LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES | LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES Loans Held for Investment The Company’s loan portfolio consists primarily of loans to borrowers within its Southern California markets in San Diego, Orange, Ventura, Los Angeles, and Riverside counties, as well as the Inland Empire. Although the Company seeks to avoid concentrations of loans to a single industry or based upon a single class of collateral, real estate and real estate associated businesses are among the principal industries in the Company’s market area. The Company’s loan portfolio in real estate secured credit represented 83% and 82% of total loans at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The Company also originates SBA loans either for sale to institutional investors or for retention in the loan portfolio. Loans identified as held for sale are carried at the lower of cost or market value and separately designated as such in the consolidated financial statements. A portion of the Company’s revenues are from origination of loans guaranteed by the SBA under its various programs and sale of the guaranteed portions of the loans. Funding for these loans depends on annual appropriations by the U.S. Congress. The composition of the Company’s loan portfolio at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was as follows: (dollars in thousands) June 30, December 31, Construction and land development $ 275,250 $ 239,067 Real estate - other: 1-4 family residential 150,150 144,322 Multifamily residential 210,025 218,606 Commercial real estate and other 961,307 958,676 Commercial and industrial (1) 312,845 331,644 Consumer 3,776 5,458 Loans held for investment (2) 1,913,353 1,897,773 Allowance for credit losses (22,502) (17,099) Loans held for investment, net $ 1,890,851 $ 1,880,674 Loans held for sale, at lower of cost or fair value $ 1,062 $ 9,027 (1) Includes Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) loans at net amortized amount of $3.0 million and $3.5 million at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. (2) Loans held for investment includes net unearned fees of $2.6 million and $3.3 million and net unearned discount of $1.6 million and $1.8 million at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The Company has pledged $1.31 billion of loans with FHLB under a blanket lien, of which an unpaid principal balance of $833.7 million was considered as eligible collateral under this secured borrowing arrangement and loans with an unpaid principal balance of $131.6 million were pledged as collateral under a secured borrowing arrangement with the Federal Reserve as of June 30, 2023. See Note 7 – Borrowing Arrangements for additional information regarding the FHLB and Federal Reserve secured lines of credit. Credit Quality Indicators The Company categorizes loans using risk ratings based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as current financial information, historical payment experience, collateral adequacy, credit documentation, and current economic trends, among other factors. Larger, non-homogeneous loans such as CRE and C&I loans are analyzed individually for risk rating assessment. For purposes of risk classification, 1-4 Family Residential loans for investment purposes are evaluated with CRE loans. This analysis is performed on an ongoing basis as new information is obtained. The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings: Pass - Loans classified as pass include loans not meeting the risk ratings defined below. Special Mention - Loans classified as special mention have a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or of the institution’s credit position at some future date. Substandard - Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Doubtful - Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. Loss - Loans classified as loss are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the asset has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather that it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off this basically worthless asset even though partial recovery may be affected in the future. The risk category of loans by class of loans and origination year as of June 30, 2023 follows: Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis (dollars in thousands) 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Total June 30, 2023 Construction and land development Pass $ 5,360 $ 121,263 $ 130,351 $ 14,794 $ 1,940 $ 586 $ 859 $ — $ 275,153 Special mention — — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — 97 — — 97 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Loss — — — — — — — — — Total construction and land development 5,360 121,263 130,351 14,794 1,940 683 859 — 275,250 Real estate - other: 1-4 family residential Pass 26,666 37,547 21,907 7,913 5,119 16,653 33,346 — 149,151 Special mention — — — — — — 999 — 999 Substandard — — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Loss — — — — — — — — — Total 1-4 family residential 26,666 37,547 21,907 7,913 5,119 16,653 34,345 — 150,150 Multifamily residential Pass 10,494 70,602 72,765 5,982 27,624 21,723 835 — 210,025 Special mention — — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Loss — — — — — — — — — Total multifamily residential 10,494 70,602 72,765 5,982 27,624 21,723 835 — 210,025 Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis (dollars in thousands) 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Total Commercial real estate and other Pass 31,223 310,818 245,375 60,300 53,436 217,617 36,179 1,642 956,590 Special mention — 2,721 — — — — — — 2,721 Substandard — — — — — 1,996 — — 1,996 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Loss — — — — — — — — — Total commercial real estate and other 31,223 313,539 245,375 60,300 53,436 219,613 36,179 1,642 961,307 Commercial and industrial Pass 47,155 81,834 14,275 6,702 9,284 15,743 127,439 1,003 303,435 Special mention — — 1,648 1,554 161 333 3,145 — 6,841 Substandard — — 77 — 1,310 682 — 500 2,569 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Loss — — — — — — — — — Total commercial and industrial 47,155 81,834 16,000 8,256 10,755 16,758 130,584 1,503 312,845 Consumer Pass 915 — 48 107 10 651 2,045 — 3,776 Special mention — — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Loss — — — — — — — — — Total consumer 915 — 48 107 10 651 2,045 — 3,776 Total loans $ 121,813 $ 624,785 $ 486,446 $ 97,352 $ 98,884 $ 276,081 $ 204,847 $ 3,145 $ 1,913,353 Total loans Pass $ 121,813 $ 622,064 $ 484,721 $ 95,798 $ 97,413 $ 272,973 $ 200,703 $ 2,645 $ 1,898,130 Special mention — 2,721 1,648 1,554 161 333 4,144 — 10,561 Substandard — — 77 — 1,310 2,775 — 500 4,662 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Loss — — — — — — — — — Total loans $ 121,813 $ 624,785 $ 486,446 $ 97,352 $ 98,884 $ 276,081 $ 204,847 $ 3,145 $ 1,913,353 A summary of gross charge-offs by class of loans and origination year for the six months ended June 30, 2023 follows: Term Loans Gross Charge-offs by Origination Year Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis (dollars in thousands) 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Total Construction and land development $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Real estate - other: 1-4 family residential — — — — — (12) — — (12) Multifamily residential — — — — — — — — — Commercial real estate and other — — — — — — — — — Commercial and industrial — — — (15) — (9) — — (24) Consumer — — — — — — — — — Total loans $ — $ — $ — $ (15) $ — $ (21) $ — $ — $ (36) The risk category of loans by class of loans as of December 31, 2022 follows: (dollars in thousands) Pass Special Substandard Total December 31, 2022 Construction and land development $ 238,965 $ — $ 102 $ 239,067 Real estate - other: 1-4 family residential 143,284 999 39 144,322 Multifamily residential 218,606 — — 218,606 Commercial real estate and other 956,649 — 2,027 958,676 Commercial and industrial 323,999 6,057 1,588 331,644 Consumer 5,458 — — 5,458 $ 1,886,961 $ 7,056 $ 3,756 $ 1,897,773 Past Due Loans A summary of past due loans as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 follows: (dollars in thousands) 30-59 Days 60-89 Days Over 90 Days Total Current Total June 30, 2023 Construction and land development $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 275,250 $ 275,250 Real estate - other: 1-4 family residential — — — — 150,150 150,150 Multifamily residential — — — — 210,025 210,025 Commercial real estate and other — — — — 961,307 961,307 Commercial and industrial — — — — 312,845 312,845 Consumer — — — — 3,776 3,776 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 1,913,353 $ 1,913,353 (dollars in thousands) 30-59 Days 60-89 Days Over 90 Days Total Current Total December 31, 2022 Construction and land development $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 239,067 $ 239,067 Real estate - other: 1-4 family residential — — — — 144,322 144,322 Multifamily residential — — — — 218,606 218,606 Commercial real estate and other — — — — 958,676 958,676 Commercial and industrial — — — — 331,644 331,644 