Revenue | Note 3 — Revenue Abbott’s revenues are derived primarily from the sale of a broad line of health care products under short-term receivable arrangements. Patent protection and licenses, technological and performance features, and inclusion of Abbott’s products under a contract most impact which products are sold; price controls, competition and rebates most impact the net selling prices of products; and foreign currency translation impacts the measurement of net sales and costs. Abbott's products are generally sold directly to retailers, wholesalers, distributors, hospitals, health care facilities, laboratories, physicians' offices and government agencies throughout the world. Abbott has four reportable segments: Established Pharmaceutical Products, Diagnostic Products, Nutritional Products, and Cardiovascular and Neuromodulation Products. Diabetes Care is a non-reportable segment and is included in Other in the following table. The following tables provide detail by sales category: Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 Three Months Ended June 30, 2017 (in millions) U.S. Int’l Total U.S. Int’l Total Established Pharmaceutical Products — Key Emerging Markets $ — $ 866 $ 866 $ — $ 798 $ 798 Other — 263 263 — 223 223 Total — 1,129 1,129 — 1,021 1,021 Nutritionals — Pediatric Nutritionals 469 582 1,051 459 528 987 Adult Nutritionals 312 495 807 314 430 744 Total 781 1,077 1,858 773 958 1,731 Diagnostics — Core Laboratory 248 880 1,128 232 788 1,020 Molecular 38 84 122 41 73 114 Point of Care 108 31 139 112 27 139 Rapid Diagnostics 258 226 484 — — — Total 652 1,221 1,873 385 888 1,273 Cardiovascular and Neuromodulation — Rhythm Management 262 281 543 273 279 552 Electrophysiology 193 235 428 154 189 343 Heart Failure 117 46 163 123 36 159 Vascular 284 466 750 295 436 731 Structural Heart 118 197 315 104 164 268 Neuromodulation 173 49 222 161 46 207 Total 1,147 1,274 2,421 1,110 1,150 2,260 Other 122 364 486 92 260 352 Total $ 2,702 $ 5,065 $ 7,767 $ 2,360 $ 4,277 $ 6,637 Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 Six Months Ended June 30, 2017 (in millions) U.S. Int’l Total U.S. Int’l Total Established Pharmaceutical Products— Key Emerging Markets $ — $ 1,659 $ 1,659 $ — $ 1,528 $ 1,528 Other — 514 514 — 443 443 Total — 2,173 2,173 — 1,971 1,971 Nutritionals— Pediatric Nutritionals 917 1,128 2,045 891 1,023 1,914 Adult Nutritionals 622 947 1,569 612 847 1,459 Total 1,539 2,075 3,614 1,503 1,870 3,373 Diagnostics— Core Laboratory 476 1,671 2,147 448 1,483 1,931 Molecular 77 163 240 86 140 226 Point of Care 218 62 280 222 52 274 Rapid Diagnostics 581 462 1,043 — — — Total 1,352 2,358 3,710 756 1,675 2,431 Cardiovascular and Neuromodulation— Rhythm Management 526 552 1,078 533 530 1,063 Electrophysiology 375 444 819 299 360 659 Heart Failure 231 85 316 232 69 301 Vascular 570 919 1,489 599 835 1,434 Structural Heart 227 381 608 211 313 524 Neuromodulation 341 93 434 297 85 382 Total 2,270 2,474 4,744 2,171 2,192 4,363 Other 216 700 916 254 580 834 Total $ 5,377 $ 9,780 $ 15,157 $ 4,684 $ 8,288 $ 12,972 Abbott recognizes revenue from product sales upon the transfer of control, which is generally upon shipment or delivery, depending on the delivery terms set forth in the customer contract. For maintenance agreements that provide service beyond Abbott’s standard warranty and other service agreements, revenue is recognized ratably over the contract term. A time-based measure of progress appropriately reflects the transfer of services to the customer. Payment terms between Abbott and its customers vary by the type of customer, country of sale, and the products or services offered. The term between invoicing and the payment due date is not significant. Management exercises judgment in estimating variable consideration. Provisions for discounts, rebates and sales incentives to customers, and returns and other adjustments are provided for in the period the related sales are recorded. Sales incentives to customers are not material. Historical data is readily available and reliable, and is used for estimating the amount of the reduction in gross sales. Abbott provides rebates to government agencies, wholesalers, group purchasing organizations and other private entities. Rebate amounts are usually based upon the volume of purchases using contractual or statutory prices for a product. Factors used in the rebate calculations include the identification of which products have been sold subject to a rebate, which customer or government agency price terms apply, and the estimated lag time between sale and payment of a rebate. Using historical trends, adjusted for current changes, Abbott estimates the amount of the rebate that will be paid, and records the