CuriosityStream 10Q 2023 Q1 Quarterly report

CuriosityStream (CURI) 10-Q2023 Q1 Quarterly report

Content analysis

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM

10-Q

(MARK ONE)

☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarter ended March 31, 2023

☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from

Commission file

number: 001-39139

CURIOSITYSTREAM INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)


Delaware		84-1797523
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

8484 Georgia Ave., Suite 700

Silver Spring,

Maryland 20910

(Address of principal executive offices)

(301)

755-2050

(Issuer’s telephone number)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.0001	CURI	NASDAQ
Warrants, each exercisable for one share of Common Stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per share	CURIW	NASDAQ

Check whether the issuer (1) filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act during the past 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation

S-T

(§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a

non-accelerated

filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company”, and “emerging growth company” in

Rule 12b-2

of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule

12b-2

of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of May 10, 2023, there were 52,970,260 shares of Common Stock of the registrant issued and outstanding.

CURIOSITYSTREAM INC.

FORM 10-Q FOR THE QUARTER ENDED MARCH 31, 2023

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	Page
Part I. Financial Information
Item 1. Financial Statements
Consolidated Balance Sheets		1
Consolidated Statements of Operations		2
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss		3
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity		4
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows		5
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements		6
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations		18
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures Regarding Market Risk		25
Item 4. Controls and Procedures		25
Part II. Other Information
Item 1. Legal Proceedings		26
Item 1A. Risk Factors		26
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds		26
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities		26
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures		26
Item 5. Other Information		27
Item 6. Exhibits		27
Part III. Signatures		28

CuriosityStream Inc.

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(in thousands, except par value)


	March 31,			December 31,
	2023			2022
	(unaudited)
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	48,668		$	40,007
Restricted cash		500			500
Short-term investments in debt securities		—			14,986
Accounts receivable, net		9,699			10,899
Other current assets		2,189			3,118

Total current assets		61,056			69,510

Investments in equity method investees		10,547			10,766
Property and equipment, net		1,000			1,094
Content assets, net		66,373			68,502
Operating lease right-of-use assets		3,633			3,702
Other assets		493			539

Total assets	$	143,102		$	154,113

Liabilities and stockholders’ equity
Current liabilities
Content liabilities	$	1,656		$	2,862
Accounts payable		7,500			6,065
Accrued expenses and other liabilities		3,380			7,752
Deferred revenue		13,863			14,281

Total current liabilities		26,399			30,960

Warrant liability		331			257
Non-current operating lease liabilities		4,560			4,648
Other liabilities		655			622

Total liabilities		31,945			36,487
Stockholders’ equity
Common stock, $0.0001 par value – 125,000 shares authorized as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022; 52,961 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2023; 52,853 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2022		5			5
Additional paid-in capital		360,002			358,760
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		—			(40	)
Accumulated deficit		(248,850	)		(241,099	)

Total stockholders’ equity		111,157			117,626

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	143,102		$	154,113

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial

statements.

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CuriosityStream Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Operations

(in thousands, except for per share data)

(unaudited)


	For the three months ended March 31,
	2023			2022
Revenues	$	12,387		$	17,627
Operating expenses
Cost of revenues		9,001			11,850
Advertising and marketing		3,115			14,768
General and administrative		8,059			10,503

		20,175			37,121

Operating loss		(7,788	)		(19,494	)
Change in fair value of warrant liability		(74	)		3,860
Interest and other income (expense)		388			(57	)
Equity method investment loss		(219	)		(156	)

Loss before income taxes		(7,693	)		(15,847	)
Provision for income taxes		58			45

Net loss	$	(7,751	)	$	(15,892	)

Net loss per share
Basic	$	(0.15	)	$	(0.30	)
Diluted	$	(0.15	)	$	(0.30	)
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding
Basic		52,950			52,750
Diluted		52,950			52,750

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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CuriosityStream Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss

(in thousands)

(unaudited)


	For the three months ended March 31,
	2023			2022
Net loss	$	(7,751	)	$	(15,892	)
Other comprehensive income (loss)
Unrealized gain (loss) on available for sale securities		40			(233	)

Total comprehensive loss	$	(7,711	)	$	(16,125	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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CuriosityStream Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

(in thousands)

(unaudited)


											Accumulated						Total Stockholders’ Equity
	Common Stock				Preferred Stock				Additional Paid-in		Other Comprehensive			Accumulated
	Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount		Capital		Income (Loss)			Deficit
Balance as of December 31, 2021		52,677	$	5		—	$	—	$	352,334	$	(222	)	$	(190,182	)	$	161,935
Net loss		—		—		—		—		—		—			(15,892	)		(15,892	)
Stock-based compensation, net		90		—		—		—		1,651		—			—			1,651
Other comprehensive loss		—		—		—		—		—		(233	)		—			(233	)
Balance as of March 31, 2022		52,767	$	5		—	$	—	$	353,985	$	(455	)	$	(206,074	)	$	147,461

Balance as of December 31, 2022		52,853	$	5		—	$	—	$	358,760	$	(40	)	$	(241,099	)	$	117,626
Net loss		—		—		—		—		—		—			(7,751	)		(7,751	)
Stock-based compensation, net		108		—		—		—		1,242		—			—			1,242
Other comprehensive income		—		—		—		—		—		40			—			40

Balance as of March 31, 2023		52,961	$	5		—	$	—	$	360,002	$	—		$	(248,850	)	$	111,157

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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CuriosityStream Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(in thousands)

(unaudited)


	For the three months ended March 31,
	2023			2022
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss	$	(7,751	)	$	(15,892	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities
Change in fair value of warrant liability		74			(3,860	)
Additions to content assets		(3,723	)		(14,470	)
Change in content liabilities		(1,206	)		(5,672	)
Amortization of content assets		5,852			9,038
Depreciation and amortization expenses		127			209
Amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts associated with investments in debt securities, net		26			411
Stock-based compensation		1,267			1,788
Equity method investment loss		219			156
Other non-cash items		121			120
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
Accounts receivable		1,200			10,052
Other assets		944			2,227
Accounts payable		1,440			4,990
Accrued expenses and other liabilities		(4,514	)		(3,677	)
Deferred revenue		(384	)		2,293

Net cash used in operating activities		(6,308	)		(12,287	)

Cash flows from investing activities
Purchases of property and equipment		(5	)		(22	)
Investment in equity method investees		—			(813	)
Sales of investments in debt securities		—			2,502
Maturities of investments in debt securities		15,000			19,603
Purchases of investments in debt securities		—			(1,497	)

Net cash provided by investing activities		14,995			19,773

Cash flows from financing activities
Payments related to tax withholding		(26	)		(137	)

Net cash used in financing activities		(26	)		(137	)

Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		8,661			7,349
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period		40,507			17,547

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	$	49,168		$	24,896

Supplemental disclosure:
Cash paid for taxes	$	—		$	177
Cash paid for operating leases		134			131
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities		—			3,965

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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CuriosityStream Inc.

Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

Note 1 — Organization and business

The principal business of CuriosityStream Inc. (the “Company” or “CuriosityStream”) is to provide customers with access to high quality factual content via a direct subscription video

on-demand

(SVOD) platform accessible by internet connected devices, or indirectly via distribution partners who deliver CuriosityStream content via the distributor’s platform or system. The online library available for streaming spans the entire category of factual entertainment including science, history, society, nature, lifestyle, and technology. The library is composed of more than six thousand accessible on-demand and ad-free productions and includes shows and series from leading non-fiction producers.

The Company’s content assets are available directly through its owned and operated website (“O&O Service”), mobile applications developed for iOS and Android operating systems (“App Services”), and via the platforms and systems of third-party partners in exchange for license fees. The Company offers subscribers a monthly or annual subscription. The price for a subscription varies depending on the content included (e.g., Direct Service or Smart Bundle service) and the length of the subscription (e.g., monthly or annual) selected by the customer. As an additional part of the Company’s App Services, it has built applications to make its service accessible on almost every major customer device, including streaming media players like Roku, Apple TV and Amazon Fire TV, major smart TV brands (e.g., LG, Vizio, Samsung) and gaming consoles. In addition, CuriosityStream has affiliate agreement relationships with, and its content assets are available through, certain multichannel video programming distributors (“MVPDs”) and virtual MVPDs (“vMVPDs”). The Company also has distribution agreements which grant other media companies certain distribution rights to the Company’s programs, referred to as content licensing deals. The Company also sells selected rights to content it creates before production begins.

Note 2 — Basis of presentation and summary of significant accounting policies

Basis of presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) and are consistent in all material respects with those applied in the Company’s consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022.

In the opinion of management, the unaudited consolidated financial statements include all adjustments of a normal recurring nature necessary for the fair presentation of the Company’s financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. The unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes and

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition, and Results of Operations

included in the Annual Report on Form

10-K

for the year ended December 31, 2022. The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2023.

There have been no material changes in the Company’s significant accounting policies compared to the significant accounting policies described in the Company’s consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022. As discussed below, the Company adopted the new accounting guidance related to credit losses on financial instruments in the current interim period, with the adoption of the respective guidance not resulting in a material impact to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Use of estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP and the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results c

uld differ from those estimates. Significant items subject to such estimates include the content asset amortization policy, the assessment of the recoverability of content assets and equity method investments, the fair value of share-based awards and liability classified warrants and measurement of income tax assets and

liabilities.

Reclassification

Certain comparative figures have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.

Concentration of risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist principally of cash, cash equivalents, investments, and accounts receivable. The Company maintains its cash, cash equivalents, and investments with high credit quality financial institutions; at times, such balances with the financial institutions may exceed the applicable FDIC-insured limits.

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Accounts receivable, net are typically unsecured and are derived from revenues earned from customers primarily located in the United States

Fair value measurement of financial instruments

Fair value is defined as the exit price, or the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants as of the measurement date. The applicable accounting guidance establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs market participants would use in valuing the asset or liability and are developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company’s assumptions about the factors market participants would use in valuing the asset or liability. The guidance establishes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

•

Level 1 — Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

•

Level 2 — Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

•

Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

Assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurements. The Company reviews the fair value hierarchy classification at each reporting period. Changes in the observability of valuation inputs may result in a reclassification of levels for certain securities within the fair value hierarchy.

The Company’s assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis include its investments in money market funds and corporate debt securities. Level 1 inputs were derived by using unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets in active markets and were used to value the Company’s investments in money market funds and U.S. government debt securities. Level 2 inputs were derived using prices for similar investments and were used to value the Company’s investments in corporate and municipal debt securities.

The Company’s liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis include its private placement warrants issued to Software Acquisition Holdings LLC in a private placement offering (the “Private Placement Warrants”). The fair value of the Private Placement Warrants is considered a Level 3 valuation and is determined using the Black-Sch

les valuation model. Refer to Note 6 for significant assumptions which the Company used in the fair value model for the Private Placement Warrants.

The Company’s remaining financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued expenses and other liabilities are carried at cost, which approximates fair value because of the short-term maturity of these instruments.

Recently Adopted Financial Accounting Standards

As an emerging growth company (“EGC”), the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (“JOBS Act”) allows the Company to delay adoption of new or revised accounting pronouncements applicable to public companies until such pronouncements are applicable to private companies. The Company has elected to use this extended transition period under the JOBS Act until such time as the Company is no longer considered to be an EGC.

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In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”)

No. 2016-13,

“Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASU

2016-13”).”

The amendments in this update introduce a new standard to replace the incurred loss impairment methodology under

prior

U.S. GAAP with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates.

The Company determines its allowance for doubtful accounts based on historical loss experience, customer financial condition, and current economic conditions.

The Company adopted the new standard effective January 1, 2023, which did not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

Note

3 – Equity Invest

nts

Spiegel TV Geschichte und Wissen GmbH & Co. KG (the “Spiegel Venture”)

In July 2021, the Company acquired 32% ownership in the Spiegel Venture for $3.3 million. The

Spiegel Venture, which prior to the Company’s equity purchase, was jointly owned and operated by Spiegel TV GmbH (“Spiegel TV”) and Autentic GmbH (“Autentic”), operates two documentary channels, together with an SVOD service, which provide factual content to pay television audiences in Germany. The Company has not received any dividends from the Spiegel Venture as of March 31, 2023.

The Company has a call option that permits it to require Spiegel TV and Autentic to sell their ownership interests in Spiegel Venture (“Call Option”) to the Company. The Call Option, exercisable at a value based on a determinable calculation in the Share Purchase Agreement, which was amended during the three months ended March 31, 2023 (as amended, the “SPA”), is initially exercisable only during the period that is the later of (i) the

30-day

period following the adoption of Spiegel Venture’s audited financial statements for the fiscal year 2025, and (ii) the period between March 1, 2026 and March 30, 2026.

Together with the Call Option, each of Spiegel TV and Autentic has a put option that permits it to require the Company to purchase their interest (“Put Option”) at a value based on a determinable calculation outlined in the SPA. The Put Option is only exercisable upon the achievement of certain defined conditions, as outlined in the SPA, and is initially exercisable only during the period that is the later of (i) the

60-day

period following the adoption of Spiegel Venture’s audited financial statements for the fiscal year 2025, and (ii) the period between April 1, 2026 and April 30, 2026.

In the event the Call Option or Put Option is not exercised, both options

will

continue to be available to each respective party in the following year through perpetuity, with its exercise limited to the same date range as outlined above. The Put Option is not currently considered to be probable of becoming exercisable based on the defined conditions in the SPA.

Watch Nebula LLC (“Nebula”)

On August 23, 2021, the Company purchased a 12% ownership interest in Nebula for $6.0 million. Nebula is an SVOD technology platform built for and by a group of content creators. Should Nebula meet certain quarterly targets through the third quarter of 2023, the Company is obligated to purchase additional ownership interests, each for a payment of $0.8 million

. After

each payment the Company will obtain an additional 1.625% of equity ownership interests. The Company did not make further investments in Nebula during the three months ended March 31, 2023

. The Company’s

total ownership interest in Nebula as of March 31, 2023

is 16.875%

Prior to the Company’s investment, Nebula was a 100% wholly owned subsidiary of Standard Broadcast LLC (“Standard”). The Company obtained 25% of the representation on Nebula’s Board of Directors, providing the Company with significant influence, but not a controlling interest. The Company has not received dividends from Nebula as of March 31, 2023.

