| Significant Accounting Policies | Significant Accounting Policies Use of Estimates The preparation of these consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the Company’s consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. The Company bases its estimates and judgments on historical experience, knowledge of current conditions and beliefs of what could occur in the future, given the available information. Estimates are used for, but not limited to, write-down for excess and obsolete inventories, the standalone selling price for each distinct performance obligation included in customer contracts with multiple performance obligations, variable consideration from revenue contracts, determination of the fair value of share-based awards and customer warrant, valuation of ordinary shares, the realization of tax assets and estimates of tax reserves, asset lives for property and equipment, impairment of long-lived assets, accrued liabilities, allowance for doubtful accounts, and incremental borrowing rate used in the Company’s operating lease calculations. Actual results may differ from those estimates and such differences may be material to the financial statements. As of the date of issuance of these consolidated financial statements, the Company is not aware of any specific event or circumstance related to the pandemic that would require management to update the significant estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements . As new events continue to evolve and additional information becomes available, any changes to these estimates and assumptions will be recognized in the consolidated financial statements as soon as they become known. Foreign Currency All of the Company’s subsidiaries use U.S. dollars as their functional currency, except for its entities located in Taiwan and mainland China. The functional currencies of these entities are their respective local currency. Foreign currency assets and liabilities are remeasured into the functional currencies at the end-of-period exchange rates except for non-monetary assets and liabilities, which are remeasured at historical exchange rates. Revenue and expenses are remeasured at the exchange rates in effect during the period the transactions occurred, except for those expenses related to balance sheet amounts, which are remeasured at historical exchange rates. Gains or losses from foreign currency transactions are included in the consolidated statements of operations as part of ‘other income (expense), net’. Translation gains and losses are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income as a component of shareholders' equity (deficit). Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash balances in the Company’s bank checking and savings accounts. Accounts Receivable Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount, net of allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company performs periodic credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition and does not require collateral from them. Receivables considered uncollectible are charged against the allowance account in the year they are deemed uncollectible. Management does not believe that an allowance for doubtful accounts is needed as of April 30, 2022 or 2021 based on review of credit worthiness of the customers and their payment histories. Inventory The Company values its inventory, which includes raw materials, assembly and test, and other manufacturing costs, at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost is computed using standard cost, which approximates actual cost, on a first-in, first-out basis. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price of the Company’s products in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal and transportation. The Company regularly reviews inventory quantities on hand and records write-downs for excess and obsolete inventory based primarily on the shipment history and its estimated forecast of product demand. These factors are impacted by market and economic conditions, technology changes, new product introductions and changes in strategic direction. If the future demand for the Company’s services and products is less favorable than the Company’s forecasts, the value of the inventories may be required to be reduced, which could result in additional expense to the Company and affect its results of operations. Once inventory is written down, its new value is maintained until it is sold, scrapped, or written down for further valuation losses. Property and Equipment, Net Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization. Additions, improvements and major renewals are capitalized, and maintenance, repairs and minor renewals are expensed as incurred. Assets are held in construction in progress until placed in service, upon which date, the Company begins to depreciate these assets. When assets are retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in the consolidated statements of income in the period realized. Depreciation and amortization is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful life of the assets. Useful lives by asset category are as follows: Asset Category Useful Life Computer equipment and software 3 Furniture and fixtures 3 Laboratory equipment 5 Production equipment 5 Transportation equipment 4 Leases Subsequent to the adoption of ASU No. 2016-02 in the beginning of fiscal 2022, the Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. Operating lease ROU assets also include any initial direct costs and prepayments less lease incentives. Lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise such options. As the Company's leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its collateralized incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease commencement date, including lease term, in determining the present value of lease payments. Lease expense for these leases is recognized on a straight line basis over the lease term. Prior to the adoption of the ASU No. 2016-02, leases were evaluated and recorded as capital leases if one of the following was true at inception: (a) the present value of minimum lease payments met or exceeded 90% of the fair value of the asset, (b) the lease term was greater than or equal to 75% of the economic life of the asset, (c) the lease arrangement contained a bargain purchase option, or (d) title to the property transferred to the Company at the end of the lease. The Company had an immaterial capital lease for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2020. The Company did not have any capital leases for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2021. Leases that were not classified as capital leases were accounted for as operating leases. Operating lease agreements