Revenue | Note 3 — Revenue Abbott’s revenues are derived primarily from the sale of a broad line of health care products under short-term receivable arrangements. Patent protection and licenses, technological and performance features, and inclusion of Abbott’s products under a contract most impact which products are sold; price controls, competition and rebates most impact the net selling prices of products; and foreign currency translation impacts the measurement of net sales and costs. Abbott's products are generally sold directly to retailers, wholesalers, distributors, hospitals, health care facilities, laboratories, physicians' offices and government agencies throughout the world. Abbott has four reportable segments: Established Pharmaceutical Products, Diagnostic Products, Nutritional Products, and Cardiovascular and Neuromodulation Products. Diabetes Care is a non-reportable segment and is included in Other in the following table. The following tables provide detail by sales category: Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 (in millions) U.S. Int’l Total U.S. Int’l Total Established Pharmaceutical Products — Key Emerging Markets $ — $ 866 $ 866 $ — $ 885 $ 885 Other — 293 293 — 286 286 Total — 1,159 1,159 — 1,171 1,171 Nutritionals — Pediatric Nutritionals 459 580 1,039 436 539 975 Adult Nutritionals 315 484 799 323 470 793 Total 774 1,064 1,838 759 1,009 1,768 Diagnostics — Core Laboratory 249 837 1,086 230 803 1,033 Molecular 37 84 121 37 78 115 Point of Care 106 30 136 102 29 131 Rapid Diagnostics 274 207 481 — — — Total 666 1,158 1,824 369 910 1,279 Cardiovascular and Neuromodulation — Rhythm Management 252 256 508 250 261 511 Electrophysiology 189 217 406 147 195 342 Heart Failure 111 41 152 131 39 170 Vascular 284 436 720 292 432 724 Structural Heart 126 179 305 109 160 269 Neuromodulation 172 40 212 164 44 208 Total 1,134 1,169 2,303 1,093 1,131 2,224 Other 133 399 532 92 295 387 Total $ 2,707 $ 4,949 $ 7,656 $ 2,313 $ 4,516 $ 6,829 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 (in millions) U.S. Int’l Total U.S. Int’l Total Established Pharmaceutical Products — Key Emerging Markets $ — $ 2,525 $ 2,525 $ — $ 2,413 $ 2,413 Other — 807 807 — 729 729 Total — 3,332 3,332 — 3,142 3,142 Nutritionals — Pediatric Nutritionals 1,376 1,708 3,084 1,327 1,562 2,889 Adult Nutritionals 937 1,431 2,368 935 1,317 2,252 Total 2,313 3,139 5,452 2,262 2,879 5,141 Diagnostics — Core Laboratory 725 2,508 3,233 678 2,286 2,964 Molecular 114 247 361 123 218 341 Point of Care 324 92 416 324 81 405 Rapid Diagnostics 855 669 1,524 — — — Total 2,018 3,516 5,534 1,125 2,585 3,710 Cardiovascular and Neuromodulation — Rhythm Management 778 808 1,586 783 791 1,574 Electrophysiology 564 661 1,225 446 555 1,001 Heart Failure 342 126 468 363 108 471 Vascular 854 1,355 2,209 891 1,267 2,158 Structural Heart 353 560 913 320 473 793 Neuromodulation 513 133 646 461 129 590 Total 3,404 3,643 7,047 3,264 3,323 6,587 Other 349 1,099 1,448 346 875 1,221 Total $ 8,084 $ 14,729 $ 22,813 $ 6,997 $ 12,804 $ 19,801 Abbott recognizes revenue from product sales upon the transfer of control, which is generally upon shipment or delivery, depending on the delivery terms set forth in the customer contract. For maintenance agreements that provide service beyond Abbott’s standard warranty and other service agreements, revenue is recognized ratably over the contract term. A time-based measure of progress appropriately reflects the transfer of services to the customer. Payment terms between Abbott and its customers vary by the type of customer, country of sale, and the products or services offered. The term between invoicing and the payment due date is not significant. Management exercises judgment in estimating variable consideration. Provisions for discounts, rebates and sales incentives to customers, and returns and other adjustments are provided for in the period the related sales are recorded. Sales incentives to customers are not material. Historical data is readily available and reliable, and is used for estimating the amount of the reduction in gross sales. Abbott provides rebates to government agencies, wholesalers, group purchasing organizations and other private entities. Rebate amounts are usually based upon the volume of purchases using contractual or statutory prices for a product. Factors used in the rebate calculations include the identification of which products have been sold subject to a rebate, which customer or government agency price terms apply, and the estimated lag time between sale and payment of a rebate. Using historical trends, adjusted for current changes, Abbott estimates the amount of the rebate that will be paid, and records the liability as a reduction of