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The Company’s carrying values for its equity method investments as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 is as follows:


	Spiegel Venture		Nebula			Total

	(in thousands)
Balance, December 31, 2022	$	2,899	$	7,867		$	10,766
Equity method investment income (loss)		28		(247	)		(219	)

Balance, March 31, 2023	$	2,927	$	7,620		$	10,547

Note 4 — Balance sheet components

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash

A reconciliation of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents in the consolidated balance sheets to cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash in the consolidated statements of cash flows is as follows:


	March 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022

	(in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	48,668	$	40,007
Restricted cash		500		500

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	49,168	$	40,507

As of March 31, 2023

and December 31, 2022,

restricted cash includes cash deposits required by a bank as collateral related to corporate credit card agreements

Investments in debt securities

The Company’s investments in debt securities at fair value based on unadjusted quoted market prices (Level 1) and quoted prices for comparable assets (Level 2) are:


	As of March 31, 2023								As of December 31, 2022
	Cash and Cash Equivalents		Short-term Investments		Investments (non-current)		Total		Cash and Cash Equivalents		Short-term Investments		Investments (non-current)		Total

	(in thousands)								(in thousands)
Level 1 Securities
Money market funds	$	47,272	$	—		—	$	47,272	$	17,724	$	—		—	$	17,724

Total Level 1 Securities	$	47,272		—		—	$	47,272	$	17,724		—		—	$	17,724

Level 2 Securities
Corporate debt securities		—		—		—		—		—	$	14,986		—	$	14,986

Total Level 2 Securities		—		—		—		—		—	$	14,986		—	$	14,986

Total	$	47,272		—		—	$	47,272	$	17,724	$	14,986		—	$	32,710

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	As of December 31, 2022
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Estimated Fair Value

	(in thousands)
Debt Securities:
Corporate	$	15,026		—	$	(40	)	$	14,986

Total	$	15,026		—	$	(40	)	$	14,986

There were no material realized gains or losses recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2023 or 2022.

Content assets

Content assets consisted of the following:


	As of
	March 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022

	(in thousands)
Licensed content, net
Released, less amortization	$	11,790	$	11,154
Prepaid and unreleased		3,086		4,014

		14,876		15,168
Produced content, net
Released, less amortization		32,332		33,094
In production		19,165		20,240

		51,497		53,334

Total	$	66,373	$	68,502

As of March 31, 202

, $5.4 million, $3.2 million, and $1.6 million of the $11.8

million unamortized cost of the licensed content that has been released is expected to be amortized in each of the next three years, respectively. As of March 31, 2023,

9.6 million, $8.8 million, and $7.5 million of the $32.3 million unamortized cost of the produced content that has been released is expected to be amortized in each of the next three

years, respectively.

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In accordance with its accounting policy for content assets, the Company amortized licensed content costs and produced content costs

, which is included in cost of revenues on the Company’s

unaudited consolidated statements of operations,as follows:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022

	(in thousands)
Licensed content	$	1,945	$	2,999
Produced content		3,907		6,039

Total	$	5,852	$	9,038

Warrant liability

As described in Note 6, the Private Placement Warrants are classified as a

non-current

liability and reported at fair value at each reporting period. The fair value of the Private Placement Warrants was as follows:


	As of March 31, 2023		As of December 31, 2022

	(in thousands)
Level 3
Private Placement Warrants	$	331	$	257

Total Level 3	$	331	$	257

Note 5 — Re

nue

The following table sets forth the Company’s revenues disaggregated by type for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, as well as the relative percentage of each revenue type to total revenue.


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023				2022

	(in thousands, except percentages)
Subscriptions – O&O Service	$	6,642	54	%	$	7,307	41	%
Subscriptions – App Services		878	7	%		1,048	6	%

Subscriptions – Total		7,520	61	%		8,355	47	%
License Fees – Partner Direct		1,102	9	%		1,143	7	%
License Fees – Bundled Distribution		1,473	12	%		3,767	21	%
License Fees – Content Licensing		2,018	16	%		4,248	24	%

License Fees – Total		4,593	37	%		9,158	52	%
Other – Total (1)		274	2	%		114	1	%

Total Revenues	$	12,387			$	17,627

(1)	Other revenue primarily relate s to other marketing services.

Revenues expected to be recognized in the future related to performance obligations that

were

unsatisfied as of March 31, 2023 are as follows:


	Remainder of year ending December 31,		For the years ending December 31,
	2023		2024		2025		2026		2027		Thereafter		Total

	(in thousands)
Remaining Performance Obligations	$	5,695	$	4,156	$	2,096	$	193	$	31	$	195	$	12,366

These amounts include only fixed consideration or minimum guarantees and do not include amounts related to (i) contracts with an original expected term of one year or less or (ii) licenses of content that are solely based on sales or usage-based royalties.

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Contract liabilities (i.e., deferred revenue)

consist

of subscriber and affiliate license fees billed that have not been recognized, amounts contractually billed or collected for content licensing sales in advance of the related content being made available to the customer, and unredeemed gift certificates and other prepaid subscriptions that have not been redeemed. Total deferred revenues

were $14.5 million and $14.9 million

at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Revenues

of $6.5 million

were recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2023, related to the balance of deferred revenue at December 31, 2022, primarily related to the recognition from annual

plan amounts.

Note 6 — Stockholders’ equity

Common Stock

As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company

had

authorized the issuance of 126,000,000 shares of capital stock, par value of $0.0001 per share, consisting of (a) 125,000,000 shares of common stock, and (b) 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock.

Warrants

As of March 31, 2023, the Company had 3,054,203 publicly traded warrants that were sold as part of the units of Software Acquisition Group Inc. in its initial public offering on November 22, 2019 and that were issued to the PIPE Investors in connection with

the

business combination that closed on October 14, 2020 (the “Public Warrants” and

together with the Private Placement Warrants, the “Warrants”) and 3,676,000 Private Placement Warrants outstanding.

The

Private Placement Warrants are liability-classified, and the Public Warrants are equity-classified.

Each whole warrant entitles the registered holder to purchase one share of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per share. All Warrants expire on October 14, 2025.

The Company has the right to redeem the outstanding Public Warrants in whole and not in part at a price of $0.01 per warrant upon a minimum of 30 days’ prior written notice of redemption, if and only if the last sale price of the Company’s common stock matched or exceeded $18.00 per share for any 20 trading days within a

30-trading

day period ending on the third trading day prior to the date on which the Company sent the notice of redemption to the warrant holders.

The Private Placement Warrants are identical to the Public Warrants except that, so long as they are held by Software Acquisition Holdings, LLC (the Company’s former sponsor) or its permitted transferees: (i) they will not be redeemable by the Company; (ii) they may be exercised by the holders on a cashless basis; and (iii) they are subject to registration rights.

There were no exercises of warrants during the three months ended March 31, 2023.

