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Exhibit 99.2
DoubleDown Interactive Co., Ltd.
Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023
Contents
| Consolidated Financial Statements as of and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 | |||||
F-2 | |||||
F-3 | |||||
F-4 | |||||
F-6 | |||||
F-7 | |||||
DoubleDown Interactive Co., Ltd.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income
(unaudited, in thousands of U.S. Dollars, except share and per share amounts)
| Three months ended June 30, | Six months ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue | $ | 88,236 | $ | 75,187 | $ | 176,379 | $ | 152,783 | |||||||||||||||
| Operating expenses: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Cost of revenue(1)(2) | 26,820 | 24,905 | 54,193 | 50,624 | |||||||||||||||||||
Sales and marketing(1) | 11,107 | 13,103 | 25,867 | 29,148 | |||||||||||||||||||
Research and development(1) | 3,191 | 5,069 | 6,447 | 10,112 | |||||||||||||||||||
General and administrative(1)(3) | 10,106 | 4,540 | 20,977 | 9,882 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 819 | 48 | 1,647 | 103 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total operating expenses | 52,043 | 47,665 | 109,131 | 99,869 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Operating income | $ | 36,193 | $ | 27,522 | $ | 67,248 | $ | 52,914 | |||||||||||||||
| Other income (expense): | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest expense(4) | (426) | (436) | (835) | (898) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | 3,829 | 4,249 | 7,260 | 7,379 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Gain on foreign currency transactions | 3,396 | 2,478 | 4,113 | 2,730 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Gain (loss) on foreign currency remeasurement | (527) | (1,778) | 3,062 | 388 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Gain (loss) on short-term investments | (7) | (70) | (13) | (70) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other, net | 182 | (47) | 158 | (94) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total other income (expense), net | $ | 6,447 | $ | 4,396 | $ | 13,745 | $ | 9,435 | |||||||||||||||
| Income before income tax | $ | 42,640 | $ | 31,918 | $ | 80,993 | $ | 62,349 | |||||||||||||||
| Income tax (expense) benefit | (9,375) | (7,561) | (17,367) | (14,320) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | 33,265 | $ | 24,357 | $ | 63,626 | $ | 48,029 | |||||||||||||||
| Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | 88 | — | 141 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to DoubleDown Interactive Co., Ltd. | $ | 33,177 | $ | 24,357 | $ | 63,485 | $ | 48,029 | |||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (expense): | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pension adjustments, net of tax | (29) | 49 | 107 | (108) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Loss on foreign currency translation | (2,079) | (166) | (5,165) | (1,347) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (expense) | $ | (2,108) | $ | (118) | $ | (5,058) | $ | (1,456) | |||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive income | $ | 31,157 | $ | 24,239 | $ | 58,568 | $ | 46,573 | |||||||||||||||
| Less: Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests | 88 | — | 79 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive income attributable to DoubleDown Interactive Co., Ltd. | $ | 31,069 | $ | 24,239 | $ | 58,489 | $ | 46,573 | |||||||||||||||
| Earnings per share: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | 13.39 | $ | 9.83 | $ | 25.62 | $ | 19.38 | |||||||||||||||
| Diluted | $ | 13.39 | $ | 9.83 | $ | 25.62 | $ | 19.38 | |||||||||||||||
| Weighted average shares outstanding: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | 2,477,672 | 2,477,672 | 2,477,672 | 2,477,672 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Diluted | 2,477,672 | 2,477,672 | 2,477,672 | 2,477,672 | |||||||||||||||||||
(1)Excluding depreciation and amortization.
(2)Includes related party royalty expense of $622 and $698 for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $1,241 and $1,450 for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively (see Note 12).
(3)Includes related party rent and general and administrative expense of $1,517 and $345 for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $2,976 and $759 for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively (see Note 12).
(4)Includes related party interest expense of $411 and $436 for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $843 and $881 for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively (see Note 12).
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-2
DoubleDown Interactive Co., Ltd.
