As a result of higher production and the significant increase in the 4E PGM basket price, adjusted EBITDA increased by 90% to R15,280 million (US$1,021 million) from R8,043 million (US$523 million) for Q1 2020, which was a record at the time. The adjusted EBITDA margin for Q1 2021 increased to 66% from 51% for the comparable period in 2020.
4E PGM production from the Rustenburg operation was 2% higher than for Q1 2020 at 156,956 4Eoz, with an increase in production from surface sources, offsetting marginally lower underground production. AISC from the Rustenburg operations increased by 4% to R19,002/4Eoz (US$1,270/4Eoz), year-on-year, despite the impact of higher royalties and taxes (due to the significantly improved margins) and above inflation electricity price increases, with an improvement in plant recoveries an offsetting factor.
The Kroondal operation continued to perform steadily, with 4E PGM production of 53,046 4Eoz for Q1 2021, 1% lower than comparable period in 2020. Despite marginally lower production and inflation increases, AISC of R12,137/4Eoz (US$811/4Eoz), was 4% lower than for the comparable period in 2020.
4E PGM production from the Marikana operation of 193,995 4Eoz for Q1 2021, was 13% higher than for the comparable period in 2020. Production from underground was 7% higher and production from surface sources and third party processing 66% higher. The increase in surface production is primarily due to an increase in processing of third party concentrate, with 4E PGM production from PoC increasing by 140% year-on-year to 19,125 4Eoz for Q1 2021. AISC of R23,000/4Eoz (US$1,537/4Eoz) reflect the additional cost of purchasing this concentrate from third parties at higher prevailing PGM prices. AISC from Marikana excluding third party PoC costs were R18,755/4Eoz (US$1,254/4Eoz) for Q1 2021.
The Mimosa operation continued to perform steadily, with attributable 4E PGM production of 29,878 4Eoz, 4% higher than for Q1 2020, and AISC of R13,401/4Eoz (US$896/4Eoz) 6% higher than the comparable period in 2020.
Chrome sales for Q1 2021 of approximately 370,000 tonnes were significantly lower than for Q1 2020 (approximately 507,0000 tonnes) due to a slow start up of operations and logistical issues in March which resulted in no chrome sales from the Rustenburg operation. Chrome revenue was R347 million (US$23 million) for Q1 2021, 7% higher than the Q1 2020 chrome revenue of R324 million (US$21 million), due to an increase in the chrome price from $128/tonne for Q1 2020 to $162/tonne for Q1 2021.
SA gold operations
Production from the SA gold operations for Q1 2021 of 7,757kg (249,392oz) was 5% higher than for Q1 2020 and reflected the return to normalised production levels in November 2020, following the COVID-19 disruptions that year. AISC of R772,572/kg (US$1,606/oz) was 4% higher than for the comparable period in 2020.
Underpinned by this stable operational performance and combined with a 8% increase in the average gold price year on year to R857,126/kg (US$1,782/oz), adjusted EBITDA from the SA Gold operations of R1,376 million (US$92 million) for Q1 2021, was 22% higher than for the comparable period in 2020.
Underground production from the Driefontein operation increased by 18% to 2,220kg (71,375oz) year-on-year. The average yield from underground production was 14% higher than the previous period due to higher face grades and an improvement in mining quality, with the mine call factor improving by 7% on the previous comparable period in 2020. AISC of R731,851/kg (US$1,522/oz) was 7% lower than for Q1 2020 primarily as a result of the increase in gold sold.
Production of 2,010kg (64,623oz) from the Kloof underground operations was similar to Q1 2020, with improved underground throughput offsetting a lower underground yield. The underground operations were affected by safety stoppages and seismicity during the period, which temporarily restricted access to some higher grade areas. Production from surface sources of 487kg (15,657oz), was 25% higher year-on-year. Some surface sources from Kloof were toll treated at the Driefontein and Ezulwini metallurgical plants. AISC of R844,744/kg (US$1,756/oz) was 4% higher than for Q1 2020, primarily due to increased throughput of lower grade material.
Underground production from the Beatrix operation of 1,317kg (42,342oz), was 11% lower than for Q1 2020, primarily due to a slower than anticipated start-up post the December break, safety stoppages and temporary damage to infrastructure at Beatrix 4 shaft relating to a mud rush, which has since been repaired. Beatrix employs a higher proportion of foreign nationals (primarily from Lesotho) than the other operations, with COVID-19 related restrictions at border posts, affecting the return to work after the December break. Gold production from surface sources increased to 61kg (1,961oz) due to the higher gold price, which reduced the pay limits for surface sources, making it viable to utilise existing milling capacity to process lower grade surface material. AISC of R882,082/kg (US$1,834/oz) was 18% higher than for Q1 2020, primarily due to lower production.
Surface gold production from Cooke operations decreased by 6% to 280kg (9,002oz) mainly due to an expected decrease in grades. Care and maintenance costs at Cooke operations was in line with Q1 2020 at R136 million (US$9 million).
DRDGOLD delivered another consistent operating performance, with production of 1,382kg (44,432oz) for Q1 2021, 3% higher than for Q1 2020. AISC costs of R648,129/kg (US$1,348/oz) were 12% higher than for Q1 2020.
OPERATING GUIDANCE FOR 2021
The 2021 annual guidance provided to the market in February 2021 remains unchanged except for the SA PGM project capital for the year. Four-year production and AISC guidance for the three segments were shared in the 2020 year-end