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The warrant liability related to the Private Placement Warrants is recorded at fair value as of each reporting date with the change in fair value reported within other income (expense) in the accompanying unaudited consolidated statements of operations as “Change in fair value of warrant liability” until the warrants are exercised, expired or other facts and circumstances lead the warrant liability to be reclassified to stockholders’ equity. The fair value of the warrant liability for the Private Placement Warrants was estimated using a Black-Scholes pricing model using Level 3 inputs. The significant assumptions used in preparing the Black-Scholes option pricing model are as follows:


	As of March 31, 2023			As of December 31, 2022

Exercise price	$	11.50		$	11.50
Stock price (CURI)	$	1.35		$	1.14
Expected volatility		79.00	%		77.00	%
Expected warrant term (years)		2.5			2.8
Risk-free interest rate		3.94	%		4.22	%
Dividend yield		0	%		0	%
Fair Value per Private Placement Warrant	$	0.09		$	0.07

The change in fair value of the

Private Placement Warrant

liability resulted in

loss

of $0.1 million and a gain of

$3.9 million

for three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Note 7 — Earnings (loss) per share

Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share calculations are calculated on the basis of the weighted average number of shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding during the respective periods. Diluted earnings (loss) per share give effect to all dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period using the treasury stock method for stock options and other potentially dilutive securities. In computing diluted earnings (loss) per share, the average fair value of the Company’s common stock for the period is used to determine the number of shares assumed to be purchased from the exercise price of the options. Purchases of treasury stock reduce the outstanding shares commencing on the date that the stock is purchased. Common stock equivalents are excluded from the calculation when a loss is incurred as their effect would be anti-dilutive.


	Three months ended March 31,
	2023			2022

	(in thousands, except per share data)
Numerator - Basic and Diluted EPS:
Net loss	$	(7,751	)	$	(15,892	)
Denominator - Basic and Diluted EPS:
Weighted–average shares		52,950			52,750

Net loss per share - Basic and Diluted	$	(0.15	)	$	(0.30	)

For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the following share equivalents were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share as the inclusion of such shares would be anti-dilutive. Common shares issuable for warrants, options, and restricted stock units represent the total amount of outstanding warrants, stock options, and restricted stock units at March 31, 2023 and 2022.


Antidilutive shares excluded:	March 31,
	2023		2022

	(in thousands)
Options		4,630		5,293
Restricted Stock Units		1,030		1,020
Warrants		6,730		6,730

Total		12,390		13,043

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Note 8 — Stock-based compensation

The Company measures the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the grant date fair value of the award. The fair value is recognized in earnings over the period during which an employee is required to provide the service. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur.

CuriosityStream 2020 Omnibus Plan

In October 2020, the Board of Directors of the Company adopted the CuriosityStream 2020 Omnibus Plan (the “2020 Plan”). Upon adoption of the 2020 Plan, a total of 7,725,000 shares were approved to be issued as stock options, share appreciation rights, restricted stock units and restricted stock.

The following table summarizes stock option and restricted stock unit (“RSU”) activity, prices, and values for the three months ended March 31, 2023:


				Stock Options					Restricted Stock Units
	Number of Shares Available for Issuance Under the Plan			Number of Shares			Weighted- Average Exercise Price		Number of Shares			Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value

	(in thousands, except per share data)
Balance at December 31, 2022		1,815			4,632		$	7.13		759		$	7.14
Granted		(342	)		—			—		342			1.41
Options exercised and RSUs vested		18			—			—		(49	)		10.27
Forfeited or expired		23			(2	)		5.88		(21	)		9.85

Balance at March 31, 2023		1,514			4,630		$	7.13		1,030		$	4.89

There were no options exercised during the three months ended March 31 2023 and 2022.

Stock options and RSU awards generally vest on a monthly, quarterly, or annual basis over a period of four years from the grant date. When options are exercised, the Company’s policy is to issue previously unissued shares of Common Stock to satisfy share option exercises. Upon vesting and distribution of RSUs, the Company’s policy is to issue previously unissued shares of Common Stock to satisfy restricted stock units vested, net of shares withheld for taxes if elected by the RSU holder.

The fair value of stock option awards is estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, which includes a number of assumptions including Company’s estimates of stock price volatility, employee stock option exercise behaviors, future dividend payments, and risk-free interest rates.

The expected term of options granted is the estimated period of time from the beginning of the vesting period to the date of expected exercise or other settlement, based on historical exercises and post-vesting terminations. The Company generally estimates expected term based on the midpoint between the vesting date and the end of the contractual term, also known as the simplified method, given the lack of historical exercise behavior.

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The Company uses its own historical volatility as well as the historical volatility of similar public companies for estimating volatility. The risk-free interest rate is estimated using the rate of return on U.S. Treasury securities with maturities that approximate to the expected term of the option. The Company does not currently anticipate declaring any dividends.

Assumptions used to value the options granted and the resulting weighted-average grant date fair value and stock-based compensation expense were as follows:


	Three months ended March 31,
	2023	2022

Dividend yield	N/A		0	%
Expected volatility	N/A		60% - 65	%
Expected term (years)	N/A		6.00 - 6.50
Risk-free interest rate	N/A		1.40% - 2.44	%
Weighted average grant date fair value	N/A		$2.30

	(in thousands)
Stock-based compensation - Options	$777		$967
Stock-based compensation - RSUs	$490		$821

Stock-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date, based on the fair value of the award, and is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period.

Note 9 — Segment and geographic information

The Company operates as one reporting segment. The Company’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) is its chief executive officer, who reviews financial information presented on an entity-wide basis for purposes of making operating decisions, assessing financial performance and allocating resources.

All long-lived tangible assets are located in the United States. Revenue by geographic location, based on the location of the customers, with one foreign country individually comprising greater than 10% of total revenue, is as follows:


	Three months ended March 31,
	2023				2022

	(in thousands)
United States	$	6,686	54	%	$	11,799	67	%
International:
Netherlands		1,246	10	%		65	0	%
United Kingdom		562	5	%		1,901	11	%
Other		3,893	31	%		3,862	22	%

Total International		5,701	46	%		5,828	33	%

	$	12,387	100	%	$	17,627	100	%

Note 10 — Related party transactions

Equity investments

The

Company recognized $0.8 million of revenue related to license fees and $0.1 million related to revenue share from the Spiegel Venture during the three months ended March 31, 2023.

The Company also incurred $1.2 million and $1.0 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively in revenue share to Nebula from subscription sales to certain bundled subscription packages. This revenue share is recorded in Cost of revenues on the consolidated statement

of operations.

A summary of the impact of the arrangements with

the

Spiegel Venture and Nebula on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets and statement of operations is as follows:


Balance sheets:	March 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022

	(in thousands)
Accounts receivable	$	2,804	$	3,358
Accounts payable		788		404
Accrued expenses and other liabilities		14		—


Statement of operations:	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022

	(in thousands)
Revenues	$	794	$	—
Cost of revenues		1,202		990

Operating lease

The Company sublets a portion of its office space to Hendricks Investment Holdings, LLC (“HIH”), which is considered a related party as it is managed by various members of the Company’s Board of Directors. The Company accounts for the arrangement as an operating lease. Refer to Note 11 for further information.