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(in thousands of U.S. Dollars, except share amounts)
| June 30, | December 31, | ||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
| (unaudited) | |||||||||||
| Assets | |||||||||||
| Current assets: | |||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 269,155 | $ | 206,911 | |||||||
| Short-term investments | 70,000 | 67,756 | |||||||||
| Accounts receivable, net | 34,000 | 32,517 | |||||||||
| Prepaid expenses, and other assets | 7,774 | 8,570 | |||||||||
| Total current assets | $ | 380,929 | $ | 315,754 | |||||||
| Property and equipment, net | 347 | 444 | |||||||||
| Operating lease right-of-use assets, net | 6,660 | 7,130 | |||||||||
| Intangible assets, net | 49,559 | 51,571 | |||||||||
| Goodwill | 396,236 | 396,704 | |||||||||
| Deferred tax asset | 17,432 | 28,934 | |||||||||
| Other non-current assets | 1,479 | 2,807 | |||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 852,642 | $ | 803,344 | |||||||
| Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity | |||||||||||
Accounts payable and accrued expenses(1) | $ | 13,249 | $ | 13,293 | |||||||
Short-term operating lease liabilities(2) | 1,362 | 3,157 | |||||||||
| Income taxes payable | 2,532 | 112 | |||||||||
| Contract liabilities | 1,777 | 2,520 | |||||||||
Current portion of borrowings with related party(3) | — | 38,778 | |||||||||
Other current liabilities(4) | 1,474 | 10,645 | |||||||||
| Total current liabilities | $ | 20,394 | $ | 68,505 | |||||||
Long-term borrowings with related party(5) | 35,992 | — | |||||||||
Long-term operating lease liabilities(6) | 5,472 | 4,420 | |||||||||
| Deferred tax liabilities, net | 543 | 848 | |||||||||
Other non-current liabilities(7) | 3,932 | 1,681 | |||||||||
| Total liabilities | $ | 66,333 | $ | 75,454 | |||||||
| Shareholders’ equity | |||||||||||
| Common stock, KRW 10,000 par value—200,000,000 Shares authorized; 2,477,672 issued and outstanding | 21,198 | 21,198 | |||||||||
| Additional paid-in-capital | 359,280 | 359,280 | |||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive income | 14,986 | 19,982 | |||||||||
| Retained earnings | 390,758 | 327,273 | |||||||||
| Total shareholders’ equity attributable to shareholders of DoubleDown Interactive Co. Ltd. | $ | 786,222 | $ | 727,733 | |||||||
| Equity attributable to noncontrolling interests | 87 | 157 | |||||||||
| Total equity | $ | 786,309 | $ | 727,890 | |||||||
| Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | $ | 852,642 | $ | 803,344 | |||||||
(1)Includes related party royalty and other payables of $1,353 and $1,618 at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (see Note 12).
(2)Includes related party operating lease liability of $1,222 and $1,298 at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (see Note 12).
(3)Includes related party notes payable of $0 and $38,778 at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (see Note 12).
(4)Includes related party interest payable of $0 and $9,501 at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (see Note 12).
(5)Includes related party notes payable of $37,125 and $0 at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (see Note 12).
(6)Includes related party operating lease liability of $3,597 and $4,414 at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (see Note 12).
(7)Includes related party interest payable of $158 and $0 at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (see Note 12).
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-3
DoubleDown Interactive Co., Ltd.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity
(unaudited, in thousands of U.S. Dollars, except share amounts)
Common shares | Common stock | Additional paid-in- capital | Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) | Retained earnings (deficit) | Equity attributable to noncontrolling interests | Total shareholders’ equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Three months ended June 30, 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| As of April 1, 2024 | 2,477,672 | $ | 21,198 | $ | 359,280 | $ | 17,095 | $ | 357,580 | $ | 147 | $ | 755,300 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | — | 33,177 | 88 | 33,265 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pension adjustments, net of tax | — | — | — | (29) | — | — | (29) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss on foreign currency translation, net of tax | — | — | — | (2,079) | — | — | (2,079) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dividends distributed to noncontrolling interests | — | — | — | — | — | (148) | (148) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| As of June 30, 2024 | 2,477,672 | $ | 21,198 | $ | 359,280 | $ | 14,986 | $ | 390,758 | $ | 87 | $ | 786,309 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Three months ended June 30, 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| As of April 1, 2023 | 2,477,672 | $ | 21,198 | $ | 359,280 | $ | 18,022 | $ | 250,060 | $ | — | $ | 648,560 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | — | 24,357 | — | 24,357 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pension adjustments, net of tax | — | — | — | 49 | — | — | 49 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss on foreign currency translation, net of tax | — | — | — | (166) | — | — | (166) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| As of June 30, 2023 | 2,477,672 | $ | 21,198 | $ | 359,280 | $ | 17,905 | $ | 274,416 | $ | — | $ | 672,799 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-4
