LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES | LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES Loans Held for Investment The Company’s loan portfolio consists primarily of loans to borrowers within its Southern and Northern California markets effective July 31, 2024. Although the Company seeks to avoid concentrations of loans to a single industry or based upon a single class of collateral, real estate and real estate associated businesses are among the principal industries in the Company’s market area. The Company’s loan portfolio in real estate secured credit represented 85% and 83% of total loans at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The Company also originates SBA loans either for sale to institutional investors or for retention in the loan portfolio. Loans identified as held for sale are carried at the lower of cost or market value and separately designated as such in the consolidated financial statements. A portion of the Company’s revenues are from origination of loans guaranteed by the SBA under its various programs and sale of the guaranteed portions of the loans. Funding for these loans depends on annual appropriations by the U.S. Congress. The composition of the Company’s loan portfolio at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 was as follows: (dollars in thousands) June 30, December 31, Construction and land development $ 205,072 $ 243,521 Real estate - other: 1-4 family residential 157,323 143,903 Multifamily residential 187,960 221,247 Commercial real estate and other 1,043,662 1,024,243 Commercial and industrial 283,203 320,142 Consumer 397 4,386 Loans held for investment (1) 1,877,617 1,957,442 Allowance for credit losses (23,788) (22,569) Loans held for investment, net $ 1,853,829 $ 1,934,873 (1) Loans held for investment includes net unearned fees of $1.7 million and $2.3 million and net unearned discounts of $1.3 million and $1.4 million at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The Company has pledged $1.36 billion of loans with the FHLB under a blanket lien, of which an unpaid principal balance of $855.1 million was considered as eligible collateral under this secured borrowing arrangement and loans with an unpaid principal balance totaling $115.7 million were pledged as collateral under a secured borrowing arrangement with the Federal Reserve as of June 30, 2024. See Note 7 – Borrowing Arrangements for additional information regarding the FHLB and Federal Reserve secured lines of credit. Loans Held for Sale Credit Quality Indicators The Company categorizes loans using risk ratings based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as current financial information, historical payment experience, collateral adequacy, credit documentation, and current economic trends, among other factors. Larger, non-homogeneous loans such as CRE and C&I loans are analyzed individually for risk rating assessment. For purposes of risk classification, 1-4 Family Residential loans for investment purposes are evaluated with CRE loans. This analysis is performed on an ongoing basis as new information is obtained. The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings: Pass - Loans classified as pass include loans not meeting the risk ratings defined below. Special Mention - Loans classified as special mention have a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or of the institution’s credit position at some future date. Substandard - Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Doubtful - Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. Loss - Loans classified as loss are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the asset has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather that it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off this basically worthless asset even though partial recovery may be affected in the future. The risk category of loans by class of loans and origination year as of June 30, 2024 follows: Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis (dollars in thousands) 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Total June 30, 2024 Construction and land development Pass $ — $ 27,832 $ 101,883 $ 47,522 $ 16,189 $ 945 $ — $ — $ 194,371 Special mention — — — — — — — — — Substandard — — 10,614 — — 87 — — 10,701 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Loss — — — — — — — — — Total construction and land development — 27,832 112,497 47,522 16,189 1,032 — — 205,072 Real estate - other: 1-4 family residential Pass 1,430 23,623 33,534 18,083 6,786 17,758 52,365 — 153,579 Special mention — — — — — 849 — — 849 Substandard — — 2,895 — — — — — 2,895 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Loss — — — — — — — — — Total 1-4 family residential 1,430 23,623 36,429 18,083 6,786 18,607 52,365 — 157,323 Multifamily residential Pass — 18,809 57,397 66,318 5,430 35,310 — — 183,264 Special mention — — — — — — — — — Substandard — — 4,696 — — — — — 4,696 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Loss — — — — — — — — — Total multifamily residential — 18,809 62,093 66,318 5,430 35,310 — — 187,960 Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis (dollars in thousands) 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Total June 30, 2024 Commercial real estate and other Pass 38,656 67,225 305,860 282,866 51,336 236,510 48,323 — 1,030,776 Special mention — — 3,832 1,159 2,286 3,903 946 498 12,624 Substandard — — — — — 262 — — 262 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Loss — — — — — — — — — Total commercial real estate and other 38,656 67,225 309,692 284,025 53,622 240,675 49,269 498 1,043,662 Commercial and industrial Pass 15,584 24,522 47,398 9,610 5,459 17,888 143,828 — 264,289 Special mention — — — 1,363 — 1,203 11,822 — 14,388 Substandard — — 335 52 — 1,218 2,921 — 4,526 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Loss — — — — — — — — — Total commercial and industrial 15,584 24,522 47,733 11,025 5,459 20,309 158,571 — 283,203 Consumer Pass 265 — — 30 — 10 92 — 397 Special mention — — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Loss — — — — — — — — — Total consumer 265 — — 30 — 10 92 — 397 Total loans $ 55,935 $ 162,011 $ 568,444 $ 427,003 $ 87,486 $ 315,943 $ 260,297 $ 498 $ 1,877,617 Total by risk rating: Pass $ 55,935 $ 162,011 $ 546,072 $ 424,429 $ 85,200 $ 308,421 $ 244,608 $ — $ 1,826,676 Special mention — — 3,832 2,522 2,286 5,955 12,768 498 27,861 Substandard — — 18,540 52 — 1,567 2,921 — 23,080 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Loss — — — — — — — — — Total loans $ 55,935 $ 162,011 $ 568,444 $ 427,003 $ 87,486 $ 315,943 $ 260,297 $ 498 $ 1,877,617 The risk category of loans by class of loans and origination year as of December 31, 2023 follows: Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis (dollars in thousands) 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Total December 31, 2023 Construction and land development Pass $ 25,113 $ 127,496 $ 71,199 $ 17,022 $ 2,071 $ 528 $ — $ — $ 243,429 Special mention — — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — 92 — — 92 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Loss — — — — — — — — — Total construction and land development 25,113 127,496 71,199 17,022 2,071 620 — — 243,521 Real estate - other: 1-4 family residential Pass 24,928 35,670 20,207 6,887 4,884 15,582 35,645 100 143,903 Special mention — — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Loss — — — — — — — — — Total 1-4 family residential 24,928 35,670 20,207 6,887 4,884 15,582 35,645 100 143,903 Multifamily residential Pass 18,803 61,677 73,365 5,712 27,292 21,245 149 — 208,243 Special mention — — — — — — — — — Substandard — 13,004 — — — — — — 13,004 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Loss — — — — — — — — — Total multifamily residential 18,803 74,681 73,365 5,712 27,292 21,245 149 — 221,247 Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis (dollars in thousands) 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Total Commercial real estate and other Pass 76,434 304,524 287,245 57,736 51,992 203,976 36,543 1,626 1,020,076 Special mention — 2,701 — — — — 295 — 2,996 Substandard — — — — — 1,171 — — 1,171 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Loss — — — — — — — — — Total commercial real estate and other 76,434 307,225 287,245 57,736 51,992 205,147 36,838 1,626 1,024,243 Commercial and industrial Pass 46,701 70,658 12,883 7,095 8,266 13,715 153,712 1,877 314,907 Special mention — — — — — — — — — Substandard — 346 64 — 1,208 121 3,097 399 5,235 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Loss — — — — — — — — — Total commercial and industrial 46,701 71,004 12,947 7,095 9,474 13,836 156,809 2,276 320,142 Consumer Pass 163 — 39 91 6 11 4,076 — 4,386 Special mention — — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Loss — — — — — — — — — Total consumer 163 — 39 91 6 11 4,076 — 4,386 Total loans $ 192,142 $ 616,076 $ 465,002 $ 94,543 $ 95,719 $ 256,441 $ 233,517 $ 4,002 $ 1,957,442 Total by risk rating: Pass $ 192,142 $ 600,025 $ 464,938 $ 94,543 $ 94,511 $ 255,057 $ 230,125 $ 3,603 $ 1,934,944 Special mention — 2,701 — — — — 295 — 2,996 Substandard — 13,350 64 — 1,208 1,384 3,097 399 19,502 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Loss — — — — — — — — — Total loans $ 192,142 $ 616,076 $ 465,002 $ 94,543 $ 95,719 $ 256,441 $ 233,517 $ 4,002 $ 1,957,442 A summary of gross charge-offs by class of loans and origination year for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 follows: Term Loans Gross Charge-offs by Origination Year Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis (dollars in thousands) 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Total Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 Construction and land development $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Real estate - other: 1-4 family residential — — — — — — 1 — 1 Multifamily residential — — 1,456 — — — — — 1,456 Commercial real estate and other — — — — — — — — — Commercial and industrial — — — — — — — — — Consumer — — — — — — — — — Total $ — $ — $ 1,456 $ — $ — $ — $ 1 $ — $ 1,457 Term Loans Gross Charge-offs by Origination Year Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis (dollars in thousands) 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Total Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 Construction and land development $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Real estate - other: 1-4 family residential — — — — — 12 — — 12 Multifamily residential — — — — — — — — — Commercial real estate and other — — — — — — — — — Commercial and industrial — — — 15 — 9 — — 24 Consumer — — — — — — — — — Total $ — $ — $ — $ 15 $ — $ 21 $ — $ — $ 36 Past Due Loans A summary of past due loans as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 follows: (dollars in thousands) 30-59 Days 60-89 Days Over 90 Days Total Current Nonaccrual Total June 30, 2024 Construction and land development $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 205,072 $ — $ 205,072 Real estate - other: 1-4 family residential — — — — 157,323 — 157,323 Multifamily residential — — — — 183,264 4,696 187,960 Commercial real estate and other — — — — 1,043,662 — 1,043,662 Commercial and industrial — — — — 283,203 — 283,203 Consumer — — — — 397 — 397 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 1,872,921 $ 4,696 $ 1,877,617 (dollars in thousands) 30-59 Days 60-89 Days Over 90 Days Total Current Nonaccrual Total December 31, 2023 Construction and land development $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 243,521 $ — $ 243,521 Real estate - other: 1-4 family residential — — — — 143,903 — 143,903 Multifamily residential — — — — 208,243 13,004 221,247 Commercial real estate and other — — — — 1,024,243 — 1,024,243 Commercial and industrial 19 — — 19 320,123 — 320,142 Consumer — — — — 4,386 — 4,386 $ 19 $ — $ — $ 19 $ 1,944,419 $ 13,004 $ 1,957,442 There were no loans over 90 days past due loans and still accruing interest as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. Nonaccrual Loans A summary of total nonaccrual loans and the amount of nonaccrual loans with no related ACL as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 follows: June 30, 2024 December 31, 2023 (dollars in thousands) Total Nonaccrual Total Nonaccrual Construction and land development $ — $ — $ — $ — Real estate - other: 1-4 family residential — — — — Multifamily residential 4,696 4,696 13,004 13,004 Commercial real estate and other — — — — Commercial and industrial — — — — Consumer — — — — $ 4,696 $ 4,696 $ 13,004 $ 13,004 Collateral Dependent Loans Collateral dependent loans are loans for which the repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral and the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. Estimates for costs to sell are included in the determination of the ACL when liquidation of the collateral is anticipated. In cases where the loan is well secured and the estimated value of the collateral exceeds the amortized cost of the loan, no ACL is recorded. At June 30, 2024, a multifamily residential three-year bridge loan originated in May 2022 was classified as a collateral dependent loan, and was collateralized by an 8-unit multifamily apartment building located in Los Angeles, California. Based on the Company's internal analysis, the estimated collateral value was $4.7 million, and was $1.5 million lower than the subject loan’s net