Consumer — — — — 5,458 5,458 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 1,897,773 $ 1,897,773 There were no loans over 90 days past due loans and still accruing interest as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Nonaccrual Loans A summary of total nonaccrual loans and the amount of nonaccrual loans with no related ACL as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 follows: June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 (dollars in thousands) Total Nonaccrual Total Nonaccrual Construction and land development $ — $ — $ — $ — Real estate - other: 1-4 family residential — — 39 — Multifamily residential — — — — Commercial real estate and other 1 — 2 — Commercial and industrial 39 — — — Consumer — — — — $ 40 $ — $ 41 $ — Collateral dependent loans are loans for which the repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral and the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. There were no collateral dependent loans as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Allowance for Credit Losses - Loans On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASU 2016-13 using the modified retrospective method through a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2023 are presented under CECL while prior period amounts continue to be reported in accordance with the probable incurred loss accounting standards. The ACL consists of: (i) a specific allowance established for current expected credit losses on loans individually evaluated, (ii) a quantitative allowance for current expected loan losses based on the portfolio and expected economic conditions over a reasonable and supportable forecast period that reverts back to long-term trends to cover the expected life of the loan, (iii) a qualitative allowance including management judgment to capture factors and trends that are not adequately reflected in the quantitative allowance, and (iv) the ACL for off-balance sheet credit exposure for unfunded loan commitments. At June 30, 2023, the Company utilized probability-weighted three-scenario forecasts, representing a base-case scenario and two downside scenarios, to estimate the ACL, and the economic forecasts were released by Moody’s Analytics during the last week of June 2023 which suggested a slight shift from the March 2023 forecasts in their outlook based on the current economic data, which included the impact of the financial system turmoil and related governmental and other reactions to the rising interest rate environment, ongoing inflationary pressures throughout the U.S. economy, general uncertainty concerning future economic conditions, and the potential for recessionary conditions. These forecasts remained consistent in their long-held view that the inflationary outlook is the key to their baseline forecast. The most recent inflationary data, including the Federal Reserve’s preferred measure of inflation, is encouraging, but remained stubbornly high and may remain entrenched longer. This resulted in a modest change in Moody’s expectation that the Federal Reserve will postpone its first rate drop to the first quarter of 2024 from the last quarter of 2023. However, the baseline forecast still suggested that a soft landing would be the most likely outcome for the U.S. economy as a consequence of the resilience of consumers and labor markets. Management believes the Federal Reserve will continue to assess the impact of the bank failures, a sharp spike in near-term California unemployment rates ranging from 4.52% to 7.09%, and tightened credit conditions given the recent turmoil and liquidity concerns in the banking industry. The Company adjusted the qualitative reserve to consider the potential losses resulting from future recessionary pressures and the impact of the banking turmoil that were not captured in the quantitative model. Accrued interest receivable on loans receivable, net, totaled $5.7 million and $5.7 million at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and is included within accrued interest receivable and other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Accrued interest receivable is excluded from the ACL. The allowance for unfunded credit commitments is maintained at a level that management believes to be sufficient to absorb estimated expected credit losses related to unfunded credit facilities. The Company evaluates the loss exposure for unfunded loan commitments to extend credit following the same principles used for the ACL, with consideration for experienced utilization rates on client credit lines and the