N-2 | Oct. 02, 2023 USD ($) |
Cover [Abstract] | | |
Entity Central Index Key | 0001777529 | |
Amendment Flag | false | |
Document Type | 424B3 | |
Entity Registrant Name | ALPHA ALTERNATIVE ASSETS FUND | |
Fee Table [Abstract] | | |
Shareholder Transaction Expenses [Table Text Block] | Shareholder Transaction Expenses Class A Shares Class I Shares Maximum Sales Load (as a percent of offering price) 5.00% None | |
Other Transaction Expenses [Abstract] | | |
Annual Expenses [Table Text Block] | Annual Expenses (as a percentage of net assets attributable to shares) Management Fees 1.50% 1.50% Distribution and Shareholder Servicing Fees 0.25% 0.00% Other Expenses 4.86% 4.86% Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses (1)(2) 0.05% 0.05% Total Annual Expenses 6.66% 6.41% Fee Waiver and Reimbursement (3) (3.96)% (3.96)% Total Annual Expenses (after fee waiver and reimbursement) 2.70% 2.45% 1 Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses are based on estimates for the current fiscal year. Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses are the indirect costs of investing in other investment companies, including business development companies. These indirect costs may include performance fees paid to the acquired fund’s adviser or its affiliates. It does not include brokerage or transaction costs incurred by the acquired funds. The operating expenses in this fee table will not correlate to the expense ratio in the Fund’s Financial Highlights because the financial statements include only the direct operating expenses incurred by the Fund. Therefore, amounts may not agree with the Financial Highlights due to the inclusions in this table of Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses and certain other adjustments. 2 Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses may include an incentive allocation or other fee based on income, capital gains and/or appreciation (a “performance fee”) payable to the acquired fund’s adviser or its affiliates. While the amount of such incentive allocation or other fees vary by acquired fund, performance fees, if charged, are commonly 20% of the acquired fund’s profits. Acquired funds’ fees and expenses are based on estimates for the current fiscal year; and future acquired funds’ fees and expenses may be substantially higher or lower because certain fees are based on the performance of the acquired funds, which may fluctuate over time. 3 The Adviser and the Fund have entered into an Expense Limitation Agreement under which the Adviser has agreed, until at least January 31, 2024, to waive its management fees and to pay or absorb the ordinary annual operating expenses of the Fund and the organizational and offering expenses of the Fund (excluding interest, dividends, amortization/accretion and interest on securities sold short, brokerage commissions, acquired fund fees and expenses, distribution and shareholder servicing fees, and extraordinary expenses), to the extent that its management fees plus the Fund’s expenses exceed 2.40% per annum of the Fund’s average daily net assets attributable to Class I Shares and Class A Shares. Such Expense Limitation Agreement may not be terminated by the Adviser, but it may be terminated by the Board of Trustees, upon 60 days written notice to the Adviser. Any waiver or reimbursement by the Adviser is subject to repayment by the Fund within the three (3) years from the date the Adviser waived any payment or reimbursed any expense, if the Fund is able to make the repayment without exceeding the lesser of the expense limitation in place at the time of the waiver or the current expense limitation and the repayment is approved by the Board of Trustees. See “Management of the Fund.” | |
Other Annual Expenses [Abstract] | | |
Expense Example [Table Text Block] | Share Class 1 Year 3 Years 5 Years 10 Years Class A Shares $ 26 $ 153 $ 276 $ 567 Class I Shares $ 25 $ 154 $ 280 $ 580 | |
Basis of Transaction Fees, Note [Text Block] | (as a percent of offering price) | |
Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses, Note [Text Block] | Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses are based on estimates for the current fiscal year. Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses are the indirect costs of investing in other investment companies, including business development companies. These indirect costs may include performance fees paid to the acquired fund’s adviser or its affiliates. It does not include brokerage or transaction costs incurred by the acquired funds. The operating expenses in this fee table will not correlate to the expense ratio in the Fund’s Financial Highlights because the financial statements include only the direct operating expenses incurred by the Fund. Therefore, amounts may not agree with the Financial Highlights due to the inclusions in this table of Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses and certain other adjustments. | |
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | | |
Investment Objectives and Practices [Text Block] | INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES, POLICIES AND STRATEGIES Investment Objectives and Policies The Fund’s investment objective is current income and long-term capital appreciation. This investment objective may be changed without a vote of the Fund’s shareholders. Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its net assets (plus any borrowings for investment purposes), in alternative assets. The Fund defines alternative assets as securities and other financial instruments that are alternatives to traditional stocks and bonds, including (i) those issued by BDCs, limited partnerships, limited liability companies, MLPs, private companies, private funds, and REITs and other real estate related companies, and (ii) instruments commonly known as asset backed securities, bank debt, CDOs, CLOs, equipment trust certificates, private debt, royalties and structured products. The Adviser’s Strategy The Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing primarily in “longevity-based assets.” Longevity-based assets include financial instruments across a range of asset types, qualities, and sectors that produce returns contingent upon (i) the continued aging of the U.S. and global population, and (ii) individual life expectancies within the 70+ age cohort. Specifically, longevity-based assets consist primarily of derivatives of life insurance and annuity policies known as life settlements and structured settlements; a broader definition includes equity and debt securities of life insurance companies; pharmaceutical and medical patent royalties; and real estate based assets including reverse mortgages and tax liens (lending products used by homeowners as they age), real estate lending secured by senior housing, assisted living facilities, hospitals and other geriatric specific healthcare facilities. The Fund may gain exposure to longevity-based assets by investing in structured products that provide returns based on the performance of underlying portfolios of (i) life settlements, (ii) structured settlements and (iii) pharmaceutical and drug company royalties; real estate; private debt; public securities; and limited partnerships. The creation of these structured products involves the pooling of multiple life settlements or structured settlements into a legal entity, which entity owns the portfolio of life settlements or settlement contracts and has been created and is sponsored by someone other than the Adviser. The Fund does not purchase individual life insurance policies, life settlements, or structured settlements. The Fund invests in securities of issuers without restriction as to market capitalization, credit quality, structure or maturity. The majority of the Fund’s investments will be in investments that are not publicly traded or are traded in over-the-counter markets that have less liquidity than exchange-traded securities. Consequently, at any time, the majority of the Fund’s investments will be illiquid. In addition, the debt securities that the Fund invests in may be below-investment grade (commonly known as “junk”) or unrated by rating agencies. The Fund intends to concentrate its investments (i.e., under normal circumstances, invest 25% or more of its total assets) in the insurance industry. The Fund intends to only invest up to 20% of its assets in public securities. The Fund may invest up to 25% of its total assets in its Cayman Islands based Subsidiary. The Subsidiary will invest primarily in financial instruments that are not easily defined as qualifying income producing securities for purposes of RIC qualification. When viewed on a consolidated basis, the Subsidiary is subject to the same principal investment strategies, risks and investment restrictions as the Fund, the Fund will consolidate the Subsidiary for purposes of financial statements, leverage and concentration. The Fund and the Subsidiary will test for compliance with applicable investment restrictions, such as capital structure and leverage requirements, on a consolidated basis and comply with investment policy disclosure requirements under the 1940 Act on a similar basis. The Subsidiary's advisory contracts will be subject to the same regulatory review by the Board applicable to the Fund's contracts. The Subsidiary also is subject to the Fund's compliance program. The Section 17 requirements (e.g., transactions involving affiliated persons, custody requirements) are covered by the Fund's compliance program. The Fund's Subsidiary, under management by the Adviser, is subject to the Section 17 requirements as addressed by the compliance program to the same extent as the Fund. The custodian of the Subsidiary's assets is UMB Bank, N.A. The Sub-Adviser’s Strategy The strategy of the Sub-Adviser is to complement the overall objectives of the Fund by (1) holding liquid securities that can be easily sold to meet the Fund’s quarterly repurchase offer requirement – see “Quarterly Repurchases of Shares;” (2) immediately deploying any new cash raised by the Fund, pending identification of, and investment in, longevity based assets; and (3) assisting the Fund in meeting its diversification tests. The Sub-Adviser will invest in a diversified portfolio of liquid securities that provide yield to the Fund, including without limitation corporate debt, structured products, municipal bonds, bank debt and preferred stock. In selecting investments for this portion of the portfolio, the Sub-Adviser will focus on investments that pay cash interest or a cash dividend. The Fund, with respect to the portion of the portfolio managed by the Sub-Adviser, may employ leverage, including borrowing from banks, in an amount of up to 33-1/3% of the Fund’s assets (defined as net assets plus borrowings). Portfolio Composition The Fund may invest in the following types of securities, subject to certain limitations as set forth below. The Fund is under no obligation to invest in any of these securities. Structured Products Structured products are generally securities whose value is derived from, or based on, a reference asset, market measure or investment strategy. The Fund invests in debt or equity structured products whose value is derived from longevity based assets, including life settlements, structured settlements, and medical and pharma patent royalties. The creation of these structured products involves the pooling of multiple life settlement contracts or structured settlements into a legal entity that was created and sponsored by a party unaffiliated with the Fund, which entity owns the portfolio of life settlements or structured settlement contracts. The Fund may hold an equity ownership interest in the unaffiliated legal entity, or make a loan to the unaffiliated legal entity, but will not have both an equity and debt interest in a single entity. Structured products are subject to interest rate, default and other risks generally associated with fixed-income securities and asset-backed securities. The Fund may have the right to receive payments only from the structured product, and generally does not have direct rights against the issuer or the entity that sold the underlying assets. While certain structured products enable the investor to acquire interests in a pool of securities without the brokerage and other expenses associated with directly holding the same securities, investors in structured products generally pay their share of the structured product’s administrative and other expenses. Structured products are typically privately offered and sold, and thus, are not registered under the securities laws. As a result, investments in certain structured products or other asset-backed securities may be characterized by the Fund as illiquid securities. The activities of the issuers of certain structured products will be directed by a manager. In the Fund’s capacity as holder of interests in such a structured product, the Fund is generally not able to make decisions with respect to the management, disposition or other realization of any investment, or other decisions regarding the business and affairs, of the structured product. Consequently, the success of the securitizations in will depend, in part, on the financial and managerial expertise of the manager. Life Settlement Investments The Fund invests in structured products that are tied to a portfolio of life settlements. Life settlements are the transfers of the beneficial interest in a life insurance policy by the underlying insured person to a third party. The third party will generally purchase the beneficial interest in a life insurance policy for more than its cash surrender value but at a discount to its face value (i.e., the payment amount set forth in the life insurance policy that is payable on the death of the insured or upon maturity of the life insurance policy). After purchase, the third party will be responsible for premiums payable on the life insurance policy and will be entitled to receive the full face value from the insurance company upon maturation (i.e., upon the death of the insured). Accordingly, if the third party is unable to make premium payments on a purchased life insurance policy due to liquidity issues or for any other reason, the policy will lapse, and the third party will lose its ownership interest in the policy. Although the Fund does not invest directly in individual life settlements, the Fund is indirectly exposed to certain risks involved in purchasing life settlements, including inaccurate estimations of life expectancy of the insured individuals, liquidity risk, credit risk of the insurance company, risks of any policies purchased being unenforceable and risks of adverse regulatory and legal changes. Such legal challenges may include the heirs of an insured challenging a particular life settlement. The actual rate of return on an individual life settlement policy cannot be calculated before the insured dies and the longer the insured lives, the lower the rate of return on the related life settlement policy will be. The Fund does not expect to have access to private health information about individual insureds, however, current privacy laws may limit the information available to actuary services used by the Fund about insureds and may cause such actuaries to inaccurately estimate the value of particular policies, or a group of policies in the aggregate. The inability predict with certainty the life expectancies of the pool of underlying insured persons tied to life settlement policies that make up any particular structured product that the Fund invests in, may cause unanticipated delays in the collection of policy payouts. Structured products tied to an underlying pool of life settlements are also generally considered illiquid because there is a limited secondary market for such products. Accordingly, the Fund may be limited in its ability to sell a structured product in its portfolio in a timely fashion and/or at a favorable price. In addition, if a life insurance company declares bankruptcy or otherwise is insolvent, there may not be sufficient funds for it to pay its liability, and while many states have an insurance guarantee fund to provide payments to beneficiaries of insurance companies that declare bankruptcy, the collection process can be prolonged and complicated, and collection may not be possible in all circumstances. Individual life settlement policies may also be subject to contest by the issuing life insurance company. If the insurance company successfully contests a policy, the policy will be rescinded and declared void. For example, insurers may refuse to pay benefits on certain life insurance policies on the basis that there was no “insurable interest” on the part of the purchaser of a life insurance policy at the time such policy was issued. Recently the issue of a lack of insurable interest has been raised by insurers and beneficiaries of irrevocable life insurance trusts, in the context of so-called “stranger originated life insurance” policies. It is possible that courts may void certain life settlement policies for these or other reasons. The market for life settlement policies may also be subject to new government regulation that may impact the ability of third parties to obtain life settlement policies. Insurance companies may seek regulation or changes of law restricting or otherwise encumbering the transfer of life insurance policies in life settlement policy transactions. No assurance can be made that insurance companies will not be successful in limiting the supply of life insurance policies available for purchase in life settlement policy transactions. Securitized Annuity Contracts/Structured Settlements A structured settlement is either a payment agreement or an annuity designed to compensate a successful plaintiff in a lawsuit. Instead of receiving a lump sum payment, the plaintiff agrees to periodic payments over a fixed time. These periodic payments (amount and timing) are generally based on the life expectancy of the individual plaintiff. In a structured settlement, the defendant either signs an agreement to make such payments directly or purchases an annuity (usually from an insurance company) payable to the plaintiff. At any time after the settlement has been structured, the plaintiff can convert the structured settlement into a lump sum of cash by assigning their rights to receive the cash flows to a third party (usually a specialty finance company that focuses on this market). This third party usually purchases the payment streams outright at a discounted net present value, and once a sufficient number of structured settlements have been amassed, the sponsor may seek to transfer them into a special-purpose vehicle (“SPV”) for securitization. In structuring a securitization, the specialty finance company or the sponsor will engage an underwriter to structure debt to be issued by the SPV. A rating agency will generally review a wide range of information to rate the debt offering, including the composition of the pool of assets and individual characteristics of each asset, an assessment of the default risk of each asset in the pool, a review of the servicer’s operating history, and analysis of the legal structure of the proposed securitization. Once the structure is assigned a rating, the SPV issues rated debt to investors and use the proceeds to purchase the structured settlements from the sponsor. The payment streams from the structured settlements are used to pay the SPV investors. The transactions and legal process involved in the origination, transfer and servicing of structured settlements occurs in the context of a highly regulated legal environment. Relevant laws and regulations are subject to constant change. Law and professional regulation (including ethics regulations) associated with acquiring or otherwise taking a financial position or commercial interest with respect to a lawsuit is particularly complex and uncertain. For example, certain jurisdictions prohibit or restrict purchasing claims from claimants in litigation, assigning certain kinds of claims, and/or participating in a lawyer’s contingent fee interests (including ethical rules against sharing fees with lawyers and non-lawyers). Further, disclosure of certain details regarding the actual underlying claims to the settlement agreements are not permitted by law or professional codes of conduct, and as such, parties involved in the origination, transfer and servicing of settlement agreements may not be aware of certain pertinent information when evaluating the agreement as an investment. Federal and state tax legislation, bankruptcy considerations, Uniform Commercial Code provisions and case law involving contractual anti-assignment clauses, among other legal factors give rise to risks which could adversely affect an issuers ownership of the structured settlement or the Fund’s ability to collect the scheduled payments relating to the contract. In certain jurisdictions, a purchaser of settlement payments must be specifically registered