gross sales when Abbott records its sale of the product. Settlement of the rebate generally occurs from one to six months after sale. Abbott regularly analyzes the historical rebate trends and makes adjustments to reserves for changes in trends and terms of rebate programs. Historically, adjustments to prior years' rebate accruals have not been material to net income. Other allowances charged against gross sales include cash discounts and returns, which are not significant. Cash discounts are known within 15 to 30 days of sale, and therefore can be reliably estimated. Returns can be reliably estimated because Abbott's historical returns are low, and because sales return terms and other sales terms have remained relatively unchanged for several periods. Product warranties are also not significant. Abbott also applies judgment in determining the timing of revenue recognition related to contracts that include multiple performance obligations. The total transaction price of the contract is allocated to each performance obligation in an amount based on the estimated relative standalone selling prices of the promised goods or services underlying each performance obligation. For goods or services for which observable standalone selling prices are not available, Abbott uses an expected cost plus a margin approach to estimate the standalone selling price of each performance obligation. Remaining Performance Obligations As of September 30, 2018, the estimated revenue expected to be recognized in the future related to performance obligations that are unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) was approximately $2.8 billion in the Diagnostics segment and approximately $330 million in the Cardiovascular and Neuromodulation segment. Abbott expects to recognize revenue on approximately 60% of these remaining performance obligations over the next 24 months, approximately 15% over the subsequent 12 months and the remainder thereafter. These performance obligations primarily reflect the future sale of reagents/consumables in contracts with minimum purchase obligations, extended warranty or service obligations related to previously sold equipment, and remote monitoring services related to previously implanted devices. Abbott has applied the practical expedient described in Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 606-10-50-14 and has not included remaining performance obligations related to contracts with original expected durations of one year or less in the amounts above. Assets Recognized for Costs to Obtain a Contract with a Customer Abbott has applied the practical expedient in ASC 340-40-25-4 and records as an expense the incremental costs of obtaining contracts with customers in the period of occurrence when the amortization period of the asset that Abbott otherwise would have recognized is one year or less. Upfront commission fees paid to sales personnel as a result of obtaining or renewing contracts with customers are incremental to obtaining the contract. Abbott capitalizes these amounts as contract costs. Capitalized commission fees are amortized based on the contract duration to which the assets relate which ranges from two to ten years. The amounts as of September 30, 2018, were not significant. Additionally, the cost of transmitters provided to customers that use Abbott’s remote monitoring service with respect to certain medical devices are capitalized as contract costs. Capitalized transmitter costs are amortized based on the timing of the transfer of services to which the assets relate, which typically ranges from eight to ten years. The amounts as of September 30, 2018, were not significant. Other Contract Assets and Liabilities Abbott discloses Trade receivables separately in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet at their net realizable value. Contract assets primarily relate to Abbott’s conditional right to consideration for work completed but not billed at the reporting date. Contract assets at the beginning and end of the period, as well as the changes in the balance, were not significant. Contract liabilities primarily relate to payments received from customers in advance of performance under the contract. Abbott’s contract liabilities arise primarily in the Cardiovascular and Neuromodulation reportable segment when payment is received upfront for various multi-period extended service arrangements. Changes in the contract liabilities during the period are as follows: (in millions) Contract Liabilities Balance at January 1, 2018 $ 198 Unearned revenue from cash received during the period 209 Revenue recognized that was included in contract liability balance at beginning of period (155) Balance at September 30, 2018 $ 252 |