inherently lower risk of unfunded loan commitments relative to disbursed commitments. The Company recognized a negative provision for unfunded loan commitments of $135 thousand and $211 thousand for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively. There was a $146 thousand provision for unfunded loan commitments for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022. The provision for unfunded loan commitments is included in (reversal of) provision for credit losses in the consolidated statements of operations. The reserve for unfunded loan commitments was $1.5 million and $1.3 million at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The reserve for unfunded loan commitments is included in accrued interest payable and other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. A summary of the changes in the ACL for the periods indicated follows: Three Months Ended Six Months Ended (dollars in thousands) 2023 2022 2023 2022 Allowance for loan losses (ALL) Balance, beginning of period $ 22,391 $ 13,534 $ 17,099 $ 11,657 Adoption of ASU No. 2016-13 (1) — — 5,027 — Provision for loan losses 120 1,650 398 3,500 Charge-offs (9) (21) (36) (21) Recoveries — (27) 14 — Net charge-offs (9) (48) (22) (21) Balance, end of period $ 22,502 $ 15,136 $ 22,502 $ 15,136 Reserve for unfunded loan commitments Balance, beginning of period $ 1,673 $ 804 $ 1,310 $ 804 Adoption of ASU No. 2016-13 (1) — — 439 — (Reversal of) provision for unfunded commitment losses (135) 146 (211) 146 Balance, end of period 1,538 950 1,538 950 Allowance for credit losses (ACL), end of period $ 24,040 $ 16,086 $ 24,040 $ 16,086 (1) Represents the impact of adopting ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses on January 1, 2023. As a result of adopting ASU 2016-13, the Company’s methodology to compute our allowance for credit losses is based on a current expected credit loss methodology, rather than the previously applied incurred loss methodology. A summary of changes in the ACL by loan portfolio segment for the periods indicated follows: (dollars in thousands) Construction and Land Development Real Estate - Commercial & Industrial Consumer Total Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 Beginning of period $ 3,397 $ 14,699 $ 4,241 $ 54 $ 22,391 Adoption of ASU No. 2016-13 (1) — — — — — Provision (reversal of) for loan losses 159 398 (424) (13) 120 Charge-offs — — (9) — (9) Recoveries — — — — — Net charge-offs — — (9) — (9) End of period $ 3,556 $ 15,097 $ 3,808 $ 41 $ 22,502 (dollars in thousands) Construction and Land Development Real Estate - Commercial & Industrial Consumer Total Specific reserves $ — $ — $ 12 $ — $ 12 General reserves 3,556 15,097 3,796 41 22,490 $ 3,556 $ 15,097 $ 3,808 $ 41 $ 22,502 Loans evaluated for impairment: Individually $ — $ 1 $ 39 $ — $ 40 Collectively 275,250 1,321,481 312,806 3,776 1,913,313 $ 275,250 $ 1,321,482 $ 312,845 $ 3,776 $ 1,913,353 Three Months Ended June 30, 2022 Beginning of period $ 892 $ 10,012 $ 2,628 $ 2 $ 13,534 Provision for loan losses 367 974 281 28 1,650 Charge-offs — — (21) — (21) Recoveries — (1) (25) (1) (27) Net charge-offs — (1) (46) (1) (48) End of period $ 1,259 $ 10,985 $ 2,863 $ 29 $ 15,136 Specific reserves $ — $ 14 $ — $ — $ 14 General reserves 1,259 10,971 2,863 29 15,122 $ 1,259 $ 10,985 $ 2,863 $ 29 $ 15,136 Loans evaluated for impairment: Individually $ — $ 1,669 $ 101 $ — $ 1,770 Collectively 109,843 1,196,910 316,870 1,611 1,625,234 $ 109,843 $ 1,198,579 $ 316,971 $ 1,611 $ 1,627,004 (dollars in thousands) Construction and Land Development Real Estate - Commercial & Industrial Consumer Total Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 Beginning of period $ 2,301 $ 11,691 $ 3,079 $ 28 $ 17,099 Adoption of ASU No. 2016-13 (1) 881 2,983 1,132 31 5,027 Provision (reversal of) for loan losses 374 435 (393) (18) 398 Charge-offs — (12) (24) — (36) Recoveries — — 14 — 14 Net charge-offs — (12) (10) — (22) End of period $ 3,556 $ 15,097 $ 3,808 $ 41 $ 22,502 Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 Beginning of period $ 666 $ 8,441 $ 2,548 $ 2 $ 11,657 Provision for loan losses 593 2,544 336 27 3,500 Charge-offs — — (21) — (21) Recoveries — — — — — Net charge-offs — — (21) — (21) End of period $ 1,259 $ 10,985 $ 2,863 $ 29 $ 15,136 (1) Represents the impact of adopting ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses on January 1, 2023. As a result of adopting ASU 2016-13, the Company’s methodology to compute our ACL is based on a CECL methodology, rather than the previously applied incurred loss methodology. |