Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 2. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation The accompanying unaudited financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (GAAP) for interim financial information and with the instructions of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on Form 10-Q Rule 10-01 S-X. COVID-19, of COVID-19, stay-at-home COVID-19 stay-at-home work-from-home from COVID-19 The accompanying unaudited financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and the related notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2019, which are included in the Company’s final prospectus filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b)(4) on April 24, 2020 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities Act). In the third quarter of 2020, the Company began reporting deferred offering costs within its other assets on its balance sheets. To conform to current presentation, the Company included $1.3 million of deferred financing costs at December 31, 2019 in other assets. This reclassification had no effect on the Company’s total assets, net loss or stockholders’ equity (deficit) as previously reported. Use of Estimates The preparation of the Company’s financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that impact the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, expenses, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities in the Company’s financial statements and accompanying notes. These estimates and assumptions are based on current facts, historical experience and various other factors believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the recording of expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ materially from these estimates. Concentration of Credit Risk Financial instruments, which potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk, consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities. The Company maintains deposits in federally insured financial institutions in excess of federally insured limits. The Company is exposed to credit risk in the event of default by the financial institutions holding its cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities that are recorded on its balance sheets. The Company mitigates its risk by investing in high-grade instruments and limiting the concentration in any one issuer, which limits its exposure. The Company has not experienced any losses since inception. The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities, prepaid expenses, accounts payable and accrued other liabilities are reasonable estimates of their fair value because of the short maturity of these items. Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid investments with maturities of 90 days or less at the time of purchase that are readily convertible into cash as cash equivalents. These investments may include money market funds, securities issued by U.S. Government agencies, corporate debt securities and commercial paper. Marketable Securities Investments with maturities at the date of acquisition of more than 90 days are considered marketable securities. The Company has classified its investment holdings as available-for-sale, available-for-sale held-to-maturity Available-for-sale Research and Development Expenses and Accrued Research and Development Expenses The Company is required to estimate its expenses resulting from its obligations under contracts with vendors, consultants, contract research organizations (CRO), and contract manufacturing organizations (CMO) in connection with conducting research and development activities. The financial terms of these contracts vary from contract to contract and may result in payment flows that do not match the periods over which materials or services are provided under such contracts. Research and development costs are expensed in the period in which they are incurred. External costs consist primarily of payments to outside CROs, CMOs, clinical trial sites and central laboratories in connection with the Company’s discovery and preclinical activities, process development, clinical manufacturing and clinical development activities. External expenses are recognized based on an evaluation of the progress to completion of specific tasks using information provided to the Company by its service providers or its estimate of the level of service that has been performed at each reporting date. The Company allocates external costs by program, clinical or preclinical. Internal costs consist primary of employee-related costs, laboratory supplies, facilities, depreciation and costs related to compliance with regulatory requirements. The Company does not allocate internal costs by program because these costs are deployed across multiple programs and, as such, are not separately classified. License Fees Acquisitions of technology licenses are charged to acquired in-process Deferred Offering Costs The Company capitalizes costs that are directly associated with equity financings until such financings are consummated at which time such costs are recorded against the gross proceeds of the offering. Should an in-process Net Loss Per Share Basic net loss per common share is calculated by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period, without consideration of potentially dilutive securities. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares and potentially dilutive securities outstanding for the period. As the Company has reported a net loss for all periods presented, diluted net loss per common share is the same as basic net loss per common share for those periods. The following table sets forth the computation of the basic and diluted net loss per share (in thousands, except share and per share amounts). Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended 2020 2019 2020 2019 Numerator Net loss $ (25,548 ) $ (6,549 ) $ (45,444 ) $ (18,529 ) Denominator Weighted average shares outstanding used in computing net loss per share, basic and diluted 30,314,904 1,946,439 18,022,068 1,876,687 Net loss per share, basic and diluted $ (0.84 ) $ (3.36 ) $ (2.52 ) $ (9.87 ) The following outstanding shares of potentially dilutive securities were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders for the periods presented because including them would have been anti-dilutive: As of September 30, 2020 2019 Options to purchase common stock 3,959,693 2,251,594 Convertible preferred stock — 19,278,606 Total 3,959,693 21,530,200 Recent Accounting Pronouncements From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) under its accounting standard codifications (ASC) or other standard setting bodies and adopted by the Company as of the specified effective date, unless otherwise discussed below. In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No 2019-12 , Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes 2019-12 2019-12 New Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) right-of-use No. 2020-05, No. 2016-02 No. 2018-10, Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases No. 