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NB PRIVATE MARKETS ACCESS FUND LLC
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
July 31, 2024, as revised September 3, 2024
Institutional Class Shares
Class A-1 Shares
Class A-2 Shares
NB Private Markets Access Fund LLC (the “Fund”) is a non-diversified, closed-end management investment company. This Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) relating to the Shares does not constitute a prospectus, but should be read in conjunction with the Prospectus relating thereto dated July 31, 2024. This SAI, which is not a prospectus, does not include all information that a prospective investor should consider before purchasing Shares, and investors should obtain and read the Prospectus prior to purchasing such Shares. A copy of the Prospectus may be obtained without charge by calling (212) 476-8800 or by visiting the Fund’s website at https://www.nb.com/en/us/products/private-markets-funds/nb-private-markets-access-fund. You may also obtain a copy of the Prospectus on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov. Capitalized terms used but not defined in this SAI have the meanings ascribed to them in the Prospectus.
References to the Investment Company Act, or other applicable law, will include any rules promulgated thereunder and any guidance, interpretations or modifications by the SEC, SEC staff or other authority with appropriate jurisdiction, including court interpretations, and exemptive, no-action or other relief or permission from the SEC, SEC staff or other authority.
ADDITIONAL INVESTMENT POLICIES
The investment objective and the principal investment strategies of the Fund, as well as the principal risks associated with such investment strategies, are set forth in the Prospectus. Certain additional information regarding the investment program of the Fund is set forth below.
Fundamental Policies
The Fund has adopted restrictions and policies relating to the investment of the Fund’s assets and its activities. Certain of the restrictions are fundamental policies of the Fund and may not be changed without the approval of a majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities (as defined by the Investment Company Act). For this purpose, under the Investment Company Act, the vote of a “majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund” means the vote, at an annual or special meeting of the Shareholders duly called, (i) of 67% or more of the Shares represented at such meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding Shares are present in person or represented by proxy or (ii) of more than 50% of the outstanding Shares, whichever is less. No other policy is a fundamental policy of the Fund, except as expressly stated.
The Fund’s fundamental investment restrictions are as follows:
| 1. | The Fund will not invest 25% or more of the value of its total assets in the securities (other than U.S. Government securities) of issuers engaged in any single industry. For the avoidance of doubt, this 25% limitation on investment in a single industry does not restrict or limit: (i) the Fund’s authority to invest 25% or more of the value of its total assets in Portfolio Funds; or (ii) the Fund’s ability to invest in U.S. Government securities or such other securities as may be excluded for this purpose under the Investment Company Act. |
| 2. | The Fund will not borrow money, except to the extent permitted by the Investment Company Act. |
| 3. | The Fund will not issue senior securities, except to the extent permitted by the Investment Company Act. |
| 4. | The Fund will not underwrite securities of other issuers, except insofar as the Fund may be deemed an underwriter under the Securities Act in connection with the disposition of its portfolio securities. |
| 5. | The Fund will not make loans of money or securities to other persons, except through purchasing fixed-income securities, lending portfolio securities or entering into repurchase agreements in a manner consistent with the Fund’s investment policies. |
| 6. | The Fund will not purchase or sell physical commodities or commodity contracts, except to the extent permitted under the Investment Company Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any applicable exemptive relief or unless otherwise acquired as a result of the ownership of securities or instruments, but this restriction shall not prohibit the Fund from purchasing and selling foreign currency, options, swaps, futures and forward contracts and other financial instruments and contracts, including those related to indexes, and options on indices, and may invest in commodity pools and other entities that purchase and sell commodities and commodity contracts. For purposes of the limitation on commodities, the Fund does not consider foreign currencies or forward contracts to be physical commodities. |
| 7. | The Fund will not purchase, hold or deal in real estate, except the Fund may purchase and hold securities or other instruments that are secured by, or linked to, real estate or interests therein, securities of real estate investment trusts, mortgage-related securities and securities of issuers engaged in the real estate business, and the Fund may purchase and hold real estate as a result of the ownership of securities or other instruments (including interests in Portfolio Funds). |
With respect to the fundamental policy relating to concentration set forth in (1) above, the Investment Company Act does not define what constitutes “concentration” in an industry. The SEC staff has taken the position that investment of 25% or more of a fund’s total assets in one or more issuers conducting their principal activities in the same industry or group of industries constitutes concentration. It is possible that interpretations of concentration could change in the future. The policy in (1) above will be interpreted to refer to concentration
as that term may be interpreted from time to time. The policy also will be interpreted to permit investment without limit in the following: securities of the U.S. Government and its agencies or instrumentalities; tax exempt securities of state, territory, possession or municipal governments and their authorities, agencies, instrumentalities or political subdivisions; and repurchase agreements collateralized by any such obligations. Accordingly, issuers of the foregoing securities will not be considered to be members of any industry. There also will be no limit on investment in issuers domiciled in a single jurisdiction or country. Finance companies will be considered to be in the industries of their parents if their activities are primarily related to financing the activities of the parents. Each foreign government will be considered to be a member of a separate industry. With respect to the Fund’s industry classifications, the Fund currently utilizes any one or more of the industry sub-classifications used by one or more widely recognized market indexes or rating group indexes, and/or as defined by the Adviser. The policy also will be interpreted to give broad authority to the Fund as to how to classify issuers within or among industries.
