| Significant Accounting Policies | 3. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES The following is a summary of significant accounting policies used in the preparation of these consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2021. Business combinations Acquisitions of businesses are accounted for using the acquisition method. The consideration transferred in a business combination is measured at fair value, which is calculated as the sum of the acquisition date fair values of the assets transferred by the Company, liabilities incurred by the Company to the former owners of the acquiree and the equity interests issued by the Company in exchange for control of the acquiree. Acquisition related costs are generally recognized in profit or loss as incurred. At the acquisition date, the identifiable assets acquired, and the liabilities assumed, are recognized at their fair value. Goodwill is measured as the excess of the sum of the consideration transferred, the amount of any noncontrolling interests in the acquiree, and the fair value of the acquirer’s previously held equity interest in the acquiree (if any) over the net of the amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed on the acquisition date. If, after assessment, the net of the amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed on the acquisition date exceeds the sum of the consideration transferred, the amount of any non-controlling interests in the acquiree and the fair value of the acquirer’s previously held interest in the acquiree (if any), the excess is recognized immediately in profit or loss as a bargain purchase gain. Non-controlling interests that are present ownership interests and entitle their holders to a proportionate share of the entity’s net assets in the event of liquidation may be initially measured either at fair value or at the non-controlling interests’ proportionate share of the recognized amounts of the acquiree’s identifiable net assets. The choice of measurement basis is made on a transaction-by-transaction basis. When the consideration transferred by the Company in a business combination includes assets or liabilities resulting from a contingent consideration arrangement, the contingent consideration is measured at its fair value on the acquisition date and included as part of the consideration transferred in a business combination. Changes in the fair value of the contingent consideration that qualify as measurement period adjustments are adjusted retrospectively, with corresponding adjustments against goodwill. Measurement period adjustments are adjustments that arise from additional information obtained during the ‘measurement period’ (which cannot exceed one year from the acquisition date) about facts and circumstances that existed at the acquisition date. The subsequent accounting for changes in the fair value of the contingent consideration that do not qualify as measurement period adjustments depends on how the contingent consideration is classified. Contingent consideration that is classified as equity is not remeasured at subsequent reporting dates and its subsequent settlement is accounted for within equity. Other contingent consideration is remeasured to fair value at subsequent reporting dates with changes in fair value recognized in profit or loss. When a business combination is achieved in stages, the Company’s previously held equity interest in the acquiree is remeasured to its acquisition date fair value and the resulting gain or loss, if any, is recognized in profit or loss. Amounts arising from interests in the acquiree prior to the acquisition date that have previously been recognized in other comprehensive income are reclassified to profit or loss where such treatment would be appropriate if that interest were disposed of. If the initial accounting for a business combination is incomplete by the end of the reporting period in which the combination occurs, the Company reports provisional amounts for those items for which the accounting is incomplete. The provisional amounts are adjusted during the measurement period, or additional assets or liabilities may be recognized to reflect additional information obtained about facts and circumstances that existed at the acquisition date that, if known, would have affected the amounts recognized at that date. Foreign currency translation The presentation currency and functional currency of the Company is the United States dollar. Translation into functional currency Transactions in foreign currencies are recorded in the functional currency at exchange rates prevailing on the dates of the transactions. At the end of each reporting period, monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the period end exchange rates. Non-monetary items are translated at the exchange rates in effect on the date of the transactions. Foreign exchange gains and losses arising on translation are presented in the consolidated statement of loss and comprehensive loss. Translation into presentation currency The assets and liabilities of foreign operations are translated into United States dollars at year-end exchange rates. Revenue, expenses, and cash flows of foreign operations are translated into United States dollars using average exchange rates of the reporting period. Exchange differences resulting from translating foreign operations are recognized in other comprehensive income and accumulated in shareholders’ equity. The cumulative exchange differences are reclassified to profit or loss upon the disposal of the foreign operation. Share based compensation Share based payments to employees are measured at the fair value of the instruments issued and amortized over the vesting periods. Share based payments to non-employees are measured at the fair value of goods or services received or the fair value of the equity instruments issued if it is determined the fair value of the goods or services cannot be reliably measured and are recorded at the date the goods or services are received. The Company operates an employee stock option plan. The corresponding amount is recorded to the stock option caption within shareholders’ equity, and the expense to the statement of loss over the vesting period. The fair value of options is determined using the Black–Scholes