Revenue | NOTE 3 – REVENUE Revenue Recognition General Revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to a customer in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services, which may include various combinations of goods and services which are generally capable of being distinct and accounted for as separate performance obligations. Revenue is recognized net of sales taxes collected from customers which are subsequently remitted to governmental authorities. Some of the Company’s contracts with customers contain multiple performance obligations. For these contracts, the individual performance obligations are separately accounted for if they are distinct. In an arrangement with multiple performance obligations, the transaction price is allocated among the separate performance obligations on a relative stand-alone selling price basis. The determination of stand-alone selling price considers market conditions, the size and scope of the contract, customer and geographic information, and other factors. When observable prices are not available, stand-alone selling price for separate performance obligations is generally based on the cost-plus-margin approach, considering overall pricing objectives. When variable consideration is in the form of a sales-based or usage-based royalty in exchange for a license of technology or when a license of technology is the predominant item to which the variable consideration relates, revenue is recognized at the later of when the subsequent sale or usage occurs or the performance obligation to which some or all of the sales-based or usage-based royalty has been allocated has been satisfied or partially satisfied. Description of Revenue-Generating Activities The Company derives the majority of its revenue from licensing its technologies and solutions to customers within the Pay-TV, Consumer Electronics, Connected Car and Media Platform product categories. Refer to Part I, Item 1 of the Form 10-K for detailed information regarding these product categories. Pay-TV Customers within the Pay-TV category are primarily multi-channel video service providers, consumer electronics (“CE”) manufacturers, and end consumers. Revenue in this category is primarily derived from licensing the Company’s Pay-TV solutions, including Electronic Program Guides, TiVo internet protocol television (“IPTV”) Solutions, Personalized Content Discovery and enriched Metadata. For these solutions, the Company provides on-going media or data delivery, either via on-premise licensed software, hosting or access to its platform. The Company generally receives fees on a per-subscriber per-month basis or as a monthly fee, and revenue is recognized during the month in which the solutions are provided to the customer. For most of the on-premise licensed software arrangements, substantially all functionality is obtained through the Company’s frequent updating of the technology, data and content. In these instances, the Company typically has a single performance obligation related to these ongoing activities in the underlying arrangement, and revenue is generally recognized over the period the solution is provided. Hosted solutions and access to our platform is considered a single performance obligation recognized over the period the solution is provided. Consumer Electronics The Company licenses its audio and imaging technologies to CE manufacturers or their supply chain partners. The Company generally recognizes royalty revenue from licenses based on units shipped or manufactured. Revenue is recognized in the period in which the customer’s sales or production are estimated to have occurred. This may result in an adjustment to revenue when actual sales or production are subsequently reported by the customer, generally in the month or quarter following sales or production. Estimating customers’ quarterly royalties prior to receiving the royalty reports requires the Company to make significant assumptions and judgments related to forecasted trends and growth rates used to estimate quantities shipped or manufactured by customers, which could have a material impact on the amount of revenue it reports on a quarterly basis. Certain customers enter into fixed fee or minimum guarantee agreements, whereby customers pay a fixed fee for the right to incorporate the Company’s technology in the customer’s products over the license term. In arrangements with a minimum guarantee, the fixed fee component corresponds to a minimum number of units or dollars that the customer must produce or pay, with additional per-unit fees for any units or dollars exceeding the minimum. The Company generally recognizes the full fixed fee as revenue at the beginning of the license term when the customer has the right to use the technology and begins to benefit from the license, net of the effect of any significant financing components calculated using customer-specific, risk-adjusted lending rates, with the related interest income being recognized over time on an effective rate basis. For minimum guarantee agreements where the customer exceeds the minimum, the Company recognizes revenue relating to any additional per-unit fees in the periods it estimates the customer will exceed the minimum and adjusts the revenue based on actual usage once that is reported by the customer. Connected Car The Company licenses its digital radio solutions, automotive infotainment and related offerings, and driver and occupant monitoring systems to automotive manufacturers or their supply chain partners. The Company generally recognizes royalty revenue from these licenses based on units shipped or manufactured, similar to the revenue