Employee Benefit Plans | Employee Benefit Plans Employee Savings Plan The Company has a defined contribution retirement savings plan (the "401(k) Plan") covering eligible employees, which includes safe harbor matching contributions based on the amount of employees' contributions to the 401(k) Plan. The Company contributes to the 401(k) Plan annually 100.0% of the first 4.0% compensation that is contributed by the employee up to 4.0% of eligible annual compensation after one year of service. The Company's service contributions to the 401(k) Plan amounted to approximately $1.6 million, $1.2 million, and $1.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively, and are included within Salaries and benefits on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. The Company's cash match is invested pursuant to the participant's contribution direction. Employer contributions are immediately 100.0% vested. Stock-based Compensation The Company's 2020 Equity Incentive Plan (the "2020 Plan") provides for grants of restricted stocks units ("RSUs") and options to acquire shares of the Company's common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, to employees, directors, officers, and consultants of the Company, and the Company's 2020 Management Incentive Plan (the "2020 MIP") provides for grants of RSUs to our Executive Chair and CEO. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company approved the 2020 Plan and the 2020 MIP, and the Company's 2014 Equity Incentive Plan (the "2014 Plan") was terminated. On March 9, 2022, the Board adopted the 2022 Inducement Award Plan (the "Inducement Plan" and, collectively with the 2020 Plan, the 2020 MIP, and the 2014 Plan, the "Plans") and reserved 11,000,000 shares of Class A common stock for issuance under the Inducement Plan. The Inducement Plan was adopted by the Board without stockholder approval pursuant to Rule 5635(c)(4) of the Nasdaq Listing Rules. In accordance with Rule 5635(c)(4) of the Nasdaq Listing Rules, awards under the Inducement Plan may be made only to an employee who has not previously been an employee or member of the Board, or following a bona fide period of non-employment, if he or she is granted such award in connection with his or her commencement of employment with the Company, and such grant is an inducement material to his or her entering into employment with the Company. The 2020 Plan has an evergreen provision that requires the number of shares available for issuance under the plan to be increased on the first day of each fiscal year beginning with the 2022 fiscal year and ending on (and including) the last day of the 2024 fiscal year, in each case, in an amount equal to the lesser of (i) seven percent (7%) of the outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock on the last day of the immediately preceding fiscal year and (ii) such number of shares of Class A Common Stock determined by the Board; provided that for each fiscal year beginning with the 2025 fiscal year through the fiscal year that includes the expiration date of the plan, each such increase shall be reduced to the lesser of five percent (5%) of the outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock on the last day of the immediately preceding fiscal year or such number of shares determined by the Board. The maximum number of shares of the Company's common stock reserved for issuance over the term of the Plans, shares outstanding under the Plans, and shares remaining under the Plans at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, were as follows: December 31, 2022 Shares Authorized Under Plans Shares Outstanding Under Plans Shares Remaining Under Plans 2014 Plan 54,402,264 36,378,558 N/A 2020 Plan 31,884,272 29,805,319 242,473 2020 MIP 33,426,983 30,084,285 — Inducement Plan 11,000,000 11,000,000 — December 31, 2021 Shares Authorized Under Plans Shares Outstanding Under Plans Shares Remaining Under Plans 2014 Plan 54,402,264 41,905,875 N/A 2020 Plan 30,641,401 6,690,048 23,442,323 2020 MIP 33,426,983 33,426,983 — Effective as of the closing of the 2021 Business Combination, the 2014 Plan was terminated, at which time the outstanding awards previously granted thereunder were assumed by the Company, and no new awards are available for grant under the 2014 Plan. Shares that are expired, terminated, surrendered, or canceled under the 2014 Plan without having been fully exercised are available for awards under the 2020 Plan. Shares may be issued from authorized but unissued Company stock. The Plans are administered by the Talent and Compensation Committee of the Board (the "Compensation Committee"). The options are subject to the terms and conditions applicable to options granted under the Plans, as described in the applicable Plan and the applicable stock option grant agreement. The exercise prices, vesting, and other restrictions applicable to the stock options are determined at the discretion of the Compensation Committee, except that the exercise price per share of incentive stock options may not be less than 100.0% of the fair value of a share of common stock on the date of grant. Stock options awarded under the Plans expire 10 years after the grant date. Incentive stock options and non-statutory options granted to employees, directors, officers, and consultants of the Company typically vest over four The Company recorded Stock-based