pricing model which incorporates all market vesting conditions. The number of shares and options expected to vest is reviewed and adjusted at the end of each reporting period such that the amount recognized for services received as consideration for the equity instruments granted shall be based on the number of equity instruments that eventually vest. On exercise of a stock option, any amount related to the initial value of the stock option, along with the proceeds from exercise are recorded to share capital. On expiry of a stock option, any amount related to the initial value of the stock option is recorded to accumulated deficit. Provisions Provisions are recognized when (a) the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) due to a past event, and (b) it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. Where the Company expects a provision to be reimbursed, for example under an insurance contract, the reimbursement is recognized as a separate asset but only when the reimbursement is virtually certain. The expense relating to any provision is presented in the consolidated statement of loss, net of any reimbursement. If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, where appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. Where discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognized as a finance cost in the statement of loss. Cash Cash in the consolidated statement of financial position includes cash on hand and deposits held with banks and other financial intermediaries that have a maturity of less than three months at the date they are acquired. Financial assets Initial recognition and measurement The Company aggregates its financial assets in accordance with IFRS 9, Financial Instruments, into classes at the time of initial recognition based on the Company’s business model and the contractual terms of the cash flows. Non-derivative financial assets are classified and measured as “financial assets at fair value”, as either fair value through profit or loss (“FVPL”), or fair value through other comprehensive income (“FVOCI”), and “financial assets at amortized cost”, as appropriate. All financial assets are recognized initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial assets not at FVPL, directly attributable transaction costs on the trade date at which the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. Financial assets with embedded derivatives are considered in their entirety when determining their classification. Subsequent measurement – Financial assets at amortized cost After initial recognition, financial assets measured at amortized cost are subsequently measured at the end of each reporting period at amortized cost using the Effective Interest Rate (“EIR”) method. Amortized cost is calculated by considering any discount or premium on acquisition and any fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. In these consolidated financial statements, cash, trade and other receivables, and loans receivable are classified in this category. Subsequent measurement – Financial assets at FVPL Financial assets measured at FVPL include financial assets such as the Company’s equity investments in other entities, and any derivative financial instrument that is not designated as a hedging instrument in a hedge relationship. Financial assets measured at FVPL are carried at fair value in the consolidated statement of financial position with changes in fair value recognized in a separate caption in the statement of loss. Subsequent measurement – Financial assets at FVOCI Financial assets measured at FVOCI are non-derivative financial assets that are not held for trading and the Company has made an irrevocable election at the time of initial recognition to measure the assets at FVOCI. The Company does not measure any financial assets at FVOCI. After initial measurement, investments measured at FVOCI are subsequently measured at fair value with unrealized gains or losses recognized in other comprehensive income or loss in the statement of comprehensive loss. When the investment is sold, the cumulative gain or loss remains in accumulated other comprehensive income or loss and is not reclassified to profit or loss. Dividends from such investments are recognized in other income in the consolidated statement of loss when the right to receive payments is established. Derecognition A financial asset is derecognized when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire, or the Company no longer retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership. Impairment of financial assets Financial assets classified subsequently as amortized cost are subject to impairment based on the expected credit losses (“ECL’s”). The Company’s only financial assets subject to impairment are cash, trade and other receivables, and loans receivable, which are measured at amortized cost. Critical to the determination of ECL’s is the definition of default and the definition of a significant increase in credit risk. If nontrade receivables are more than 30 days past due, they are presumed to have increased credit risk and lifetime ECL is applied rather than twelve-month ECL. The definition of default is used in measuring the amount of ECL’s and in the determination of whether the loss allowance is based on a twelve-month or lifetime ECL’s. The Company considers the following as constituting an event of default: the borrower is past due more than 90 days on any material credit obligation or the borrower is unlikely to pay its credit obligations to the Company in full after attempting all reasonable efforts to collect or due to discharge from bankruptcy or court judgment. The Company monitors all financial assets that are subject to the impairment requirements to assess whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition. If there has been a significant increase in credit risk, the Company will measure the loss allowance based on twelve-month ECL’s. In assessing whether the credit risk on a financial asset has increased significantly since initial recognition, the Company compares the risk of a default occurring on the financial asset at the reporting date based on the remaining maturity of the instrument with the risk of a default occurring that was anticipated for the