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements No. 2018-11 right-of-use In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses Topic 326 Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments 2016-13 2016-13 available-for-sale 326-30, Losses—Available-for-Sale | (2) Summary of significant accounting policies (a) Use of estimates The preparation of the Company’s financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that impact the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, expenses, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities in the Company’s financial statements and accompanying notes. Accounting estimates and management judgments reflected in the financial statements include: normal recurring accruals; valuation of deferred tax assets, including valuation allowances; fair value of common stock and preferred stock; stock-based compensation; and useful lives of long-lived assets. Although these estimates are based on the Company’s knowledge of current events and actions it may undertake in the future, actual results may materially differ from these estimates and assumptions. (b) Concentration of credit risk Financial instruments, which potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk, consist primarily of cash deposits. The Company maintains deposits in federally insured financial institutions in excess of federally insured limits. Management believes that the Company is not exposed to significant credit risk due to the financial position of the depository institutions in which those deposits are held. The Company has not experienced any losses on deposits since inception. (c) Fair value of financial instruments The accounting guidance defines fair value, establishes a consistent framework for measuring fair value, and expands disclosure for each major asset and liability category measured at fair value on either a recurring or nonrecurring basis. Fair value is defined as an exit price representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. The carrying amounts of cash, prepaid expenses, accounts payable and accrued other liabilities are reasonable estimates of their fair value because of the short maturity of these items. (d) Cash and cash equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents primarily represent funds invested in readily available checking and money market accounts. As of December 31, 2018 and 2019, the Company had cash balances deposited at major financial institutions. (e) Prepaid expenses Any expenses paid prior to the related services rendered are recorded as prepaid expenses. Such prepaid expenses are reconciled and expensed in the period the expense is incurred. If the expense is for a service covering multiple periods, it is expensed from the date the services begin and over the period of the service rendered (or contract service period if services rendered dates are not defined). Prepaid expenses include subscriptions, licenses, research and development contracts and insurance. (f) Property and equipment Property and equipment, which consist of lab equipment, leasehold improvements, computer hardware and software, and furniture and fixtures which are stated at historical cost. Depreciation is recognized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the related assets, which are generally three to seven years. Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the shorter of the lease term or the estimate useful life of the asset. The Company recorded $0.9 million and $1.0 million of depreciation expense for each of the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2019, respectively. (g) Impairment of property and equipment The Company accounts for the impairment of long-lived assets by reviewing these assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If circumstances require a long-lived asset or asset group to be tested for possible impairment, the Company first compares undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by that asset or asset group to its carrying value. If the carrying value of the long-lived asset or asset group is not recoverable on an undiscounted-cash-flow basis, an impairment is recognized to the extent that the carrying value exceeds its fair value. The Company did not recognize impairment losses for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2019. (h) Deferred rent Deferred rent consists of the difference between cash payments and the recognition of rent expense on a straight-line basis for the office facilities over the terms of the leases. The Company’s leased office facilities provide for fixed increases in minimum annual rent payments. The total amount of rent payments due over the lease term are being charged to rent expense ratably over the life of the leases. (i) Accrued research and development expenses The Company is required to estimate its expenses resulting from its obligations under contracts with vendors, consultants and contract research organizations, in connection with conducting research and development activities. The financial terms of these contracts vary from contract to contract and may result in payment flows that do not match the periods over which materials or services are provided under such contracts. The Company reflects research and development expenses in its financial statements by matching those expenses with the period in which services and efforts are expended. The Company accounts for these expenses according to the progress of the preclinical study or clinical trial as measured by the timing of various aspects of the study or related activities. The Company determines accrual estimates through review of the underlying contracts along with discussions with research and other key personnel as to the progress of studies or trials, or other services being conducted. During the course of a study or trial, the Company adjusts its rate of expense recognition if actual results differ from its estimates. (j) Research and development expenses Research and development costs are expensed in the periods in which they are incurred. External costs consist primarily payments to outside consultants, CROs, CMOs, clinical trial sites and central laboratories in connection with the Company’s discovery and preclinical activities, process development, manufacturing and clinical development activities. External expenses are recognized based on an evaluation of the progress to completion of specific tasks using information