liability as a reduction of gross sales when Abbott records its sale of the product. Settlement of the rebate generally occurs from one to six months after sale. Abbott regularly analyzes the historical rebate trends and makes adjustments to reserves for changes in trends and terms of rebate programs. Historically, adjustments to prior years' rebate accruals have not been material to net income. Other allowances charged against gross sales include cash discounts and returns, which are not significant. Cash discounts are known within 15 to 30 days of sale, and therefore can be reliably estimated. Returns can be reliably estimated because Abbott's historical returns are low, and because sales return terms and other sales terms have remained relatively unchanged for several periods. Product warranties are also not significant. Abbott also applies judgment in determining the timing of revenue recognition related to contracts that include multiple performance obligations. The total transaction price of the contract is allocated to each performance obligation in an amount based on the estimated relative standalone selling prices of the promised goods or services underlying each performance obligation. For goods or services for which observable standalone selling prices are not available, Abbott uses an expected cost plus a margin approach to estimate the standalone selling price of each performance obligation. Remaining Performance Obligations As of June 30, 2018, the estimated revenue expected to be recognized in the future related to performance obligations that are unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) was approximately $2.8 billion in the Diagnostics segment and approximately $340 million in the Cardiovascular and Neuromodulation segment. Abbott expects to recognize revenue on approximately 60% of these remaining performance obligations over the next 24 months, approximately 15% over the subsequent 12 months and the remainder thereafter. These performance obligations primarily reflect the future sale of reagents/consumables in contracts with minimum purchase obligations, extended warranty or service obligations related to previously sold equipment, and remote monitoring services related to previously implanted devices. Abbott has applied the practical expedient described in Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 606-10-50-14 and has not included remaining performance obligations related to contracts with original expected durations of one year or less in the amounts above. Assets Recognized for Costs to Obtain a Contract with a Customer Abbott has applied the practical expedient in ASC 340-40-25-4 and records as an expense the incremental costs of obtaining contracts with customers in the period of occurrence when the amortization period of the asset that Abbott otherwise would have recognized is one year or less. Upfront commission fees paid to sales personnel as a result of obtaining or renewing contracts with customers are incremental to obtaining the contract. Abbott capitalizes these amounts as contract costs. Capitalized commission fees are amortized based on the contract duration to which the assets relate which ranges from two to ten years. The amounts as of June 30, 2018, were not significant. Additionally, the cost of transmitters provided to customers that use Abbott’s remote monitoring service with respect to certain medical devices are capitalized as contract costs. Capitalized transmitter costs are amortized based on the timing of the transfer of services to which the assets relate, which typically ranges from eight to ten years. The amounts as of June 30, 2018, were not significant. Other Contract Assets and Liabilities Abbott discloses Trade receivables separately in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet at their net realizable value. Contract assets primarily relate to Abbott’s conditional right to consideration for work completed but not billed at the reporting date. Contract assets at the beginning and end of the period, as well as the changes in the balance, were not significant. Contract liabilities primarily relate to payments received from customers in advance of performance under the contract. Abbott’s contract liabilities arise primarily in the cardiovascular and neuromodulation reportable segment when payment is received upfront for various multi-period extended service arrangements. Changes in the contract liabilities during the period are as follows: (in millions) Contract Liabilities Balance at January 1, 2018 $ 198 Unearned revenue from cash received during the period 162 Revenue recognized that was included in contract liability balance at beginning of period (103) Balance at June 30, 2018 $ 257 |