Common shares | Common stock | Additional paid-in- capital | Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) | Retained earnings (deficit) | Equity attributable to noncontrolling interests | Total shareholders’ equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Six months ended June 30, 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| As of January 1, 2024 | 2,477,672 | $ | 21,198 | $ | 359,280 | $ | 19,982 | $ | 327,273 | $ | 157 | $ | 727,890 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | — | 63,485 | 141 | 63,626 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pension adjustments, net of tax | — | — | — | 107 | — | — | 107 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss on foreign currency translation, net of tax | — | — | — | (5,103) | — | (62) | (5,165) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dividends distributed to noncontrolling interests | — | — | — | — | — | (149) | (149) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| As of June 30, 2024 | 2,477,672 | $ | 21,198 | $ | 359,280 | $ | 14,986 | $ | 390,758 | $ | 87 | $ | 786,309 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Six months ended June 30, 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| As of January 1, 2023 | 2,477,672 | $ | 21,198 | $ | 359,280 | $ | 19,360 | $ | 226,388 | $ | — | $ | 626,226 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | — | 48,029 | — | 48,029 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pension adjustments, net of tax | — | — | — | (108) | — | — | (108) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss on foreign currency translation, net of tax | — | — | — | (1,347) | — | — | (1,347) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| As of June 30, 2023 | 2,477,672 | $ | 21,198 | $ | 359,280 | $ | 17,905 | $ | 274,416 | $ | — | $ | 672,799 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-5
DoubleDown Interactive Co., Ltd.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(unaudited, in thousands of U.S. Dollars)
| Six months ended June 30, | |||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
| Cash flow from (used in) operating activities: | |||||||||||
| Net income | $ | 63,626 | $ | 48,029 | |||||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash from operating activities: | |||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 1,647 | 103 | |||||||||
| Gain on foreign currency remeasurement | (3,062) | (388) | |||||||||
| Loss on short-term investments | 13 | 70 | |||||||||
| Deferred taxes | 11,166 | 13,655 | |||||||||
| Working capital adjustments: | |||||||||||
| Accounts receivable | (1,737) | (5,656) | |||||||||
| Prepaid expenses, other current and non-current assets | 2,482 | 1,528 | |||||||||
| Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other payables | (17) | (601) | |||||||||
| Contract liabilities | (743) | (219) | |||||||||
| Income tax payable | 2,456 | 5 | |||||||||
| Other current and non-current liabilities | (6,539) | (94,121) | |||||||||
| Net cash flows from (used in) operating activities | $ | 69,292 | $ | (37,595) | |||||||
| Cash flow from (used in) investing activities: | |||||||||||
| Purchases of intangible assets | — | — | |||||||||
| Purchases of property and equipment | (16) | (118) | |||||||||
| Purchases of short-term investments | (71,742) | (61,325) | |||||||||
| Sales of short-term investments | 66,961 | 66,440 | |||||||||
| Net cash flows from (used in) investing activities | $ | (4,797) | $ | 4,997 | |||||||
| Cash flow from (used in) financing activities: | |||||||||||
| Dividends distributed to noncontrolling interests | (149) | — | |||||||||
| Net cash flows from (used in) financing activities: | $ | (149) | $ | — | |||||||
| Net foreign exchange difference on cash and cash equivalents | (2,102) | (283) | |||||||||
| Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents | $ | 62,244 | $ | (32,881) | |||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | $ | 206,911 | $ | 217,352 | |||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | 269,155 | $ | 184,471 | |||||||
| Cash paid during year for: | |||||||||||
| Interest | $ | 9,938 | — | ||||||||
| Income taxes | $ | 2,110 | $ | 299 | |||||||
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-6
DoubleDown Interactive Co., Ltd.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Note 1: Description of business
Background and nature of operations
DoubleDown Interactive Co., Ltd. (“DDI,” “we,” “us,” “our” or the “Company,” formerly known as The8Games Co., Ltd.) was incorporated in 2008 in Seoul, Korea as an interactive entertainment studio, focused on the development and publishing of casual games and mobile applications. DDI is a subsidiary of DoubleU Games Co., Ltd. (“DUG” or “DoubleU Games”), a Korean company and our controlling shareholder holding 67.1% of our outstanding shares. The remaining 32.9% of our outstanding shares are held by STIC Special Situation Private Equity Fund (“STIC”, 20.2%) and the remainder by other shareholders and participants in our IPO (12.7%). In 2017, DDI acquired DoubleDown Interactive, LLC (“DDI-US”) from International Gaming Technologies (“IGT”) for approximately $825 million. DDI-US, with its principal place of business located in Seattle, Washington, is our primary revenue-generating entity.
We develop and publish digital gaming content on various mobile and web platforms through our multi-format interactive all-in-one game experience concept. We host DoubleDown Casino, DoubleDown Classic, and DoubleDown Fort Knox within various formats.
Acquisition of SuprNation AB
On October 31, 2023, the Company closed the acquisition of iGaming operator, SuprNation AB (“SuprNation”), for a total cash consideration €34.3 million (or approximately $36.5 million based on an exchange rate of €1 = $1.064 as of October 27, 2023). The acquisition diversifies the digital games categories that the Company addresses with the addition of three real-money iGaming sites in Western Europe. Following the closing, SuprNation AB is now a direct, wholly-owned subsidiary of DDI-US.
Basis of preparation and consolidation
Our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements (“financial statements”) have been prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission regarding interim financial information. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in the consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations.
Our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments of a normal, recurring nature necessary for the fair statement of the results for the interim periods presented. The results for the interim period presented are not necessarily indicative of those for the full year. The condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023.
The condensed consolidated financial statements include the balances and accounts of DDI and our controlled subsidiaries. All significant inter-company transactions, balances and unrealized gains or losses have been eliminated. We view our operations and manage our business as one operating segment.
Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) requires estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosures. We regularly evaluate estimates and assumptions related to provisions for income taxes, revenue recognition, expense accruals, deferred income tax asset valuation allowances, valuation of goodwill and intangibles, and legal contingencies. We base our estimates and assumptions on current facts, historical experience and various other factors that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the accrual of costs and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. The actual results experienced may differ materially and adversely from these estimates. To the extent there are material differences between the estimates and the actual results, future operating results may be affected.
F-7
Functional currency and translation of financial statements
Our functional currency is the Korean Won (“KRW”), and Euro (“EUR” or “€”) and the U.S. Dollar (“dollar,” “USD,” “US$,” or “$”) are the functional currencies of our subsidiaries in Europe and United States, respectively. The accompanying consolidated financial statements are presented in USD. The consolidated balance sheets have been translated at the exchange rates prevailing at each balance sheet date. The consolidated statement of comprehensive income and statement of cash flows have been translated using the weighted-average exchange rates prevailing during the periods of each statement. The equity capital is denominated in the functional currency, KRW, and is translated at historical exchange rates. All translation adjustments resulting from translating into the reporting currency are accumulated as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income in shareholders’ equity. Gains or losses resulting from foreign currency transactions are included in other income (expense).
Intercompany monetary items denominated in foreign currencies are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rate at the reporting date with the gain or loss arising on translation recorded to other income (expense). Intercompany non-monetary items that are measured at historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the dates of the initial transactions.
Cash and cash equivalents
We consider all money market funds and short-term investments with a maturity of three months or less when acquired to be cash and cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents are held by high credit quality financial institutions and balances may exceed limits of federal insurance. We have not experienced any losses resulting from these excess deposits.
Financial instruments and concentration of credit risk
Financial instruments, which potentially expose us to concentrations of credit risk, consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and short-term investments.
Accounts receivable are recorded and carried at the net invoiced amount, which is net of platform payment processing fees, unsecured, and represent amounts due to us based on contractual obligations where an executed contract exists. For our social-casino/free-to-play games, we generally do not require collateral and have not recognized an allowance as management estimates the net receivable is fully collectible. Apple, Inc. (“Apple”), Facebook, Inc. (“Facebook”), and Google, LLC (“Google”) represent significant distribution, marketing, and payment platforms for our games. A substantial portion of our revenue was generated from players who accessed our games through these platforms and a significant concentration of our accounts receivable balance is comprised of balances owed to us by these platforms.
The following table summarizes the percentage of revenues and accounts receivable generated via our platform providers in excess of 10% of our total revenues and total accounts receivable:
Revenue Concentration | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Three months ended June 30, | Six months ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Apple | 51.0 | % | 55.4 | % | 50.6 | % | 55.3 | % | |||||||||||||||
| 16.1 | % | 18.9 | % | 16.1 | % | 18.8 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| 14.5 | % | 16.9 | % | 14.6 | % | 17.7 | % | ||||||||||||||||
Accounts Receivable Concentration | |||||||||||
| As of June 30, | As of December 31, | ||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
| Apple | 57.8 | % | 59.3 | % | |||||||
| Xsolla | 11.9 | % | 11.3 | % | |||||||
| 9.5 | % | 10.3 | % | ||||||||
| 8.4 | % | 9.9 | % | ||||||||
F-8
Note 2: Revenue from Contracts with Customers
Our social and mobile apps operate on a free-to-play model, whereby game players may collect virtual currency free of charge through the passage of time or through targeted marketing promotions. If a game player wishes to obtain virtual currency above and beyond the level of free virtual currency available to that player, the player may purchase additional virtual currency. Once a purchase is completed, the virtual currency is deposited into the player’s account and is not separately identifiable from previously purchased virtual currency or virtual currency obtained by the game player for free.
Once obtained, virtual currency (either free or purchased) cannot be redeemed for cash nor exchanged for anything other than gameplay within our apps. When virtual currency is played on any of our games, the game player could “win” and would be awarded additional virtual currency or could “lose” and lose the future use of that virtual currency. We have concluded that our virtual currency represents consumable goods, because the game player does not receive any additional benefit from the games and is not entitled to any additional rights once the virtual currency is substantially consumed.
Control transfers when the virtual currency is consumed for gameplay. We recognize revenue from player purchases of virtual currency based on the consumption of this currency. We determined through a review of play behavior that game players generally do not purchase additional virtual currency until their existing virtual currency balances, regardless of source (e.g., bonus currency, gifted currency through social media channels, daily free chips, etc.), have been substantially consumed.
Based on an analysis of customers’ historical play behavior, purchase behavior, and the amount of virtual currency outstanding, we are able to estimate the rate that virtual currency is consumed during gameplay. Accordingly, revenue is recognized using a user-based revenue model with the period between purchases representing the timing difference between virtual currency purchase and consumption. This timing difference is relatively short.