that had tenant improvement allowances were evaluated for lease incentives. For leases that contained rent or escalating rent payments, the Company recognized rent expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term, with any lease incentives amortized as a reduction of rent expense over the lease term. Impairment of Long-lived Assets The Company assesses the impairment of long-lived assets, which consist primarily of property and equipment, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that such assets might be impaired and the carrying value may not be recoverable. Events or changes in circumstances that may indicate that an asset is impaired include significant decreases in the market value of an asset, significant underperformance relative to expected historical or projected future results of operations, a change in the extent or manner in which an asset is utilized, significant declines in the estimated fair value of the overall Company for a sustained period, shifts in technology, loss of key management or personnel, changes in the Company’s operating model or strategy and competitive forces. If events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable and the expected undiscounted future cash flows attributable to the asset are less than the carrying amount of the asset, an impairment loss equal to the excess of the asset’s carrying value over its fair value is recorded. Fair value is determined based on the present value of estimated expected future cash flows using a discount rate commensurate with the risk involved, quoted market prices or appraised values, depending on the nature of the asset. In fiscal 2022, the Company recorded $4.9 million impairment charges primarily related to the impairment on property and equipment. Impairment charges of $1.8 million were presented as part of cost of product sales revenue in the consolidated statements of operations as it related to a production equipment no longer in service and impairment charges of $3.1 million were presented under operating expenses in the consolidated statements of operations for equipment that did not reach production qualification. There were no impairment charges of long-lived assets for the years ended April 30, 2021 and 2020. Revenue Recognition The Company’s revenues consist of sale of its products, licensing of its IP and providing product and IP license engineering services. Product sales consists of shipment of its ICs and AEC products. IP license revenue includes fees from licensing of the Company’s SerDes IP and related support and royalties. Product and IP license engineering services revenue consists of engineering fees associated with integration of the Company’s technology solutions into its customers’ products and IP, respectively. The Company’s customers are primarily original equipment manufacturers who design and manufacture end market devices for the communications and enterprise networks markets. The Company’s revenue is driven by various trends in these markets. The Company’s revenue is also impacted by changes in the number and average selling prices of its IC products. The Company recognizes revenue upon transfer of control of promised goods and services in an amount that reflects the consideration it expects to receive in exchange for those goods and services. Where an arrangement includes multiple performance obligations, the transaction price is allocated to these on a relative standalone selling price (“SSP”) basis. The Company determines the SSP based on an observable standalone selling price when it is available, as well as other factors, including the price charged to customers and the Company’s overall pricing objectives, while maximizing observable inputs. The determination of the SPP for certain of our IPs requires fair value estimate under income approach, involving the estimation of future cash flow expected to be generated from the IPs. The Company’s policy is to record revenue net of any applicable sales, use or excise taxes. Changes in the Company’s contract assets and contract liabilities primarily result from the timing difference between the Company’s performance and the customer’s payment. The Company fulfills its obligations under a contract with a customer by transferring products or services in exchange for consideration from the customer. The Company recognizes a contract asset when it transfers products or services to a customer and the right to consideration is conditional on something other than the passage of time. Accounts receivable are recorded when the customer has been billed or the right to consideration is unconditional. The Company recognizes deferred revenue when it has received consideration or an amount of consideration is due from the customer and it has a future obligation to transfer products or services. Product Sales - The Company transacts with customers primarily pursuant to standard purchase orders for delivery of products and generally allows customers to cancel or change purchase orders within limited notice periods prior to the scheduled shipment date. The Company offers standard performance warranties of twelve months after product delivery and does not allow returns, other than returns due to warranty issues. The Company recognizes product sales when it transfers control of promised goods in an amount that reflects the consideration to which it expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods, net of accruals for estimated sales returns and rebates. As of April 30, 2022 and 2021, the sales returns and rebate reserves were not material. IP License Revenue - The Company’s IP license revenue consists of a perpetual license, support and maintenance, and royalties. The Company’s license arrangements do not typically grant the customer the right to terminate for convenience, and where such rights exist, termination is prospective, with no refund of fees already paid by the customer. In connection with the license arrangements, the Company offers support and maintenance to assist customers in bringing up and qualifying the final product. Revenue from customer support is deferred and recognized ratably over the support period, which is typically one year. In certain cases, the Company also charges licensees royalties related to the distribution or sale of products that use its technologies. Such royalties are reported to us on a quarterly basis. The Company estimates the sales-based royalties earned each quarter primarily based on its customers’ reporting of sales activity incurred in that quarter. The Company recognizes the estimated royalty revenue when it is probable that reversal of such amounts will not occur. Any differences between actual royalties owed by a customer and the quarterly estimates are recognized when