Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Use of Estimates Preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and the amounts disclosed in the related notes to the financial statements. The Company’s significant estimates used in these financial statements include, but are not limited to, fair value calculations for equity securities, stock-based compensation, the recognition and collectability of receivables, the recoverability and useful lives of long-lived assets, and the valuation allowance related to the Company’s deferred tax assets. Certain of the Company’s estimates could be affected by external conditions, including those unique to the Company and general economic conditions. It is reasonably possible that these external factors could have an effect on the Company’s estimates and could cause actual results to differ from those estimates. Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents in the financial statements. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company had no cash equivalents. The Company has cash on deposits in several financial institutions which, at times, may be in excess of Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insurance limits. The Company has not experienced losses in such accounts and periodically evaluates the creditworthiness of its financial institutions. The Company reduces its credit risk by placing its cash and cash equivalents with major financial institutions. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company had $22,705 and $346,746, respectively, on deposit in excess of FDIC insurance limits. Restricted Cash Restricted cash was comprised of cash held as a security deposit in connection with the Company’s operating lease. See Note 10 – Commitments and Contingencies - Operating Lease for additional details. Accounts Receivable Accounts receivable are carried at their contractual amounts, less an estimate for uncollectible amounts. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, there were no allowances for uncollectable amounts determined to be necessary. Management estimates the allowance for bad debts based on existing economic conditions, the financial conditions of the customers, and the amount and age of past due accounts. Receivables are considered past due if full payment is not received by the contractual due date. Past due accounts are generally written off against the allowance for bad debts only after all collection attempts have been exhausted. Deferred Expenses Deferred expenses consist of labor, materials and other costs that are attributable to customer contracts that the Company has not completed its performance obligation under the contract and, as a result, has not recognized revenue. As of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, deferred expenses were approximately $185,000 and $112,000, respectively. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives, once the asset is placed in service. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs, which do not extend the economic useful life of the related assets, are charged to operations as incurred, and expenditures which extend the economic life are capitalized. Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the lesser of their estimated useful lives or the remaining term of their respective lease. When assets are retired or otherwise disposed of, the costs and related accumulated depreciation or amortization are removed from the accounts and any gain or loss on disposal is recognized in the statement of operations for the respective period. The Company’s long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. An impairment loss would be recognized when estimated future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition are less than its carrying amount. The estimated useful lives of property and equipment are as follows: Asset Useful lives (years) Computer and office equipment 5 Lab equipment 5 Leasehold improvements shorter of useful life or lease term Machinery 7-15 Furniture 7 Offering Costs Deferred offering costs, which primarily consist of direct, incremental professional fees incurred in connection with a debt or equity financing, are capitalized as non-current assets on the consolidated balance sheets. Once the financing closes, the Company reclassifies such costs as either discounts to notes payable or as a reduction of proceeds received from equity transactions so that such costs are recorded as a reduction of additional paid-in capital. If the completion of a contemplated financing was deemed to be no longer probable, the related deferred offering costs would be charged to general and administrative expense in the consolidated financial statements. At December 31, 2020, the Company wrote off the previously capitalized offering costs. Fair Value of Financial Instruments The Company measures the fair value of financial assets and liabilities based on the guidance of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820 “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” (“ASC 820”) which defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. ASC 820 defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. ASC 820 also establishes a fair value hierarchy, which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. ASC 820 describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value: Level 1 — quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities Level 2 — quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable Level 3 — inputs that are unobservable (for example, cash flow modeling inputs based on assumptions) The carrying amounts of the Company’s financial instruments, such as cash, accounts receivable, restricted cash, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate fair values due to the short-term nature of these instruments. The carrying amounts of the Company’s debt approximates fair value since it is tied to governmental programs and the restrictions related therein. Fair Value of Stock Options and Warrants The Company uses the Black-Scholes model to estimate the fair value of stock options and warrants, using input factors described below. The risk-free interest rate was determined from the implied yields from U.S. Treasury zero-coupon bonds with a remaining term consistent with the expected term of the instrument being valued. Option forfeitures are accounted for at the time of occurrence. The expected term used is the estimated period of time that warrants or options are expected to be outstanding. The Company utilizes the “simplified” method to develop an estimate of the expected term of “plain vanilla” employee options. For investor warrants and non-employee options, the expected term used is the contractual life of the instrument being valued. The Company does not yet have a trading history to support its historical volatility calculations. Accordingly, the Company is utilizing an expected volatility figure based on a review of the historical volatility of comparable entities over a period of time equivalent to the expected life of the instrument being valued. Revenue Recognition The Company recognizes revenue under ASC Topic 606, “ Revenue from Contracts with Customers ● Step 1: ● Step 2: ● Step 3: ● Step 4: ● Step 5: A majority of the Company’s revenues are generated from contracts with customers that require