Investments | Investments Fixed maturity securities primarily include bonds and asset-backed securities. Fixed income securities, which may be sold prior to their contractual maturity, are designated as available-for-sale and are carried at fair value. Equity securities primarily include common stocks, mutual funds, and non-redeemable preferred stocks, which are carried at fair value. Equity securities includes non-redeemable preferred stock that were previously disclosed separately. The cost or amortized cost, gross unrealized gains, gross unrealized losses, and estimated fair value of the Company's fixed maturities investments are as follows: March 31, 2022 Cost or Gross Gross Fair Value Fixed maturities: U.S. government and government securities $ 42,026 $ 12 $ (1,428) $ 40,610 Foreign governments 400 — (7) 393 States, territories and possessions 11,388 14 (580) 10,822 Political subdivisions of states, territories and possessions 39,166 142 (1,889) 37,419 Special revenue and special assessment obligations 98,436 493 (4,851) 94,078 Industrial and public utilities 107,816 703 (2,221) 106,298 Commercial mortgage-backed securities 104,291 37 (7,061) 97,267 Residential mortgage-backed securities 19,040 83 (323) 18,800 Other loan-backed securities 41,939 24 (301) 41,662 Hybrid securities — — — — Total fixed maturities available for sale $ 464,502 $ 1,508 $ (18,661) $ 447,349 December 31, 2021 Cost or Gross Gross Fair Value Fixed maturities: U.S. government and government securities $ 41,490 $ 113 $ (169) $ 41,434 Foreign governments 2,500 — (10) 2,490 States, territories and possessions 10,593 189 (16) 10,766 Political subdivisions of states, territories and possessions 39,170 975 (143) 40,002 Special revenue and special assessment obligations 93,664 2,920 (593) 95,991 Industrial and public utilities 100,774 2,835 (352) 103,257 Commercial mortgage-backed securities 119,378 591 (1,751) 118,218 Residential mortgage-backed securities 16,549 843 (24) 17,368 Other loan-backed securities 41,236 248 (59) 41,425 Hybrid securities 105 5 — 110 Total fixed maturities available for sale $ 465,459 $ 8,719 $ (3,117) $ 471,061 The following table illustrates the Company’s gross unrealized losses and fair value of fixed maturities, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position: March 31, 2022 Less Than 12 Months 12 Months or More Total Fair Value Unrealized Loss Fair Value Unrealized Loss Fair Value Unrealized Loss Fixed maturities: U.S. government and government securities $ 37,166 $ (1,352) $ 1,550 $ (76) $ 38,716 $ (1,428) Foreign governments 393 (7) — — 393 (7) States, territories and possessions 6,855 (529) 274 (51) 7,129 (580) Political subdivisions of states, territories and possessions 23,420 (1,866) 277 (23) 23,697 (1,889) Special revenue and special assessment obligations 56,698 (4,375) 3,812 (476) 60,510 (4,851) Industrial and public utilities 47,899 (2,022) 1,547 (199) 49,446 (2,221) Commercial mortgage-backed securities 60,033 (3,636) 34,197 (3,425) 94,230 (7,061) Residential mortgage-backed securities 10,045 (323) — — 10,045 (323) Other loan-backed securities 33,037 (242) 2,885 (59) 35,922 (301) Total fixed maturities $ 275,546 $ (14,352) $ 44,542 $ (4,309) $ 320,088 $ (18,661) December 31, 2021 Less Than 12 Months 12 Months or More Total Fair Value Unrealized Loss Fair Value Unrealized Loss Fair Value Unrealized Loss Fixed maturities: U.S. government and government securities $ 26,935 $ (168) $ 23 $ (1) $ 26,958 $ (169) Foreign governments 2,490 (10) — — 2,490 (10) States, territories and possessions 935 (16) — — 935 (16) Political subdivisions of states, territories and possessions 11,115 (143) — — 11,115 (143) Special revenue and special assessment obligations 29,917 (593) — — 29,917 (593) Industrial and public utilities 24,042 (286) 1,058 (66) 25,100 (352) Commercial mortgage-backed securities 80,126 (1,565) 6,212 (186) 86,338 (1,751) Residential mortgage-backed securities 4,539 (24) — — 4,539 (24) Other loan-backed securities 20,153 (36) 2,477 (23) 22,630 (59) Total fixed maturities $ 200,252 $ (2,841) $ 9,770 $ (276) $ 210,022 $ (3,117) The unrealized losses on the Company’s available for sale securities as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 were primarily attributable to an increase in interest rates, which predominantly impacted fixed maturities acquired since the second quarter of 2020. The amortized cost and estimated fair value of fixed maturities as of March 31, 2022, by contractual maturity, are as follows: Cost or Amortized Cost Fair Value Available for sale: Due in one year or less $ 33,559 $ 33,669 Due after one year but before five years 110,891 108,584 Due after five years but before ten years 90,397 86,968 Due after ten years 64,385 60,399 Commercial mortgage-backed securities 104,291 97,267 Residential mortgage-backed securities 19,040 18,800 Other loan-backed securities 41,939 41,662 Total $ 464,502 $ 447,349 Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities as issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Realized gains and losses on investments included in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows: Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 2021 Fixed maturities: Gains $ 109 $ 80 Losses (1,136) (67) Total fixed maturities (1,027) 13 Funds held investments: Gains 8 — Losses (16) — Total funds held investments (8) — Equity securities: Gains — — Losses (12) — Total equity securities (12) — Total net realized gains (losses) $ (1,047) $ 13 Net investment income consists of the following for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021: Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 2021 Fixed maturities $ 1,754 $ 1,560 Income on funds held investments 668 680 Equity securities 154 30 Interest earned on cash and short-term investments — 2 Net investment income $ 2,576 $ 2,272 Unrealized gains (losses) recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows: Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 2021 Net gains and losses recognized during the period on equity securities $ 32 $ 17 Less: Net gains and (losses) recognized during the period on equity securities sold during the period (12) — Unrealized gains and (losses) recognized during the reporting period on equity securities still held at the reporting date $ 44 $ 17 Embedded derivatives The Company enters into funds held contracts under reinsurance agreements which create embedded derivatives that are measured at fair value. The embedded derivatives within our funds held under reinsurance agreements relate to a total return swap on the underlying investments. These embedded derivatives had no impact on total operating, investing and financing activities as presented on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of cash flows during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021. Total funds held under reinsurance agreements includes the following: March 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 Funds held under reinsurance agreements, at cost $ 202,650 $ 199,139 Embedded derivatives, at fair value (6,625) 271 Total funds held under reinsurance agreements $ 196,025 $ 199,410 Gains on embedded derivatives consists of the following for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021: Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 2021 Change in fair value of embedded derivatives $ 6,896 $ 3,356 Effect of net investment income on funds held investments (668) (680) Effect of realized gains on funds held investments 8 — Total gains on embedded derivatives $ 6,236 $ 2,676 |