Management of financial risks and financial instruments | Management of financial risks and financial instruments (a) Overview The Group is exposed to the following risks: (i) Credit risk; (ii) Liquidity risk; (iii) Market risk; • Currency risk; • Interest rate risk; • Price risk. (iv) Operating risk. (b) Risk management structure Management has overall responsibility for establishing and supervising the risk management structure of the Group. Risk Management is under a separated structure from business areas, reporting directly to senior management, to ensure exemption of conflict of interest, and segregation of functions appropriate to good corporate governance and market practices. The risk management policies of the Group are established to identify and analyze the risks faced, to set appropriate risk limits and controls, and to monitor risks and adherence to the limits. Risk management policies and systems are reviewed regularly to reflect changes in market conditions and in the activities of the Group. The Group, through its training and management standards and procedures, developed a disciplined and constructive control environment within which all its employees are aware of their duties and obligations. Regarding the subsidiary XP CCTVM and the others subsidiaries components of XP Prudential Conglomerate (Brazilian Central Bank oversight definition), the organizational structure is based on the recommendations proposed by the Basel Accord, in which procedures, policies and methodology are formalized consistent with risk tolerance and with the business strategy and the various risks inherent to the operations and/or processes, including market, liquidity, credit and operating risks. The Group seek to follow the same risk management practices as those applying to all companies. Such risk management processes are also related to going concern management procedures, mainly in terms of formulating impact analyses, business continuity plans, contingency plans, backup plans and crisis management. (c) Credit risk Credit risk is defined as the possibility of losses associated with the failure, by the borrower or counterparty, of their respective financial obligations under the agreed terms, the devaluation of the credit agreement resulting from the deterioration in the borrower's risk rating, the reduction gains or remuneration, the advantages granted in the negotiation and the costs of recovery. The Risk Management document establishes its credit policy based on the composition of the portfolio by security, by internal rating of issuer and/or the issue, by the current economic activity, by the duration of the portfolio, by the macroeconomic variables, among others. The Credit Analysis department is also actively involved in this process and it is responsible for assessing the credit risk of issues and issuers with which it maintains or intends to maintain credit relationships, also using an internal credit risk allocation methodology (rating) to classify the likelihood of loss of counterparties. For the loan operations XP Inc uses client’s investments as collaterals to reduce potential losses and protect against credit risk exposure by managing these collaterals so that they are always sufficient, legally enforceable (effective) and viable, XP monitors the value of the collaterals. The Credit Risk Management provides subsidies to define strategies as risk appetite, to establish limits, including exposure analysis and trends as well as the effectiveness of the credit policy. The loans operations have an high credit quality and the Group often uses risk mitigation measures, primarily through client’s investments as collaterals, which explains the low provision ratio. The Group's policies regarding obtaining collateral have not significantly changed during the reporting period and there has been no significant change in the overall quality of the collateral held by the Group since the prior period. Management undertakes credit quality analysis of assets that are not past due or reduced to recoverable value. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, such assets were substantially represented by Loan operations and Securities purchased under agreements to resell of which the counterparties are Brazilian banks with low credit risk, securities issued by the Brazilian government, as well as derivative financial instruments transactions, which are mostly traded on the stock exchange (B3 S.A. – Brasil, Bolsa, Balcão) and which, therefore, have its guarantee. The carrying amount of the financial assets representing the maximum exposure to credit risk is shown in the table below: 2020 2019 Financial assets Securities purchased under agreements to resell 6,627,409 9,490,090 Securities 70,457,761 27,326,481 Public securities 51,944,301 20,381,125 Private securities 18,513,460 6,945,356 Derivative financial instruments 7,559,433 4,085,004 Securities trading and intermediation 1,051,566 504,983 Accounts receivable 506,359 462,029 Loan operations 3,918,328 386 Other financial assets 69,971 19,805 Off-balance exposures (credit card limits) 35,810 — Total 90,226,637 41,888,778 (d) Liquidity risk Liquidity risk is the possibility that the institution will not be able to efficiently honor its expected, unexpected, current