as such with the state. Failure to properly register under relevant state laws may result in several consequences, including voiding of the assignment of settlement proceeds, tax liability and breach of contract actions. Settlement agreements may have anti-assignment clauses, which, in most cases have been enforced in the majority of jurisdictions that have considered the issue. Further, in the event that any party to the contract or other related party becomes insolvent or seeks protection under federal or state bankruptcy/insolvency laws, the payments to which the Fund is entitled to could be delayed or reduced. Settlement agreements are also subject to credit risk, which is the risk that the adverse party in the claim (or its insurance company or claims payor) will become unable to meet its obligations to satisfy a particular judgement or settlement. Pharmaceutical and Patent Royalties A pharmaceutical or patent royalty is compensation paid to the owner of a patent for use of that patent. The Fund may invest in structured products that are tied to pharmaceutical and patent royalty streams, such as bankruptcy remote special purpose entities whose underlying assets are royalty license agreements and intellectual property rights related to a medical product or particular drug. Royalty securities may include bonds, loans and equity issued by the special purpose entity. Healthcare and pharmaceutical companies are highly regulated and frequently the subjects of litigation. Royalty streams from medical and drug patents are based on sales revenues, so a change in regulations, enforcement, or the litigation landscape could greatly impact revenue streams. Further, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) continuously reviews drugs and their manufacturers and has the authority to mandate the removal of a drug from the market. The Fund may gain exposure to medical and drug patent royalties through structured products that include direct royalties, as well as royalty-based debt and credit. In addition, the Fund may invest in securities of issuers whose main source of revenue is medical and drug patent royalties. Structured products that derive income from medical and drug patent royalties are subject to various risks, including pricing pressures, insufficient demand, product competition, failure of clinical trials, lack of market acceptance, loss of patent protection, and other factors related to the failure of development-stage products to reach the market. Future income derived from medical and drug patent royalties is based upon assumptions specific to an anticipated royalty stream, and a failure to accurately predict such streams may lead to a risk of loss or lower than expected returns. In a typical structure in the pharmaceutical industry, a small pharmaceutical company that develops a compound may license the commercial opportunity to a large-cap pharmaceutical company in exchange for payments upon completion of certain milestones (for example, FDA approval) and a percentage of future product sales. Upon securing the right to receive royalties on product sales, the small pharmaceutical company finances a loan or bond secured by the royalty stream, which is typically non-recourse to either of the pharmaceutical companies. In addition, a company, the sponsor, may create a wholly owned subsidiary, the issuer, that issues the royalty securities. The sponsor sells, assigns and contributes to the issuer rights under one or more license agreements, including the right to receive royalties and certain other payments from sales of the pharmaceutical or other products. The sponsor also pledges the equity ownership interests in the issuer to the trustee under the indenture related to the notes. In return, the sponsor receives the proceeds of the securities from the issuer. The issuer of the securities grants a security interest in its assets to the trustee and is responsible for the debt service on the notes. An interest reserve account may be established to provide a source for payments should there be a cash flow shortfall for one or more periods. Many structures include a 100% cash flow sweep, which means that the principal is paid down by all cash flows received. Although the notes may have a legal maturity date of up to five to sixteen years from issuance, the expected weighted average maturity of the notes may be significantly shorter because of expected required principal repayments if funds are available. If the issuer of the loan or bond defaults, any recourse will be limited to the issuer (which is formed for the limited purpose of purchasing and holding the license agreement or related intellectual property) and the collateral. The pharmaceutical or other company sponsoring the special purpose entity will generally not have the obligation to contribute additional equity to the issuer. If the sponsor of the issuer were to become a debtor in a bankruptcy case, a creditor, debtor in possession or trustee could request that the bankruptcy court substantively consolidate the issuer of the royalty security with the sponsor and/or recharacterize the transaction pursuant to which the royalty stream was transferred to the issuer and/or take other actions challenging the transaction. To the extent that these efforts are successful, these actions may adversely impact the investments held by the Fund. Senior Loans Companies use loans to finance internal growth, acquisitions, mergers, stock purchases, or for other corporate purposes. Senior loans (i.e., first lien loans) hold the most senior position in the capital structure of a corporation, partnership or other business entity (a “Borrower”). Senior loans are often secured with specific collateral and have a claim on the assets and/or stock of the Borrower that is senior to that held by unsecured creditors, subordinated debt holders and stockholders of the Borrower. The proceeds of senior loans primarily are used to refinance existing debt and for acquisitions, dividends, leveraged buyouts, and general corporate purposes. Such loans often provide for restrictive covenants designed to limit the activities of the Borrower in an effort to protect the right of lenders to receive timely payments of interest on and repayment of principal of the loans. Such covenants may include restrictions on dividend payments, specific mandatory minimum financial ratios, limits on total debt and other financial tests. In addition, such loans often requirement mandatory prepayments from excess cash flow, asset dispositions and offerings of debt and/or equity securities. Interest rates on senior loans may be fixed or may float periodically. On floating rate senior loans, the interest rates typically are adjusted based on a base rate plus a premium or spread over the base rate. The base rate usually is a standard inter-bank offered rate, such as LIBOR, the prime rate offered by one or more major U.S. banks, or the certificate of deposit rate or other base lending rates used by commercial lenders. Floating rate senior loans may adjust over different time periods, including daily, monthly, quarterly, semi-annually or annually. The Fund may use interest rate swaps and other investment practices to shorten the effective interest rate adjustment period of floating rate senior loans or to adjust the overall interest rate exposure of the Fund. When interest rates rise, the values of fixed-rate income instruments generally decline. When interest rates fall, the values of fixed-rate income instruments generally increase. The prices of floating rate senior loans tend to have less fluctuation in response to changes in interest rates, but will have some fluctuation, particularly when the next interest rate adjustment on such security is further away in time or adjustments are limited in amount over time. For floating rate senior loans, interest payable to the Fund from its investments in senior loans should increase as short-term interest rates increase, and as short-term interest rates decrease, interest payable to the Fund from its investments in senior loans should decrease. Longer interest rate reset periods generally increase fluctuations in the Fund’s NAV as a result of changes in market interest rates. Senior loans are subject to the risk of non-payment of scheduled interest or principal. Such non-payment would result in a reduction of income to the Fund, a reduction in the value of the investment and a potential decrease in the NAV of the Fund. There can be no assurance that the liquidation of any collateral securing a senior loan would satisfy the Borrower’s obligation in the event of non-payment of scheduled interest or principal payments, or that such collateral could be readily liquidated. In the event of bankruptcy or insolvency of a Borrower, the Fund could experience delays or limitations with respect to its ability to realize the benefits of the collateral securing a senior loan. The collateral securing a senior loan may lose all or substantially all of its value in the event of the bankruptcy or insolvency of a Borrower. Senior loans may not be rated by a rating agency. The amount of public information available with respect to senior loans will generally be less extensive than that available for registered or exchange-listed securities. In evaluating the creditworthiness of Borrowers, the Adviser will consider, and may rely in part, on analyses performed by others. To the extent that they are rated by a rating agency, many of the senior loans in which the Fund will invest will have been assigned below investment grade ratings by independent rating agencies. In the event senior loans are not rated, they are likely to be the equivalent of below investment grade quality. The Adviser does not view ratings as the determinative factor in their investment decisions and rely more upon their credit analysis abilities than upon ratings. Senior loans generally are not registered with the SEC, or any state securities commission, and are not listed on any national securities exchange. There is less readily available or reliable information about most senior loans than is the case for many other types of securities, including securities issued in transactions registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), or registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). No active trading market may exist for some senior loans, and some senior loans may be subject to restrictions on resale. A secondary market may be subject to irregular trading activity, wide bid/ask spreads and extended trade settlement periods, which may impair the Fund’s ability to realize full value and thus cause a material decline in the Fund’s NAV. In addition, the Fund may not be able to readily dispose of its senior loans at prices that approximate those at which the Fund could sell such loans if they were more widely traded and, as a result of such illiquidity, the Fund may have to sell other investments or engage in borrowing transactions if necessary to raise cash to meet its obligations. During periods of limited supply and liquidity of senior loans, the Fund’s yield may be lower. The floating or variable rate feature of most senior loans is a significant difference from typical fixed-income investments that carry significant interest rate risk. To the extent the Fund invests in variable rate senior loans, the Fund can normally be expected to have less significant interest rate-related fluctuations in its NAV per share than investment companies investing primarily in fixed-income instruments (other than money market funds and some short-term bond funds). When interest rates decline, the value of a fixed-income portfolio can normally be expected to rise. Conversely, when interest rates rise, the value of a fixed-income portfolio can normally be expected to decline. Although the income available to the Fund will vary, the Adviser expects the Fund’s policy of acquiring interests in floating rate senior loans may reduce fluctuations in NAV of the Fund resulting from changes in market interest rates. However, because floating or variable rates on senior loans only reset periodically, changes in prevailing interest rates can be expected to cause some fluctuations in the Fund’s NAV. Similarly, a sudden and significant increase in market interest rates may cause a decline in the Fund’s NAV. A material decline in the Fund’s NAV may impair the Fund’s ability to maintain required levels of asset coverage. Other factors (including, but not limited to, rating downgrades, credit deterioration, a large downward movement in stock prices, a disparity in supply and demand of certain securities or market conditions that reduce liquidity) can reduce the value of senior loans and other debt obligations, impairing the Fund’s NAV. The Fund may purchase and retain in its portfolio senior loans where the Borrower has experienced, or may be perceived to be likely to experience, credit problems, including involvement in or recent emergence from bankruptcy court proceedings or other forms of debt restructuring. Such investments may provide opportunities for enhanced income as well as capital appreciation, although they also will be subject to greater risk of loss. At times, in connection with the restructuring of a senior loan either outside of bankruptcy court or in the context of bankruptcy court proceedings, the Fund may determine or be required to accept equity securities or junior credit securities in exchange for all or a portion of a senior loan. The Adviser may use an independent pricing service or prices provided by dealers to value loans and other credit securities at their market value. The Adviser will use the fair value method to value senior loans or other securities if market quotations for them are not readily available or are deemed unreliable. A security that is fair valued may be valued at a price higher or lower than actual market quotations or the value determined by other funds using their own fair valuation procedures. Subordinated and Unsecured or Partially Secured Loans Unsecured loans or subordinated loans are made by public and private corporations and other non-governmental entities and issuers for a variety of purposes. Unsecured loans generally have lower priority in right of payment compared to holders of secured debt of the Borrower. Unsecured loans are not secured by a security interest or lien to or on specified collateral securing the Borrower’s obligation under the loan. Unsecured loans by their terms may be or may become subordinate in right of payment to other obligations of the borrower, including senior loans and other secured loans. Unsecured loans may have fixed or adjustable floating rate interest payments. Because unsecured loans are subordinate to the secured debt of the borrower, they present a greater degree of investment risk but often pay interest at higher rates reflecting this additional risk. Such investments generally are of below investment grade quality. Other than their subordinated and unsecured status, such investments have many characteristics and risks similar to senior loans and other secured loans discussed above. In addition, unsecured loans of below investment grade quality share many of the risk characteristics of non-investment grade bonds. As in the case of secured loans, the Fund may purchase interests in unsecured loans through assignments or participations. Unsecured loans are subject to the same risks associated with investment in senior loans and other secured loans and non-investment grade bonds. However, because unsecured loans rank lower in right of payment to any secured obligations of the borrower, they may be subject to additional risk that the cash flow of the borrower and available assets may be insufficient to meet scheduled payments after giving effect to the secured obligations of the borrower. Unsecured loans are also expected to have greater price volatility than secured loans and may be less liquid. Second lien loans are generally second in line in terms of repayment priority. A second lien loan may have a claim on the same collateral pool as the first lien or it may be secured by a separate set of assets. Second lien loans generally give investors priority over general unsecured creditors in the event of an asset sale. The priority of the collateral claims of third or lower lien loans ranks below holders of second lien loans and so on. Such junior loans are subject to the same general risks inherent to any loan investment, including credit risk, market | |
Risk Factors [Table Text Block] | RISK FACTORS An investment in the Fund’s shares is subject to risks. The value of the Fund’s investments will increase or decrease based on changes in the prices of the investments it holds. This will cause the value of the Fund’s shares to increase or decrease. You could lose money by investing in the Fund. By itself, the Fund does not constitute a complete investment program. Before investing in the Fund you should consider carefully the following risks the Fund faces, together with the other information contained in the Prospectus. If any of these risks discussed in this Prospectus occurs, the Fund’s results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. There may be additional risks that the Fund does not currently foresee or consider material. You may wish to consult with your legal or tax advisers before deciding whether to invest in the Fund. Closed-End Structure Risk The Fund is a closed-end investment company. It is designed for long-term investors and not as a trading vehicle. Investment Risk An investment in the Fund involves a considerable amount of risk. Before making an investment decision, a prospective investor should (i) consider the suitability of this investment with respect to his, her or its investment objectives and personal situation and (ii) consider factors such as his, her or its personal net worth, income, age, risk tolerance and liquidity needs. An investment in the Fund’s shares is subject to investment risk, including the possible loss of the entire principal amount invested. An investment in the Fund’s shares represents an indirect investment in the portfolio of loans and fixed-income instruments, short positions and other securities and derivative instruments owned by the Fund, and the value of these securities and instruments may fluctuate, sometimes rapidly and unpredictably, and such investment is subject to investment risk, including the possible loss of the entire principal amount invested. At any point in time, an investment in the Fund’s shares may be worth less than the original amount invested, even after taking into account distributions paid by the Fund and the ability of shareholders to reinvest dividends. The Fund may also use leverage, which would magnify the Fund’s investment, market and certain other risks. Market Risk and Geopolitical Risk The Fund may be materially affected by market, economic and political conditions globally and in the jurisdictions and sectors in which it invests or operates, including factors affecting interest rates, the availability of credit, currency exchange rates and trade barriers. These factors are outside the Adviser’s control and could adversely affect the liquidity and value of the Fund’s investments, and may reduce the ability of the Fund to make attractive new investments. In particular, economic and financial market conditions began to significantly deteriorate around 2007 as compared to prior periods. Global financial markets experienced considerable declines in the valuations of debt and equity securities, an acute contraction in the availability of credit and the failure of a number of leading financial institutions. As a result, certain government bodies and central banks worldwide, including the U.S. Treasury Department and the U.S. Federal Reserve, undertook unprecedented intervention programs, the effects of which remain uncertain. The U.S. economy has experienced and continues to experience relatively high levels of unemployment and constrained lending. Although certain financial markets have shown some recent signs of the improvement, to the extent economic conditions experienced over the last five years continue, they may adversely impact the investments of the Fund. Low interest rates related to monetary stimulus and economic stagnation may also negatively impact expected returns on investments in such an environment. Trends and historical events do not imply, forecast or predict future events and past performance is not necessarily indicative of future results. There can be no assurance that the assumptions made or the beliefs and expectations currently held by the Adviser will prove correct, and actual events and circumstances may vary significantly. The Fund may be subject to risk arising from a default by one of several large institutions that are dependent on one another to meet their liquidity or operational needs, so that a default by one institution may cause a series of defaults by the other institutions. This is sometimes referred