recognition described above in “ Consumer Electronics ”. Certain customers may enter into fixed fee or minimum guarantee agreements, also similar to the revenue recognition described above in “ Consumer Electronics” . Automotive infotainment and related revenue is generally recognized over time as the customer obtains access to the solutions and underlying data. Media Platform The Company generates revenue from advertising, TV viewership data, and licensing of the Vewd app framework and core middleware solutions. Advertising revenue is generally recognized when the related advertisement is provided. TV viewership data revenue is generally recognized over time as the customer obtains the underlying data. License revenue for the Vewd solutions is generally recognized either on a per-unit royalty or a minimum guarantee or fixed fee basis, similar to as described in the “ Consumer Electronics ” section above. Hardware Products, Services and Settlements/Recoveries The Company sells hardware products, primarily to end consumers, within the Pay-TV, Media Platform and Consumer Electronics product categories. Hardware product revenue is generally recognized when the promised product is delivered. The Company also generates non-recurring engineering (“NRE”) revenue within all of its product categories. The Company recognizes NRE revenue as progress toward completion is made, generally using an input method based on the ratio of costs incurred to date to total estimated costs of the project. Revenue from each of advertising, NRE services, and hardware products was less than 10 % of total revenue for all periods presented. The Company actively monitors and enforces its technology licenses, including seeking appropriate compensation from customers that have under-reported royalties owed under a license agreement and from third parties that utilize the Company’s technologies without a license. As a result of these activities, the Company may, from time to time, recognize revenue from periodic compliance audits of licensees for underreporting royalties incurred in prior periods, or from legal judgments in a license dispute. These settlements and recoveries may cause revenue to be higher than expected during a particular reporting period and such settlements and recoveries may not occur in subsequent periods. The Company recognizes revenue from settlements and recoveries when a binding agreement has been executed or a revised royalty report has been received and the Company concludes collection is probable. Practical Expedients and Exemptions The Company applies a practical expedient to not perform an evaluation of whether a contract includes a significant financing component when the timing of revenue recognition differs from the timing of cash collection by one year or less. The Company applies a practical expedient to expense costs to obtain a contract with a customer as incurred as a component of selling, general and administrative expenses when the amortization period would have been one year or less. The Company applies a practical expedient when disclosing revenue expected to be recognized from unsatisfied performance obligations to exclude contracts with customers with an original duration of one year or less; amounts attributable to variable consideration arising from (i) a sales-based or usage-based royalty of a technology license or (ii) when variable consideration is allocated entirely to a wholly unsatisfied performance obligation; or to a wholly unsatisfied promise to transfer a distinct good or service that forms part of a single performance obligation. Disaggregation of Revenue The Company’s revenue that is recognized over time consists primarily of per unit royalties, per-subscriber per-month or monthly license fees, single performance obligations satisfied over time, and NRE services. Revenue that is recognized at a point in time consists primarily of fixed fee or minimum guarantee contracts, hardware products, advertising and settlements/recoveries. The following table summarizes revenue by timing of recognition (in thousands): Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 2022 2023 2022 Recognized over time $ 104,827 $ 103,276 $ 303,911 $ 296,341 Recognized at a point in time 25,563 18,361 80,190 70,387 Total revenue $ 130,390 $ 121,637 $ 384,101 $ 366,728 The following table summarizes revenue by product category (in thousands): Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 2022 2023 2022 Pay-TV $ 60,319 $ 58,378 $ 178,644 $ 182,903 Consumer Electronics 32,298 33,561 100,749 101,145 Connected Car 23,393 20,224 67,415 60,798 Media Platform 14,380 9,474 37,293 21,882 Total revenue $ 130,390 $ 121,637 $ 384,101 $ 366,728 The following table summarizes revenue by geographic location (in thousands): Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 2022 U.S. $ 69,382 53 % $ 65,173 54 % Japan 22,622 17 13,801 11 China 6,813 5 12,713 11 Europe and Middle East 8,827 7 10,722 9 Latin America 8,646 7 5,310 4 Other 14,100 11 13,918 11 Total revenue $ 130,390 100 % $ 121,637 100 % Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 2022 U.S. $ 203,674 53 % $ 203,253 55 % Japan 58,683 15 45,844 13 China 28,850 8 27,168 7 Europe and Middle East 27,409 7 29,458 8 Latin America 22,013 6 20,588 6 Other 43,472 11 40,417 11 Total revenue $ 384,101 100 % $ 366,728 100 % A significant portion of the Company’s revenue is derived from licensees headquartered outside of the U.S., principally in Asia, Europe and the Middle East, and Latin America, and it is expected that this revenue will continue to account for a significant portion of total revenue in future periods. Contract