Unless otherwise indicated, all limitations under the Fund’s investment restrictions apply only at the time that a transaction is undertaken. Any change in the percentage of the Fund’s assets invested in certain securities or other instruments resulting from market fluctuations or other changes in the Fund’s total assets, including changes resulting from the Fund having a smaller base of assets after a repurchase offer, will not require the Fund to dispose of an investment until the Adviser determines that such disposition is in the Fund’s best interest.
The Fund’s investment objective is non-fundamental and may be changed with the approval of the Fund’s Board upon 60 days’ prior written notice to Shareholders.
INVESTMENT PRACTICES AND TECHNIQUES
The following information supplements the discussion of the Fund’s investment objective, policies and techniques that are described in the Prospectus. The Fund may invest in the following instruments and use the following investment techniques, subject to any limitations set forth in the Prospectus. There is no guarantee the Fund will buy all of the types of securities or use all of the investment techniques that are described herein.
Asset-Backed Securities. Asset-backed securities represent direct or indirect participations in, or are secured by and payable from, pools of assets such as, among other things, motor vehicle installment sales contracts, installment loan contracts, leases of various types of real and personal property and receivables from revolving credit (credit card) agreements, or a combination of the foregoing. These assets are securitized through the use of trusts and special purpose corporations. Credit enhancements, such as various forms of cash collateral accounts or letters of credit, may support payments of principal and interest on asset-backed securities. Although these securities may be supported by letters of credit or other credit enhancements, payment of interest and principal ultimately depends upon individuals paying the underlying loans, which may be affected adversely by general downturns in the economy. Asset-backed securities are subject to the same risk of prepayment described with respect to mortgage-backed securities and to extension risk (the risk that an issuer of a security will make principal payments slower than anticipated by the investor, thus extending the securities’ duration). The risk that recovery on repossessed collateral might be unavailable or inadequate to support payments, however, is greater for asset-backed securities than for mortgage-backed securities.
BDCs and Securities of Other Investment Companies. The Fund may invest, subject to applicable regulatory limits, in the securities of other investment companies, including open-end management companies, closed-end management companies (including business development companies (“BDCs”)) and unit investment trusts. When investing in the securities of other investment companies, the Fund will be indirectly exposed to all the risks of such investment companies’ portfolio securities. In addition, as a shareholder in an investment company, the Fund would indirectly bear its pro rata share of that investment company’s advisory fees and other operating expenses. Fees and expenses incurred indirectly by the Fund as a result of its investment in shares of one or more other investment companies generally are referred to as “acquired fund fees and expenses” and may appear as a separate line item in the Fund’s prospectus fee table. For certain investment companies, such as BDCs, these expenses may be significant. The Investment Company Act imposes certain restraints upon the operations of a BDC. For example, BDCs are required to invest at least 70% of their total assets primarily in securities of private companies or thinly traded
U.S. public companies, cash, cash equivalents, U.S. government securities and high quality debt investments that mature in one year or less. As a result, BDCs generally invest in less mature private companies, which involve greater risk than well-established, publicly-traded companies. In addition, the shares of closed-end management companies may involve the payment of substantial premiums above, while the sale of such securities may be made at substantial discounts from, the value of such issuer’s portfolio securities. Historically, shares of closed-end funds, including BDCs, have frequently traded at a discount to their net asset value, which discounts have, on occasion, been substantial and lasted for sustained periods of time.
Certain money market funds that operate in accordance with Rule 2a-7 under the Investment Company Act float their NAV while others seek to reserve the value of investments at a stable NAV (typically $1.00 per share). An investment in a money market fund, even an investment in a fund seeking to maintain a stable NAV per share, is not guaranteed, and it is possible for the Fund to lose money by investing in these and other types of money market funds. If the liquidity of a money market fund’s portfolio deteriorates below certain levels, the money market fund may suspend redemptions (i.e., impose a redemption gate) and thereby prevent the Fund from selling its investment in the money market fund or impose a fee of up to 2% on amounts the Fund redeems from the money market fund (i.e., impose a liquidity fee).
