Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 2. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation The accompanying unaudited financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (GAAP) for interim financial information and with the instructions of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or U.S. GAAP, have been omitted. The accompanying unaudited financial statements include all known adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the results of interim periods as required by U.S. GAAP. These adjustments consist primarily of normal recurring accruals and estimates that impact the carrying value of assets and liabilities. Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2020, particularly in light of the novel coronavirus pandemic, or COVID-19, and its impact on domestic and global economies. To limit the spread of COVID-19, governments have taken various actions including the issuance of stay-at-home orders and physical distancing guidelines. Accordingly, businesses have adjusted, reduced or suspended operating activities. Beginning the week of March 16, 2020, the majority of the Company’s workforce began working from home. The effects of the stay-at-home orders and work-from-home policies may negatively impact productivity, disrupt the business and delay the development programs and regulatory timelines, the magnitude of which will depend, in part, on the length and severity of the restrictions and other limitations on the Company’s ability to conduct business in the ordinary course. As a result, research and development expenses and general and administrative expenses may vary significantly if there is an increased impact from COVID-19 on the costs and timing associated with the conduct of the clinical trials and other related business activities. The accompanying unaudited financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and the related notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2019, which are included in the Company’s final prospectus filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b)(4) on April 24, 2020 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities Act). Use of Estimates The preparation of the Company’s financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that impact the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, expenses, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities in the Company’s financial statements and accompanying notes. These estimates and assumptions are based on current facts, historical experience and various other factors believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the recording of expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ materially from these estimates. Concentration of Credit Risk Financial instruments, which potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk, consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents. The Company maintains deposits in federally insured financial institutions in excess of federally insured limits. The Company is exposed to credit risk in the event of default by the financial institutions holding our cash and cash equivalents that are recorded on our balance sheets. The Company mitigates its risk by investing in high-grade instruments and limiting the concentration in any one issuer, which limits its exposure. The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, prepaid expenses, accounts payable and accrued other liabilities are reasonable estimates of their fair value because of the short maturity of these items. Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents primarily represent funds invested in readily available checking and money market funds. Research and Development Expenses and Accrued Research and Development Expenses The Company is required to estimate its expenses resulting from its obligations under contracts with vendors, consultants, contract research organizations (CRO), and contract manufacturing organizations (CMO) in connection with conducting research and development activities. The financial terms of these contracts vary from contract to contract and may result in payment flows that do not match the periods over which materials or services are provided under such contracts. Research and development costs are expensed in the periods in which they are incurred. External costs consist primarily payments to outside CROs, CMOs, clinical trial sites and central laboratories in connection with the Company’s discovery and preclinical activities, process development, clinical manufacturing and clinical development activities. External expenses are recognized based on an evaluation of the progress to completion of specific tasks using information provided to the Company by its service providers or its estimate of the level of service that has been performed at each reporting date. The Company allocates external costs by the stage of program, clinical or preclinical. Internal costs consist primary of employee-related costs, laboratory supplies, facilities, depreciation and costs related to compliance with regulatory requirements. The Company does not allocate internal costs by stage of program because these costs are deployed across multiple programs and, as such, are not separately classified. Research and development expenses amounted to $7.3 million and $5.2 million during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Deferred Offering Costs The Company capitalizes costs that are directly associated with in-process equity financings until such financings are consummated at which time such costs are recorded against the gross proceeds of the IPO. Should an in-process equity financing be abandoned, the deferred offering costs will be expensed immediately as a charge to operating expenses in the statement of operations and comprehensive loss. The Company recorded $2.4 million and $1.3 million of deferred offering costs as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. Net Loss Per Share Basic net loss per common share is calculated by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period, without consideration of potentially dilutive securities. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares and potentially dilutive securities outstanding for the period. As the Company has reported a net loss for all periods presented, diluted net loss per common share is the same as basic net loss per common share for those periods. The following table sets forth the computation of the basic and diluted net loss per share (in thousands, except share and per share amounts). Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 2019 Numerator Net loss $ (8,872 ) $ (6,015 ) Denominator Weighted average shares outstanding used in computing net loss per share, basic and diluted 1,988,861 1,809,323 Net loss per share, basic and diluted $ (4.46 ) $ (3.32 ) The following outstanding shares of potentially dilutive securities were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders for the periods presented because including them would have been anti-dilutive: Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 2019 Options to purchase common stock 2,658,953 1,974,884 Convertible preferred stock 19,278,606 15,061,279 Total 21,937,559 17,036,163 Recent Accounting Pronouncements From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) under its accounting standard codifications (ASC) or other standard setting bodies and adopted by the Company as of the specified effective date, unless otherwise discussed below. New Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses ( Topic 326 ) (ASC 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments , which introduced the expected credit losses methodology for the In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740) Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes The Company expects to adopt the new standard in the first quarter of 2022. and related disclosures |