to as “systemic risk” and may adversely affect financial intermediaries, such as clearing agencies, clearing houses, banks, securities firms and exchanges, with which the Fund interacts on a daily basis. In addition, the Fund is subject to the risk that geopolitical and other events will disrupt the economy on a national or global level. For instance, war, terrorism, market manipulation, government defaults, government shutdowns, political changes or diplomatic developments, public health emergencies (such as the spread of infectious diseases, pandemics and epidemics), natural/environmental disasters and climate change and climate related events can all negatively impact the securities markets, which could cause the Fund to lose value. The current novel coronavirus (COVID-19) global pandemic and the aggressive responses taken by many governments, including closing borders, restricting international and domestic travel, and the imposition of prolonged quarantines or similar restrictions, as well as the forced or voluntary closure of, or operational changes to, many retail and other businesses, have had negative impacts, and in many cases severe negative impacts, on markets worldwide. It is not known how long such impacts, or any future impacts of other significant events described above, will or would last, but there could be a prolonged period of global economic slowdown, which may negatively impact the performance of the Fund’s investments or decrease the liquidity of those investments. Therefore, the Fund could lose money over short periods due to short-term market movements and over longer periods during more prolonged market downturns. Structured Products Risk The Fund may invest in structured products. Holders of structured products bear risks of the underlying investments, index or reference obligation and are subject to counterparty risk. The Fund may have the right to receive payments only from the structured product, and generally does not have direct rights against the issuer or the entity that sold the assets to be securitized. While certain structured products enable the investor to acquire interests in a pool of securities without the brokerage and other expenses associated with directly holding the same securities, investors in structured products generally pay their share of the structured product’s administrative and other expenses. Although it is difficult to predict whether the prices of indices and securities underlying structured products will rise or fall, these prices (and, therefore, the prices of structured products) will be influenced by the same types of political and economic events that affect issuers of securities and capital markets generally. If the issuer of a structured product uses shorter term financing to purchase longer term securities, the issuer may be forced to sell its securities at below market prices if it experiences difficulty in obtaining short-term financing, which may adversely affect the value of the structured products owned by the Fund. Certain structured products may be thinly traded or have a limited trading market, and others are privately offered and sold. Life Settlement Risk The Fund invests in structured products that are tied to a portfolio of life settlements. Life settlements are the transfers of the beneficial interest in a life insurance policy by the underlying insured person to a third party. The third party will generally purchase the beneficial interest in a life insurance policy for more than its cash surrender value but at a discount to its face value (i.e., the payment amount set forth in the life insurance policy that is payable on the death of the insured or upon maturity of the life insurance policy). After purchase, the third party will be responsible for premiums payable on the life insurance policy and will be entitled to receive the full face value from the insurance company upon maturation (i.e., upon the death of the insured). Accordingly, if the third party is unable to make premium payments on a purchased life insurance policy due to liquidity issues or for any other reason, the policy will lapse, and the third party will lose its ownership interest in the policy. Although the Fund does not invest directly in individual life settlements, the Fund is indirectly exposed to certain risks involved in purchasing life settlements, including inaccurate estimations of life expectancy of the insured individuals, liquidity risk, credit risk of the insurance company, risks of any policies purchased being unenforceable and risks of adverse regulatory and legal changes. Such legal challenges may include the heirs of an insured challenging a particular life settlement. The actual rate of return on an individual life settlement policy cannot be calculated before the insured dies and the longer the insured lives, the lower the rate of return on the related life settlement policy will be. The Fund will not have access to private health information about individual insureds, however, current privacy laws may limit the information available to actuary services used by the Fund about insureds and may cause such actuaries to inaccurately estimate the value of particular policies, or a group of policies in the aggregate. The inability predict with certainty the life expectancies of the pool of underlying insured persons tied to life settlement policies that make up any particular structured product that the Fund invests in, may cause unanticipated delays in the collection of policy payouts. Structured products tied to an underlying pool of life settlements are also generally considered illiquid because there is a limited secondary market for such products. Accordingly, the Fund may be limited in its ability to sell a structured product in its portfolio in a timely fashion and/or at a favorable price. In addition, if a life insurance company declares bankruptcy or otherwise is insolvent, there may not be sufficient funds for it to pay its liability, and while many states have an insurance guarantee fund to provide payments to beneficiaries of insurance companies that declare bankruptcy, the collection process can be prolonged and complicated, and collection may not be possible in all circumstances. Individual life settlement policies may also be subject to contest by the issuing life insurance company. If the insurance company successfully contests a policy, the policy will be rescinded and declared void. For example, insurers may refuse to pay benefits on certain life insurance policies on the basis that there was no “insurable interest” on the part of the purchaser of a life insurance policy at the time such policy was issued. Recently the issue of a lack of insurable interest has been raised by insurers and beneficiaries of irrevocable life insurance trusts, in the context of so-called “stranger originated life insurance” policies. It is possible that courts may void certain life settlement policies for these or other reasons. The market for life settlement policies may also be subject to new government regulation that may impact the ability of third parties to obtain life settlement policies. Insurance companies may seek regulation or changes of law restricting or otherwise encumbering the transfer of life insurance policies in life settlement policy transactions. No assurance can be made that insurance companies will not be successful in limiting the supply of life insurance policies available for purchase in life settlement policy transactions. Securitized Annuities and Structured Settlement Risk The Fund may invest in structured products that are tied to an underlying pool of structured settlements and annuities. The transactions and legal process involved in the origination, transfer and servicing of structured settlements occurs in the context of a highly regulated legal environment. Relevant laws and regulations are subject to constant change. Law and professional regulation (including ethics regulations) associated with acquiring or otherwise taking a financial position or commercial interest with respect to a lawsuit is particularly complex and uncertain. For example, certain jurisdictions prohibit or restrict purchasing claims from claimants in litigation, assigning certain kinds of claims, and/or participating in a lawyer’s contingent fee interests (including ethical rules against sharing fees with lawyers and non-lawyers). Further, disclosure of certain details regarding the actual underlying claims to the settlement agreements are not permitted by law or professional codes of conduct, and as such, parties involved in the origination, transfer and servicing of settlement agreements may not be aware of certain pertinent information when evaluating the agreement as an investment. Federal and state tax legislation, bankruptcy considerations, Uniform Commercial Code provisions and case law involving contractual anti-assignment clauses, among other legal factors give rise to risks which could adversely affect an issuers ownership of the structured settlement or the Fund’s ability to collect the scheduled payments relating to the contract. In certain jurisdictions, a purchaser of settlement payments must be specifically registered as such with the state. Failure to properly register under relevant state laws may result in several consequences, including voiding of the assignment of settlement proceeds, tax liability and breach of contract actions. Settlement agreements may have anti-assignment clauses, which, in most cases have been enforced in the majority of jurisdictions that have considered the issue. Further, in the event that any party to the contract or other related party becomes insolvent or seeks protection under federal or state bankruptcy/insolvency laws, the payments to which the Fund is entitled to could be delayed or reduced. Settlement agreements are also subject to credit risk, which is the risk that the adverse party in the claim (or its insurance company or claims payor) will become unable to meet its obligations to satisfy a particular judgement or settlement. Debt Securities Risk When the Fund invests in debt securities, the value of your investment in the Fund will fluctuate with changes in interest rates. Typically, a rise in interest rates causes a decline in the value of debt securities. In general, the market price of debt securities with longer maturities will increase or decrease more in response to changes in interest rates than shorter-term securities. Other risk factors include credit risk (the debtor may default) and prepayment risk (the debtor may pay its obligation early, reducing the amount of interest payments). These risks could affect the value of a particular investment, possibly causing the Fund’s share price and total return to be reduced and fluctuate more than other types of investments. Fixed-Income Instruments Risk The Fund invests in loans and other types of fixed-income instruments and securities. Such investments may be secured, partially secured or unsecured and may be unrated, and whether or not rated, may have speculative characteristics. The market price of the Fund’s investments will change in response to changes in interest rates and other factors. Generally, when interest rates rise, the values of fixed-income instruments fall, and vice versa. In typical interest rate environments, the prices of longer-term fixed-income instruments generally fluctuate more than the prices of shorter-term fixed-income instruments as interest rates change. These risks may be greater in the current market environment because certain interest rates are near historically low levels. The obligor of a fixed-income instrument may not be able or willing to pay interest or to repay principal when due in accordance with the terms of the associated agreement. An obligor’s willingness and ability to pay interest or to repay principal due in a timely manner may be affected by, among other factors, its cash flow. Commercial bank lenders may be able to contest payments to the holders of other debt obligations of the same obligor in the event of default under their commercial bank loan agreements. See also “Risks Factors—Credit Risk.” The Fund invests in loans and other similar forms of debt. Such forms of indebtedness are different from traditional debt securities in that debt securities are part of a large issue of securities to the public and loans and similar debt instruments may not be securities, but may represent a specific commercial loan to a borrower. Loan participations typically represent direct participation, together with other parties, in a loan to a corporate borrower, and generally are offered by banks or other financial institutions or lending syndicates. The Fund may participate in such syndications, or can buy part of a loan, becoming a part lender. When purchasing indebtedness and loan participations, the Fund assumes the credit risk associated with the corporate borrower and may assume the credit risk associated with an interposed bank or other financial intermediary. Members of a syndicate in which the Fund participates may have different and sometimes superior rights to those of the Fund. Where the Fund invests as a sub-participant in syndicated debt, it may be subject to certain risks as a result of having no direct contractual relationship with the underlying borrower. As a result, the Fund will generally be dependent on the lender to enforce its rights and obligations under the loan arrangements in the event of a default by the underlying borrower and will generally not have any direct rights against the underlying borrower, any direct rights in the collateral, if any, securing such borrowing, or any right to deal directly with such borrower. The lender will, in general, retain the right to determine whether remedies provided for in the underlying loan arrangement will be exercised, or waived. In the event that the Fund enters into such an investment, there can be no assurance that its ability to realize upon a participation will not be interrupted or impaired in the event of the bankruptcy or insolvency of any of the borrower or the lender or that in such circumstances, the Fund will benefit from any set-off between the lender and the borrower. Successful claims by third parties arising from these and other risks may be borne by the Fund. The Fund may invest in debtor-in-possession financings. In such investments there is a risk that the underlying borrower may not successfully come out of Chapter 11 proceedings and may be forced to liquidate its assets in which case the Fund’s only recourse will be against the security provided by the borrower (which may not be sufficient to cover related losses). Senior Loans Risk Senior loans hold the most senior position in the capital structure of a Borrower. Senior loans in most circumstances are fully collateralized by assets of the Borrower. Thus, they are generally repaid before unsecured bank loans, corporate bonds, subordinated debt, trade creditors, and preferred or common stockholders. Substantial increases in interest rates may cause an increase in loan defaults as Borrowers may lack resources to meet higher debt service requirements. The value of the Fund’s assets may also be affected by other uncertainties such as economic developments affecting the market for senior secured term loans or affecting Borrowers generally. Moreover, the security for the Fund’s investments in secured debt may not be recognized for a variety of reasons, including the failure to make required filings by lenders, trustees or other responsible parties and, as a result, the Fund may not have priority over other creditors as anticipated. Senior loans usually include restrictive covenants, which must be maintained by the Borrower. The Fund may have an obligation with respect to certain senior secured term loan investments to make additional loans upon demand by the Borrower. Such instruments, unlike certain bonds, usually do not have call protection. This means that such interests, while having a stated term, may be prepaid, often without penalty. The rate of such prepayments may be affected by, among other things, general business and economic conditions, as well as the financial status of the Borrower. Prepayment would cause the actual duration of a senior loan to be shorter than its stated maturity. Senior loans typically will be secured by pledges of collateral from the Borrower in the form of tangible and intangible assets. In some instances, the Fund may invest in senior loans that are secured only by stock of the Borrower or its subsidiaries or affiliates. The value of the collateral may decline below the principal amount of the senior secured term loans subsequent to an investment by the Fund. Senior loans generally are not registered with the SEC, or any state securities commission, and are not listed on any national securities exchange. There is less readily available or reliable information about most senior loans than is the case for many other types of securities, including securities issued in transactions registered under the Securities Act, or registered under the Exchange Act. No active trading market may exist for some senior loans, and some senior loans may be subject to restrictions on resale. A secondary market may be subject to irregular trading activity, wide bid/ask spreads and extended trade settlement periods, which may impair the Fund’s ability to realize full value and thus cause a material decline in the Fund’s NAV. In addition, the Fund may not be able to readily dispose of its senior loans at prices that approximate those at which the Fund could sell such loans if they were more widely traded and, as a result of such illiquidity, the Fund may have to sell other investments or engage in borrowing transactions if necessary to raise cash to meet its obligations. During periods of limited supply and liquidity of senior loans, the Fund’s yield may be lower. See “Below Investment Grade Instruments Risk.” If legislation or government regulations impose additional requirements or restrictions on the ability of financial institutions to make loans, the availability of senior loans for investment by the Fund may be adversely affected. In addition, such requirements or restrictions could reduce or eliminate sources of financing for certain Borrowers. This would increase the risk of default. If legislation or government regulations require financial institutions to increase their capital requirements, this may cause financial institutions to dispose of senior loans that are considered highly levered transactions. Such sales could result in prices that, in the opinion of the Adviser, do not represent fair value. If the Fund attempts to sell a senior loan at a time when a financial institution is engaging in such a sale, the price the Fund could get for the senior loan may be adversely affected. The Fund may acquire senior loans through assignments or participations. The Fund will typically acquire senior loans through assignment and may elevate a participation interest into an assignment as soon as practicably possible. The purchaser of an assignment typically succeeds to all the rights and obligations of the assigning institution and becomes a lender under the credit agreement with respect to the debt obligation; however, the purchaser’s rights can be more restricted than those of the assigning institution, and the Fund may not be able to unilaterally enforce all rights and remedies under the loan and with regard to any associated collateral. A participation typically results in a contractual relationship only with the institution offering the participation, not with the Borrower. Sellers of participations typically include banks, broker-dealers, other financial institutions and lending institutions. In the atypical situation when the Fund must acquire a senior loan through a participation, the Fund faces credit risk and counterparty risk. To mitigate such risks, the Adviser has adopted best execution procedures and guidelines, under which the Adviser has established a best execution committee that regularly reviews each broker-dealer counterparty for, among other things, its quality and the quality of its execution. The established procedures and guidelines require trades to be placed for execution only with broker-dealer counterparties approved by the best execution committee of the Adviser. The factors considered by the committee when selecting and approving brokers and dealers include, but are not limited to: (i) quality, accuracy, and timeliness of execution, (ii) review of the reputation, financial strength and stability of the financial institution, (iii) willingness and ability of the counterparty to commit capital, (iv) ongoing reliability and (v) access to underwritten offerings and secondary markets. In purchasing participations, the Fund generally will have no right to enforce compliance by the Borrower with the terms of the loan agreement against the Borrower, and the Fund may not directly benefit from the collateral supporting