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Note 11 — Lea

ses

Company as a Lessee

The Company is a party to a

non-cancellable

operating lease agreement for office space, which expires in 2033. The Company’s operating lease for this office space includes fixed rent payments and variable lease payments, which are primarily related to common area maintenance and utility charges. The Company elected not to separate lease and

non-lease

components, and as such, all amounts paid under the lease are classified as either fixed or variable lease payments. Fixed

lease

payments were included in the calculation of

right of use (“

ROU

”)

asset and leases liabilities with variable lease payments being recognized as lease expense as incurred. The Company has determined that no renewal clauses are reasonably certain of being exercised and therefore has not included any renewal periods within the lease term for this lease.

As of

March 31, 2023, the Company had operating lease ROU assets of $3.6 million, current lease liabilities of $0.3 million, and

non-current

lease liabilities of $4.6 million. In measuring operating lease liabilities, the Company used a weighted average discount rate of 4.4% in existence as of the January 1, 2022 adoption date

of the new leasing standard.

The weighted average remaining lease term

as of

March 31, 2023 was 9.9 years.

Components of Lease Cost

The Company’s total operating lease cost was comprised of the following:


	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022

	(in thousands)
Operating lease cost		121		121
Short-term lease cost		—		18
Variable lease cost		13		11

Total lease cost		134		150

Maturity of Lease Liabilities

As of March 31, 2023, maturities of our operating lease liabilities, which do not include short-term leases and variable lease payments,

were

as follows (in thousands):


Remaining nine months of 2023	$	409
2024		557
2025		571
2026		585
2027		600
Thereafter		3,346

Total Lease Payments	$	6,068
Less: imputed interest		(1,165	)

Present value of total lease liabilities	$	4,903

Company as Lessor

The Company sublets a portion of its office space to a related party and accounts for the arrangement as an operating lease. Related party sublease rental income is recognized on a straight-line basis and is included in Interest and other income (expense) in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, operating lease income from the Company’s sublet was less than $0.1 million. As of March 31, 2023, total remaining future minimum lease payments receivable on the Company’s operating lease

were

$0.6 million.

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Note 12 — Commitments and contingencies

Content commitments

As of March 31, 2023, the Company had $7.5 million of content obligations comprised of $1.6 million included in content liabilities in the accompanying unaudited consolidated balance sheet, and $5.9 million of obligations that are not reflected in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet

as they did not yet meet the asset recognition criteria for content assets.

All content

obligations are expected to be paid

December 31, 2023

As of December 31, 2022, the Company had $11.5 million of content obligations comprised of $2.9 million included in current content liabilities in the accompanying unaudited consolidated balance sheets and $8.6 million of obligations that are not reflected in the accompanying unaudited consolidated balance sheets as they did not yet meet the asset recognition criteria for content assets.

Content obligations include amounts related to licensed, commissioned and internally produced streaming content. An obligation for the production of content includes

non-cancelable

commitments under creative talent and employment agreements. An obligation for the licensed and commissioned content is incurred at the time the Company enters into an agreement to obtain future titles. Once a title becomes available, a content liability is generally recorded. Certain agreements include the obligation to license rights for unknown future titles, the ultimate quantity and/or fees for which are not yet determinable as of the reporting date.

Advertising commitments

The Company has certain commitments with regards to future advertising and marketing expenses as stated in the various licensee agreements. Certain of the agreements do not specify the amount of advertising and marketing commitment; however, the total commitments for agreements which do specify the amount are $1.1 million as of March 31, 2023, of which $0.6 million and $0.5 million are expected to be paid during the nine months ending December 31, 2023, and year ending December 31, 2024, respectively.

Note 13 — Income taxes

The Company recorded a provision for income taxes of $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, primarily related to foreign withholding income taxes. The Company’s provision for income taxes differs from the federal statutory rate primarily due to the Company being in a full valuation allowance position and not recognizing a tax benefit attributable to generated losses for either federal or state income tax purposes.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis provides information that management believes is relevant to an assessment and understanding of our results of operations and financial condition. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the Company’s unaudited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Unless the context otherwise requires, references in this “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” to “we,” “us,” “our,” and “the Company” are intended to mean the business and operations of CuriosityStream Inc.

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-looking Statements

All statements other than statements of historical fact included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q including, without limitation, statements under this “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” regarding the Company’s financial position, business strategy and the plans and objectives of management for future operations, are forward-looking statements. When used in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, words such as “anticipate,” “attribute,” “believe,” “continue,” “hope,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “might,” “potential,” “seek,” “should,” “will” and “would,” and similar expressions, as they relate to us or the Company’s management, identify forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements are based on the beliefs of management, as well as assumptions made by, and information currently available to, the Company’s management. Actual results could differ materially from those contemplated by the forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors detailed in our filings with the SEC. All subsequent written or oral forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on the Company’s behalf are qualified in their entirety by this paragraph. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results and events to differ materially from those included in forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC on March 31, 2023. We assume no obligation to revise or publicly release any revision to any forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, unless required by law.

Overview

Created by John Hendricks, founder of the Discovery Channel and former Chairman of Discovery Communications, CuriosityStream is a media and entertainment company that offers premium video and audio programming across the principal categories of factual entertainment, including science, history, society, nature, lifestyle and technology. Our mission is to provide premium factual entertainment that informs, enchants and inspires. We are seeking to meet demand for high-quality factual entertainment via SVOD platforms, as well as via bundled content licenses for SVOD and linear offerings, content licensing, brand sponsorship and advertising, talks and courses and partner bulk sales.

We operate our business as a single operating segment that provides premium streaming content through multiple channels, including the use of various applications, partnerships and affiliate relationships. We generate our revenue through five products and services: Direct Business, Bundled Distribution, Content Licensing, Enterprise and Other. The table below shows our revenue generated through each of the foregoing products and services for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023				2022

	(in thousands)
Direct Business	$	8,582	70	%	$	8,334	47	%
Bundled Distribution		1,473	12	%		3,767	21	%
Content Licensing		2,018	16	%		4,248	24	%
Enterprise		40	0	%		1,163	7	%
Other		274	2	%		114	1	%

Total Revenues	$	12,387			$	17,627

CuriosityStream’s award-winning content library features more than 15,000 programs that explore topics ranging from space engineering to ancient history to the rise of Wall Street. Our extensive catalog of originally produced and owned content includes more than 9,500 short-, mid- and long-form video and audio titles, including One Day University and Learn 25 recorded lectures that are led by some of the most acclaimed college and university professors in the world. Our library also features a rotating catalog of more than 5,500 internationally licensed videos and audio programs. Every month, we launch dozens of new video titles, which are available on-demand in high- or ultra-high definition. Through new and long-standing international partnerships, we have localized a large portion of our video library in ten different languages.

Our Direct Business revenue is derived from consumers subscribing through our O&O Service, App Services, and Partner Direct relationships. Our O&O Direct-to-Consumer service is available in more than 175 countries to any household with a broadband connection. Currently, most legacy subscribers pay $2.99 per month or $19.99 per year for our standard CuriosityStream service. As of March 27, 2023, we increased our standard pricing for new subscribers to this service to $4.99 per month or $39.99 per year. We also provide a Smart Bundle service for $9.99 per month or $69.99 per year. Our Smart Bundle membership includes everything in our standard service, plus subscriptions to third-party platforms Tastemade, Topic, SommTV, DaVinci Kids, our equity investee Nebula, and our One Day University stand-alone service.

