Stock-Based Compensation | Note 11 – Stock-Based Compensation During 2015, the Company established the Long Term Incentive Plan (“Incentive Plan”), under which incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options, restricted stock or other awards may be awarded to employees, directors or consultants of the Company. The options typically vest over a four On July 23, 2021, the Company’s Board of Directors adopted, and on July 23, 2021 its stockholders approved, the 2021 Incentive Award Plan (the “2021 Plan”), which became effective on July 29, 2021. The 2021 Plan provides for the grant of incentive stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, and other stock-based awards. The number of shares reserved for issuance under the 2021 Plan was initially equal to 2,590,000 plus an annual increase on the first day of each calendar year, beginning on January 1, 2022 and ending on and including January 1, 2031, equal to the lesser of (i) 4% of the aggregate number of shares of Class A common stock outstanding on the final day of the immediately preceding calendar year and (ii) such smaller number of shares of Class A common stock as determined by the Board of Directors. No more than 15,350,000 shares of Class A common stock may be issued under the 2021 Plan upon the exercise of incentive stock options. Shares issued under the 2021 Plan may be authorized but unissued shares, shares purchased on the open market or treasury shares. If an award under the 2021 Plan expires, lapses or is terminated, exchanged for or settled in cash, surrendered, repurchased, cancelled without having been fully exercised/settled or forfeited, any unused shares subject to the award will, as applicable, become or again be available for new grants under the 2021 Plan. In addition, shares subject to stock options issued under the Incentive Plan may become available for issuance under the 2021 Plan to the extent such stock options are canceled, forfeited, exchanged, settled in cash or otherwise terminated. As of June 30, 2022, there were 2,311,230 shares available for future issuance under the 2021 Plan. On July 23, 2021, the Company’s Board of Directors adopted, and on July 23, 2021 its stockholders approved, the 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “2021 ESPP”), which became effective on July 29, 2021. A total of 250,000 shares of Class A common stock were initially reserved for issuance under this plan. The number of shares of Class A common stock that may be issued under the 2021 ESPP will automatically increase on the first day of each calendar year, beginning on January 1, 2022 and ending on and including January 1, 2031, equal to the lesser of (i) 1% of the shares of Class A common stock outstanding on the final day of the immediately preceding calendar year and (ii) such smaller number of shares of Class A common stock as determined by the board of directors, provided that not more than 3,340,000 shares of Class A common stock may be issued under the 2021 ESPP. As of June 30, 2022, no shares had been issued under the 2021 ESPP. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company recognized stock-based compensation expense of $1,052,421 and $1,950,071 , respectively. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, the Company recognized stock-based compensation expense of $351,009 and $533,234 , respectively. As of June 30, 2022, compensation expense remaining to be recognized for outstanding stock options was $12,585,048 and to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.83 years. The fair value of options granted is calculated on the grant date using the Black-Scholes option valuation model. The Company historically has been a private company and lacks company-specific historical and implied volatility information. Therefore, it estimates its expected stock volatility based on the historical volatility of a publicly traded set of peer public companies and expects to continue to do so until such time as it has adequate historical data regarding the volatility of its own traded stock price. For the six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company granted 1,067,410 shares of stock options at a weighted-average grant date fair value of $9.50 . The Company used the following assumptions in its application of the Black-Scholes option pricing model for grants during the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021: Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 2021 Weighted-average risk-free interest rate 1.35% - 3.31% 1.04% - 1.71% Expected term (in years) 5.00 - 10 years 5.83 - 10 years Expected dividend yield 0% 0% Expected volatility 65.24% - 78.12% 68.92% - 80.99% The following table summarizes the stock option activity during the six months ended June 30, 2022 under the Plan: Weighted Weighted- Average Average Remaining Number of Exercise Price Contractual Aggregate Options per Share Term (in Years) Intrinsic Value Outstanding at of December 31, 2021 2,859,544 $ 6.55 8.30 Granted 1,067,410 9.50 Exercised (72,100) 3.02 Cancelled (27,400) 6.58 Outstanding at June 30, 2022 3,827,454 $ 7.43 8.31 $ 3,669,555 Vested and exercisable at June 30, 2022 1,539,603 $ 4.59 7.33 $ 2,820,514 Vested and expected to vest at June 30, 2022 3,827,454 $ 7.43 8.31 $ 3,669,555 For the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company recognized share-based compensation expense recognized on the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations as follows: Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 2021 2022 2021 Cost of revenue $ 4,014 $ 22,367 $ 8,644 $ 44,882 Research and development 504,938 168,725 937,657 222,732 General and administrative 543,469 159,917 1,003,770 265,620 Total $ 1,052,421 $ 351,009 $ 1,950,071 $ 533,234 |