We continuously gather and analyze detailed customer play behavior and assess this data in relation to our judgments used for revenue recognition.
We generate a small portion of our revenue from subscription services. All monthly subscription fees are prepaid and non-refundable for a one-month period and auto-renew until the end customer terminates the service with the platform provider the subscription services originated. The subscription revenue is recognized on a daily basis beginning on the original date of purchase and has no impact on a customer purchased virtual currency.
Disaggregation of revenue
We believe disaggregation of our revenue based on platform and geographical location are appropriate categories that depict how the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors.
The following table represents our disaggregation of revenue between mobile and web platforms (in thousands):
| Three months ended June 30, | Six months ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Mobile | $ | 60,959 | $ | 62,468 | $ | 121,540 | $ | 125,798 | |||||||||||||||
| Web | 27,277 | 12,719 | 54,839 | 26,985 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 88,236 | $ | 75,187 | $ | 176,379 | $ | 152,783 | |||||||||||||||
F-9
The following table presents our revenue disaggregated based on the geographical location of our players (in thousands):
| Three months ended June 30, | Six months ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. | $ | 69,943 | $ | 65,629 | $ | 140,129 | $ | 133,831 | |||||||||||||||
| Canada | 5,065 | 5,006 | 9,820 | 10,020 | |||||||||||||||||||
| United Kingdom | 6,374 | 582 | 13,154 | 1,137 | |||||||||||||||||||
International-other (1) | 6,854 | 3,970 | 13,276 | 7,795 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 88,236 | $ | 75,187 | $ | 176,379 | $ | 152,783 | |||||||||||||||
(1)Geographic location is presented as "International-other" when location data is not available.
Principal-agent considerations
Our revenue contracts are with game players who are our customers. We have exclusive control over all content, pricing, and overall functionality of games accessed by players. Our games are played on various third-party platforms for which the platform providers collect proceeds from our customers and remit us an amount after deducting a fee for processing and other agency services. We record revenue at the gross amount charged to our customers and classify fees paid to platform providers (such as Apple, Facebook, and Google) within cost of revenue, contract assets, contract liabilities and other disclosures.
Contract assets, contract liabilities and other disclosures
Customer payments are based on the payment terms established in our contracts. Payments for purchase of virtual currency are required at time of purchase, are non-refundable and relate to non-cancellable contracts that specify our performance obligations. All payments are initially recorded as revenue, as the player has no right of return after the purchase, consistent with our standard terms and conditions. Based on our analysis, at each period end, we estimate the number of days to consume virtual currency. This represents the revenue amount where the performance obligation has not been met and is deferred as a contract liability until we satisfy the obligation. The contract asset consists of platform fees for which revenue has not been recognized. For subscription revenue, the remaining portion of the daily ratable monthly subscription is recorded as a contract liability and the applicable platform fees as a contract asset.
The following table summarized our opening and closing balances in contract assets and contract liabilities (in thousands):
| As of June 30, | As of December 31, | ||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
Contract assets(1) | $ | 533 | $ | 756 | |||||||
| Contract liabilities | 1,777 | 2,520 | |||||||||
(1)Contract assets are included within prepaid expenses and other assets in our consolidated balance sheet.
Note 3: Short-term investments
The Company holds investments in marketable securities with the intention of selling these investments within a relatively short period of time (3-6 months). As such, gains or losses from holding or trading these securities were recognized in the Statements of Income. At June 30, 2024, short term investments comprised of fixed time deposits classified as trading.
F-10
Note 4: Goodwill and intangible assets
There were no changes to the carrying amount of goodwill in the six months ended June 30, 2024. We recognized an aggregate $269.9 million impairment of goodwill and intangibles in 2022. Changes in the carrying amount of intangible assets were as follows (in thousands):
| Useful life | June 30, 2024 | December 31, 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross amount | Accumulated amortization | Impairment | Net amount | Gross amount | Accumulated amortization | Impairment | Net amount | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Goodwill | indefinite | $ | 651,129 | $ | — | $ | (254,893) | $ | 396,236 | $ | 651,597 | $ | — | $ | (254,893) | $ | 396,704 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Trademarks | indefinite | 50,000 | — | (15,000) | 35,000 | 50,000 | — | (15,000) | 35,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Customer relationships | 4 years | 83,998 | (76,500) | — | 7,498 | 84,271 | (75,387) | — | 8,884 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Purchased technology | 5-10 years | 52,504 | (45,895) | — | 6,609 | 52,707 | (45,544) | — | 7,163 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Development costs | 3 years | 9,486 | (9,486) | — | — | 9,486 | (9,486) | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Software | 4-5 years | 2,948 | (2,496) | — | 452 | 2,968 | (2,444) | — | 524 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 850,065 | $ | (134,377) | $ | (269,893) | $ | 445,795 | $ | 851,029 | $ | (132,861) | $ | (269,893) | $ | 448,275 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The following reflects amortization expense related to intangible assets included with depreciation and amortization (in thousands):
| Three months ended June 30, | Six months ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization Expense | $ | 772.1 | $ | 4.2 | $ | 1,549.8 | $ | 8.2 | |||||||||||||||
Note 5: Debt
The components of debt at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 are as follows (in thousands):
| As of June 30, | As of December 31, | ||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
| 4.60% Senior Notes due to related party due 2026 | $ | 35,992 | $ | 38,778 | |||||||
| Total debt | 35,992 | 38,778 | |||||||||
| Less: Short-term debt | — | 38,778 | |||||||||
| Total Long-term debt | $ | 35,992 | $ | — | |||||||
4.60% Senior Notes due to related party due 2026
The 4.60% Senior Notes due to related party, which in aggregate total KRW100 billion at inception, accrue 4.60% interest quarterly on the outstanding principal amount until maturity. Accrued interest and outstanding principal, after deducting any voluntary repayments, are due in full at maturity (May 27, 2026).