it to design, develop, manufacture, test and integrate complex equipment and/or to provide engineering and technical services according to customer specifications. Revenues on time and material type contracts are generally recognized in each period based on the amount billable to the customer which is based on direct labor hours expended multiplied by the contractual fixed rate per hour, plus the actual costs of materials and other direct non-labor costs. Certain contracts are billable upon the achievement of specific milestones, such as the delivery of prototypes or finished products, and revenue is recognized typically upon the delivery of the products. During the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, there was no revenue recognized from performance obligations satisfied (or partially satisfied) in previous periods. The timing of the Company’s revenue recognition may differ from the timing of payment by its customers. A receivable is recorded when revenue is recognized prior to payment and the Company has an unconditional right to payment. Alternatively, when payment precedes the provision of the related services, the Company records deferred revenue until the performance obligations are satisfied. Contract assets are comprised of unbilled contract receivables related to revenues earned but not yet invoiced to customers. The Company generates revenue from government contracts that reimburse the Company for certain allowable costs for funded projects. For contracts with government agencies, when the Company has concluded that it is the principal in conducting the research and development expenses and where the funding arrangement is considered central to the Company’s ongoing operations, the Company classifies the recognized funding received as revenue. The Company has determined that revenue generated from government grants is outside the scope of ASC 606 and, as a result, the Company recognizes revenue upon incurring qualifying, reimbursable expenses. During the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company recognized approximately $1,170,000 and $560,000, respectively, of grant revenue. Stock-Based Compensation The Company measures the cost of services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the fair value of the award. The fair value of the award is measured on the grant date. The fair value amount is then recognized over the period during which services are required to be provided in exchange for the award, usually the vesting period. Upon the exercise of an award, the Company issues new shares of common stock out of its authorized shares. Research and Development Research and development expenses are charged to operations as incurred. Income Taxes As described in Note 1 - Business Organization, Reverse Recapitalization and Liquidity, beginning on June 21, 2019, the operations of the Company are subject to federal and state income taxes. The Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of items that have been included or excluded in the financial statements or tax returns. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined on the basis of the difference between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their respective financial reporting amounts (“temporary differences”) at enacted tax rates in effect for the years in which the temporary differences are expected to reverse. The Company has recorded a full valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets for all periods, due to the uncertainty of future utilization. The Company utilizes a recognition threshold and measurement process for financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. Management has evaluated and concluded that there were no material uncertain tax positions requiring recognition in the Company’s financial statements as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. The Company does not expect any significant changes in its unrecognized tax benefits within twelve months of the reporting date. The Company’s policy is to classify assessments, if any, for tax related interest as interest expense and penalties as selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations. Net loss per share of Common Stock Basic net loss per share of common stock is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of vested shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share of common stock is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of common and dilutive common-equivalent shares outstanding during each period. The following shares were excluded from the calculation of weighted average dilutive shares of common stock because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive: As of December 31, 2020 2019 Warrants 155,966 155,966 Options 3,257,410 590,000 Total 3,413,376 745,966 Reclassifications Certain prior year balances have been reclassified in order to conform to current year presentation. These reclassifications have no effect on previously reported results of operations or income per share. Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Information The unaudited pro forma information gives effect to the Company’s conversion from a tax exempt entity into a tax paying entity beginning in September 2019. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company has estimated its pro forma income tax provision using a combined federal and state (New York) effective tax rate of 27.6%. No tax benefit was recorded for pro forma purposes for the year ended December 31, 2019, as it was deemed that the recovery of a pro forma deferred tax asset would not meet the “more likely than not” threshold. Therefore, a full pro forma valuation reserve would be established, such that no pro forma tax benefit would be recorded. Pro forma information is therefore unchanged from the actual results for the year ended December 31, 2019. Recently Issued Accounting Standards In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842),” (“ASU 2016-02”). ASU 2016-02 requires an entity to recognize assets and liabilities arising from a lease for both financing and operating leases. ASU 2016-02 will also require new qualitative and quantitative disclosures to help investors and other financial statement users better understand the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. The FASB issued ASU No. 2018-10 “Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases” (“ASU 2018-10”), ASU No. 2018-11 “Leases (Topic 842) Targeted Improvements” (“ASU 2018-11”) in July 2018, and ASU No. 2018-20 “Leases (Topic 842) - Narrow Scope Improvements for Lessors” (“ASU 2018-20”) in December 2018. ASU 2018-10 and ASU 2018-20 provide certain amendments that affect narrow aspects of the guidance issued in ASU 2016-02. ASU 2018-11 allows all entities adopting ASU 2016-02 to choose an additional (and optional) transition method of adoption, under which an entity initially applies the new leases standard at the adoption date and recognizes a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption. Pursuant to ASU 2019-10 the effective date for ASC 842 was deferred an additional year. The Company expects to recognize operating lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet upon adoption of this ASU. The Company is currently evaluating these ASUs and their impact on its consolidated financial statements. |