remaining maturity at the current reporting date when the financial asset was first recognized. Trade receivables are recognized initially at fair value and subsequently measured at amortized cost, less any provisions for impairment. Impairment provisions are estimated using the ECL impairment model where any expected future credit losses are provided for, irrespective of whether a loss event has occurred at the reporting date. Estimates of expected credit losses consider the Company’s collection history, deterioration of collection rates during the average credit period, as well as observable changes in and forecasts of future economic conditions that affect default risk. The Company utilizes a provision matrix to estimate lifetime ECL’s for trade receivables, supplemented by specific allowance based on customer-specific data. Changes in the allowance are recognized as bad debt expense in the statement of loss and comprehensive loss. When the Company determines that no recovery of the amount owed is possible, the amount is deemed irrecoverable, and the financial asset is written off. Financial liabilities Initial recognition and measurement Financial liabilities are measured at amortized cost, unless they are required to be measured at FVPL as is the case for held for trading or derivative instruments, or the Company has opted to measure the financial liability at FVPL. The Company’s financial liabilities include trade payables and accrued liabilities, loans payable and long-term debt, which are measured at amortized cost. All financial liabilities are recognized initially at fair value. Subsequent measurement – Financial liabilities at amortized cost After initial recognition, financial liabilities measured at amortized cost are subsequently measured at the end of each reporting period at amortized cost using the EIR method. Amortized cost is calculated by considering any discount or premium on acquisition and any fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. Subsequent measurement – Financial liabilities at FVPL Financial liabilities measured at FVPL include any derivative financial instrument that is not designated as a hedging instrument in a hedge relationship. Financial liabilities measured at FVPL are carried at fair value in the consolidated statement of financial position with changes in fair value recognized in other income or expense in the consolidated statement of loss. In these consolidated financial statements, trade payables and accrued liabilities, lease liability and loans payable are measured at amortized cost. Derecognition A financial liability is derecognized when the obligation under the liability is discharged, cancelled, or expires with any associated gain or loss recognized in other income or expense in the consolidated statement of loss. Biological assets The Company began cultivating and harvesting cannabis for commercial purposes in 2021. Previously, biological asset accounting did not apply as the plants were only for test purposes and subsequently destroyed. The Company measures biological assets consisting of cannabis plants using the income approach at fair value less costs to sell at the point of harvest, which becomes the basis for the cost of related inventories after harvest. The Company has elected to expense to cost of sales all direct and indirect costs of consumed resources as incurred related to biological assets between the point of initial recognition and the point of harvest. The costs of bearer plants are expensed as incurred as they do not meet the definition of a biological asset and their expected life is less than one year. Unrealized gains or losses arising from changes in fair value less cost to sell during the period are included in the results of operations and presented on a separate line of statement of loss and comprehensive loss of the related period. Inventories Inventories are comprised of raw materials, harvested cannabis transferred from biological assets, work in progress, and finished goods. Inventories are initially valued at cost and subsequently at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Inventory cost is determined on a weighted average cost basis and any trade discounts and rebates are deducted from the purchase price. Raw material costs include the purchase cost of the materials, freight-in and duty. Finished goods include the cost of direct materials and labor and a proportion of manufacturing overhead allocated based on normal production capacity. Net realizable value represents the estimated selling price for inventories in the ordinary course of business, less all estimated costs of completion and costs necessary to make the sale. The determination of net realizable value requires significant judgment, including consideration of factors such as shrinkage, the aging of and future demand for inventory and contractual arrangements with customers. Reserves for excess and obsolete inventory are based upon quantities on hand, projected volumes from demand forecasts and net realizable value. The impact of changes in inventory reserves is reflected in cost of sales. To the extent that circumstances have changed subsequently such that the net realizable value has increased, previous write-downs are reversed and recognized in net income (loss) in the year during which the reversal occurs. Property, plant and equipment Property, plant and equipment are measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any. Depreciation is provided for on a straight-line basis over the assets’ estimated useful lives, which management has determined to be as follows: Machinery and office equipment 5-10 years Vehicle 10 years Building 30 years Right-of-use assets Lesser of useful life and remaining term of the lease The Company assesses an asset’s residual value, useful life and depreciation method at each financial year end and adjusts if appropriate. During their construction, property, plant and equipment are not subject to depreciation. The Company capitalizes all costs necessary to get the asset to its intended use, including interest on borrowings when significant. When the asset is available for use, depreciation commences. Gains and losses on disposal of property, plant and equipment are determined by comparing the proceeds from