the debt obligation in which it has purchased the participation. As a result, the Fund will be exposed to the credit risk of both the Borrower and the institution selling the participation. Further, in purchasing participations in lending syndicates, the Fund will not be able to conduct the due diligence on the Borrower or the quality of the senior loan with respect to which it is buying a participation that the Fund would otherwise conduct if it were investing directly in the senior loan, which may result in the Fund being exposed to greater credit or fraud risk with respect to the Borrower or the senior loan than the Fund expected when initially purchasing the participation. Subordinated and Unsecured or Partially Secured Loans Risk The Fund may invest in unsecured loans and secured subordinated loans, including second and lower lien loans. Second lien loans are generally second in line in terms of repayment priority. A second lien loan may have a claim on the same collateral pool as the first lien or it may be secured by a separate set of assets. Second lien loans generally give investors priority over general unsecured creditors in the event of an asset sale. The priority of the collateral claims of third or lower lien loans ranks below holders of second lien loans and so on. Such junior loans are subject to the same general risks inherent to any loan investment, including credit risk, market and liquidity risk, and interest rate risk. Due to their lower place in the Borrower’s capital structure and possible unsecured or partially secured status, such loans involve a higher degree of overall risk than senior loans of the same Borrower. Leverage Risk The Fund is permitted to obtain leverage using any form or combination of financial leverage instruments, including through funds borrowed from banks or other financial institutions (i.e., a credit facility), margin facilities, the issuance of preferred shares or notes and leverage attributable to reverse repurchase agreements, dollar rolls or similar transactions. The Fund may use leverage opportunistically and may choose to increase or decrease its leverage, or use different types or combinations of leveraging instruments, at any time based on the Fund’s assessment of market conditions and the investment environment. The use of leverage, such as borrowing money to purchase securities, will cause the Fund (or a private fund in which the Fund has invested) to incur additional expenses and significantly magnify the Fund’s losses in the event of underperformance of the Fund’s (or private fund’s) underlying investments. The Fund may add financial leverage to its portfolio representing up to approximately 33% of the Fund’s assets (including the assets subject to, and obtained with the proceeds of, the leveraging activity). The 1940 Act generally limits the extent to which the Fund may utilize borrowings and “uncovered” transactions that may give rise to a form of leverage, including reverse repurchase agreements, dollar rolls, swaps, futures and forward contracts, options and other derivative transactions, together with any other senior securities representing indebtedness, to 33 1/3% of the Fund’s assets at the time utilized. In addition, the 1940 Act limits the extent to which the Fund may issue preferred shares to 50% of the Fund’s assets (less the Fund’s obligations under senior securities representing indebtedness). “Covered” reverse repurchase agreements, dollar rolls, swaps, futures and forward contracts, options and other derivative transactions will not be counted against the foregoing limits under the 1940 Act. The Fund will “cover” its derivative positions by segregating an amount of cash and/or liquid securities as required by the 1940 Act and applicable SEC interpretations and guidance from time to time. Alternatively, the Fund may enter into an offsetting position or own positions covering its obligations with respect to the transaction; otherwise, this transaction will be considered “uncovered.” The Fund may not cover an applicable derivative transaction if it does not need to do so to comply with the foregoing 1940 Act requirements and, in the view of the Adviser, the assets that would have been used to cover could be better used for a different purpose. However, these transactions, even if covered, may represent a form of economic leverage and will create risks. The potential loss on derivative instruments may be substantial relative to the initial investment therein. In addition, these segregation and coverage requirements could result in the Fund maintaining securities positions that it would otherwise liquidate, segregating assets at a time when it might be disadvantageous to do so or otherwise restricting portfolio management. Such segregation and cover requirements will not limit or offset losses on related positions. Use of leverage creates an opportunity for increased income and return for shareholders but, at the same time, creates risks, including the likelihood of greater volatility in the NAV and market price of, and distributions on, the shares. Increases and decreases in the value of the Fund’s portfolio will be magnified if the Fund uses leverage. In particular, leverage may magnify interest rate risk, which is the risk that the prices of portfolio securities will fall (or rise) if market interest rates for those types of securities rise (or fall). As a result, leverage may cause greater changes in the Fund’s NAV, which will be borne entirely by the Fund’s shareholders. There can be no assurance that the Fund will use leverage or that its leveraging strategy will be successful during any period in which it is employed. The Fund may be subject to investment restrictions of one or more NRSROs and/or credit facility lenders as a result of its use of financial leverage. These restrictions may impose asset coverage or portfolio composition requirements that are more stringent than those imposed on the Fund by the 1940 Act. It is not anticipated that these covenants or portfolio requirements will significantly impede the Adviser in managing the Fund’s portfolio in accordance with its investment objectives and policies. Nonetheless, if these covenants or guidelines are more restrictive than those imposed by the 1940 Act, the Fund may not be able to utilize as much leverage as it otherwise could have, which could reduce the Fund’s investment returns. In addition, the Fund expects that any notes it issues or credit facility it enters into would contain covenants that, among other things, will likely impose geographic exposure limitations, credit quality minimums, liquidity minimums, concentration limitations and currency hedging requirements on the Fund. These covenants would also likely limit the Fund’s ability to pay distributions in certain circumstances, incur additional debt, change fundamental investment policies and engage in certain transactions, including mergers and consolidations. Such restrictions could cause the Adviser | |
Closed-End Structure Risk [Member] | | |
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | | |
Risk [Text Block] | Closed-End Structure Risk The Fund is a closed-end investment company. It is designed for long-term investors and not as a trading vehicle. | |
Investment Risk [Member] | | |
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | | |
Risk [Text Block] | Investment Risk An investment in the Fund involves a considerable amount of risk. Before making an investment decision, a prospective investor should (i) consider the suitability of this investment with respect to his, her or its investment objectives and personal situation and (ii) consider factors such as his, her or its personal net worth, income, age, risk tolerance and liquidity needs. An investment in the Fund’s shares is subject to investment risk, including the possible loss of the entire principal amount invested. An investment in the Fund’s shares represents an indirect investment in the portfolio of loans and fixed-income instruments, short positions and other securities and derivative instruments owned by the Fund, and the value of these securities and instruments may fluctuate, sometimes rapidly and unpredictably, and such investment is subject to investment risk, including the possible loss of the entire principal amount invested. At any point in time, an investment in the Fund’s shares may be worth less than the original amount invested, even after taking into account distributions paid by the Fund and the ability of shareholders to reinvest dividends. The Fund may also use leverage, which would magnify the Fund’s investment, market and certain other risks. | |
Market Risk and Geopolitical Risk [Member] | | |
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | | |
Risk [Text Block] | Market Risk and Geopolitical Risk The Fund may be materially affected by market, economic and political conditions globally and in the jurisdictions and sectors in which it invests or operates, including factors affecting interest rates, the availability of credit, currency exchange rates and trade barriers. These factors are outside the Adviser’s control and could adversely affect the liquidity and value of the Fund’s investments, and may reduce the ability of the Fund to make attractive new investments. In particular, economic and financial market conditions began to significantly deteriorate around 2007 as compared to prior periods. Global financial markets experienced considerable declines in the valuations of debt and equity securities, an acute contraction in the availability of credit and the failure of a number of leading financial institutions. As a result, certain government bodies and central banks worldwide, including the U.S. Treasury Department and the U.S. Federal Reserve, undertook unprecedented intervention programs, the effects of which remain uncertain. The U.S. economy has experienced and continues to experience relatively high levels of unemployment and constrained lending. Although certain financial markets have shown some recent signs of the improvement, to the extent economic conditions experienced over the last five years continue, they may adversely impact the investments of the Fund. Low interest rates related to monetary stimulus and economic stagnation may also negatively impact expected returns on investments in such an environment. Trends and historical events do not imply, forecast or predict future events and past performance is not necessarily indicative of future results. There can be no assurance that the assumptions made or the beliefs and expectations currently held by the Adviser will prove correct, and actual events and circumstances may vary significantly. The Fund may be subject to risk arising from a default by one of several large institutions that are dependent on one another to meet their liquidity or operational needs, so that a default by one institution may cause a series of defaults by the other institutions. This is sometimes referred to as “systemic risk” and may adversely affect financial intermediaries, such as clearing agencies, clearing houses, banks, securities firms and exchanges, with which the Fund interacts on a daily basis. In addition, the Fund is subject to the risk that geopolitical and other events will disrupt the economy on a national or global level. For instance, war, terrorism, market manipulation, government defaults, government shutdowns, political changes or diplomatic developments, public health emergencies (such as the spread of infectious diseases, pandemics and epidemics), natural/environmental disasters and climate change and climate related events can all negatively impact the securities markets, which could cause the Fund to lose value. The current novel coronavirus (COVID-19) global pandemic and the aggressive responses taken by many governments, including closing borders, restricting international and domestic travel, and the imposition of prolonged quarantines or similar restrictions, as well as the forced or voluntary closure of, or operational changes to, many retail and other businesses, have had negative impacts, and in many cases severe negative impacts, on markets worldwide. It is not known how long such impacts, or any future impacts of other significant events described above, will or would last, but there could be a prolonged period of global economic slowdown, which may negatively impact the performance of the Fund’s investments or decrease the liquidity of those investments. Therefore, the Fund could lose money over short periods due to short-term market movements and over longer periods during more prolonged market downturns. | |
Structured Products Risk [Member] | | |
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | | |
Risk [Text Block] | Structured Products Risk The Fund may invest in structured products. Holders of structured products bear risks of the underlying investments, index or reference obligation and are subject to counterparty risk. The Fund may have the right to receive payments only from the structured product, and generally does not have direct rights against the issuer or the entity that sold the assets to be securitized. While certain structured products enable the investor to acquire interests in a pool of securities without the brokerage and other expenses associated with directly holding the same securities, investors in structured products generally pay their share of the structured product’s administrative and other expenses. Although it is difficult to predict whether the prices of indices and securities underlying structured products will rise or fall, these prices (and, therefore, the prices of structured products) will be influenced by the same types of political and economic events that affect issuers of securities and capital markets generally. If the issuer of a structured product uses shorter term financing to purchase longer term securities, the issuer may be forced to sell its securities at below market prices if it experiences difficulty in obtaining short-term financing, which may adversely affect the value of the structured products owned by the Fund. Certain structured products may be thinly traded or have a limited trading market, and others are privately offered and sold. | |
Life Settlement Risk [Member] | | |
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | | |
Risk [Text Block] | Life Settlement Risk The Fund invests in structured products that are tied to a portfolio of life settlements. Life settlements are the transfers of the beneficial interest in a life insurance policy by the underlying insured person to a third party. The third party will generally purchase the beneficial interest in a life insurance policy for more than its cash surrender value but at a discount to its face value (i.e., the payment amount set forth in the life insurance policy that is payable on the death of the insured or upon maturity of the life insurance policy). After purchase, the third party will be responsible for premiums payable on the life insurance policy and will be entitled to receive the full face value from the insurance company upon maturation (i.e., upon the death of the insured). Accordingly, if the third party is unable to make premium payments on a purchased life insurance policy due to liquidity issues or for any other reason, the policy will lapse, and the third party will lose its ownership interest in the policy. Although the Fund does not invest directly in individual life settlements, the Fund is indirectly exposed to certain risks involved in purchasing life settlements, including inaccurate estimations of life expectancy of the insured individuals, liquidity risk, credit risk of the insurance company, risks of any policies purchased being unenforceable and risks of adverse regulatory and legal changes. Such legal challenges may include the heirs of an insured challenging a particular life settlement. The actual rate of return on an individual life settlement policy cannot be calculated before the insured dies and the longer the insured lives, the lower the rate of return on the related life settlement policy will be. The Fund will not have access to private health information about individual insureds, however, current privacy laws may limit the information available to actuary services used by the Fund about insureds and may cause such actuaries to inaccurately estimate the value of particular policies, or a group of policies in the aggregate. The inability predict with certainty the life expectancies of the pool of underlying insured persons tied to life settlement policies that make up any particular structured product that the Fund invests in, may cause unanticipated delays in the collection of policy payouts. Structured products tied to an underlying pool of life settlements are also generally considered illiquid because there is a limited secondary market for such products. Accordingly, the Fund may be limited in its ability to sell a structured product in its portfolio in a timely fashion and/or at a favorable price. In addition, if a life insurance company declares bankruptcy or otherwise is insolvent, there may not be sufficient funds for it to pay its liability, and while many states have an insurance guarantee fund to provide payments to beneficiaries of insurance companies that declare bankruptcy, the collection process can be prolonged and complicated, and collection may not be possible in all circumstances. Individual life settlement policies may also be subject to contest by the issuing life insurance company. If the insurance company successfully contests a policy, the policy will be rescinded and declared void. For example, insurers may refuse to pay benefits on certain life insurance policies on the basis that there was no “insurable interest” on the part of the purchaser of a life insurance policy at the time such policy was issued. Recently the issue of a lack of insurable interest has been raised by insurers and beneficiaries of irrevocable life insurance trusts, in the context of so-called “stranger originated life insurance” policies. It is possible that courts may void certain life settlement policies for these or other reasons. The market for life settlement policies may also be subject to new government regulation that may impact the ability of third parties to obtain life settlement policies. Insurance companies may seek regulation or changes of law restricting or otherwise encumbering the transfer of life insurance policies in life settlement policy transactions. No assurance can be made that insurance companies will not be successful in limiting the supply of life insurance policies available for purchase in life settlement policy transactions. | |
Securitized Annuities and Structured Settlement Risk [Member] | | |
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | | |
Risk [Text Block] | Securitized Annuities and Structured Settlement Risk The Fund may invest in structured products that are tied to an underlying pool of structured settlements and annuities. The transactions and legal process involved in the origination, transfer and servicing of structured settlements occurs in the context of a highly regulated legal environment. Relevant laws and regulations are subject to constant change. Law and professional regulation (including ethics regulations) associated with acquiring or otherwise taking a financial position or commercial interest with respect to a lawsuit is particularly complex and uncertain. For example, certain jurisdictions prohibit or restrict purchasing claims from claimants in litigation, assigning certain kinds of claims, and/or participating in a lawyer’s contingent fee interests (including ethical rules against sharing fees with lawyers and non-lawyers). Further, disclosure of certain details regarding the actual underlying claims to the settlement agreements are not permitted by law or professional codes of conduct, and as such, parties involved in the origination, transfer and servicing of settlement agreements may not be aware of certain pertinent information when evaluating the agreement as an investment. Federal and state tax legislation, bankruptcy considerations, Uniform Commercial Code provisions and case law involving contractual anti-assignment clauses, among other legal factors give rise to risks which could adversely affect an issuers ownership of the structured settlement or the Fund’s ability to collect the scheduled payments relating to the contract. In certain jurisdictions, a purchaser of settlement payments must be specifically registered as such with the state. Failure to properly register under relevant state laws may result in several consequences, including voiding of the assignment of settlement proceeds, tax liability and breach of contract actions. Settlement agreements may have anti-assignment clauses, which, in most cases have been enforced in the majority of jurisdictions that have considered the issue. Further, in the event that any party to the contract or other related party becomes insolvent or seeks protection under federal or state bankruptcy/insolvency laws, the payments to which the Fund is entitled to could be delayed or reduced. Settlement agreements are also subject to credit risk, which is the risk that the adverse party in the claim (or its insurance company or claims payor) will become unable to meet its obligations to satisfy a particular judgement or settlement. | |
