Fair Value Measurements and Marketable Securities Available for Sale | . Fair Value Measurements and Marketable Securities Available-for-Sale The Company provides disclosure of financial assets and financial liabilities that are carried at fair value based on the price that would be received upon sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value measurements may be classified based on the amount of subjectivity associated with the inputs to fair valuation of these assets and liabilities using the following three levels: Level 1 — Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date. Level 2 — Inputs include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability (i.e., interest rates, yield curves, etc.) and inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means (market corroborated inputs). Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that reflect the Company’s estimates of the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. The Company develops these inputs based on the best information available, including its own data. The following table presents information about the Company’s marketable securities as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 and the Warrant liability as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, measured at fair value on a recurring basis, and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques the Company utilized to determine such fair value. The Company’s Warrant liabilities are included within the Level 1 and Level 3 fair value hierarchy. The fair value of the Public and Forward Purchase Warrants is determined using the closing price of the warrants on the NYSE market. The fair value of the Private Placement Warrants is determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing formula. The primary unobservable input utilized in determining the fair value of the Private Warrants is the expected volatility. The expected volatility was estimated considering observable Nuvation public warrant pricing, Nuvation’s own historical volatility and the volatility of guideline public companies. There have not been any transfers between the levels during the periods. March 31, 2022 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 (In thousands) Financial assets: Cash equivalents: Money market funds $ 39,188 $ 39,188 $ — $ — Commercial paper 5,996 — 5,996 — U.S. government securities 5,998 — 5,998 — 51,182 39,188 11,994 — Marketable securities: Certificate of deposits 8,304 — 8,304 — Commercial paper 34,543 — 34,543 — U.S. government and government agency securities 292,678 — 292,678 — Corporate bonds 285,704 — 285,704 — Municipal bonds 10,267 — 10,267 — 631,496 — 631,496 — Total financial assets: $ 682,678 $ 39,188 $ 643,490 $ — Financial liabilities: Warrants $ 4,713 $ 4,542 $ — $ 171 December 31, 2021 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 (In thousands) Financial assets: Cash equivalents: Money market funds $ 53,292 $ 53,292 $ — $ — Commercial paper 30,845 — 30,845 — Corporate bonds 571 — 571 — 84,708 53,292 31,416 — Marketable securities: Certificate of deposits 3,000 — 3,000 — Commercial paper 16,892 — 16,892 — U.S. government and government agency securities 267,267 — 267,267 — Corporate bonds 320,192 — 320,192 — Municipal bonds 10,821 — 10,821 — Exchange traded fund 14,797 14,797 — — 632,969 14,797 618,172 — Total financial assets: $ 717,677 $ 68,089 $ 649,588 $ — Financial liabilities: Warrants $ 11,037 $ 10,631 $ — $ 406 Marketable securities consist; U.S. government and government agency, certificate of deposits, commercial paper, corporate bond and municipal securities ("Debt Securities") and an exchange traded fund that primarily owns fixed income securities. Based on the Company’s intentions regarding its marketable securities, all Debt Securities are classified as available-for-sale and are carried at fair value based on the price that would be received upon sale of the security. The following table provides the amortized cost, aggregate fair value, and unrealized gains (losses) of marketable securities as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021: March 31, 2022 Amortized Unrealized Gains Unrealized Losses Fair Value (In thousands) Cash equivalents: Money market funds $ 39,188 $ — $ — $ 39,188 Commercial paper 5,994 2 — 5,996 U.S. government securities 5,997 1 — 5,998 51,179 3 — 51,182 Marketable securities: Certificate of deposits 8,338 2 ( 36 ) 8,304 Commercial paper 34,674 — ( 131 ) 34,543 U.S. government and government agency securities 295,251 56 ( 2,629 ) 292,678 Corporate bonds 289,115 21 ( 3,432 ) 285,704 Municipal bonds 10,338 — ( 71 ) 10,267 637,716 79 ( 6,299 ) 631,496 $ 688,895 $ 82 $ ( 6,299 ) $ 682,678 December 31, 2021 Amortized Unrealized Gains Unrealized Losses Fair Value (In thousands) Cash equivalents: Money market funds $ 53,292 $ — $ — $ 53,292 Commercial paper 30,845 — — 30,845 Corporate bonds 571 — — 571 84,708 — — 84,708 Marketable securities: Certificate of deposits 3,000 — — 3,000 Commercial paper 16,889 3 — 16,892 U.S. government and government agency securities 267,792 213 ( 738 ) 267,267 Corporate bonds 320,827 147 ( 782 ) 320,192 Municipal bonds 10,849 — ( 28 ) 10,821 Exchange traded fund 14,963 — ( 166 ) 14,797 634,320 363 ( 1,714 ) 632,969 $ 719,028 $ 363 $ ( 1,714 ) $ 717,677 For the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, the activity related to the net gains (losses) on marketable securities included in other income (expense) on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss were as follows (in thousands): Three months ended March 31, 2022 2021 Net realized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities were as follows: Realized gains from sales of available-for-sale securities $ 7 $ 45 Realized losses from sales of available-for-sale securities ( 50 ) — ( 43 ) 45 Net recognized gains (losses) on equity securities were as follows: Net realized losses on equities sold ( 337 ) — Net unrealized gains on equities 166 — ( 171 ) — Total (losses) gains on marketable securities $ ( 214 ) $ 45 The following tables provide marketable securities with continuous unrealized losses for less than 12 months and 12 months or greater and the related fair values as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 were as follows: March 31, 2022 Less than 12 Months 12 Months or Greater Total Total Fair Value Unrealized Losses Fair Value Unrealized Losses Fair Value Unrealized Losses (In thousands) Certificate of deposits $ 6,919 $ ( 36 ) $ — $ — $ 6,919 $ ( 36 ) Commercial paper 30,468 ( 131 ) — — 30,468 ( 131 ) U.S. government and government agency securities 191,918 ( 2,205 ) 12,082 ( 424 ) 204,000 ( 2,629 ) Corporate bonds 270,415 ( 3,316 ) 4,552 ( 116 ) 274,967 ( 3,432 ) Municipal bonds 10,267 ( 71 ) — — 10,267 ( 71 ) $ 509,987 $ ( 5,759 ) $ 16,634 $ ( 540 ) $ 526,621 $ ( 6,299 ) December 31, 2021 Less than 12 Months 12 Months or Greater Total Total Fair Value Unrealized Losses Fair Value Unrealized Losses Fair Value Unrealized Losses (In thousands) Certificate of deposits $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Commercial paper — — — — — — U.S. government and government agency securities 218,106 ( 738 ) — — 218,106 ( 738 ) Corporate bonds 201,481 ( 782 ) — — 201,481 ( 782 ) Municipal bonds 10,821 ( 28 ) — — 10,821 ( 28 ) Exchanged traded funds 14,798 ( 166 ) — — 14,798 ( 166 ) $ 445,206 $ ( 1,714 ) $ — $ — $ 445,206 $ ( 1,714 ) Unrealized losses from the marketable securities are primarily attributable to changes in interest rates. The Company does not believe the unrealized losses represents impairments because the unrealized losses on certain of the Company's marketable securities are due to general market factors. Maturity information based on fair value is as follows as of March 31, 2022: Within one year After one year Total (In thousands) Certificate of deposits $ 8,304 $ — $ 8,304 Commercial paper 34,543 — 34,543 U.S. government and government agency securities 221,518 71,160 292,678 Corporate bonds 200,785 84,919 285,704 Municipal bonds 9,290 977 10,267 $ 474,440 $ 157,056 $ 631,496 |