disposal with the carrying amount of the property, plant and equipment and are recognized in the consolidated statement of loss of the related year. Intangible assets Intangible assets are recorded at cost less accumulated amortization and impairment losses, if any. Intangible assets acquired in a business combination are measured at fair value at the acquisition date. Amortization is provided on a straight-line basis over the assets’ estimated useful lives, which do not exceed the contractual period, if any. The Company’s finite-lived intangible assets are amortized as follows: Patents and developed technology 9 years Customer relationships 5-10 years Trademarks and brands 8-10 years Licenses 5-10 years Non-compete agreements 3 years The estimated useful lives, residual values, and amortization methods are reviewed at each year end, and any changes in estimates are accounted for prospectively. Intangible assets that have indefinite useful lives are not subject to amortization and are tested annually for impairment, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that they might be impaired. The Company does not have any intangible assets with indefinite useful lives as at December 31, 2021 or 2020. Impairment of non-financial assets The carrying amounts of the Company’s non-financial assets are reviewed for impairment as at the consolidated statement of financial position date or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. For impairment testing, assets that cannot be tested individually are grouped together into the smallest group of assets that generates cash inflows from continuing use that are largely independent of the cash inflows of other assets or groups of assets (the cash generating unit, or “CGU”). The recoverable amount of an asset or a CGU is the higher of its fair value, less costs to sell, and its value in use. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount, an impairment charge is recognized immediately in profit or loss by the amount in which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the recoverable amount. Where an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset is increased to the lesser of the revised estimate of the recoverable amount and the carrying amount that would have been recorded had no impairment loss been recognized previously. Share capital Proceeds from the issuance of common shares are classified as equity. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of common shares, stock options and warrants are recognized as a deduction from equity, net of any tax effects. Common shares are considered issued when consideration has been received. The fair value of options and warrants is determined using the Black Scholes model. Warrants attached to units along with common shares are measured with the relative fair value method. Research expenses Research expenses are expensed as they are incurred, net of any related investment tax credits, unless the criteria for capitalization of development expenses are met. Revenue recognition The Company primarily generates revenue as a manufacturer and reseller of a range of cannabis based and complementary products. See disaggregation of the Company’s revenue by products and sales by country in Note 25. In 2021, the Company acquired intellectual property for cannabis education materials and began selling licenses to use the materials for resale to educational institutions. The Company uses the following five-step contract-based analysis of transactions to determine if, when and how much revenue can be recognized: 1. Identify the contract with a customer; 2. Identify the performance obligations in the contract; 3. Determine the transaction price; 4. Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and 5. Recognize revenue when or as the Company satisfies the performance obligations. Revenue is recognized at the transaction price, which is the amount of consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring promised goods to a customer. Gross revenue excludes duties and taxes collected on behalf of third parties. Revenue is presented net of expected price discounts, sales returns, customer rebates and other incentives. The Company’s cannabis consumption accessory products include a six month warranty, which the Company accrues for the estimated liability based on historical and expected claim costs. The Company's contracts with customers for the sales of products consist of one performance obligation. Revenue from product sales is recognized at the point in time when control is transferred to the customer, which is on shipment or delivery, depending on the contract terms. The Company's payment terms generally range from 0 to 30 days from the transfer of control, and sometimes up to six months. Revenue from the license of intellectual property and other services is recognized at the transaction price, which is the amount of consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for rendering promised services to a customer. The right to use license of intellectual property is recognized in full when the materials are provided to the customer. Revenue from services provided are recognized when the services are rendered given the nature and short fulfillment time. The Company's payment terms generally range from 0 to 30 days from the invoice date, and sometimes up to six months. The Company elected as a permitted practical expedient to not adjust the customer contract consideration for significant financing components when the period between the transfer of the Company’s goods and services and customer payment is one year or less. The Company elected as a permitted practical expedient to expense, as incurred, the costs of obtaining a customer contract such as sales commissions and other selling transaction costs when the amortization period of the assets otherwise would be one year or less. Accordingly, the Company has no assets recorded for costs to obtain a customer contract as at December 31, 2021 and 2020 as there are no contracts where the underlying asset would have a life exceeding one year. Leases At the inception of a contract, the Company assesses whether a contract is, or contains, a lease. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period in exchange for consideration. The Company recognizes a right-of-use asset and a lease liability at the commencement date of the lease. The right-of-use asset is initially measured at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement date, plus any initial direct costs incurred and an estimate of costs to dismantle and remove the underlying asset, less any lease incentives received. The right-of-use asset is subsequently depreciated using the straight-line method from the commencement date to the earlier of the end of the useful life of the right-of-use asset or the end of the lease term. In addition, the right-of-use assets are adjusted for impairment losses, if any. The estimated useful lives and recoverable amounts of right-of-use assets are determined on the same basis as those of property, plant and equipment. The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, the Company's estimated incremental borrowing rate. The lease liability is subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. The Company recognizes the lease payments associated with these leases as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company has elected not to recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for short-term leases (lease term of 12 months or less) and leases for which the underlying asset is of low value. The Company has elected not to separate non-lease components from lease components for real estate leases. Borrowing costs Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period to get ready for its intended use are added to the cost of those assets. Such interest costs are capitalized for the time necessary to complete and prepare the asset for its intended use. All other borrowing costs are recognized in earnings within interest expense in the period in which they are incurred. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs incurred in connection with the borrowing of funds and lease liabilities. Income taxes Income tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Current tax and deferred tax are recognized in profit or loss except to the extent that it relates to a business combination, or items recognized directly in equity or in other comprehensive loss. Current tax is the expected tax payable or receivable on the taxable income or loss for the year, using tax rates enacted at the reporting date, and any adjustment to tax payable in respect of previous years. Deferred tax is recognized in respect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for taxation purposes. Deferred tax is not recognized for the following temporary differences: the initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction that is not a business combination and that affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss, and differences relating to investments in subsidiaries and jointly controlled entities to the extent that it is probable that they will not reverse in the foreseeable future. In addition, deferred tax is not recognized for taxable temporary differences arising on the initial recognition of goodwill. Deferred tax is measured at the tax rates that are expected to be applied to temporary differences when they reverse, based on the laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax liabilities and assets, and they relate to income taxes levied by the same tax authority on the same taxable entity, or on different tax entities, but they intend to settle current tax liabilities and assets on a net basis, or their tax assets and liabilities will be realized simultaneously. A deferred tax asset is recognized for unused tax losses, tax credits and deductible temporary differences, to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which they can be utilized. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will be realized. Loss per share Basic loss per share is calculated using the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year. Diluted loss per share reflects the potential dilution of common share equivalents, such as outstanding options and warrants, in the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period, if dilutive. The diluted loss per share calculation excludes any potential conversion of options and warrants that would be anti-dilutive. Non-controlling interests Non-controlling interests (“NCI”) are recognized either at fair value or at the NCI’s proportionate share of the net assets, determined on an acquisition-by-acquisition basis at the date of acquisition. Subsequently, the NCI’s share of net loss and comprehensive loss is attributed to the NCI. Adoption of accounting standards and amendments On May 28, 2020, the IASB issued COVID-19-Related Rent Concessions, which amended IFRS 16 Leases. The amendment permitted lessees, as a practical expedient, not to assess whether rent concessions occurring as a direct consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic are lease modifications and instead to account for those rent concessions as if they are not lease modifications. The amendment did not affect lessors. In March 2021, the IASB extended the availability of the practical expedient by one year. The amendments were effective on January 1, 2021 for the Company. The Company elected to apply the practical expedient for its new 2021 leases, and there were no such leases prior in place prior to January 1, 2021. Accounting pronouncements not yet adopted Certain new standards, amendments and interpretations, and improvements to existing standards have been published by the IASB but are not yet effective and have not been adopted early by the Company. Management anticipates that all the relevant pronouncements will be adopted in the first reporting period following the date of application. Information on new standards, amendments and interpretations, and improvements to existing standards which could potentially impact the Company’s financial statements are detailed as follows: On January 23, 2020, the IASB issued Classification of Liabilities as Current or Non-current (Amendments to IAS 1), which includes narrow-scope amendments to IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements. The objective of the amendments is to clarify how to classify debt and other liabilities as current or non-current depending on the rights that exist at the end o |