provided to the Company by its service providers or our estimate of the level of service that has been performed at each reporting date. The Company allocates external costs by the stage of program, clinical or preclinical. Internal costs consist primary of employee-related costs, laboratory supplies, facilities, depreciation and costs related to compliance with regulatory requirements. The Company does not allocate internal costs by stage of program because these costs are deployed across multiple programs and, as such, are not separately classified. Research and development expenses amounted to $19.0 million and $22.8 million during the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2019, respectively. (k) Commitments and contingencies The Company recognizes a liability with regard to loss contingencies when it believes it is probable a liability has occurred, and the amount can be reasonably estimated. If some amount within a range of loss appears at the time to be a better estimate than any other amount within the range, the Company accrues that amount. When no amount within the range is a better estimate than any other amount the Company accrues the minimum amount in the range. The Company has not recorded any such liabilities as of December 31, 2018 and 2019. (l) Income taxes The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined on the basis of the differences between the financial statements and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company recognizes deferred tax assets to the extent that the Company believes these assets are more likely than not to be realized. In making such a determination, management considers all available positive and negative evidence, including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income, tax-planning As of December 31, 2018 and 2019, the Company maintained valuation allowances against its deferred tax assets as the Company concluded it had not met the “more likely than not” to be realized threshold. Changes in the valuation allowance when they are recognized in the provision for income taxes would result in a change in the estimated annual effective tax rate. (m) Stock-based compensation Stock-based compensation expense represents the cost of the grant date fair value of employee, officer, director and non-employee The fair value of stock options is estimated using a Black-Scholes Merton valuation model on the date of grant. This method requires certain assumptions be used as inputs, such as the fair value of the underlying common stock, a risk-free interest rate, expected volatility of the Company’s common stock, expected term of the option before exercise and expected dividend yield. Options granted have a maximum contractual term of ten years. The risk-free interest rates used are based on the U.S. Treasury yield in effect at the time of grant for zero-coupon (n) Common stock valuation Due to the absence of an active market for the Company’s common stock, the Company utilized methodologies, approaches and assumptions consistent with the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants Audit and Accounting Practice Aid Series: Valuation of Privately Held Company Equity Securities Issued as Compensation (o) Deferred offering costs The Company capitalizes costs that are directly associated with in-process in-process (p) Comprehensive loss Comprehensive loss is defined as the change in equity during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner (q) Net loss per share and unaudited pro forma net loss per share Basic net loss per common share is calculated by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period, without consideration of potentially dilutive securities. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares and potentially dilutive securities outstanding for the period. For purposes of the diluted net loss per share calculation, the convertible preferred stock and common stock options are considered to be potentially dilutive securities. Basic and diluted net loss attributable to common stockholders per share is presented in conformity with the two-class The following table sets forth the computation of the basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders (in thousands, except share and per share amounts). Year ended December 31, 2018 2019 Numerator Net loss attributable to common stockholders $ (21,363 ) $ (26,883 ) Denominator Weighted-average shares outstanding used in computing net loss per share, basic and diluted 1,734,115 1,899,348 Net loss per share, basic and diluted $ (12.32 ) $ (14.15 ) The following outstanding shares of potentially dilutive securities were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders for the periods presented because including them would have been anti-dilutive: Year ended December 31, 2018 2019 Options to purchase common stock 1,854,886 2,683,441 Convertible preferred stock 13,789,770 19,278,606 Total 15,644,656 21,962,047 Unaudited pro forma net loss per share Unaudited pro forma basic and diluted net loss per share is calculated to give effect to the one-for-one as-converted The following table sets forth the computation of the basic and diluted unaudited pro forma net loss per share (in thousands, except share and per share amounts): Year ended December 31, 2019 Numerator Net loss $ (26,883 ) Denominator Weighted-average shares outstanding used in computing net loss per share, basic and diluted 1,899,348 Adjust: Assumed weighted-average effect of conversion of convertible preferred stock 17,241,861 Weighted-average shares outstanding used in computing pro forma net loss per share, basic and diluted 19,141,209 Pro forma net loss per share, basic and diluted $ (1.40 ) Unaudited Pro Forma Stockholders’ Equity The unaudited pro forma stockholders’ equity as of December 31, 2019 gives effect to the automatic conversion of all outstanding shares of the Company’s convertible preferred stock into an aggregate of 19,278,606 shares of common stock which will occur immediately prior to the completion of this offering, resulting in an aggregate of 21,262,828 outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock (which excludes 29,579 shares issued upon the early exercise of certain options, which are subject to a right of repurchase by the Company). (r) Recently issued accounting standards In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-07, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Non-employee No. 2018-07 In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) 2016-02), (Topic 840) right-of-use 2016-02 2019-10, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326), Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815) and Leases (Topic 842): Effective Dates 2019-10”), one-year 2016-02 right-of-use |