compensation expense for options, RSUs, and performance restricted stock units ("PRSUs") granted under the Plans, the Inducement Plan, and discounts offered in connection with the Company's 2020 Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("ESPP") of $164.3 million, $163.7 million, and $7.1 million during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively, and such expenses are presented within Salaries and benefits in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. Compensation cost presented within Salaries and benefits within the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss were as follows: Years ended December 31, 2022 2021 2020 (in thousands) Stock options $ 3,445 $ 7,998 $ 7,078 RSUs 75,312 65,514 — PRSUs 85,270 89,930 — ESPP 278 281 — Total compensation cost recognized for stock-based compensation plans $ 164,305 $ 163,723 $ 7,078 At December 31, 2022, there was approximately $340.5 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to unvested stock options, RSUs, PRSUs, and the ESPP, estimated to be recognized over a period of 4.00 years. The Company recognized $85.3 million and $89.9 million in share-based based compensation related to PRSUs for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The Company has granted PRSUs to certain executives, which become eligible to vest if prior to the vesting date the average closing price of one share of the Company's common stock for 90 consecutive days equals or exceeds a specified price (the "Market PRSUs"). The expense referenced above is mainly attributable to Market PRSUs that vest based on pre-established milestones including Company performance. These milestones primarily consist of the volume-weighted average stock closing price ranging from $20 to $30 for 90 consecutive days. The grant date fair value of the Market PRSUs is recognized as expense over the vesting period under the accelerated attribution method and is not adjusted in future periods for the success or failure to achieve the specified market condition. At December 31, 2022, the market condition component of these awards has not been met, so the awards have not been earned. This expense represents more than 50% of the total compensation cost recognized for stock-based compensation plans presented within Salaries and benefits within the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. Stock Options The assumptions that the Company used in the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to determine the grant-date fair value of stock options granted for the years ended December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, were as follows: Years ended December 31, 2021 2020 Weighted-average risk-free interest rate 1.06 % 0.84 % Expected term (in years) 6.06 4.68 Expected volatility 37.74 % 34.66 % Expected dividend yield — — A summary of option activity under the 2020 Plan during the year ended December 31, 2022, was as follows: Number of options Weighted-average exercise price Outstanding, January 1, 2022 1,753,799 $ 8.88 Granted during 2022 — — Exercised — — Forfeited (388,977) 8.88 Outstanding, December 31, 2022 1,364,822 $ 8.88 A summary of option activity under the 2014 Plan during the year ended December 31, 2022, was as follows: Number of options Weighted-average exercise price Outstanding, January 1, 2022 31,155,742 $ 2.35 Granted during 2022 — — Exercised (4,367,985) 0.13 Forfeited (1,156,072) 1.85 Outstanding, December 31, 2022 25,631,685 $ 2.69 The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options is calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the stock options and the fair value of the Company's common stock for those stock options that had exercise prices lower than the fair value of the Company's common stock. The weighted-average grant date fair value of stock options granted during the years ended December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 were $3.36 and $1.04 per share, respectively. At December 31, 2022, outstanding stock options, substantially all of which are expected to vest, had an aggregate intrinsic value of $340.5 million, and a weighted-average remaining contractual term of 4.00 years. At December 31, 2022, there were 21,662,878 options exercisable under the Plan, with an aggregate intrinsic value of $0.1 million, a weighted-average exercise price of $2.85 per share, and a weighted-average remaining contractual term of 6.13 years. The total value of stock options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 was $11.3 million, $39.3 million, and $5.8 million, respectively. Cash received from stock option exercises during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 totaled $1.0 million, $6.1 million, and $2.1 million, respectively. Pursuant to the terms of the applicable Plan and stock option award agreement, employees may exercise options at any time after grant while maintaining the original vesting period. The proceeds from exercise of unvested options are recorded as a liability until the option vests at which time the liability is reclassified to equity. If the employee terminates or otherwise forfeits an unvested option that has been exercised early, the Company must redeem those shares at the original exercise price and remit payment of the forfeited portion of shares back to the employee. Restricted Stock Units A summary of total RSU