carrying value resulting in a partial charge-off in the second quarter of 2024 . At December 31, 2023, a $13.0 million multifamily residential loan was classified as a collateral dependent loan, and was collateralized by three investment multifamily properties. The subject loan was partially charged off by $1.3 million in the fourth quarter of 2023, foreclosed on in the first quarter of 2024 and sold in the second quarter of 2024. Other Real Estate Owned (“OREO”), Net Real estate acquired by foreclosure or deed in lieu of foreclosure is recorded at fair value less costs to sell at the date of foreclosure, establishing a new cost basis by a charge to the ACL, if necessary. The Company had no foreclosed assets at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. During the six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company foreclosed on and sold $13.1 million of other real estate owned related to a three-property multifamily OREO in Santa Monica, California, and recognized a $4.8 million pre-tax loss. Allowance for Credit Losses - Loans The ACL consists of: (i) a specific allowance established for CECL on loans individually evaluated, (ii) a quantitative allowance for current expected loan losses based on the portfolio and expected economic conditions over a reasonable and supportable forecast period that reverts back to long-term trends to cover the expected life of the loan, (iii) a qualitative allowance including management judgment to capture factors and trends that are not adequately reflected in the quantitative allowance, and (iv) the ACL for off-balance sheet credit exposure for unfunded loan commitments. For prepayment and curtailment rates, the Company used its own historical prepayment and curtailment experience with covering the period starting from December 2020 to estimate the ACL. The Company used the probability-weighted two-scenario forecasts, representing a base-case scenario and one downside scenario, to estimate the ACL. The Company utilized economic forecasts released by Moody’s Analytics during the fourth week of June 2024. Other sources of economic forecasts and meeting minutes of the Federal Open Market Committee meeting were also considered by the Company when determining the scenario weighting. At June 30, 2024, the Moody’s economic forecast assumes two interest rate cuts in 2024. In its July 2024 meeting, the Federal Reserve continued to hold steady on interest rates, leaving the Fed Funds Target Rate unchanged at 5.25% to 5.50%, and suggested an interest rate cut may occur as early as September 2024. The underlying assumptions in the Moody’s economic forecasts supporting the baseline forecast remained consistent in the expectation that the Federal Reserve is done raising rates and will continue to reduce the Federal Reserve’s balance sheet through quantitative tightening at a slower pace. Moody’s baseline national gross domestic product forecast was 2.4% in 2024 on an annual average basis. The forecast assumes that growth would decelerate in response to fiscal tightening and high interest rates, gradually returning to trend by 2026. Growth in the following two years is forecasted at 1.8% in 2025 and 1.9% in 2026. On June 21, 2024, the Conference Board decreased their forecast from 1% to “less than 1%”, while the Federal Reserve members median projection for GDP growth in 2024 remained at 2.1%, with a range between 1.4% and 2.7%. Moody’s economic forecasts for California suggested a minimal change for its June 2024 baseline forecast in unemployment rate and expects it will peak in the third quarter of 2024 at 5.19% with those numbers dropping to 4.88% in second quarter of 2025. Moody’s downside scenario suggested an upward revision in the unemployment rate to 6.01% in the third quarter of 2024, peaking at 7.58% in the second quarter of 2025. The outlook for California Gross State Product (GSP) growth rate declined in baseline and downside scenario from 1.73% and 1.23%, respectively, in the third quarter of 2024 to 1.34% and -0.77%, respectively, in the second quarter of 2025. The pessimistic changes in key economic forecasts for California would have a negative impact to the Company ACL. During the second quarter of 2024, the Company updated its historical prepayment and curtailment rates analysis, and they reflected a moderate decrease from the first quarter of 2024 primarily due to lower payoffs and paydowns. Accrued interest receivable on loans receivable, net, totaled $6.7 million and $6.4 