Debt Securities Risk [Member] | | |
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | | |
Risk [Text Block] | Debt Securities Risk When the Fund invests in debt securities, the value of your investment in the Fund will fluctuate with changes in interest rates. Typically, a rise in interest rates causes a decline in the value of debt securities. In general, the market price of debt securities with longer maturities will increase or decrease more in response to changes in interest rates than shorter-term securities. Other risk factors include credit risk (the debtor may default) and prepayment risk (the debtor may pay its obligation early, reducing the amount of interest payments). These risks could affect the value of a particular investment, possibly causing the Fund’s share price and total return to be reduced and fluctuate more than other types of investments. | |
Fixed-Income Instruments Risk [Member] | | |
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | | |
Risk [Text Block] | Fixed-Income Instruments Risk The Fund invests in loans and other types of fixed-income instruments and securities. Such investments may be secured, partially secured or unsecured and may be unrated, and whether or not rated, may have speculative characteristics. The market price of the Fund’s investments will change in response to changes in interest rates and other factors. Generally, when interest rates rise, the values of fixed-income instruments fall, and vice versa. In typical interest rate environments, the prices of longer-term fixed-income instruments generally fluctuate more than the prices of shorter-term fixed-income instruments as interest rates change. These risks may be greater in the current market environment because certain interest rates are near historically low levels. The obligor of a fixed-income instrument may not be able or willing to pay interest or to repay principal when due in accordance with the terms of the associated agreement. An obligor’s willingness and ability to pay interest or to repay principal due in a timely manner may be affected by, among other factors, its cash flow. Commercial bank lenders may be able to contest payments to the holders of other debt obligations of the same obligor in the event of default under their commercial bank loan agreements. See also “Risks Factors—Credit Risk.” The Fund invests in loans and other similar forms of debt. Such forms of indebtedness are different from traditional debt securities in that debt securities are part of a large issue of securities to the public and loans and similar debt instruments may not be securities, but may represent a specific commercial loan to a borrower. Loan participations typically represent direct participation, together with other parties, in a loan to a corporate borrower, and generally are offered by banks or other financial institutions or lending syndicates. The Fund may participate in such syndications, or can buy part of a loan, becoming a part lender. When purchasing indebtedness and loan participations, the Fund assumes the credit risk associated with the corporate borrower and may assume the credit risk associated with an interposed bank or other financial intermediary. Members of a syndicate in which the Fund participates may have different and sometimes superior rights to those of the Fund. Where the Fund invests as a sub-participant in syndicated debt, it may be subject to certain risks as a result of having no direct contractual relationship with the underlying borrower. As a result, the Fund will generally be dependent on the lender to enforce its rights and obligations under the loan arrangements in the event of a default by the underlying borrower and will generally not have any direct rights against the underlying borrower, any direct rights in the collateral, if any, securing such borrowing, or any right to deal directly with such borrower. The lender will, in general, retain the right to determine whether remedies provided for in the underlying loan arrangement will be exercised, or waived. In the event that the Fund enters into such an investment, there can be no assurance that its ability to realize upon a participation will not be interrupted or impaired in the event of the bankruptcy or insolvency of any of the borrower or the lender or that in such circumstances, the Fund will benefit from any set-off between the lender and the borrower. Successful claims by third parties arising from these and other risks may be borne by the Fund. The Fund may invest in debtor-in-possession financings. In such investments there is a risk that the underlying borrower may not successfully come out of Chapter 11 proceedings and may be forced to liquidate its assets in which case the Fund’s only recourse will be against the security provided by the borrower (which may not be sufficient to cover related losses). | |
Senior Loans Risk [Member] | | |
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | | |
Risk [Text Block] | Senior Loans Risk Senior loans hold the most senior position in the capital structure of a Borrower. Senior loans in most circumstances are fully collateralized by assets of the Borrower. Thus, they are generally repaid before unsecured bank loans, corporate bonds, subordinated debt, trade creditors, and preferred or common stockholders. Substantial increases in interest rates may cause an increase in loan defaults as Borrowers may lack resources to meet higher debt service requirements. The value of the Fund’s assets may also be affected by other uncertainties such as economic developments affecting the market for senior secured term loans or affecting Borrowers generally. Moreover, the security for the Fund’s investments in secured debt may not be recognized for a variety of reasons, including the failure to make required filings by lenders, trustees or other responsible parties and, as a result, the Fund may not have priority over other creditors as anticipated. Senior loans usually include restrictive covenants, which must be maintained by the Borrower. The Fund may have an obligation with respect to certain senior secured term loan investments to make additional loans upon demand by the Borrower. Such instruments, unlike certain bonds, usually do not have call protection. This means that such interests, while having a stated term, may be prepaid, often without penalty. The rate of such prepayments may be affected by, among other things, general business and economic conditions, as well as the financial status of the Borrower. Prepayment would cause the actual duration of a senior loan to be shorter than its stated maturity. Senior loans typically will be secured by pledges of collateral from the Borrower in the form of tangible and intangible assets. In some instances, the Fund may invest in senior loans that are secured only by stock of the Borrower or its subsidiaries or affiliates. The value of the collateral may decline below the principal amount of the senior secured term loans subsequent to an investment by the Fund. Senior loans generally are not registered with the SEC, or any state securities commission, and are not listed on any national securities exchange. There is less readily available or reliable information about most senior loans than is the case for many other types of securities, including securities issued in transactions registered under the Securities Act, or registered under the Exchange Act. No active trading market may exist for some senior loans, and some senior loans may be subject to restrictions on resale. A secondary market may be subject to irregular trading activity, wide bid/ask spreads and extended trade settlement periods, which may impair the Fund’s ability to realize full value and thus cause a material decline in the Fund’s NAV. In addition, the Fund may not be able to readily dispose of its senior loans at prices that approximate those at which the Fund could sell such loans if they were more widely traded and, as a result of such illiquidity, the Fund may have to sell other investments or engage in borrowing transactions if necessary to raise cash to meet its obligations. During periods of limited supply and liquidity of senior loans, the Fund’s yield may be lower. See “Below Investment Grade Instruments Risk.” If legislation or government regulations impose additional requirements or restrictions on the ability of financial institutions to make loans, the availability of senior loans for investment by the Fund may be adversely affected. In addition, such requirements or restrictions could reduce or eliminate sources of financing for certain Borrowers. This would increase the risk of default. If legislation or government regulations require financial institutions to increase their capital requirements, this may cause financial institutions to dispose of senior loans that are considered highly levered transactions. Such sales could result in prices that, in the opinion of the Adviser, do not represent fair value. If the Fund attempts to sell a senior loan at a time when a financial institution is engaging in such a sale, the price the Fund could get for the senior loan may be adversely affected. The Fund may acquire senior loans through assignments or participations. The Fund will typically acquire senior loans through assignment and may elevate a participation interest into an assignment as soon as practicably possible. The purchaser of an assignment typically succeeds to all the rights and obligations of the assigning institution and becomes a lender under the credit agreement with respect to the debt obligation; however, the purchaser’s rights can be more restricted than those of the assigning institution, and the Fund may not be able to unilaterally enforce all rights and remedies under the loan and with regard to any associated collateral. A participation typically results in a contractual relationship only with the institution offering the participation, not with the Borrower. Sellers of participations typically include banks, broker-dealers, other financial institutions and lending institutions. In the atypical situation when the Fund must acquire a senior loan through a participation, the Fund faces credit risk and counterparty risk. To mitigate such risks, the Adviser has adopted best execution procedures and guidelines, under which the Adviser has established a best execution committee that regularly reviews each broker-dealer counterparty for, among other things, its quality and the quality of its execution. The established procedures and guidelines require trades to be placed for execution only with broker-dealer counterparties approved by the best execution committee of the Adviser. The factors considered by the committee when selecting and approving brokers and dealers include, but are not limited to: (i) quality, accuracy, and timeliness of execution, (ii) review of the reputation, financial strength and stability of the financial institution, (iii) willingness and ability of the counterparty to commit capital, (iv) ongoing reliability and (v) access to underwritten offerings and secondary markets. In purchasing participations, the Fund generally will have no right to enforce compliance by the Borrower with the terms of the loan agreement against the Borrower, and the Fund may not directly benefit from the collateral supporting the debt obligation in which it has purchased the participation. As a result, the Fund will be exposed to the credit risk of both the Borrower and the institution selling the participation. Further, in purchasing participations in lending syndicates, the Fund will not be able to conduct the due diligence on the Borrower or the quality of the senior loan with respect to which it is buying a participation that the Fund would otherwise conduct if it were investing directly in the senior loan, which may result in the Fund being exposed to greater credit or fraud risk with respect to the Borrower or the senior loan than the Fund expected when initially purchasing the participation. | |
Subordinated and Unsecured or Partially Secured Loans Risk [Member] | | |
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | | |
Risk [Text Block] | Subordinated and Unsecured or Partially Secured Loans Risk The Fund may invest in unsecured loans and secured subordinated loans, including second and lower lien loans. Second lien loans are generally second in line in terms of repayment priority. A second lien loan may have a claim on the same collateral pool as the first lien or it may be secured by a separate set of assets. Second lien loans generally give investors priority over general unsecured creditors in the event of an asset sale. The priority of the collateral claims of third or lower lien loans ranks below holders of second lien loans and so on. Such junior loans are subject to the same general risks inherent to any loan investment, including credit risk, market and liquidity risk, and interest rate risk. Due to their lower place in the Borrower’s capital structure and possible unsecured or partially secured status, such loans involve a higher degree of overall risk than senior loans of the same Borrower. | |
Leverage Risk [Member] | | |
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | | |
Risk [Text Block] | Leverage Risk The Fund is permitted to obtain leverage using any form or combination of financial leverage instruments, including through funds borrowed from banks or other financial institutions (i.e., a credit facility), margin facilities, the issuance of preferred shares or notes and leverage attributable to reverse repurchase agreements, dollar rolls or similar transactions. The Fund may use leverage opportunistically and may choose to increase or decrease its leverage, or use different types or combinations of leveraging instruments, at any time based on the Fund’s assessment of market conditions and the investment environment. The use of leverage, such as borrowing money to purchase securities, will cause the Fund (or a private fund in which the Fund has invested) to incur additional expenses and significantly magnify the Fund’s losses in the event of underperformance of the Fund’s (or private fund’s) underlying investments. The Fund may add financial leverage to its portfolio representing up to approximately 33% of the Fund’s assets (including the assets subject to, and obtained with the proceeds of, the leveraging activity). The 1940 Act generally limits the extent to which the Fund may utilize borrowings and “uncovered” transactions that may give rise to a form of leverage, including reverse repurchase agreements, dollar rolls, swaps, futures and forward contracts, options and other derivative transactions, together with any other senior securities representing indebtedness, to 33 1/3% of the Fund’s assets at the time utilized. In addition, the 1940 Act limits the extent to which the Fund may issue preferred shares to 50% of the Fund’s assets (less the Fund’s obligations under senior securities representing indebtedness). “Covered” reverse repurchase agreements, dollar rolls, swaps, futures and forward contracts, options and other derivative transactions will not be counted against the foregoing limits under the 1940 Act. The Fund will “cover” its derivative positions by segregating an amount of cash and/or liquid securities as required by the 1940 Act and applicable SEC interpretations and guidance from time to time. Alternatively, the Fund may enter into an offsetting position or own positions covering its obligations with respect to the transaction; otherwise, this transaction will be considered “uncovered.” The Fund may not cover an applicable derivative transaction if it does not need to do so to comply with the foregoing 1940 Act requirements and, in the view of the Adviser, the assets that would have been used to cover could be better used for a different purpose. However, these transactions, even if covered, may represent a form of economic leverage and will create risks. The potential loss on derivative instruments may be substantial relative to the initial investment therein. In addition, these segregation and coverage requirements could result in the Fund maintaining securities positions that it would otherwise liquidate, segregating assets at a time when it might be disadvantageous to do so or otherwise restricting portfolio management. Such segregation and cover requirements will not limit or offset losses on related positions. Use of leverage creates an opportunity for increased income and return for shareholders but, at the same time, creates risks, including the likelihood of greater volatility in the NAV and market price of, and distributions on, the shares. Increases and decreases in the value of the Fund’s portfolio will be magnified if the Fund uses leverage. In particular, leverage may magnify interest rate risk, which is the risk that the prices of portfolio securities will fall (or rise) if market interest rates for those types of securities rise (or fall). As a result, leverage may cause greater changes in the Fund’s NAV, which will be borne entirely by the Fund’s shareholders. There can be no assurance that the Fund will use leverage or that its leveraging strategy will be successful during any period in which it is employed. The Fund may be subject to investment restrictions of one or more NRSROs and/or credit facility lenders as a result of its use of financial leverage. These restrictions may impose asset coverage or portfolio composition requirements that are more stringent than those imposed on the Fund by the 1940 Act. It is not anticipated that these covenants or portfolio requirements will significantly impede the Adviser in managing the Fund’s portfolio in accordance with its investment objectives and policies. Nonetheless, if these covenants or guidelines are more restrictive than those imposed by the 1940 Act, the Fund may not be able to utilize as much leverage as it otherwise could have, which could reduce the Fund’s investment returns. In addition, the Fund expects that any notes it issues or credit facility it enters into would contain covenants that, among other things, will likely impose geographic exposure limitations, credit quality minimums, liquidity minimums, concentration limitations and currency hedging requirements on the Fund. These covenants would also likely limit the Fund’s ability to pay distributions in certain circumstances, incur additional debt, change fundamental investment policies and engage in certain transactions, including mergers and consolidations. Such restrictions could cause the Adviser to make different investment decisions than if there were no such restrictions and could limit the ability of the Board of Trustees and shareholders to change fundamental investment policies. The costs of a financial leverage program (including the costs of offering preferred shares and notes) will be borne entirely by the Fund and, in turn, the shareholders and consequently will result in a reduction of the NAV of the shares. To monitor this issue, the Board of Trustees intends to periodically review the Fund’s use of leverage, including its impact on Fund performance. See “Conflicts of Interest.” The Fund may also offset derivative positions against one another or against other assets to manage the effective market exposure resulting from derivatives in its portfolio. In addition, to the extent that any offsetting positions do not behave in relation to one another as expected, the Fund may perform as if it were leveraged. The Fund’s use of leverage could create the opportunity for a higher return for shareholders but would also result in special risks for shareholders and can magnify the effect of any losses. If the income and gains earned on the securities and investments purchased with leverage proceeds are greater than the cost of the leverage, the return on the shares will be greater than if leverage had not been used. Conversely, if the income and gains from the securities and investments purchased with such proceeds do not cover the cost of leverage, the return on the shares will be less than if leverage had not been used. There is no assurance that a leveraging strategy will be successful. Leverage involves risks and special considerations for shareholders, including: ● the likelihood of greater volatility of NAV and market price of the shares than a comparable portfolio without leverage; ● the risk that fluctuations in interest rates on borrowings and short-term debt or in the dividend rates on any preferred shares that the Fund may pay will reduce the return to the shareholders or will result in fluctuations in the dividends paid on the shares; ● the effect of leverage in a declining market, which is likely to cause a greater decline in the NAV of the shares than if the Fund were not leveraged, which may result in a greater decline in the market price of the shares; and ● when the Fund uses certain types of leverage, the investment advisory fee payable to the Adviser will be higher than if the Fund did not use leverage. The Fund may continue to use leverage if the benefits to the Fund’s shareholders of maintaining the leveraged position are believed to outweigh the risks above. | |