Voluntary principal and interest payments were made in June and September 2020. Principal of KRW20 billion and interest of KRW1.2 billion were paid in June 2020 and principal of KRW30 billion and interest of KRW3.1 billion were paid in September 2020. In May 2024, a voluntary interest payment of KRW13.2 billion was made, and the maturity of the remaining outstanding principal amount under the 4.60% Senior Notes was extended by two years to May 27, 2026.
Note 6: Fair value measurements
The carrying values of our accounts receivable, prepaid expenses and other current assets, accounts payable, accrued liabilities and short-term borrowings approximate their fair values due to the short-term nature of these instruments.
F-11
Our cash equivalents (Level 1 of fair value hierarchy) consist of money market funds and Korean government bonds totaling $269.2 million, and short-term investments (Level 2 of fair value hierarchy) comprised of fixed time or certificates of deposit with maturity periods greater than 90 days totaling $70.0 million as of June 30, 2024. As of December 31, 2023, our cash equivalents (Level 1 of fair value hierarchy) consisted of money market funds and Korean government bonds totaling $206.9 million, and short-term investments (Level 2 of fair value hierarchy) comprised of fixed time or certificates of deposit with maturity periods greater than 90 days totaling $67.8 million. We rely on credit market data to track interest rates for other entities with similar risk profiles.
We record all debt at inception at fair value. We perform subsequent analysis on available data to evaluate the fair value of our borrowing as of the balance sheet date. We rely on credit market data to track interest rates for other entities with similar risk profiles. As of June 30, 2024, the fair value of our senior notes (a Level 3 estimate) was approximately $2.1 million lower than face value.
Note 7: Income taxes
We are subject to federal and state income taxes in Korea, the United States, Malta and Sweden. We account for our provision for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes, which requires an estimate of the annual effective tax rate for the full year to be applied to the interim period, taking into account year-to-date amounts and projected results for the full year.
Our effective tax rate varies from the statutory Korean income tax rate due to the effect of foreign rate differential, withholding taxes, state and local income taxes, notional interest deduction, FDII deduction, and valuation allowances on deferred tax assets in certain jurisdictions. Our effective tax rate could fluctuate significantly from quarter to quarter based on variations in the estimated and actual level of pre-tax income or loss by jurisdiction, changes in enacted tax laws and regulations, and changes in estimates regarding non-deductible expenses and tax credits. As of June 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023, we have provided a valuation allowance against our net deferred tax assets that we believe, based on the weight of available evidence, are not more likely than not to be realized.
The income tax expense of $17.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, reflects an effective tax rate of 21.4% which is lower than the effective tax rate of 23.7% for the six months ended June 30, 2023. The decrease in rate from 2023 to 2024 is primarily due to an increase in the FDII benefit and notional interest deduction.
The effective tax rate of 21.4% for the six months ended June 30, 2024, is higher than the Korean statutory rate of 19%, primarily due to foreign rate differential and state taxes.
Note 8: Net income per share
Basic net income per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period, without consideration for potentially dilutive securities. Diluted net income per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of common shares and dilutive common share equivalents outstanding for the period determined using the treasury-stock and if-converted methods. There were no potentially dilutive securities outstanding in either period presented.
Note 9: Leases
We are a lessee for corporate office spaces in Seattle, Washington, Swieqi, Malta and Seoul, Korea. The lessor for our Seoul, Korea leases is our controlling shareholder, DoubleU Games (see Note 12). Our leases have remaining terms of four to 72 months. We do not have any finance leases. Our total variable and short-term lease payments are immaterial for all periods presented.
The Seattle, Washington lease originated in July 2012 and consists of 13,219 square feet. The lease was extended by amendment in May 2024 and will expire in June 2030.