million at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, and is included within accrued interest receivable and other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Accrued interest receivable is excluded from the ACL. Allowance for Credit Losses - Unfunded Loan Commitments The allowance for unfunded credit commitments is maintained at a level that management believes to be sufficient to absorb estimated expected credit losses related to unfunded credit facilities. The Company evaluates the loss exposure for unfunded loan commitments to extend credit following the same principles used for the ACL, with consideration for experienced utilization rates on client credit lines and the inherently lower risk of unfunded loan commitments relative to disbursed commitments. The Company recognized a negative provision for unfunded loan commitments of $97 thousand and $114 thousand, respectively, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024. There was a $135 thousand and $211 thousand negative provision for unfunded loan commitments for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively. The provision for unfunded loan commitments is included in provision for (reversal of) credit losses in the consolidated statements of income. The reserve for unfunded loan commitments was $819 thousand and $933 thousand at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The reserve for unfunded loan commitments is included in accrued interest payable and other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. A summary of the changes in the ACL for the periods indicated follows: Three Months Ended Six Months Ended (dollars in thousands) 2024 2023 2024 2023 Allowance for loan losses (ALL) Balance, beginning of period $ 22,254 $ 22,391 $ 22,569 $ 17,099 Adoption of ASU No. 2016-13 (1) — — — 5,027 Provision for loan losses 2,990 120 2,676 398 Charge-offs (1,456) (9) (1,457) (36) Recoveries — — — 14 Net charge-offs (1,456) (9) (1,457) (22) Balance, end of period $ 23,788 $ 22,502 $ 23,788 $ 22,502 Reserve for unfunded loan commitments Balance, beginning of period $ 916 $ 1,673 $ 933 $ 1,310 Adoption of ASU No. 2016-13 (1) — — — 439 Reversal of credit losses for unfunded loan commitments (97) (135) (114) (211) Balance, end of period 819 1,538 819 1,538 Allowance for credit losses (ACL), end of period $ 24,607 $ 24,040 $ 24,607 $ 24,040 (1) Represents the impact of adopting ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses on January 1, 2023. As a result of adopting ASU 2016-13, the Company’s methodology to compute our ACL is based on a CECL methodology, rather than the previously applied incurred loss methodology. A summary of changes in the ALL by loan portfolio segment for the periods indicated follows: (dollars in thousands) Construction and Land Development Real Estate - Commercial & Industrial Consumer Total Three Months Ended June 30, 2024 Beginning of period $ 2,133 $ 16,572 $ 3,538 $ 11 $ 22,254 Provision for (reversal of) loan losses 809 1,932 257 (8) 2,990 Charge-offs — (1,456) — — (1,456) Recoveries — — — — — Net charge-offs — (1,456) — — (1,456) End of period $ 2,942 $ 17,048 $ 3,795 $ 3 $ 23,788 Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 Beginning of period $ 3,397 $ 14,699 $ 4,241 $ 54 $ 22,391 Provision for (reversal of) loan losses 159 398 (424) (13) 120 Charge-offs — — (9) — (9) Recoveries — — — — — Net charge-offs — — (9) — (9) End of period $ 3,556 $ 15,097 $ 3,808 $ 41 $ 22,502 (dollars in thousands) Construction and Land Development Real Estate - Commercial & Industrial Consumer Total Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 Beginning of period $ 2,032 $ 16,280 $ 4,242 $ 15 $ 22,569 Provision for (reversal of) loan losses 910 2,225 (447) (12) 2,676 Charge-offs — (1,457) — — (1,457) Recoveries — — — — — End of period $ 2,942 $ 17,048 $ 3,795 $ 3 $ 23,788 Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 Beginning of period $ 2,301 $ 11,691 $ 3,079 $ 28 $ 17,099 Adoption of ASU No. 2016-13 (1) 881 2,983 1,132 31 5,027 Provision for (reversal of) loan losses 374 435 (393) (18) 398 Charge-offs — (12) (24) — (36) Recoveries — — 14 — 14 End of period $ 3,556 $ 15,097 $ 3,808 $ 41 $ 22,502 (1) Represents the impact of adopting ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses on January 1, 2023. As a result of adopting ASU 2016-13, the Company’s methodology to compute our ACL is based on a CECL methodology, rather than the previously applied incurred loss methodology. |