Interest Rate Risk [Member] | | |
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | | |
Risk [Text Block] | Interest Rate Risk The Fund is subject to financial market risks, including changes in interest rates. Because the Fund uses debt to finance investments, its net investment income depends, in part, upon the difference between the rate at which the Fund borrows funds and the rate at which it invests those funds. As a result, the Fund can offer no assurance that a significant change in market interest rates will not have a material adverse effect on its net investment income. In periods of rising interest rates when the Fund has debt outstanding, the cost of funds will increase, which could reduce net investment income. In addition, interest rates have recently been at or near historic lows. In the event of a significant rising interest rate environment, the Fund’s issuers with adjustable-rate loans could see their payments increase and there may be a significant increase in the number of the Fund’s issuers that are unable or unwilling to pay interest and repay their loans. Investments in companies with adjustable-rate loans may also decline in value in response to rising interest rates if the rates at which they pay interest do not rise as much, or as quickly, as market interest rates in general. Similarly, during periods of rising interest rates, the Fund’s investments with fixed rates may decline in value because the fixed coupon rate is below market yield. The Fund may make investments in derivatives or engage in hedging activities, to the extent such activities are not prohibited by the 1940 Act, such as interest rate swaps and interest rate futures contracts, in order to adjust the Fund’s risk exposure to changes in interest rates. These activities may limit the Fund’s ability to participate in the benefits of lower interest rates with respect to the hedged portfolio. Adverse developments resulting from changes in interest rates or hedging transactions could have a material adverse effect on the Fund’s business, financial condition and results of operations. | |
Risk Associated with Changes in LIBOR [Member] | | |
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | | |
Risk [Text Block] | Risk Associated with Changes in LIBOR In 2017, the United Kingdom’s Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”), which regulates LIBOR, warned that LIBOR may cease to be available or appropriate for use by 2021. On March 5, 2021 the FCA announced the timeline for the cessation of all LIBOR benchmarks. All LIBOR benchmarks related to sterling, euro, Swiss franc and Japanese yen and the 1-week and 2-month US dollar settings will permanently cease immediately after December 31, 2021, and the remaining US dollar settings will cease immediately after June 30, 2023. The U.S. Federal Reserve, in conjunction with the Alternative Reference Rates Committee, a steering committee comprised of large U.S. financial institutions, is considering replacing U.S. dollar LIBOR with a new index calculated by short-term repurchase agreements, backed by Treasury securities. Uncertainty related to the pending transition away from LIBOR may adversely affect the market for LIBOR-based securities. There are obstacles to converting certain securities and transactions to a new benchmark. The transition process might lead to increased volatility and illiquidity in markets for instruments whose terms currently include LIBOR. It could also lead to a reduction in the value of some LIBOR-based investments. | |
Private Funds Risk [Member] | | |
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | | |
Risk [Text Block] | Private Funds Risk The Fund’s performance depends in part upon the performance of private fund managers and selected strategies, the adherence by such private fund managers to such selected strategies, the instruments used by such private fund managers and the Adviser’s ability to select private fund managers and strategies and effectively allocate Fund assets among them. Fund shareholders will bear two layers of fees and expenses: asset-based fees and expenses at the Fund level, and asset-based fees, incentive fees and allocations, and expenses at the private fund level. The private funds in which the Fund invests are subject to risks associated with legal and regulatory changes applicable to financial institutions generally and to private funds in particular. The Fund may not be able to invest in certain private funds that are oversubscribed or closed, or the Fund may be able to allocate only a limited amount of assets to a private fund that has been identified as an attractive opportunity. The Fund’s investments in certain private funds may be subject to lock-up periods, during which the Fund may not withdraw its investment. The Fund may invest indirectly a substantial portion of its assets in private funds that follow a particular type of investment strategy, which may expose the Fund to the risks of that strategy. Many of the Fund’s assets will be priced in the absence of a readily available market and may be priced based on determinations of fair value, which may prove to be inaccurate. The Fund, upon its redemption of all or a portion of its interest in a private fund, may receive an in-kind distribution of securities that are illiquid or difficult to value and difficult to dispose of. The Fund will be required to make incremental contributions pursuant to capital calls issued from time to time by certain private funds. To fund such capital calls, the Fund may maintain a sizeable cash position, which may result in lower returns. If the Fund does not maintain a sufficient cash position to fund capital calls, it may face the potential inability to fund capital contributions. Any failure by the Fund to make timely capital contributions in respect of its commitments may (i) impair the ability of the Fund to pursue its investment program, (ii) force the Fund to borrow, (iii) indirectly cause the Fund to be subject to certain penalties from the private fund (including the forfeiture of a portion of the Fund’s capital contribution to such private fund), or (iv) otherwise impair the value of the Fund’s investments (including the devaluation of the Fund). private fund returns may exhibit greater correlations among each other or with fixed-income or equity indices than anticipated by the Adviser, particularly during times of general market turmoil. A private fund manager may invest the private fund’s assets in securities of non-U.S. issuers, including those in emerging markets, and the Fund’s assets may be invested in private funds that may be denominated in non-U.S. currencies, thereby exposing the Fund to various risks that may not be applicable to U.S. securities. A private fund manager may focus primarily on a particular industry, which would subject the private fund, and thus the Fund, to greater risk and volatility than if investments had been made in issuers in a broader range of industries. A private fund manager may focus on a particular country or geographic region, which may subject the private fund, and thus the Fund, to greater risk and volatility than if investments had been made in issuers in a broader range of geographic regions. A private fund manager may use derivatives for speculative or hedging purposes. A private fund may incur leverage for investment or other purposes, which may increase the volatility of the private fund. A private fund manager may sell short securities held by the private fund, which presents the risk of unlimited loss because of increases in the market price of the security sold short, and the risk that the private fund’s short selling activities may be adversely affected by regulatory restrictions that may be imposed at any time. A private fund manager may change the private fund’s investment strategies at any time (subject to any required notification and/or consent provisions set forth in the private fund’s governing documents). A private fund manager may invest the private fund’s assets without limitation in restricted and illiquid securities. A private fund manager may invest the private fund’s assets in equity securities without limitation as to market capitalization. A private fund may invest in equity securities issued by smaller capitalization companies, including micro-cap companies, the prices of which may be subject to erratic market movements. private funds are not publicly traded and therefore are not liquid investments. Please see “Liquidity Risk” for a description of risks associated with illiquid securities. As a result, the Fund may consider information provided by the private fund manager to determine the value of the Fund’s investment in the private fund. The valuation provided by the private fund manager as of a specific date may vary from the actual sale price that may be obtained if such investment were sold to a third party. The Fund’s Valuation Committee will use reasonable due diligence to value securities and may also consider information provided by the private funds, including quarterly unaudited financial statements, which if inaccurate could adversely affect the Valuation Committee’s ability to value accurately the Fund’s shares. private funds that invest primarily in publicly traded securities are more easily valued. In addition to valuation risk, an investor in a private fund (including the Fund) is not entitled to the protections of the 1940 Act. For example, private funds need not have independent boards, may not require shareholder approval of advisory contracts, may leverage to an unlimited extent, and may engage in joint transactions with affiliates. As a result, private funds may make significant use of leverage, which has the potential to magnify losses versus funds that do not employ leverage. Please see “Leverage Risk” above for a description of risks associated with the use of leverage. Additionally, private fund managers may have limited operating histories upon which to evaluate their performance, and some private fund managers may not be registered under the Advisers Act. Further, private fund managers may charge investors (such as the Fund) asset-based fees and incentive allocations or fees of as much as 20% of a private fund’s net profits (or more in certain limited circumstances), which may create incentives for private fund managers to make investments that are riskier or more speculative than in the absence of these fees. These characteristics present additional risks, including the possibility of total risk of loss, for shareholders. | |
Pharmaceutical and Patent Royalties Risk [Member] | | |
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | | |
Risk [Text Block] | Pharmaceutical and Patent Royalties Risk A pharmaceutical or patent royalty is compensation paid to the owner of a patent for use of that patent. The Fund may invest in structured products that are tied to pharmaceutical and patent royalty streams, such as bankruptcy remote special purpose entities whose underlying assets are royalty license agreements and intellectual property rights related to a medical product or particular drug. Royalty securities may include bonds, loans and equity issued by the special purpose entity. Healthcare and pharmaceutical companies are highly regulated and frequently the subjects of litigation. Royalty streams from medical and drug patents are based on sales revenues, so a change in regulations, enforcement, or the litigation landscape could greatly impact revenue streams. Further, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) continuously reviews drugs and their manufacturers, and has the authority to mandate the removal of a drug from the market. The Fund may gain exposure to medical and drug patent royalties through structured products that include direct royalties, as well as royalty-based debt and credit. In addition, the Fund may invest in securities of issuers whose main source of revenue is medical and drug patent royalties. Structured products that derive income from medical and drug patent royalties are subject to various risks, including pricing pressures, insufficient demand, product competition, failure of clinical trials, lack of market acceptance, loss of patent protection, and other factors related to the failure of development-stage products to reach the market. Future income derived from medical and drug patent royalties is based upon assumptions specific to an anticipated royalty stream, and a failure to accurately predict such streams may lead to a risk of loss or lower than expected returns. In a typical structure in the pharmaceutical industry, a small pharmaceutical company that develops a compound may license the commercial opportunity to a large-cap pharmaceutical company in exchange for payments upon completion of certain milestones (for example, FDA approval) and a percentage of future product sales. Upon securing the right to receive royalties on product sales, the small pharmaceutical company finances a loan or bond secured by the royalty stream, which is typically non-recourse to either of the pharmaceutical companies. In addition, a company, the sponsor, may create a wholly owned subsidiary, the issuer, that issues the royalty securities. The sponsor sells, assigns and contributes to the issuer rights under one or more license agreements, including the right to receive royalties and certain other payments from sales of the pharmaceutical or other products. The sponsor also pledges the equity ownership interests in the issuer to the trustee under the indenture related to the notes. In return, the sponsor receives the proceeds of the securities from the issuer. The issuer of the securities grants a security interest in its assets to the trustee and is responsible for the debt service on the notes. An interest reserve account may be established to provide a source for payments should there be a cash flow shortfall for one or more periods. Many structures include a 100% cash flow sweep, which means that the principal is paid down by all cash flows received. Although the notes may have a legal maturity date of up to five to sixteen years from issuance, the expected weighted average maturity of the notes may be significantly shorter because of expected required principal repayments if funds are available. If the issuer of the loan or bond defaults, any recourse will be limited to the issuer (which is formed for the limited purpose of purchasing and holding the license agreement or related intellectual property) and the collateral. The pharmaceutical or other company sponsoring the special purpose entity will generally not have the obligation to contribute additional equity to the issuer. If the sponsor of the issuer were to become a debtor in a bankruptcy case, a creditor, debtor in possession or trustee could request that the bankruptcy court substantively consolidate the issuer of the royalty security with the sponsor and/or recharacterize the transaction pursuant to which the royalty stream was transferred to the issuer and/or take other actions challenging the transaction. To the extent that these efforts are successful, these actions may adversely impact the investments held by the Fund. | |
Mezzanine Securities Risk [Member] | | |
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | | |
Risk [Text Block] | Mezzanine Securities Risk Most of the Fund’s mezzanine securities and other investments (if any) are expected to be unsecured and made in companies whose capital structures have significant indebtedness ranking ahead of the investments, all or a significant portion of which may be secured. While the securities and other investments may benefit from the same or similar financial and other covenants as those enjoyed by the indebtedness ranking ahead of the investments and may benefit from cross-default provisions and security over the portfolio company’s assets, some or all of such terms may not be part of particular investments. Mezzanine securities and other investments generally are subject to various risks including, without limitation: (i) a subsequent characterization of an investment as a “fraudulent conveyance”; (ii) the recovery as a “preference” of liens perfected or payments made on account of a debt in the 90 days before a bankruptcy filing; (iii) equitable subordination claims by other creditors; (iv) so-called “lender liability” claims by the issuer of the obligations; and (v) environmental liabilities that may arise with respect to collateral securing the obligations. | |
Below Investment Grade Instruments Risk [Member] | | |
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | | |
Risk [Text Block] | Below Investment Grade Instruments Risk The Fund may invest in debt securities and instruments that are rated below investment grade by recognized rating agencies or will be unrated and face ongoing uncertainties and exposure to adverse business, financial or economic conditions and the issuer’s failure to make timely interest and principal payments. Such securities and instruments are generally not exchange-traded and, as a result, trade in the over-the-counter (“OTC”) marketplace, which is less transparent than the exchange-traded marketplace. In addition, the Fund may invest in bonds of issuers that do not have publicly traded equity securities, making it more difficult to hedge the risks associated with such investments. The Fund’s investments in below investment grade instruments expose it to a substantial degree of credit risk and interest rate risk. The market for high yield securities has recently experienced periods of significant volatility and reduced liquidity. The market values of certain of these lower-rated and unrated debt investments tend to reflect individual corporate developments to a greater extent and tend to be more sensitive to economic conditions than those of higher-rated investments, which react primarily to fluctuations in the general level of interest rates. Companies that issue such securities are often highly leveraged and may not have available to them more traditional methods of financing. Major economic recessions such as those recently (and in some cases, currently) experienced globally may disrupt severely the market for such securities, and may have an adverse impact on the value of such securities and the ability of the issuers of such securities to repay principal and interest thereon, thereby increasing the incidence of default of such securities. Adverse publicity and investor perceptions, whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may also decrease the value and liquidity of these high yield debt securities. | |
Credit Risk [Member] | | |
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | | |
Risk [Text Block] | Credit Risk The Fund’s debt investments will be subject to the risk of non-payment of scheduled interest or principal by the Borrowers with respect to such investments. Such non-payment would likely result in a reduction of income to the Fund and a reduction in the value of the debt investments experiencing non-payment. Although the Fund may invest in investments that the Adviser believes are secured by specific collateral, the value of which may exceed the principal amount of the investments at the time of initial investment, there can be no assurance that the liquidation of any such collateral would satisfy the Borrower’s obligation in the event of non-payment of scheduled interest or principal payments with respect to such investment, or that such collateral could be readily liquidated. In addition, in the event of bankruptcy of a Borrower, the Fund could experience delays or limitations with respect to its ability to realize the benefits of the collateral securing an investment. Under certain circumstances, collateral securing an investment may be released without the consent of the Fund. The Fund may also invest in high yield instruments and other unsecured investments, each of which involves a higher degree of risk than senior loans. The Fund’s right to payment and its security interest, if any, may be subordinated to the payment rights and security interests of more senior creditors. Certain of these investments may have an interest-only payment schedule, with the principal amount remaining outstanding and at risk until the maturity of the investment. In this case, a portfolio company’s ability to repay the principal of an investment may be dependent upon a liquidity event or the long-term success of the company, the occurrence of which is uncertain. Companies in which the Fund invests could deteriorate as a result of, among other factors, an adverse development in their business, a change in the competitive environment or an economic downturn. As a result, companies that the Fund expected to be stable may operate, or expect to operate, at a loss or have significant variations in operating results, may require substantial additional capital to support their operations or maintain their competitive position, or may otherwise have a weak financial condition or be experiencing financial distress. | |