Our App Services enable access to CuriosityStream on almost every major consumer device, including streaming media players like Roku, Apple TV and Amazon Fire TV, major smart TV brands (e.g., LG, Vizio, Samsung) and gaming consoles. The MVPD, vMVPD and digital distributor partners making up our Partner Direct Business pay us a license fee for sales to individuals who subscribe to CuriosityStream via the partners’ respective platforms. We have affiliate agreement relationships with, and our service is available directly from, major MVPDs that include Comcast, Cox, Dish and vMVPDs and digital distributors that include Amazon Prime Video Channels, Apple Channel, Roku Channel, Sling TV and YouTube TV.

In addition to our Direct Business described above, our Bundled Distribution business includes affiliate relationships with our Bundled MVPD Partners and vMVPDs, which are broadband and wireless companies in the U.S. and international territories to whom we can offer a broad scope of rights, including 24/7 “linear” channels, our on-demand content library, mobile rights and pricing and packaging flexibility, in exchange for an annual fixed fee or fee per subscriber.

In our Content Licensing business, we license to certain media companies a collection of our existing titles in a traditional content licensing deal. We also sell selected rights (such as in territories or on platforms that are lower priority for us) to content we create before we even begin production. This latter model reduces risk in our content development decisions and creates content licensing revenue.

Our Enterprise business is comprised primarily of selling subscriptions in bulk to companies and organizations that in turn offer these subscriptions to their employees and members as an employment benefit or “gift of curiosity.” Revenues from our Enterprise business are included within Subscriptions – O&O Services in Note 5 to the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements.

Our Other business is primarily comprised of advertising and sponsorship revenue. We offer companies the opportunity to be associated with CuriosityStream content in a variety of forms, including short- and long-form program integration, branded social media promotional videos, advertising spots in our video and audio programs that are made available on our linear programming channels or in front of the paywall, and digital display ads.

In the future, we hope to continue developing integrated digital brand partnerships with advertisers. These sponsorship campaigns offer companies the chance to be associated with CuriosityStream content in the forms described above. We believe the impressions accumulated in these multi-faceted campaigns would roll up to verifiable metrics for the clients.

Key Factors Affecting Results of Operations

Our future operating results and cash flows are dependent upon a number of opportunities, challenges, and other factors, including our ability to efficiently grow our subscriber base, increase our prices, and expand our service offerings to maximize subscriber lifetime value. In particular, we believe that the following factors significantly affected our results of operations over the last fiscal quarter and are expected to continue to have such significant effects:

Revenues

Currently, the main sources of our revenue are (i) subscriber and license fees earned from our Direct Business (“Direct Business”), (ii) bundled license fees from distribution affiliates (“Bundled Distribution”), (iii) license fees from content licensing arrangements (“Content Licensing”), (iv) subscriber fees from our Enterprise business (“Enterprise”), and (v) Other revenue, including advertising and sponsorships (“Other”).

Since the Company was founded in 2015, we have generated the majority of our revenues from consumers directly accessing our content in the form of monthly or annual subscription plans. Currently, most legacy subscribers pay $2.99 per month or $19.99 per year for our standard CuriosityStream service. As of March 27, 2023, we increased our standard pricing for new subscribers to this service to $4.99 per month or $39.99 per year. We also provide a Smart Bundle service for $9.99 per month or $69.99 per year. Currently, our Smart Bundle pricing and pricing for most legacy subscribers remain unchanged. However, we may in the future increase the price of these existing subscription plans, which may have a positive effect on our revenue from this line of our business. We pay a fixed percentage distribution fee to our partners for subscribers accessing our platform via App Services to compensate these partners for access to their customer and subscriber bases. The MVPD, vMVPD and digital distributor partners making up our Partner Direct Business pay us a license fee, and host and stream our content to their customers via their own platforms, such as set top boxes in the case of most MVPDs. We do not incur billing, streaming or backend costs associated with content distribution through our MVPD, vMVPD and digital distributor partners.

Operating Costs

Our primary operating costs relate to the cost of producing and acquiring our content, the costs of advertising and marketing our service, personnel costs, and distribution fees. Producing and co-producing content and commissioned content is generally more costly than acquiring content through licenses.

The Company’s primary business model is subscription based as opposed to a model generating revenues at a specific title level. Content assets (licensed and produced) are predominantly monetized as a group and therefore are reviewed in aggregate at a group level when an event or change in circumstances indicates a change in the expected usefulness of the content or that the fair value may be less than unamortized cost. If such changes are identified, the aggregated content library will be stated at the lower of unamortized cost or fair value. In addition, unamortized costs for assets that have been, or are expected to be, abandoned are written off. For a discussion of the accounting policies for content impairment write-down and management estimates involved therein, see “— Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” below.

Further, our advertising and marketing expenditures and personnel costs constitute primary operating costs for our business. These costs may fluctuate based on advertising and marketing objectives and personnel needs. In general, we intend to focus marketing dollars on efficient customer acquisition. With respect to personnel costs, we focus on revenue-generating personnel, such as sales staff and roles that support the improvement, maintenance and marketing of our Direct Service.

Results of Operations

The Company operates as one reporting segment. The financial data in the following table sets forth selected financial information derived from our unaudited consolidated financial statements for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022 and shows our results of operations as a percentage of revenue or as a percentage of costs, as applicable, for the periods indicated.


	Three months ended March 31,
	2023					2022					$ Change			% Change

	(unaudited)
	(in thousands)
Revenues
Subscriptions	$	7,520		61	%	$	8,355		47	%	$	(835	)		(10	%)
License fees		4,593		37	%		9,158		52	%		(4,565	)		(50	%)
Other		274		2	%		114		1	%		160			140	%

Total Revenues	$	12,387		100	%	$	17,627		100	%	$	(5,240	)		(30	%)
Operating expenses
Cost of revenues		9,001		45	%		11,850		32	%		(2,849	)		(24	%)
Advertising and marketing		3,115		15	%		14,768		40	%		(11,653	)		(79	%)
General and administrative		8,059		40	%		10,503		28	%		(2,444	)		(23	%)

Total operating expenses	$	20,175		100	%	$	37,121		100	%	$	(16,946	)		(46	%)

Operating loss		(7,788	)				(19,494	)				11,706			(60	%)
Other income (expense)
Change in fair value of warrant liability		(74	)				3,860					(3,934	)		n/m
Interest and other income (expense)		388					(57	)				445			n/m
Equity method investment loss		(219	)				(156	)				(63	)		40	%

Loss before income taxes	$	(7,693	)			$	(15,847	)			$	8,154			(51	%)

Provision for income taxes		58					45					13			29	%

Net loss	$	(7,751	)			$	(15,892	)			$	8,141			(51	%)

n/m - percentage not meaningful

Revenue

Revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2023, and 2022 was $12.4 million and $17.6 million, respectively. The decrease of $5.2 million, or 30%, is primarily due to decreases of $4.6 million in License Fees revenue and $0.8 million in Subscriptions revenue.

The decrease in Subscriptions revenue resulted primarily from corporate subscriptions related to certain bulk agreements that ended in the third quarter of 2022.