Balances Contract Assets Contract assets primarily consist of unbilled contracts receivable that are expected to be received from customers in future periods, where the revenue recognized to date exceeds the amount billed. The amount of unbilled contracts receivable may not exceed their net realizable value and is classified as noncurrent if the payments are expected to be received more than one year from the reporting date. Contract assets also include the incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer principally consisting of sales commissions and deferred engineering costs for non-recurring engineering. Contract assets were recorded in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as follows (in thousands): September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 Unbilled contracts receivable, net $ 61,148 $ 65,251 Other current assets 504 848 Unbilled contracts receivable, noncurrent 21,926 4,289 Other noncurrent assets 719 978 Total contract assets $ 84,297 $ 71,366 Contract Liabilities Contract liabilities are mainly comprised of deferred revenue, which arises when cash payments are received, including amounts which are refundable, in advance of performance obligations being completed. Deferred revenue generally consists of prepaid licenses or other fees, amounts received related to NRE services to be performed in the future, and other offerings for which the Company is paid in advance while the promised good or service is transferred to the customer at a future date or over time. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the current and noncurrent balances of deferred revenue were $ 45.0 million an d $ 44.5 million, respectively. The following table presents additional revenue disclosures (in thousands): Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 2022 2023 2022 Revenue recognized in the period from: Amounts included in deferred revenue at the beginning of $ 4,003 $ 5,112 $ 16,269 $ 19,713 Performance obligations satisfied in previous periods (true (1)(2) $ 1,499 $ 4,435 $ 214 $ 25,301 (1) True ups represent the differences between the Company’s quarterly estimates of per-unit royalty revenue and actual production/sales-based royalties reported by licensees in the following period. Recoveries represent corrections or revisions to previously reported per-unit royalties by licensees, generally resulting from the Company’s inquiries or compliance audits. Settlements represent resolutions of litigation or disputes during the period for past royalties owed. (2) For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recorded revenue from both the settlement of a contract dispute with a large mobile imaging customer, and the execution of a long-term license agreement with the same large mobile imaging customer. The long-term license agreement was effective as of the expiration of the prior agreement, and the Company expected to record revenue from the license agreement in future periods. Remaining Performance Obligations Remaining revenue under contracts with performance obligations represents the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to the performance obligations that are unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied under certain of the Company’s fixed fee arrangements and engineering services contracts. As of September 30, 2023, the Company’s estimated remaining revenue under contracts with performance obligations was as follows (in thousands): Year Ending December 31: Amounts 2023 (remaining 3 months) $ 22,110 2024 40,542 2025 19,799 2026 6,017 2027 2,111 Thereafter 1,953 Total $ 92,532 Allowance for Credit Losses The allowance for credit losses, which includes the allowance for accounts receivable and unbilled contracts receivable, represents the Company’s best estimate of lifetime expected credit losses inherent in those financial assets. The Company’s lifetime expected credit losses are determined based on historical experience, relevant information about past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect collectability. The Company monitors its credit exposure through ongoing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition and limits the amount of credit extended when deemed necessary. In addition, the Company performs routine credit management activities such as timely account reconciliations, dispute resolution, and payment confirmations. The Company may employ collection agencies and legal counsel to pursue recovery of defaulted receivables. The Company’s noncurrent unbilled contracts receivable is derived from multi-year fixed-fee or minimum-guarantee arrangements, primarily with large well-capitalized companies. These noncurrent unbilled contracts receivable are generally considered to be of high credit quality based on our past collection history and the nature of the customers. The following table presents the activity in the allowance for credit losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands): Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 2022 Accounts Receivable Unbilled Contracts Receivable Accounts Receivable Unbilled Contracts Receivable Beginning balance $ 2,212 $ 325 $ 1,805 $ 306 Provision for credit losses 166 66 99 7 Recoveries/charge-off ( 121 ) ( 176 ) ( 133 ) — Ending balance $ 2,257 $ 215 $ 1,771 $ 313 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 2022 Accounts Receivable Unbilled Contracts Receivable Accounts Receivable Unbilled Contracts Receivable Beginning balance $ 1,950 $ 369 $ 2,245 $ 480 Provision for credit losses 488 22 69 ( 167 ) Recoveries/charge-off ( 181 ) ( 176 ) ( 543 ) — Ending balance $ 2,257 $ 215 $ 1,771 $ 313 |