activity is presented below: Number of RSUs Weighted-average grant date fair value per share Outstanding, January 1, 2021 — $ — Granted during 2021 22,031,869 14.34 Released (639,752) 6.64 Forfeited (97,276) 8.42 Outstanding, December 31, 2021 21,294,841 $ 14.60 Outstanding, January 1, 2022 21,294,841 $ 14.60 Granted during 2022 34,706,132 2.45 Released (4,656,884) 14.09 Forfeited (1,726,890) 5.12 Outstanding, December 31, 2022 49,617,199 $ 6.48 Performance Restricted Stock Units Additionally, the Company has granted PRSUs that vest based on pre-established milestones including Company performance. The grant date fair value of the Market PRSUs is recognized as expense over the vesting period under the accelerated attribution method and is not adjusted in future periods for the success or failure to achieve the specified market condition. The Company has also determined the requisite service period for the PRSUs with multiple performance conditions to be the longest of the explicit, implicit, or derived service period for each tranche. There were no Market PRSUs granted prior to 2021. The grant date fair value of Market PRSUs was determined using a Monte Carlo simulation model that incorporated multiple valuation assumptions, including the probability of achieving the specified market condition and the following assumptions: Year ended December 31, 2022 Expected volatility (1) 40.7 % Risk-free interest rate (2) 0.5 Dividend yield (3) — (1) Expected volatility is based on a blend of peer group company historical data adjusted for the Company's leverage. (2) Risk-free interest rate based on U.S. Treasury yields with a term equal to the remaining Performance Period as of the grant date. (3) Dividend yield was assumed to be zero as the Company does not anticipate paying dividends. A summary of PRSU activity is presented below: Number of PRSUs Weighted-average grant date fair value per share Non-vested, January 1, 2021 — $ — Granted during 2021 27,818,524 9.58 Non-vested at December 31, 2021 27,818,524 $ 9.58 Non-vested, January 1, 2022 27,818,524 $ 9.58 Granted during 2022 2,405,281 1.38 Vested (13,264) 8.90 Forfeited (265,306) 9.11 Non-vested at December 31, 2022 29,945,235 $ 8.92 At December 31, 2022, there was $79.9 million of unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to PRSUs, which is expected to be recognized over a period of 4.00 years. 2020 Employee Stock Purchase Plan On January 6, 2021, stockholders approved the ESPP. The ESPP provides a means by which eligible employees and/or eligible service providers of either the Company or designated related companies and affiliates may be given an opportunity to purchase shares of Class A common stock at a 15.0% discount from the fair market value of the common stock as determined on specific dates at specified intervals. Subject to adjustments provided in the ESPP that are discussed below, the maximum number of shares of common stock that may be purchased under the ESPP is 6,312,038 shares, and the maximum number of shares that may be purchased on any single purchase date by any one participant is 5,000 shares. At December 31, 2022, 5,742,230 shares of Class A common stock were available for issuance under the ESPP. The ESPP includes an evergreen provision that limits the maximum number of shares of Class A common stock that may be issued under the plan, to 2,785,582 shares, plus the number of shares of Class A common stock that are automatically added on the first day of each fiscal year beginning with the 2022 fiscal year and ending on (and including) the first day of the 2030 fiscal year, in an amount equal to the lesser of (i) one percent (1%) of the total number of shares of Class A common stock outstanding on the last day of the calendar month prior to the date of such automatic increase, and (ii) such number of shares of Class A common stock as determined by the Board; provided that the maximum number of shares of Class A common stock reserved under the ESPP shall not exceed 10.0% of the total outstanding capital stock of the Company (inclusive of the shares reserved under the ESPP) as of January 7, 2021, on an as-converted basis. The initial offering period for the ESPP was five months, which commenced on September 1, 2021, and ended on January 31, 2022. The second offering period began on March 14, 2022, and ended November 22, 2022, and the third offering period began on November 23, 2022, and will end on May 21, 2023. At December 31, 2022, 569,808 shares of the Company's Class A common stock have been purchased or distributed pursuant to the ESPP. The assumptions that the Company used in the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to determine the fair value of the purchase rights under the ESPP for the year ended December 31, 2022, is as follows: Year ended December 31, 2022 Weighted-average risk-free interest rate 467.0 % Expected term (in years) 0.49 Expected volatility 78.4 % Equity warrants In November 2016 and December 2017, the Company issued warrants to purchase 139,629 shares of the Company's common stock at an exercise price of $2.61 per share, and 122,052 shares of the Company's common stock at an exercise price of $3.45 per share, respectively, as part of payment to certain providers for services provided to the Company. These warrants were automatically exercised in connection with the 2021 Business Combination. |