The decrease in License Fees revenue of $4.5 million resulted primarily from a $2.2 million decrease in content licensing arrangements and a decrease of $2.3 million in bundled distribution agreements, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2022.

Operating Expenses

Operating expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2023, and 2022 were $20.2 million and $37.1 million, respectively. The decrease of $17.0 million, or 46%, primarily resulted from the following:

Cost of Revenues: Cost of revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2023, decreased to $9.0 million from $11.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. Cost of revenues primarily includes content amortization, hosting and streaming delivery costs, payment processing costs and distribution fees, commission costs and subtitling and broadcast costs. The decrease of $2.8 million, or 24%, is primarily due to the decrease in content amortization of $3.2 million, which is primarily driven by the decrease in accelerated amortization on certain content licensing arrangements, partially offset by an increase of $0.4 million in foreign language translation and broadcasting fees.

Advertising & Marketing: Advertising and marketing expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2023, decreased to $3.1 million from $14.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. This decrease of $11.7 million, or 79%, is primarily due to reduced digital marketing spending of $4.2 million, radio advertising spending of $4.1 million and television and social media advertising spending of $3.1 million.

General and Administrative: General and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2023 decreased to $8.1 million from $10.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. This decrease of $2.4 million, or 23%, is primarily attributable to a decrease of $1.1 million in salaries and benefits expense, a decrease of $0.5 million in stock based compensation, and a decrease of $0.8 million in various other categories.

Operating Loss

Operating loss for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was $7.8 million and $19.5 million, respectively. The decrease in our operating loss of $11.7 million, or 60%, resulted from the decrease in operating expenses of $16.9 million, or 46%, partially offset by the decrease in revenue of $5.2 million, or 30%,in each case during the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2022, as described above.

Change in Fair Value of Warrant Liability

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company recognized a $0.1 million loss related to the change in fair value of the warrant liability due to an increase in the fair value of the Private Placement Warrants, compared to a gain of $3.9 million recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2022 due to a decrease in the fair value of the Private Placement Warrants.

Interest and Other Income (Expense)

Interest and other income (expense) for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $0.4 million income compared to $0.1 million expense for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The increase is primarily related to an increase in interest income during the current period.

Equity Method Investment Loss

For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded $0.2 million equity method investment loss related to its investments in Spiegel Venture and Nebula.

Provision for Income Taxes

We had a provision for income taxes of $0.1 million in each of the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. The Company’s provision for income taxes differs from the federal statutory rate primarily due to the Company being in a full valuation allowance position and not recognizing a benefit for either federal or state income tax purposes.

Net Loss

Net loss for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was $7.7 million and $15.9 million, respectively. The decrease in our net loss of $8.2 million, or 51%, is primarily due to the decrease in operating expenses of $16.9 million and an increase in interest and other income (expense) of $0.4 million, partially offset by a decrease in revenue of $5.2 million and change in the fair value of warrant liability of $3.9 million.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of March 31, 2023, we had cash and cash equivalents, including restricted cash, of $49.2 million. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, we incurred a net loss of $7.7 million and used $6.3 million of net cash in operating activities, used $0.1 million of net cash in financing activities, while investing activities provided $15.0 million of net cash.

We believe that our current cash levels, including investments in money market funds that are readily convertible to cash, will be adequate to support our ongoing operations, content expenditures, working capital requirements and, if required, additional capital contributions to equity method investees, for at least the next twelve months. We believe that we have access to additional funds in the short-term and the long-term, if needed, through the capital markets to obtain further financing.

Our principal uses of cash are to acquire content, promote our service through advertising and marketing, and provide for working capital to operate our business. We have experienced significant net losses since our inception, and, given the significant operating and capital expenditures associated with our business plan, we anticipate that we will continue to incur net losses.

Cash Flows

The following table presents our cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022:


	Three months ended March 31,
	2023			2022

	(in thousands)
Net cash used in operating activities	$	(6,308	)	$	(12,287	)
Net cash provided by investing activities		14,995			19,773
Net cash used in financing activities		(26	)		(137	)

Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	8,661		$	7,349

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

Cash flows from operating activities primarily consists of net losses, changes to our content assets (including additions and amortization), and other working capital items.

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, and 2022, we recorded a net cash outflow from operating activities of $6.3 million and $12.3 million, respectively, or a decreased outflow of $6.0 million, or 49%.

The net cash outflow used by operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2023, was primarily due to our $7.7 million net loss and $1.4 million of net cash used in changes in operating assets and liabilities, partially offset by $2.8 million addback of non-cash expenses net of content additions. The most significant components of non-cash expenses include amortization of content assets of $5.9 million and stock-based compensation expense of $1.3 million, substantially offset by additions to content assets of $3.7 million and the change in content liabilities of $1.2 million. The components of changes in operating assets and liabilities were primarily attributed to a decrease in accrued expenses and other liabilities of $4.5 million and in deferred revenue of $0.4 million, partially offset by an increase in accounts payable of $1.4 million, a decrease in accounts receivable of $1.1 million and a decrease in other assets of $0.9 million.

The net cash outflow used by operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2022, was primarily due to our $15.9 million net loss, and $12.3 million of non-cash expenses net of content additions, partially offset by $15.9 million in cash provided by changes in operating assets and liabilities. The most significant components of non-cash expenses include content additions of $14.5 million, changes in content liabilities of $5.7 million and changes in the fair value of the warrant liability of $3.9 million, partially offset by amortization of content assets of $9.0 million and stock-based compensation expense of $1.8 million. The components of changes in operating assets and liabilities were primarily attributed to a decrease in accounts receivable of $10.1 million, a decrease in other assets of $2.2 million, an increase in accounts payable of $5.0 million and an increase in deferred revenue of $2.3 million, which were partially offset by a decrease in accrued expenses and other liabilities of $3.7 million.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

Cash flow from investing activities consists of purchases, sales and maturities of investments, business acquisitions and equity investments and purchases of property and equipment.

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, and 2022, we recorded a net cash inflow from investing activities of $15.0 million and $19.8 million, respectively, or a decrease of cash inflow of $4.8 million, or 24%.

The net cash inflow provided by investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2023, was primarily due to maturities of investments in debt securities of $15.0 million.

The net cash inflow provided by investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2022, was primarily due to the sale and maturities of investments in debt securities of $22.1 million, partially offset by purchases of investments in debt securities of $1.5 million and investments in Nebula of $0.8 million.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, we recorded net cash outflow from financing activities of $0.1 million, which is attributable to payments of withholding taxes during the respective periods.

Capital Expenditures

Going forward, we expect to continue making expenditures for additions to our content assets and purchases of property and equipment, although at a slower rate than in previous periods. The amount, timing and allocation of capital expenditures are largely discretionary and within management’s control. Depending on market conditions, we may choose to defer a portion of our budgeted expenditures until later periods to achieve the desired balance between sources and uses of liquidity and prioritize capital projects that we believe have the highest expected returns and potential to generate cash flow. Subject to financing alternatives, we may also increase our capital expenditures significantly to take advantage of opportunities we consider to be attractive.