updated information becomes available. Product and IP License Engineering Services Revenue - Some product and IP revenue contracts include non-recurring engineering services deliverables. The Company recognizes revenue from these agreements over time as services are provided or at point in time upon completion and acceptance by the customer of contract deliverables, depending on the terms of the arrangement. Revenue is deferred for any amounts billed or received prior to delivery of services. The Company believes the input method, based on time spent by its engineers, best depicts the efforts expended to transfer services to the customers. Certain contracts may include multiple performance obligations for which the Company allocates revenue to each performance obligation based on relative SSP. The Company determines SSPs based on observable evidence. When SSPs are not directly observable, the Company uses the adjusted market assessment approach or residual approach, if applicable. The Company also considers the constraint on estimates of variable consideration when estimating the total transaction price. The Company records liabilities for amounts that are collected in advance of the satisfaction of performance obligations under deferred revenue. Customer Warrant The Company accounts for the warrant issued to Amazon.com NV Investment Holdings LLC as an equity instrument, based on the specific terms of the warrant agreement. When management determines that it is probable that a tranche of the warrant will vest and we recognize the related revenue, the grant date fair value of the associated tranche will be recognized in shareholders’ equity (deficit) and the underlying expense will be amortized as a reduction of revenue in proportion to the amount of related revenue recognized. Cost of Revenue Cost of revenue includes cost of materials, including wafers processed by third-party foundries, cost associated with packaging and assembly, testing and shipping, cost of personnel, including share-based compensation, depreciation of equipment associated with manufacturing support, logistics and quality assurance, warranty cost, amortization of intellectual property purchased from third-parties, write-down of inventories, and amortization and impairment of production equipment no longer in use. Cost of revenue includes cost of product sales revenue, cost of product engineering services revenue and cost of IP license engineering services revenue. Cost of revenue relating to IP license revenue was not material for fiscal 2022, 2021 and 2020. Shipping and Handling Costs Shipping and handling costs incurred for delivery to customers are expensed as incurred and are included in selling and marketing expenses in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations. Research and Development Research and development expense consists of costs incurred in performing research and development activities and includes salaries, share-based compensation, employee benefits, occupancy costs, pre-production engineering mask costs, overhead costs and prototype wafer, packaging and test costs. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Convertible Preferred Shares The Company records all shares of convertible preferred shares at their respective fair values less issuance costs on the dates of issuance. The convertible preferred shares were recorded outside of shareholders’ equity (deficit) because, in the event of certain liquidation events considered not solely within the Company’s control, such as a change in control event and sale of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets, the convertible preferred shares would have become redeemable at the option of the holders. Share-Based Compensation The Company records compensation expense in connection with share-based awards granted to employees and non-employees in accordance with guidance related to share-based payments. This guidance requires that all share-based compensation be recognized as an expense in the consolidated financial statements and that such cost be measured at the fair value of the award. The Company amortizes share-based compensation expense under the straight-line attribution method over the vesting period of the share-based award. The Company has elected to use the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the fair value of ordinary share options on the dates of grant. Calculating the fair value of share options using the Black-Scholes model requires inputs and assumptions, including the fair value of the Company’s ordinary shares, the expected term of share options and share price volatility. The Company estimates the expected life of options granted based on the simplified method. The Company estimates the volatility of its ordinary shares on the date of grant based on the average historical share price volatility of comparable publicly traded companies in the Company’s industry group. The Company has not paid and does not expect to pay dividends. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur. The fair value of each restricted stock unit is estimated based on the market price of the Company’s ordinary share on the date of grant. The fair value of each share issued under the Company’s employee stock purchase plan is estimated based on Black-Scholes option pricing model. Prior to the IPO, the absence of an active market for the Company’s ordinary shares required its board of directors, the members of which the Company believed had extensive business, finance and venture capital experience, to determine the fair value of its ordinary shares for purposes of granting options and for calculating share-based compensation expense for the periods presented. The Company obtained contemporaneous third-party valuations to assist the board of directors in determining fair value. These contemporaneous third-party valuations used the methodologies, approaches and assumptions consistent with the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants Practice Guide, Valuation of Privately-Held-Company Equity Securities Issued as Compensation. All options granted were intended to be exercisable at a price per share not less than the fair value of the shares underlying those options on their respective dates of grant. Income Taxes The Company is subject to income taxes in the United States and certain foreign jurisdictions. Significant judgment is required in determining the Company’s provision for income taxes and income tax assets and liabilities, including evaluating uncertainties in the application of accounting principles and complex tax laws. The Company uses the asset and liability method to account for income taxes. Current income tax expense or benefit represents the amount of income taxes expected to be payable or refundable for the current year. Under this method, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between the financial statement reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and net operating loss and credit carryforward. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates applied to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. A valuation allowance is established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. The Company accounts for uncertain tax positions in accordance with ASC 740‑10, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes . The Company recognizes the tax effects of an uncertain tax position only if such position is more likely than not to be sustained based solely on its technical merits as of the reporting date and only in an amount more likely than not to be sustained upon review by the tax authorities. Interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions are classified in the consolidated financial statements as income tax expense. Net Loss Per Share The Company follows the two-class method when computing net income (loss) per ordinary share when shares are issued that meet the definition of participating securities. The two-class method determines net income (loss) per ordinary share for each class of ordinary shares and participating securities according to dividends declared or accumulated and participation rights in undistributed earnings. The two-class method requires income available to ordinary shareholders for the period to be allocated between ordinary share and participating securities based upon their respective rights to receive dividends as if all income for the period had been distributed. The Company’s convertible preferred shares, which were converted into ordinary shares upon completion of the IPO, were the Company’s only participating security and contractually entitled the holders of such shares to participate in dividends but did not contractually require the holders of such shares to participate in the Company’s losses. The holders of convertible preferred shares were entitled to participate in non cumulative dividends on ordinary share at the rate of 8% of the applicable original issue price per share per annum based on the number of shares of ordinary share held on an as-converted basis. No dividends on convertible preferred share or ordinary share were declared by the Company’s board of directors for the fiscal years ended April 30, 2022, 2021, and 2020. In accordance with ASC 260, Earnings Per Share , undistributed earnings allocated to holders of convertible preferred share are subtracted from net income in determining net income attributable to ordinary shareholders. Basic net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to ordinary shareholders by the weighted-average number of shares of ordinary shares outstanding. For periods in which the Company reported net losses, diluted net loss per ordinary share attributable to ordinary shareholders is the same as basic net loss per ordinary share attributable to ordinary shareholders because potentially dilutive shares of ordinary share are not assumed to have been issued if their effect is anti-dilutive. Segment Information Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise about which discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision-maker (“CODM”) in deciding resource allocation and assessing performance. The Company’s Chief Executive Officer is its CODM. The Company’s CODM reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for the purposes of making operating decisions, allocating resources and evaluating financial performance. Consequently, the Company has determined it operates and manages its business in one operating and one reportable segment. See “Note 14 - Segment and Geographic Information” for the Company’s revenue by country and location of long-lived assets. Accounting Pronouncement Recently Adopted In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) , which requires lessees to record most leases on their balance sheets and to disclose key information about lease arrangements. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-10, Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases . The ASU makes 16 technical corrections to the new lease standard and other accounting topics, alleviating unintended consequences from applying the new standard. It does not make any substantive changes to the core provisions or principles of the new standard. In July 2018, the FASB also issued ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements . The ASU provides (1) an optional transition method that entities can use when adopting the standard and (2) a practical expedient that permits lessors to not separate non-lease components from the associated lease component if certain conditions are met. In March 2019, the FASB also issued ASU 2019-01, Leases (Topic 842): Codification Improvements , which impacts transition disclosures related to the new guidance. The Company adopted the new lease accounting standard on May 1, 2021, using the modified retrospective approach by applying the new standard to leases existing at the date of initial application and not restating comparative periods. See “Note 11 - Leases” for additional information. In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software , which aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. The new guidance is effective for the Company for its fiscal year beginning May 1, 2021 and interim periods within its fiscal year beginning May 1, 2022. The Company adopted this guidance on May 1, 2021 prospectively, and the impact on its consolidated financial statements was not material. Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments , which requires a financial asset measured at amortized cost basis to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected, with further clarifications made more recently. For trade receivables, loans and other financial instruments, the Company will be required to use a forward-looking expected loss model rather than the incurred loss model for recognizing credit losses which reflects losses that are probable. Credit losses relating to available-for-sale debt securities are required to be recorded through an allowance for credit losses rather than as a reduction in the amortized cost basis of the securities. This guidance is effective for the Company for its fiscal year beginning May 1, 2023 and interim periods within its fiscal year beginning May 1, 2024. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of this guidance on its consolidated financial statements. In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes , which simplifies the accounting for income taxes by eliminating some |