Inflation/Deflation Risk [Member] | | |
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | | |
Risk [Text Block] | Inflation/Deflation Risk Inflation risk is the risk that the value of certain assets or income from the Fund’s investments will be worth less in the future as inflation decreases the value of money. As inflation increases, the real value of the shares and distributions on the shares can decline. In addition, during any periods of rising inflation, the dividend rates or borrowing costs associated with the Fund’s use of leverage would likely increase, which would tend to further reduce returns to shareholders. Deflation risk is the risk that prices throughout the economy decline over time—the opposite of inflation. Deflation may have an adverse effect on the creditworthiness of issuers and may make issuer defaults more likely, which may result in a decline in the value of the Fund’s portfolio. | |
Prepayment Risk [Member] | | |
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | | |
Risk [Text Block] | Prepayment Risk Prepayment risk occurs when a debt investment held by the Fund can be repaid in whole or in part prior to its maturity. The amount of prepayable obligations in which the Fund invests from time to time may be affected by general business conditions, market interest rates, borrowers’ financial conditions and competitive conditions among lenders. In a period of declining interest rates, borrowers may prepay investments more quickly than anticipated, reducing the yield to maturity and the average life of the relevant investment. Moreover, when the Fund reinvests the proceeds of a prepayment in these circumstances, it will likely receive a rate of interest that is lower than the rate on the security that was prepaid. To the extent that the Fund purchases the relevant investment at a premium, prepayments may result in a loss to the extent of the premium paid. If the Fund buys such investments at a discount, both scheduled payments and unscheduled prepayments will increase current and total returns and unscheduled prepayments will also accelerate the recognition of income which may be taxable as ordinary income to shareholders. In a period of rising interest rates, prepayments of investments may occur at a slower than expected rate, creating maturity extension risk. This particular risk may effectively change an investment that was considered short- or intermediate-term at the time of purchase into a longer-term investment. Since the value of longer-term investments generally fluctuates more widely in response to changes in interest rates than shorter-term investments, maturity extension risk could increase the volatility of the Fund. When interest rates decline, the value of an investment with prepayment features may not increase as much as that of other fixed-income instruments, and, as noted above, changes in market rates of interest may accelerate or delay prepayments and thus affect maturities. | |
Lender Liability Risk [Member] | | |
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | | |
Risk [Text Block] | Lender Liability Risk A number of U.S. judicial decisions have upheld judgments obtained by Borrowers against lending institutions on the basis of various evolving legal theories, collectively termed “lender liability.” Generally, lender liability is founded on the premise that a lender has violated a duty (whether implied or contractual) of good faith, commercial reasonableness and fair dealing, or a similar duty owed to the Borrower or has assumed an excessive degree of control over the Borrower resulting in the creation of a fiduciary duty owed to the Borrower or its other creditors or shareholders. Because of the nature of its investments, the Fund may be subject to allegations of lender liability. In addition, under common law principles that in some cases form the basis for lender liability claims, if a lender or bondholder (i) intentionally takes an action that results in the undercapitalization of a Borrower to the detriment of other creditors of such Borrower, (ii) engages in other inequitable conduct to the detriment of such other creditors, (iii) engages in fraud with respect to, or makes misrepresentations to, such other creditors or (iv) uses its influence as a stockholder to dominate or control a Borrower to the detriment of other creditors of such Borrower, a court may elect to subordinate the claim of the offending lender or bondholder to the claims of the disadvantaged creditor or creditors, a remedy called “equitable subordination.” Because affiliates of, or persons related to, the Adviser may hold equity or other interests in obligors of the Fund, the Fund could be exposed to claims for equitable subordination or lender liability or both based on such equity or other holdings. | |
U S Government Debt Securities Risk [Member] | | |
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | | |
Risk [Text Block] | U.S. Government Debt Securities Risk U.S. government debt securities generally do not involve the credit risks associated with investments in other types of debt securities, although, as a result, the yields available from U.S. government debt securities are generally lower than the yields available from other securities. Like other debt securities, however, the values of U.S. government securities change as interest rates fluctuate. Fluctuations in the value of portfolio securities will not affect interest income on existing portfolio securities but will be reflected in the Fund’s NAV. Since the magnitude of these fluctuations will generally be greater at times when the Fund’s average maturity is longer, under certain market conditions the Fund may, for temporary defensive purposes, accept lower current income from short-term investments rather than investing in higher yielding long-term securities. | |
Liquidity Risk [Member] | | |
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | | |
Risk [Text Block] | Liquidity Risk The Fund is a closed-end investment company structured as an “interval fund” and designed for long-term investors. Unlike many closed-end investment companies, the Fund’s shares are not listed on any securities exchange and are not publicly traded. There is currently no secondary market for the shares and the Fund expects that no secondary market will develop. Liquidity is provided to shareholders only through the Fund’s quarterly repurchase offers for no less than 5% of the shares outstanding at NAV. There is no guarantee that shareholders will be able to sell all of the shares they desire in a quarterly repurchase offer. The Fund’s investments are also subject to liquidity risk. Liquidity risk exists when particular investments of the Fund would be difficult to purchase or sell, possibly preventing the Fund from selling such illiquid securities at an advantageous time or price, or possibly requiring the Fund to dispose of other investments at unfavorable times or prices in order to satisfy its obligations. Funds with principal investment strategies that involve securities of companies with smaller market capitalizations, derivatives or securities with substantial market and/or credit risk tend to have the greatest exposure to liquidity risk. The Fund may invest without limit in securities that, at the time of investment, are illiquid. The Fund may also invest in restricted securities. Investments in restricted securities could have the effect of increasing the amount of the Fund’s assets invested in illiquid securities if qualified institutional buyers are unwilling to purchase these securities. The market price of illiquid and restricted securities generally is more volatile than that of more liquid securities, which may adversely affect the price that the Fund pays for or recovers upon the sale of such securities. Illiquid and restricted securities are also more difficult to value, especially in challenging markets. The Adviser’s judgment may play a greater role in the valuation process. Investment of the Fund’s assets in illiquid and restricted securities may restrict the Fund’s ability to take advantage of market opportunities. In order to dispose of an unregistered security, the Fund, where it has contractual rights to do so, may have to cause such security to be registered. A considerable period may elapse between the time the decision is made to sell the security and the time the security is registered, thereby enabling the Fund to sell it. Contractual restrictions on the resale of securities vary in length and scope and are generally the result of a negotiation between the issuer and acquiror of the securities. In either case, the Fund would bear market risks during that period. Some loans and fixed-income instruments are not readily marketable and may be subject to restrictions on resale. Loans and fixed-income instruments may not be listed on any national securities exchange and no active trading market may exist for certain of the loans and fixed-income instruments in which the Fund will invest. Where a secondary market exists, the market for some loans and fixed-income instruments may be subject to irregular trading activity, wide bid/ask spreads and extended trade settlement periods. In addition, events occurring subsequent to an investment by the Fund, including, for example, withdrawals, changes in market, political or other relevant circumstances, may cause some loans and fixed-income instruments that were liquid at the time of acquisition to become illiquid or otherwise cause the Fund’s concentration in illiquid investments to increase. | |
Issuer Risk [Member] | | |
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | | |
Risk [Text Block] | Issuer Risk The value of a specific security can be more volatile than the market as a whole and can perform differently from the value of the market as a whole. The value of an issuer’s securities that are held in the Fund’s portfolio may decline for a number of reasons which directly relate to the issuer, such as management performance, financial leverage and reduced demand for the issuer’s goods and services. | |
Management Risk [Member] | | |
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | | |
Risk [Text Block] | Management Risk The Fund’s NAV changes daily based on the performance of the securities and derivatives in which it invests. The Adviser’s judgments about the attractiveness, value and potential appreciation of particular asset classes and securities in which the Fund invests (directly or indirectly) may prove to be incorrect and may not produce the desired results. Additionally, the Adviser’s judgments about the potential performance of a private fund may also prove incorrect and may not produce the desired results. | |
Dependence on Key Personnel Risk [Member] | | |
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | | |
Risk [Text Block] | Dependence on Key Personnel Risk The Adviser depends on the efforts, skills, reputations and business contacts of its key personnel, the information and deal flow they and others generate during the normal course of their activities and the synergies among the diverse fields of expertise and knowledge held by the Adviser’s professionals. The loss of the services of any of them could have a material adverse effect on the Fund and could harm the Adviser’s ability to manage the Fund. The Adviser’s principals and other key personnel possess substantial experience and expertise and have strong business relationships with members of the business community. Specifically, the Adviser’s key personnel have extensive experience and business relationships in the insurance industry. The loss of these personnel could jeopardize the Adviser’s relationships with members of the business community and could result in fewer investment opportunities for the Fund. For example, if any of the Adviser’s principals were to join or form a competing firm, the Fund’s results and financial condition could suffer. | |
Conflicts of Interest Risk [Member] | | |
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | | |
Risk [Text Block] | Conflicts of Interest Risk The Adviser (and its affiliates) and the Portfolio Managers (and the portfolio managers for clients managed by affiliates of the Adviser) manage the assets of and/or provide advice to individual accounts, as well as to the Fund. The Fund has no interest in the activities of the Adviser’s other clients. In addition, the Adviser and its affiliates, and any of their respective officers, directors, partners, members or employees, may invest for their own accounts in various investment opportunities, including in investment funds, private investment companies or other investment vehicles in which the Fund will have no interest. However, there are no affiliations or arrangements between the Adviser’s or its affiliates’ clients, the private funds in which the Fund invests and the asset managers to such private funds. The Adviser (and its affiliates) and the Portfolio Managers (and the portfolio managers for clients managed by affiliates of the Adviser) will experience conflicts of interest in connection with the management of the Fund relating to the allocation of the Adviser’s time and resources between the Fund and other investment activities; the allocation of investment opportunities by the Adviser and its affiliates (including client accounts managed by affiliates of the Adviser); compensation to the Adviser; services that may be provided by the Adviser, its investment professionals and its affiliates to issuers in which the Fund invests; investment by the Fund and other clients of the Adviser, subject to the limitations of the 1940 Act; the formation of additional investment funds by the Adviser or its affiliates; differing recommendations given by the Adviser to the Fund versus other clients of the Adviser and its affiliates; the Adviser’s use of information gained from issuers in the Fund’s portfolio investments by other clients, subject to applicable law; and restrictions on the Adviser’s use of non-public information with respect to potential investments by the Fund. The Adviser and/or its affiliates may from time to time obtain non-public information regarding certain issuers or other investment opportunities, which information may be material. As a result of the federal and state securities laws’ prohibition on trading on the basis of material non-public information, the Fund may be prohibited from buying or selling securities or pursuing a transaction or investment opportunity, which may result in a loss (actual or potential) to the Fund. See “Conflicts of Interest.” | |
Distribution Policy Risk [Member] | | |
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | | |
Risk [Text Block] | Distribution Policy Risk The Fund’s distribution policy may, under certain circumstances, have certain adverse consequences to the Fund and its shareholders because it may result in a return of capital resulting in less of a shareholder’s assets being invested in the Fund and, over time, increase the Fund’s expense ratio. A return of capital may also reduce a shareholder’s tax basis, resulting in higher taxes when the shareholder sells his shares, and may cause a shareholder to pay taxes even if he sells his shares for less than the original purchase price. | |
Repurchase Policy Risks [Member] | | |
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | | |
Risk [Text Block] | Repurchase Policy Risks Quarterly repurchases by the Fund of its shares typically will be funded from borrowing proceeds, available cash or sales of portfolio securities. However, payment for repurchased shares may require the Fund to liquidate portfolio holdings earlier than the Adviser otherwise would liquidate such holdings, potentially resulting in losses, and may increase the Fund’s portfolio turnover. The Adviser may take measures to attempt to avoid or minimize such potential losses and turnover, and instead of liquidating portfolio holdings, may borrow money to finance repurchases of shares. If the Fund borrows to finance repurchases, interest on any such borrowing will negatively affect shareholders who do not tender their shares in a repurchase offer by increasing the Fund’s expenses and reducing any net investment income. To the extent the Fund finances repurchase proceeds by selling investments, the Fund may hold a larger proportion of its gross assets in less liquid securities. Also, the sale of securities to fund repurchases could reduce the market price of those securities, which in turn would reduce the Fund’s NAV. Repurchases of shares will tend to reduce the amount of outstanding shares and, depending upon the Fund’s investment performance, its net assets. A reduction in the Fund’s net assets may increase the Fund’s expense ratio to the extent that additional shares are not sold. In addition, the repurchase of shares by the Fund may be a taxable event to shareholders. | |
Co Investment Transactions [Member] | | |
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | | |
Risk [Text Block] | Co-Investment Transactions As a closed-end investment company, the Fund may be limited in its ability to invest in any portfolio company in which an affiliates’ other client has an investment. The Fund may also be limited in its ability to co-invest in a portfolio company with the Adviser or one or more of its affiliates. Some of these co-investments would only be permitted pursuant to an exemptive order from the SEC. | |
Legal and Regulatory Risks [Member] | | |
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | | |
Risk [Text Block] | Legal and Regulatory Risks Legal, tax and regulatory changes could occur that may adversely affect the Fund and its investment results, and/or some or all of the shareholders. Recent economic events have given rise to a political climate that may result in the Adviser and the Fund becoming subject to increased regulatory scrutiny and/or entirely new legal, tax or regulatory regimes both within the United States and in other countries in which the Fund may directly or indirectly invest. The Fund may be adversely affected as a result of new or revised legislation, or regulations imposed by the SEC, CFTC, IRS, Federal Reserve, other U.S. or non-U.S. tax or governmental regulatory authorities or self-regulatory organizations that supervise the financial markets. The Fund and/or some or all of the shareholders also may be adversely affected by changes in the interpretation or enforcement of existing laws and rules by these governmental authorities and self-regulatory organizations. It is not possible to determine the extent of the impact of any new or revised laws, regulations or initiatives that may be proposed, or whether any of the proposals will become law. Compliance with any new laws or regulations could be more difficult and expensive, and may have a material adverse effect on the Fund and/or some or all of the shareholders. The regulation of alternative investment management companies and investment funds (including private equity funds and hedge funds) is evolving, and changes in the regulation of alternative investment management companies and investment funds may adversely affect the ability of the Fund to pursue its investment objective. In addition, from time to time the market for private equity transactions has been adversely affected by regulatory pressures on providers of financing to reduce or eliminate their exposure to such transactions. It is not possible to determine the extent of the impact of any new laws, regulations or initiatives that may be proposed, or whether any of the proposals will become law and the consequences attendant therewith. Compliance with any new laws or regulations could be more difficult and expensive than compliance with existing regimes and may affect the manner in which the Fund conducts business. New laws or regulations may also subject the Fund or some or all of its shareholders to increased taxes or other costs. In addition, the market for private equity transactions has been adversely affected by a decrease in the availability of financing for transactions. Each prospective investor should be aware that tax laws and regulations are changing on an ongoing basis, and such laws and regulations may be changed with retroactive effect. Moreover, the interpretation and application of tax laws and regulations by certain tax authorities may not be clear, consistent or transparent. Uncertainty in the tax law may require the Fund to accrue potential tax liabilities even in situations where the Fund and/or the shareholders do not expect to be ultimately subject to such tax liabilities. In that regard, accounting standards and/or related tax reporting obligations may change, giving rise to additional accrual and/or other obligations. Each prospective investor should also be aware that other developments in the tax laws of the United States or other jurisdictions where the Fund invests could have a material effect on the tax consequences to the shareholders, the Fund and/or the Fund’s direct and indirect subsidiaries discussed in this prospectus and that shareholders may be required to provide certain additional information to the Fund (which may be provided to the IRS or other taxing authorities) or may be subject to other adverse consequences as a result of such change in tax laws. In the event of any such change in law, each shareholder is urged to consult its own tax advisors. | |