The Swieqi, Malta office lease was assumed as part of the SuprNation acquisition in October 2023 and consists of 4,770 square feet. The lease will expire in October 2024.
In September 2023, we executed a new sublease with our controlling shareholder, DUG, for 28,497 square feet of office space in Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Korea. The lease term commenced in October 2023, and will expire in September 2028.
F-12
Supplemental balance sheet and cash flow information related to operating leases is as follows (in thousands):
| As of June 30, 2024 | As of December 31, 2023 | ||||||||||
| Total operating lease right-of-use asset, net | $ | 6,660 | $ | 7,130 | |||||||
| Short-term operating lease liabilities | 1,362 | 3,157 | |||||||||
| Long-term operating lease liabilities | 5,472 | 4,420 | |||||||||
| Total operating lease liabilities | $ | 6,834 | $ | 7,577 | |||||||
| Operating lease costs | $ | 1,369 | $ | 3,201 | |||||||
Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows (in thousands):
| Six months ended | Six months ended | ||||||||||
| June 30, 2024 | June 30, 2023 | ||||||||||
| Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities | $ | 1,436 | $ | 1,715 | |||||||
| Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new lease obligations | $ | — | $ | — | |||||||
| Net increase to operating lease ROU assets resulting from remeasurements of lease obligations | $ | 1,069 | $ | — | |||||||
F-13
Note 10: Accumulated other comprehensive income
Changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) by component for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 were as follows (in thousands):
| Three months ended June 30, 2024 | Currency Translation Adjustments | Defined Benefit Pension Plan | Total | |||||||||||||||||
| Balance at April 1, 2024 | $ | 18,988 | $ | (1,893) | $ | 17,095 | ||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation loss, net of tax | (2,080) | — | (2,080) | |||||||||||||||||
| Actuarial gain/(loss), net of tax | — | (29) | (29) | |||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of June 30, 2024 | $ | 16,908 | $ | (1,922) | $ | 14,986 | ||||||||||||||
| Six months ended June 30, 2024 | Currency Translation Adjustments | Defined Benefit Pension Plan | Total | |||||||||||||||||
| Balance at January 1, 2024 | $ | 22,011 | $ | (2,029) | $19,982 | |||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation loss, net of tax | (5,103) | — | (5,103) | |||||||||||||||||
| Actuarial gain/(loss), net of tax | — | 107 | 107 | |||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of June 30, 2024 | $ | 16,908 | $ | (1,922) | $14,986 | |||||||||||||||
| Three months ended June 30, 2023 | Currency Translation Adjustments | Defined Benefit Pension Plan | Total | |||||||||||||||||
| Balance at April 1, 2023 | $ | 19,611 | $ | (1,589) | $ | 18,022 | ||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation loss, net of tax | (166) | — | (166) | |||||||||||||||||
| Actuarial gain/(loss), net of tax | — | 49 | 49 | |||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of June 30, 2023 | $ | 19,445 | $ | (1,540) | $ | 17,905 | ||||||||||||||
| Six months ended June 30, 2023 | Currency Translation Adjustments | Defined Benefit Pension Plan | Total | |||||||||||||||||
| Balance at January 1, 2023 | $ | 20,792 | $ | (1,432) | $19,360 | |||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation loss, net of tax | (1,347) | — | (1,347) | |||||||||||||||||
| Actuarial gain/(loss), net of tax | — | (108) | (108) | |||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of June 30, 2023 | $ | 19,445 | $ | (1,540) | $17,905 | |||||||||||||||
We do not tax effect foreign currency translation gain/(loss) because we have determined such gain/(loss) is permanently reinvested and actuarial gain/(loss) is not tax effected due to a valuation allowance applied to our deferred tax assets.
Note 11: Commitments and contingencies
Legal contingencies
On April 12, 2018, a class-action lawsuit was filed against DDI-US demanding a return of unfair benefit under the pretext that the Company’s social casino games are not legal in the State of Washington, United States. On August 29, 2022, DDI-US entered into an agreement in principle to settle the aforementioned case and associated proceedings, pursuant to which, among other things, DDI-US would contribute $145.25 million to the settlement fund. This agreement in principle received final court approval with the final contribution to the settlement fund made in June 2023. The Company recorded an accrual of $95.25 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, which was subsequently settled via a $95.25 million cash payment in the second quarter of 2023.
F-14
Publishing and license agreements
DoubleU Games
We entered into the DoubleU Games License Agreement on March 7, 2018, and it was subsequently amended on July 1, 2019 and November 27, 2019. In March 2023, we, through DDI-US, entered into a new Game License Agreement with DoubleU Games with effect from January 1, 2023, which supersedes the prior DoubleU Games License Agreement. Pursuant to the new Game License Agreement, DoubleU Games grants us, through DDI-US, a non-exclusive and worldwide license to service and distribute certain DoubleU Games social casino game titles and sequels thereto in the social online game field of use. We are obligated to pay a royalty license fee equal to a certain fixed percentage of the net sales of the licensed game titles to DoubleU Games in connection with these rights. As of June 30, 2024, we licensed approximately 49 game titles under the terms of this agreement.