Off Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of March 31, 2023, we had no off-balance sheet arrangements.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operation is based upon our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Certain amounts included in or affecting the financial statements presented in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and related disclosures must be estimated, requiring management to make assumptions with respect to values or conditions which cannot be known with certainty at the time the financial statements are prepared. Management believes that the accounting policies set forth below comprise the most important “critical accounting policies” for the Company. A critical accounting policy is one which is both important to the portrayal of a company’s financial condition and results of operations and requires management’s most difficult, subjective or complex judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. Management evaluates such policies on an ongoing basis, based upon historical results and experience, consultation with experts and other methods that management considers reasonable in the particular circumstances under which the judgments and estimates are made, as well as management’s forecasts as to the manner in which such circumstances may change in the future.

Content Assets

The Company acquires, licenses and produces content, including original programming, in order to offer customers unlimited viewing of factual entertainment content. The content licenses are for a fixed fee and specific windows of availability. Payments for content, including additions to content assets and the changes in related liabilities, are classified within “Net cash used in operating activities” on the unaudited consolidated statements of cash flows.

The Company recognizes its content assets (licensed and produced) as “Content assets, net” on the unaudited consolidated balance sheets. For licenses, the Company capitalizes the fee per title and records a corresponding liability at the gross amount of the liability when the license period begins, the cost of the title is known, and the title is accepted and available for streaming. For productions, the Company capitalizes costs associated with the production, including development costs, direct costs, and production overhead.

Based on factors including historical and estimated viewing patterns, the Company previously amortized the content assets (licensed and produced) in “Cost of revenues” on the unaudited consolidated statements of operations on a straight-line basis over the shorter of each title’s contractual window of availability or estimated period of use, beginning with the month of first availability. Starting July 1, 2021, the Company amortizes content assets on an accelerated basis in the initial two months after a title is published on the Company’s platform, as the Company has observed and expects more upfront viewing of content, generally as a result of additional marketing efforts. Furthermore, the amortization of original content is more accelerated than that of licensed content. We review factors that impact the amortization of the content assets on a regular basis and the estimates related to these factors require considerable management judgment. The Company continues to review factors impacting the amortization of content assets on an ongoing basis and will also record amortization on an accelerated basis when there is more upfront use of a title, for instance due to significant content licensing.

The Company’s business model is generally subscription based as opposed to a model generating revenues at a specific title level. Content assets (licensed and produced) are predominantly monetized as a group and therefore are reviewed in aggregate at a group level when an event or change in circumstances indicates a change in the expected usefulness of the content or that the fair value may be less than unamortized cost. If such changes are identified, the aggregated content assets will be stated at the lower of unamortized cost or fair value. In addition, unamortized costs for assets that have been, or are expected to be, abandoned are written off.

Revenue recognition

Subscriptions — O&O Service

The Company generates revenue from monthly subscription fees from its O&O Service. CuriosityStream subscribers enter into month-to-month or annual subscriptions with the Company. The Company bills the monthly subscriber on each subscriber’s monthly anniversary date and recognizes the revenue ratably over each monthly membership period. The annual subscription fees are collected by the Company at the start of the annual subscription period and are recognized ratably over the subsequent twelve-month period. Revenues are presented net of the taxes that are collected from subscribers and remitted to governmental authorities.

Subscriptions — App Services

The Company also earns subscription revenues through its App Services. These subscriptions are similar to the O&O Service subscriptions, but are generated based on agreements with certain streaming media players as well as with Smart TV brands and gaming consoles. Under these agreements, the streaming media player typically bills the subscriber directly and then remits the collected subscriptions to the Company, net of a distribution fee. The Company recognizes the gross subscription revenues when earned and simultaneously recognizes the corresponding distribution fees as an expense. The Company is the principal in these relationships as the Company retains control over service delivery to its subscribers.

License Fees — Partner Direct and Bundled Distribution

The Company generates license fee revenues from MVPDs such as Comcast and Cox as well as from vMVPDs such as Amazon and Sling TV (MVPDs and vMVPDs are also referred to as affiliates). Under the terms of the agreements with these affiliates, the Company receives license fees based upon contracted programming rates and subscriber levels reported by the affiliates. In exchange, the Company licenses its content to the affiliates for distribution to their subscribers. The Company earns revenue under these agreements either based on the total number of subscribers multiplied by rates specified in the agreements or based on fixed fee arrangements. These revenues are recognized over the term of each agreement when earned.

License Fees — Content Licensing

The Company has distribution agreements which grant a licensee limited distribution rights to the Company’s programs for varying terms, generally in exchange for a fixed license fee. Revenue is recognized once the content is made available for the licensee to use.

The Company’s performance obligations include (1) access to its SVOD platform via the Company’s O&O Service and App Services, (2) access to the Company’s content assets, and (3) licenses of specific program titles. In contracts containing the right to access the Company SVOD platform, the performance obligation is satisfied as access to the SVOD platform is provided post any free trial period. In contracts which contain access to the Company’s content assets, the performance obligation is satisfied as access to the content is provided. For contracts with licenses of specific program titles, the performance obligation is satisfied as that content is made available for the customer to use.

Recently Adopted Financial Accounting Standards

The information set forth under Note 2 to the unaudited consolidated financial statements under the caption “Basis of presentation and summary of significant accounting policies” is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Not applicable.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in our reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) are recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the specified time periods in the rules and forms of the SEC, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Our management, with the participation of the CEO and the CFO, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) promulgated under the Exchange Act) as of March 31, 2023. Based on these evaluations, our CEO and the CFO concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2023.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Our management is required to evaluate, with the participation of our CEO and our CFO, any changes in internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during each fiscal quarter that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended March 31, 2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

From time to time, we may become involved in legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of our business. We are not presently a party to any legal proceedings that, if determined adversely to us, we believe would individually or in the aggregate have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

Factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are any of the risks described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 31, 2023. Any of these factors could result in a significant or material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition. Additional risk factors not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also impair our business or results of operations.

There have been no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed under the heading “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 31, 2023.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not Applicable.

Item 5. Other Information.

None.

Item 6. Exhibits

The following exhibits are filed as part of, or incorporated by reference into, this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Incorporated By Reference

Exhibit No.

Description

Form

File No.

Exhibit

Filing Date

Filed/Furnished
Herewith

31.1

Certification of the Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

31.2

Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32.1*

Certification of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

101. INS**

Inline XBRL Instance Document

101. SCH

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101. CAL

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

101. LAB

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

101. PRE

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

101. DEF

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

104

Cover Page Interactive Data File (as formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

This document is being furnished with this Form 10-Q. This certification is deemed not filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act, or the Exchange Act.

**	The instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.

SIGNATURES

In accordance with the requirements of the Exchange Act, the registrant caused this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.


	CURIOSITYSTREAM INC.

Date: May 11, 2023	By:	/s/ Clint Stinchcomb
	Name:	Clint Stinchcomb
	Title:	President and Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)

Date: May 11, 2023	By:	/s/ Peter Westley
	Name:	Peter Westley
	Title:	Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
		(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

Positive
Negative
Uncertain
Constraining
Legalese
Litigous
Readability	H.S. sophomore Avg

Large accelerated filer

Accelerated filer

Non-accelerated
filer

Smaller reporting company

Emerging growth company