Valuation Risk [Member] | | |
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | | |
Risk [Text Block] | Valuation Risk Unlike publicly traded common stock which trades on national exchanges, there is no central place or exchange for loans or fixed-income instruments to trade. Loans and fixed-income instruments generally trade on an OTC market, which may be anywhere in the world where the buyer and seller can settle on a price. Due to the lack of centralized information and trading, the valuation of loans or fixed-income instruments may carry more risk than that of common stock. Uncertainties in the conditions of the financial market, unreliable reference data, lack of transparency and inconsistency of valuation models and processes may lead to inaccurate asset pricing. In addition, other market participants may value securities differently than the Fund. As a result, the Fund may be subject to the risk that when a loan or fixed-income instrument is sold in the market, the amount received by the Fund is less than the value of such loans or fixed-income instruments carried on the Fund’s books. | |
Portfolio Turnover Risk [Member] | | |
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | | |
Risk [Text Block] | Portfolio Turnover Risk The Fund’s annual portfolio turnover rate may vary greatly from year to year, as well as within a given year. Although the Fund cannot accurately predict its annual portfolio turnover rate, it is not expected to exceed 100% under normal circumstances. However, portfolio turnover rate is not considered a limiting factor in the execution of investment decisions for the Fund. High portfolio turnover may result in the realization of net short-term capital gains by the Fund which, when distributed to shareholders, will be taxable as ordinary income. A high portfolio turnover may increase the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits, resulting in a greater portion of the Fund’s distributions being treated as a dividend to the Fund’s shareholders. In addition, a higher portfolio turnover rate results in correspondingly greater brokerage commissions and other transactional expenses that are borne by the Fund. | |
Wholly Owned Subsidiary Risk [Member] | | |
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | | |
Risk [Text Block] | Wholly-Owned Subsidiary Risk The Fund may invest up to 25% of its assets in the Subsidiary. The Fund, by investing in the Subsidiary, will not have all of the protections offered to investors in registered investment companies. However, the Fund wholly owns and controls its Subsidiary, and the Fund and its Subsidiary are both managed by the Adviser, making it unlikely that a subsidiary will take action contrary to the interests of a Fund or its shareholders. The Board has oversight responsibility for the investment activities of the Fund, including investment in the Subsidiary, and the Fund’s role as the sole shareholder of its subsidiary. Also, the Adviser, in managing the Subsidiary’s portfolio, will be subject to the same investment strategies, risks, investment restrictions and operational guidelines that apply to the Fund. Changes in the laws of the United States and/or the Cayman Islands, under which the Fund and its Subsidiary, respectively, are organized, could result in the inability of the Fund and/or Subsidiary to operate as described in this Prospectus and could negatively affect the Fund and its shareholders. For example, the Cayman Islands does not currently impose any income, corporate or capital gains tax, estate duty, inheritance tax, gift tax or withholding tax on the Subsidiary. If Cayman Islands law changes such that a subsidiary must pay Cayman Islands taxes, Fund shareholders would likely suffer decreased investment returns. | |
Availability of Investment Opportunities Competition [Member] | | |
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | | |
Risk [Text Block] | Availability of Investment Opportunities; Competition The activity of identifying, completing and realizing the types of investment opportunities targeted by the Adviser for the Fund is competitive and involves a significant degree of uncertainty. The Fund competes for investment opportunities with other investment companies and private investment vehicles, as well as the public debt markets, individuals and financial institutions, including investment banks, commercial banks and insurance companies, business development companies, strategic industry acquirers, hedge funds and other institutional investors, investing directly or through affiliates. Over the past several years, a number of such investment vehicles have been formed (and many such existing entities have grown in size). Additional entities with similar investment objectives may be formed in the future by other unrelated parties. It is possible that competition for appropriate investment opportunities may increase, thus reducing the number of opportunities available to the Fund. Such supply-side competition may adversely affect the terms upon which investments can be made by the Fund. Moreover, transaction sponsors unaffiliated with the Fund or the Adviser may be reluctant to present investment opportunities to the Fund because of its affiliation with the Adviser. There can be no assurance that the Adviser will be able to locate and complete investments which satisfy the Fund’s primary investment objectives or to realize upon their values. | |
Material Risks Of Principal Methods Of Analysis [Member] | | |
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | | |
Risk [Text Block] | Material Risks of Principal Methods of Analysis The Adviser seeks to conduct reasonable and appropriate due diligence based on the facts and circumstances applicable to each investment. When conducting due diligence and making an assessment regarding an investment for the Fund, the Adviser relies on available resources, including information provided by the target of the investment and, in some circumstances, third-party investigations. As a result, the due diligence process may at times be subjective with respect to recently organized companies for which only limited information is available. Accordingly, the Adviser cannot be certain that due diligence investigations with respect to any investment opportunity for the Fund will reveal or highlight all relevant facts (including fraud) that may be necessary or helpful in evaluating such investment opportunity, or that its due diligence investigations will result in investments for the Fund being successful. There can be no assurance that the projected results of an investment opportunity will be achieved for the Fund, and actual results may vary significantly from the projections. General economic, natural, and other conditions, which are not predictable, can have an adverse impact on the reliability of such projections. Assumptions or projections about asset lives; the stability, growth, or predictability of costs; demand; or revenues generated by an investment or other factors associated therewith may, due to various risks and uncertainties including those described herein, differ materially from actual results. | |
Market Developments [Member] | | |
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | | |
Risk [Text Block] | Market Developments Although the market is not currently experiencing the same levels of disruption as during 2008 to 2009, extreme volatility or market disruption may recur in the future. Instability in the credit markets may make it more difficult for a number of issuers of debt securities to obtain financing or refinancing for their investment or lending activities or operations. In particular, because of volatile conditions in the credit markets, issuers of debt securities may be subject to increased cost for debt, tightening underwriting standards and reduced liquidity for loans they make, securities they purchase and securities they issue. For example, certain Borrowers may, due to macroeconomic conditions, be unable to repay secured loans. A Borrower’s failure to satisfy financial or operating covenants imposed by lenders could lead to defaults and, potentially, termination of the secured loans and foreclosure on its secured assets, which could trigger cross-defaults under other agreements and jeopardize the Borrower’s ability to meet its obligations under its debt securities. The Fund may incur expenses to the extent necessary to seek recovery upon default or to negotiate new terms with a defaulting Borrower. In addition, if one of the Borrowers were to commence bankruptcy proceedings, even though the Fund may have structured its interest as senior debt, depending on the facts and circumstances, a bankruptcy court might recharacterize the Fund’s debt holding and subordinate all or a portion of its claim to that of other creditors. Adverse economic conditions also may decrease the value of collateral securing some of the Fund’s loans and the value of its equity investments. A recession, such as the current recession, could lead to financial losses in the Fund’s portfolio and a decrease in revenues, net income and the value of the Fund’s assets. These developments may increase the volatility of the value of securities owned by the Fund. These developments also may make it more difficult for the Fund to accurately value its securities or to sell its securities on a timely basis. These developments could adversely affect the ability of the Fund to use leverage for investment purposes and increase the cost of such leverage, which would reduce returns to the holders of shares. These developments also may adversely affect the broader economy, which in turn may adversely affect the ability of issuers of securities owned by the Fund to make payments of principal and interest when due, leading to lower credit ratings of the issuer and increased defaults by the issuer. Such developments could, in turn, reduce the value of securities owned by the Fund and adversely affect the NAV. | |
Government Intervention In The Financial Markets [Member] | | |
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | | |
Risk [Text Block] | Government Intervention in the Financial Markets The recent instability in the financial markets has led the U.S. government to take a number of unprecedented actions designed to support certain financial institutions and segments of the financial markets that have experienced extreme volatility, and in some cases a lack of liquidity. Federal, state, and other governments, their regulatory agencies or self-regulatory organizations may take additional actions that affect the regulation of the securities or structured products in which the Fund invests, or the issuers of such securities or structured products, in ways that are unforeseeable. Borrowers under secured loans held by the Fund may seek protection under the bankruptcy laws. Legislation or regulation may also change the way in which the Fund itself is regulated. Such legislation or regulation could limit or preclude the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objectives. The Adviser will monitor developments and seek to manage the Fund’s portfolio in a manner consistent with achieving the Fund’s investment objectives, but there can be no assurance that it will be successful in doing so. | |
Anti Takeover Provisions [Member] | | |
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | | |
Risk [Text Block] | Anti-Takeover Provisions The Fund’s Declaration of Trust includes provisions that could limit the ability of other entities or persons to acquire control of the Fund or convert the Fund to open-end status. These provisions could deprive the holders of shares of opportunities to sell their shares at NAV. | |
Complex Transactions Contingent Liabilities Guarantees and Indemnities [Member] | | |
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | | |
Risk [Text Block] | Complex Transactions/Contingent Liabilities/Guarantees and Indemnities The Adviser may pursue complex investment opportunities for the Fund, which may involve substantial business, regulatory or legal complexity. Such complexity presents risks, as such transactions can be more difficult, expensive and time-consuming to finance and execute; it can be more difficult to manage or realize value from the assets acquired in such transactions; and such transactions sometimes entail a higher level of regulatory scrutiny or a greater risk of contingent liabilities. Additionally, in connection with certain transactions, the Fund may be required to make representations about the business and financial affairs of a portfolio company, provide guarantees in respect of payments by portfolio companies and other third parties and provide indemnities against losses caused by portfolio companies and other third parties. The Fund may also be required to indemnify the purchasers of such investment to the extent that any such representations are inaccurate. These arrangements may result in the incurrence of contingent liabilities by the Fund, even after the disposition of an investment and ultimately in material losses. | |
Uncertain Tax Treatment [Member] | | |
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | | |
Risk [Text Block] | Uncertain Tax Treatment The Fund may invest a portion of its net assets in below investment grade instruments. Investments in these types of instruments may present special tax issues for the Fund. U.S. federal income tax rules are not entirely clear about issues such as when the Fund may cease to accrue interest, OID or market discount, when and to what extent deductions may be taken for bad debts or worthless instruments, how payments received on obligations in default should be allocated between principal and income and whether exchanges of debt obligations in a bankruptcy or workout context are taxable. These and other issues will be addressed by the Fund, to the extent necessary, in order to seek to ensure that it distributes sufficient income to ensure that it does not become subject to U.S. federal income or excise tax. | |
Risks Relating to the Funds RIC Status [Member] | | |
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | | |
Risk [Text Block] | Risks Relating to the Fund’s RIC Status To qualify and remain eligible for the special tax treatment accorded to RICs and their shareholders under the Code, the Fund must meet certain source-of-income, asset diversification and annual distribution requirements. Very generally, in order to qualify as a RIC, the Fund must derive at least 90% of its gross income for each taxable year from dividends, interest, payments with respect to certain securities loans, gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities or foreign currencies, net income derived from an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership or other income derived with respect to its business of investing in stock or other securities and currencies. The Fund must also meet certain asset diversification requirements at the end of each quarter of each of its taxable years. Failure to meet these diversification requirements on the last day of a quarter may result in the Fund having to dispose of certain investments quickly in order to prevent the loss of RIC status. Any such dispositions could be made at disadvantageous prices or times, and may result in substantial losses to the Fund. In addition, in order to be eligible for the special tax treatment accorded RICs, the Fund must meet the annual distribution requirement, requiring it to distribute with respect to each taxable year at least 90% of the sum of its “investment company taxable income” (generally its taxable ordinary income and realized net short-term capital gains in excess of realized net long-term capital losses, if any) and its net tax-exempt income (if any), to its shareholders. If the Fund fails to qualify as a RIC for any reason and becomes subject to corporate tax, the resulting corporate taxes could substantially reduce its net assets, the amount of income available for distribution and the amount of its distributions. Such a failure would have a material adverse effect on the Fund and its Shareholders. In addition, the Fund could be required to recognize unrealized gains, pay substantial taxes and interest and make substantial distributions in order to re-qualify as a RIC. | |
RIC Related Risks of Investments Generating Non-Cash Taxable Income [Member] | | |
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | | |
Risk [Text Block] | RIC-Related Risks of Investments Generating Non-Cash Taxable Income Certain of the Fund’s investments will require the Fund to recognize taxable income in a taxable year in excess of the cash generated on those investments during that year. In particular, the Fund expects to invest in loans and other debt obligations that will be treated as having “market discount” and/or OID for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Because the Fund may be required to recognize income in respect of these investments before, or without receiving, cash representing such income, the Fund may have difficulty satisfying the annual distribution requirements applicable to RICs and avoiding Fund-level U.S. federal income and/or excise taxes. Accordingly, the Fund may be required to sell assets, including at potentially disadvantageous times or prices, borrow, raise additional equity capital, make taxable distributions of its shares or debt securities, or reduce new investments, to obtain the cash needed to make these income distributions. If the Fund liquidates assets to raise cash, the Fund may realize gain or loss on such liquidations; in the event the Fund realizes net capital gains from such liquidation transactions, its shareholders may receive larger capital gain distributions than they would in the absence of such transactions. | |
Class A Shares [Member] | | |
Fee Table [Abstract] | | |
Sales Load [Percent] | 5% | |
Other Transaction Expenses [Abstract] | | |
Management Fees [Percent] | 1.50% | |
Distribution/Servicing Fees [Percent] | 0.25% | |
Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses [Percent] | 0.05% | [1],[2] |
Other Annual Expenses [Abstract] | | |
Other Annual Expenses [Percent] | 4.86% | |
Total Annual Expenses [Percent] | 6.66% | |
Waivers and Reimbursements of Fees [Percent] | (3.96%) | [3] |
Net Expense over Assets [Percent] | 2.70% | |
Expense Example, Year 01 | $ 26 | |
Expense Example, Years 1 to 3 | 153 | |
Expense Example, Years 1 to 5 | 276 | |
Expense Example, Years 1 to 10 | $ 567 | |
Class I Shares [Member] | | |
Fee Table [Abstract] | | |
Sales Load [Percent] | 0% | |
Other Transaction Expenses [Abstract] | | |
Management Fees [Percent] | 1.50% | |
Distribution/Servicing Fees [Percent] | 0% | |
Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses [Percent] | 0.05% | [1],[2] |
Other Annual Expenses [Abstract] | | |
Other Annual Expenses [Percent] | 4.86% | |
Total Annual Expenses [Percent] | 6.41% | |
Waivers and Reimbursements of Fees [Percent] | (3.96%) | [3] |
Net Expense over Assets [Percent] | 2.45% | |
Expense Example, Year 01 | $ 25 | |
Expense Example, Years 1 to 3 | 154 | |
Expense Example, Years 1 to 5 | 280 | |
Expense Example, Years 1 to 10 | $ 580 | |
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[1] Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses are based on estimates for the current fiscal year. Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses are the indirect costs of investing in other investment companies, including business development companies. These indirect costs may include performance fees paid to the acquired fund’s adviser or its affiliates. It does not include brokerage or transaction costs incurred by the acquired funds. The operating expenses in this fee table will not correlate to the expense ratio in the Fund’s Financial Highlights because the financial statements include only the direct operating expenses incurred by the Fund. Therefore, amounts may not agree with the Financial Highlights due to the inclusions in this table of Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses and certain other adjustments. |