transferees. If the Private Warrants are held by someone other than the initial purchasers or their permitted transferees, the Private Warrants will be redeemable by the Company and exercisable by such holders on the same basis as the Public Warrant. The Company classified the Warrants pursuant to ASC 815 as derivative liabilities with subsequent changes in their respective fair values recognized in the consolidated statement of operations at each reporting date. Liabilities to Users The Company records liabilities for user account balances. User account balances consist of user deposits, most promotional awards and user winnings less user withdrawals, tax withholdings and user losses. Cash reserved for users and receivables reserved for users equal or exceed the Company’s liabilities to users at all times. Loss Contingencies The Company’s loss contingencies, which are included within other long-term liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets, are uncertain by nature and their estimation requires significant management judgment as to the probability of loss and estimation of the amount of such loss. These contingencies include, but may not be limited to, indirect taxes, regulatory investigations and proceedings and management’s evaluation of complex laws and regulations, and the extent to which they may apply to our business and industry. The Company regularly reviews its contingencies to determine whether the likelihood of loss is probable and to assess whether a reasonable estimate of the loss can be made. Determination of whether a loss estimate can be made is a complex undertaking that considers the judgement of management, third-party research, the prospect of negotiation and interpretations by regulators and courts, among other information. When a loss is determined to be probable, and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated, an estimated contingent liability is recorded. Revenue Recognition Effective January 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”), using the modified retrospective method for all contracts not completed as of the date of adoption. ASC 606 requires companies to recognize revenue in a way that depicts the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In addition, the standard requires more detailed disclosures to enable readers of the financial statements to understand the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. The cumulative effect of the adoption was immaterial to the consolidated financial statements. See Note 10 – Revenue Recognition for further details. The Company determines revenue recognition through the following steps: • Identify the contract, or contracts, with the customer; • Identify the performance obligations in the contract; • Determine the transaction price; • Allocate the transaction price to performance obligations in the contract; and • Recognize revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies performance obligations by transferring the promised good or services. The Company is currently engaged in the business of digital sports entertainment and gaming and provides its users with online gaming opportunities. The Company also provides online sportsbook and casino operators with technical infrastructure as well as related services with respect to its direct customers and distributors. The following is a description of the Company’s revenue streams: Online Gaming DFS is a peer-to-peer product in which users compete against one another for prizes. Users pay an entry fee to join a DFS contest and compete for prizes, which are distributed to the highest performing competitors in each contest as defined by each contest’s prize table. DFS revenue is generated from contest entry fees from users, net of prizes and customer incentives awarded to users. Sportsbook or sports betting involves a user wagering money on an outcome or series of outcomes occurring. When a user’s wager wins, the Company pays the user a pre-determined amount known as fixed odds. Sportsbook revenue is generated by setting odds such that there is a built-in theoretical margin in each sports wagering opportunity offered to users. Sportsbook revenue is generated from users’ wagers net of payouts made on users’ winning wagers and incentives awarded to users. iGaming, or online casino, typically includes digital versions of wagering games available in land-based casinos, such as blackjack, roulette and slot machines. For these offerings, the Company functions similarly to land-based casinos, generating revenue through hold, as users play against the house. iGaming revenue is generated from user wagers net of payouts made on users’ winning wagers and incentives awarded to users. DFS, Sportsbook and iGaming, each as described above, create a single performance obligation for the Company to operate contests or games and award prizes or payouts to users based on results. Revenue is recognized at the conclusion of each contest, wager, or wagering game hand. Incentives can be used across online gaming products. Additionally, certain incentives given to customers create material rights and represent separate performance obligations. User incentives in certain cases create liabilities when awarded to players and in those cases are generally recognized as revenue upon redemption. Gaming software The Company contracts with business customers to provide sports and casino betting software solutions. Gaming software revenue is recognized when control of the solutions is transferred to the customer in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for providing control of the sports betting and casino software. The Company’s direct customer contract revenue is generally calculated as a percentage of the wagering revenue generated by the business customer using our software and is recognized in the periods in which those wagering and related activities conclude. In contrast, the Company provides distributors with the right to resell the Company’s software-as-a-service offering to their clients, using their own infrastructure. In reseller arrangements, revenue is generally calculated via a fixed monthly fee and an additional monthly fee which varies based on the number of gaming operators to whom each reseller sub-licenses the Company’s software. Our direct customer arrangements do not provide the customers with the right to take possession of our software, but only the right to purchase access to the Company’s sports and casino wagering software for a defined contractual period. In reseller arrangements, as opposed to direct customer arrangements, the resellers purchase a software license which enables them to install, host, and serve their operators’ base using the Company’s software. As of December 31, 2021, we no longer had agreements with any resellers. Non-fungible token ("NFT") content We launched Draftkings Marketplace (“Marketplace”) during the third quarter of 2021. Marketplace is a digital collectibles (non-fungible token or “NFT”) ecosystem designed for mainstream accessibility that offers curated initial NFT drops (“Primary Sales”). In addition to the Primary Sales, owners of NFTs on Marketplace can list their NFTs for sale to other Marketplace customers (“Secondary Sales”). The revenue we earn is based on a specific percentage of the gross value of each Primary Sale or Secondary Sale. The revenue is recognized for each sale when the NFT transfers to the end user. In addition, the Company signed a strategic agreement (the “Strategic Agreement”) with a privately-held content development company (the “Entity”). Certain officers of the Company are members of the Entity's board of advisors and certain officers and directors of the Company are shareholders of the Entity. In connection with the Strategic Agreement, the Company has exclusive distribution rights for the Entity’s sports-related NFT content. Transaction Price Considerations Variability in the transaction price arises primarily due to market-based pricing, cash discounts, revenue sharing and usage-based fees. DraftKings offers loyalty programs, free plays, deposit bonuses, discounts, rebates and other rewards and incentives to its customers. Revenue for DFS, Sportsbook and iGaming is collected prior to the contest or event and is fixed once the outcome is known. Prizes paid and payouts made to users are recognized when awarded to the player. Contracts with customers may include multiple performance obligations. For such arrangements, the transaction price is allocated to performance obligations on a relative standalone selling price basis. Standalone selling prices are estimated based on observable data of the Company’s sales of such products and services to similar customers and in similar circumstances on a standalone basis. For Online Gaming, which includes DFS, Sportsbook and iGaming, the Company allocates a portion of the transaction price to certain customer incentives that create material future customer rights. In addition, in the event of a multi-stage contest, the Company will allocate transaction price ratably from contest start to the contest’s final stage. Certain costs to obtain or fulfill contracts Under ASC 606, certain costs to obtain or fulfill a contract with a customer must be capitalized, to the extent recoverable from the associated contract margin, and subsequently amor |