In October 2023, we, through DDI-US, entered into a Game Development Services Agreement with DoubleUGames, pursuant to which DDI-US will pay service fees to DoubleU Games for certain game maintenance services and product planning and user analysis services provided by DoubleU Games. We incurred total service fees of $2.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024.
International Gaming Technologies (“IGT”)
In 2017, we entered into a Game Development, Distribution, and Services agreement with IGT, and it was subsequently amended on January 1, 2019. Under the terms of the agreement, IGT will deliver game assets so that we can port (a process of converting the assets into functioning slot games by platform) the technology for inclusion in our gaming apps. The agreement includes game assets that are used to create new games. Under the agreement, we pay IGT a royalty rate of 7.5% of revenue for their proprietary assets and 15% of revenue for third-party game asset types. We also pay a monthly fee for porting. The initial term of the agreement is ten (10) years with up to two additional five-year periods. Costs incurred in connection with this agreement for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 totaled $0.6 million and $1.9 million, respectively, and are recognized as a component of cost of revenue. Costs incurred in connection with this agreement for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 totaled $2.4 million and $3.9 million, respectively, and are recognized as a component of cost of revenue.
Note 12: Related party transactions
Our related party transactions comprise of expenses for use of intellectual property, borrowings, and sublease previously described. We may also incur other expenses with related parties in the ordinary course of business, which are included in the consolidated financial statements.
The following is a summary of expenses charged by our controlling shareholder, DoubleU Games (in thousands):
| Three months ended June 30, | Six months ended June 30, | Statement of Income and Comprehensive Income Line Item | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Royalty expense (see Note 11) | $ | 622 | $ | 698 | $ | 1,241 | $ | 1,450 | Cost of revenue | |||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense (see Note 5) | 411 | 436 | 843 | 881 | Interest expense | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Rent expense (see Note 9) | 323 | 307 | 657 | 624 | General and administrative expense | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Other expense | 1,194 | 38 | 2,319 | 135 | General and administrative expense | |||||||||||||||||||||
F-15
Amounts due to our controlling shareholder, DUG, are as follows (in thousands):
| At June 30, | At December 31, | Statement of Consolidated Balance Sheet Line Item | |||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||||||||
| 4.6% Senior Notes due to related party due 2026 | $ | — | $ | 38,778 | Current portion of borrowings with related party | ||||||||||||
| 4.6% Senior Notes due to related party due 2026 | 35,992 | — | Long-term borrowing with related party | ||||||||||||||
| Royalties and other expenses | 1,353 | 1,618 | A/P and accrued expenses | ||||||||||||||
| Short-term lease liability | 1,222 | 1,298 | Short-term operating lease liabilities | ||||||||||||||
| Accrued interest on 4.6% Senior Notes with related party | — | 9,501 | Other current liabilities | ||||||||||||||
| Accrued interest on 4.6% Senior Notes with related party | 158 | — | Other non-current liabilities | ||||||||||||||
| Long-term lease liability | 3,597 | 4,414 | Long-term lease liabilities | ||||||||||||||
Note 13: Defined benefit pension plan
We operate a defined benefit pension plan under employment regulations in Korea. The plan services the employees located in Seoul and is a final wage-based pension plan, which provides a specified amount of pension benefit based on length of service. The total benefit obligation of $3.4 million and $4.4 million was included in other non-current liabilities as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, and the change in actuarial gains or losses, which is not significant, was included in other comprehensive income. The plan is funded.
Note 14: Acquisition
Business Combination - SuprNation
On October 31, 2023, the Company completed its acquisition of SuprNation, a European i-Gaming operator, which is now a direct, wholly-owned subsidiary of DDI-US, for a total cash purchase price of $30.6 million. There was also a payment into escrow of $5.5 million and a deferred payment of up to $6.5 million, relating to a holdback amount to be calculated based on SuprNation’s performance and financial results 18 months following the transaction close date. The transaction is expected to enable the Company to expand into the i-Gaming market. The Company accounted for the acquisition as a business combination. Transaction costs incurred by the Company in connection with the acquisition, including professional fees, were $2.0 million.
Contemporaneously with entering into the definitive agreement, the Company also adopted an eighteen-month performance-based incentive plan for certain key employees of SuprNation, under which the key employees may earn up to a total of $6.5 million in addition to $5.5 million held in escrow, contingent upon the achievement of certain revenue and other performance targets by the acquired business and the continued employment of such key employees between 2023 and 2025. Such plan became effective at the closing of the transaction.
The Company’s consolidated statement of operations as of June 30, 2024, includes SuprNation’s revenue of $16.2 million and pre-tax loss of $2.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024.
F-16