or future obligations. Liquidity management operates in line with the Group's strategy and business model, being compatible with the nature of operations, the complexity of its products and the relevance of risk exposure. This liquidity management policy establishes actions to be taken in cases of liquidity contingency, and these must be sufficient to generate a new meaning for cash within the required minimum limits. The group maintains an adequate level of liquidity at all times, always working with a minimum cash limit. This is done through management that is compatible and consistent with your ability obtaining resources in the market, with its budgetary targets for the evolution of the volume of its assets and is based on the management of cash flows, observing the minimum limits of daily cash balances and cash needs projections, in the management of stocks of highly liquid assets and simulations of adverse scenarios. Risk structure and management are the responsibility of the Risk department, reporting to the Executive Board, thus avoiding any conflict of interest with departments that require liquidity. (d1) Maturities of financial liabilities The tables below summarizes the Group’s financial liabilities into groupings based on their contractual maturities: 2020 Liabilities Up to 1 month From 2 to 3 months From 3 to 12 months From 1 to 5 years Above 5 years Contractual cash flow Securities loaned 2,237,442 — — — — 2,237,442 Derivative financial instruments 1,572,140 814,220 2,643,065 2,205,410 584,529 7,819,364 Securities sold under repurchase agreements 31,839,344 — — — — 31,839,344 Securities trading and intermediation 20,303,121 — — — — 20,303,121 Deposits 112,037 58,966 2,353,648 497,099 — 3,021,750 Structured operations certificates — — 2,434 853,118 1,322,907 2,178,459 Borrowings and lease liabilities 6,378 12,710 32,568 375,504 65,375 492,535 Debentures — — — 335,250 — 335,250 Accounts payables 859,550 — — — — 859,550 Other financial liabilities 1,052,174 — — 462,000 — 1,514,174 Total 57,982,186 885,896 5,031,715 4,728,381 1,972,811 70,600,989 2019 Liabilities Up to 1 month From 2 to 3 months From 3 to 12 months From 1 to 5 years Above 5 years Contractual cash flow Securities loaned 2,021,707 — — — — 2,021,707 Derivative financial instruments 1,557,088 211,882 685,566 732,286 42,414 3,229,236 Securities sold under repurchase agreements 15,638,407 — — — — 15,638,407 Securities trading and intermediation 9,114,546 — — — — 9,114,546 Deposits 70,195 — — — — 70,195 Structured operations certificates — — — — 19,474 19,474 Borrowings and lease liabilities 8,239 26,258 81,953 521,034 — 637,484 Debentures — — 435,230 400,000 — 835,230 Accounts payables 266,813 — — — — 266,813 Other financial liabilities 8,962 — — — — 8,962 Total 28,685,957 238,140 1,202,749 1,653,320 61,888 31,842,054 (e) Market risk Market risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market prices. Market risk comprises mainly three types of risk: foreign exchange variation, interest rates and share prices. The aim of market risk management is to control exposure to market risks, within acceptable parameters, while optimizing return. Market risk management for operations is carried out through policies, control procedures and prior identification of risks in new products and activities, with the purpose to maintain market risk exposure at levels considered acceptable by the Group and to meet the business strategy and limits defined by the Risk Committee. The main tool used to measure and control the exposure risk of the Group to the market, mainly in relation to their trading assets portfolio, is the Maps Luna program, which calculates the capital allocation based on the exposure risk factors in the regulations issued by Brazil Central Bank (“BACEN”) for financial institutions, which are taken as a basis for the verification of the risk exposure of the assets of the Group. In order to comply with the provisions of the regulatory body, the financial institutions of the Group make daily control of the exposure by calculating the risk portions, recording the results in Document 2011 - Daily Statement of Capital Requirements (DDR) in BACEN Circular Letter No, 3,331/08, submitting it daily to this institution. With the formalized rules, the Risk Department has the objective of controlling, monitoring and ensuring compliance with the pre-established limits, and may refuse, in whole or in part, to receive and/or execute the requested transactions, upon immediate communication to customers, in addition to intervening in cases of non-compliance and reporting all atypical events to the Committee. In addition to the control performed by the tool, the Group adopt guidelines to control the risk of the assets that mark the Treasury operations so that the own portfolios of the participating companies are composed of assets that have low volatility and, consequently, less exposure to risk, In the case of non-compliance with the operational limits, the Treasury Manager shall take the necessary measures to reframe as quickly as possible. (e1) Currency risk The Group is subject to foreign currency risk as they hold interest in XP Holding International, XP Advisors Inc, and XP Holding UK Ltd, whose equity as of December 31, 2020 was US$46,534 thousand (US$43,323 thousand as of December 31, 2019), US$801 thousand (US$744 thousand as of December 31, 2019) and GBP 2,268 thousand (GBP 3,059 thousand as of December 31, 2019) respectively. The risk of the XP Holding International and XP Advisors Inc, is hedged with the objective of minimizing the volatility of the functional currency (BRL) against the US$ arising from foreign investment abroad (see Note 9). The foreign currency exposure risk of XP Holding UK Ltd, is not hedged. (e2) Interest rate risk It arises from the possibility that the Group incur in gains or losses arising from fluctuations in interest rates on its financial assets and liabilities. Below are presented the risk rates that The Group are exposed: • Selic/DI • IGPM • IPCA • PRE • Foreign exchange coupon (e3) Price risk Price risk is the risk arising from the change in the price of the investment fund portfolio and of shares listed on the stock exchange, held in the portfolio of the Group, which may affect its profit or loss, The price risk is controlled by the management of the Group, based on the diversification of its portfolio and/or through the use of derivatives contracts, such as options or futures. (e4) Sensitivity analysis According to the market information, the Group performed the sensitivity analysis by market risk factors considered relevant. The largest losses, by risk factor, in each of the scenarios were presented with an impact on the profit or loss, providing a view of the exposure by risk factor of the Group in exceptional scenarios. The following sensitivity analyzes do not consider the functioning dynamics of risk and treasury areas, since once these losses are detected, risk mitigation measures are quickly triggered, minimizing the possibility of significant losses. 2020 Trading portfolio Exposures Scenarios Risk factors Risk of variation in: I II III Pre-fixed Pre-fixed interest rate in Reais (191) (9,056) (33,402) Exchange coupons Foreign currencies coupon rate (379) (5,508) (11,184) Foreign currencies Exchange rates (1,997) (169,318) (373,807) Price indexes Inflation coupon rates (311) (14,384) (28,434) Shares Shares prices (4,957) (107,704) (167,737) (7,835) (305,970) (614,564) 2019 Trading portfolio Exposures Scenarios Risk factors Risk of variation in: I II III Pre-fixed Pre-fixed interest rate in Reais (907) (163,057) (445,866) Exchange coupons Foreign currencies coupon rate (67) 570 (854) Foreign currencies Exchange rates (2,102) (1,493) 43,908 Price indexes Inflation coupon rates (63) (782) (301) Shares Shares prices (442) (8,780) (57,390) (3,581) (173,542) (460,503) Scenario I: Increase of 1 basis point in the rates in the fixed interest rate yield, exchange coupons, inflation and 1 percentage point in the prices of shares and currencies; Scenario II: Project a variation of 25 percent in the rates of the fixed interest yield, exchange coupons, inflation, both rise and fall, being considered the largest losses resulting by risk factor; and Scenario III: Project a variation of 50 percent in the rates of the pre-fixed interest yield, exchange coupons, inflation and interest rates, both rise and fall, being considered the largest losses resulting by risk factor. (f) Operating risk Operational risk is characterized by the possibility of losses resulting from external events or failure, deficiency or inadequacy of internal processes, people and systems, including legal risk. Operational risk events include the following categories: internal fraud; external fraud; labor demands and poor workplace safety; inappropriate practices relating to customers, products and services; damage to physical assets owned or used by XP; situations that cause the interruption of XP's activities; and failures in information technology systems, processes or infrastructure. The Group's main objective is to ensure the identification, classification and monitoring of situations that may generate financial losses, given the companies' reputation, as well as any regulatory assessment due to the occurrence of an operational risk event, XP adopts the model of 3 lines of defense, in which the main responsibility for the development and implementation of controls to deal with operational risks is attributed to the Management within each business unit, seeking to manage mainly: (i) Requirements of segregation of functions, including independent authorization for transactions; (ii) Requirements of reconciliation and monitoring of transactions; (iii) Compliance with legal and regulatory requirements; (iv) Documentation of controls and procedures; (v) Requirements of periodic assessment of the operating risks faced and the adequacy of the controls and procedures for dealing with the identified risks; (vi) Development of contingency plans; (vii) Professional training and development; and (viii) Ethical and business standards; In addition, the Group's financial institutions, in compliance with the provisions of Article 4, paragraph 2, of Resolution No, 3,380 / 06 of the National Monetary Council (“CMN”) of June 27, 2006, have a process that covers institutional policies, procedures, contingency and business continuity plans and systems for the occurrence of external events, in addition to formalizing the single structure required by the regulatory agency. |