CAT Bonds. Natural catastrophe bonds (“CAT Bonds”) are investments that transfer risk from an issuer (such as an insurance company or a reinsurance company) to capital markets investors. They are often structured as floating rate bonds whose principal is lost if specified trigger conditions are met. If triggered the principal is paid to the sponsor. CAT Bonds are generally exposed to what are believed to be relatively low probability, large-scale natural catastrophe events in the United States, Japan, Europe and elsewhere. CAT Bonds may be structured as derivatives that are triggered by amounts actually lost by the protected counterparty, modeled losses (determined pursuant to predetermined algorithms or models), losses incurred by a specified industry, one or more event parameters or combinations of the foregoing. Certain CAT Bonds may cover the risk that multiple loss events will occur.
The investment team, in coordination with an analytics team, model the deal specifics for potential CAT Bonds investments using third party simulation models. The modeled view of risk is further refined based on the investment team’s knowledge of the construction, biases, and best practice implementation of these models as well as to account for short-term climate or seismic variability. Risk assessment is fundamental to the investment process. Under this risk-centric framework, the investment team takes into account a number of factors, including peril, region, trigger, and structure.
Trigger events may include either natural or non-natural perils of a kind that results in significant physical or economic loss. Natural perils include disasters such as hurricanes, earthquakes, windstorms, fires, floods and other weather-related occurrences, as well as mortality or longevity events. Non-natural perils include disasters resulting from human-related activity such as commercial and industrial accidents or business interruptions. Trigger events are typically defined by three criteria: an event; a geographic area in which the event must occur; and a threshold of economic or physical loss (either actual or modeled) caused by the event, together with a method to measure such loss. In order for a trigger event to be deemed to have occurred, each of the three criteria must be satisfied while the bond is outstanding. The Fund has no limit as to the types of events, geographic areas or thresholds of loss referenced by event-linked bonds in which it can invest.
Some CAT Bonds reference only a single trigger event. Other CAT Bond may reference multiple trigger events, the occurrence of any one (or other number) of which would satisfy these criteria. Alternatively, CAT Bond may not specify a particular peril. In these cases, only the geographic area and threshold of physical or economic loss determines whether a trigger event has occurred. Geographic areas identified by CAT Bonds range broadly in scope. A limited number of CAT Bonds do not identify a geographic area, meaning that the event can occur anywhere. The majority of CAT Bonds relate to events occurring within the United States (or a single state or group of states within the United States), Europe (or a single European country) or Japan.
Convertible Securities. Convertible securities are bonds, debentures, notes, preferred stocks and other securities that pay interest or dividends and are convertible into or exchangeable for common stocks. Convertible securities generally have some features of common stocks and some features of debt securities. In general, a convertible security performs more like a stock when the underlying stock’s price is high relative to the conversion price (because it is assumed that it will be converted into the stock) and performs more like a debt security when the underlying stock’s price is low relative to the conversion price (because it is assumed that it will mature without being converted). Convertible securities typically pay an income yield that is higher than the dividend yield of the issuer’s common stock, but lower than the yield of the issuer’s debt securities.
Derivatives. A derivative is generally a financial contract the value of which depends on, or is derived from, changes in the value of one or more “reference instruments,” such as underlying assets (including securities), reference rates, indices or events. Derivatives may relate to stocks, bonds, credit, interest rates, commodities, currencies or currency exchange rates, or related indices. A derivative may also contain leverage to magnify the exposure to the reference instrument. Derivatives may be traded on organized exchanges and/or through clearing organizations, or in private transactions with other parties in the over-the-counter (“OTC”) market with a single dealer or a prime broker acting as an intermediary with respect to an executing dealer. Derivatives may be used for hedging purposes and non-hedging (or speculative) purposes. Some derivatives require one or more parties to post “margin,” which means that a party must deposit assets with, or for the benefit of, a third party, such as
a futures commission merchant, in order to initiate and maintain the derivatives position. Margin is typically adjusted daily, and adverse market movements may require a party to post additional margin.
| • | Call Options. A call option gives the purchaser the right to buy an underlying asset or other reference instrument at a specified price, regardless of the instrument’s market price at the time. Writing (selling) a call option obligates the writer (seller) to sell the underlying asset or other reference instrument to the purchaser at a specified price if the purchaser decides to exercise the option. A call option is “covered” if the writer (seller) simultaneously holds an equivalent position in the security underlying the option. The writer (seller) receives a premium when it writes a call option. Purchasing a call option gives the purchaser the right to buy the underlying asset or other reference instrument from the writer (seller) at a specified price if the purchaser decides to exercise the option. The purchaser pays a premium when it purchases a call option. |
| • | Forward Foreign Currency Contracts (“Forward Contracts”). A forward contract is a contract for the purchase or sale of a specific foreign currency at a future date at a fixed price. Forward contracts are not required to be traded on organized exchanges or cleared through regulated clearing organizations. |
| • | Futures. A futures contract is a standardized agreement to buy or sell a set quantity of an underlying asset at a future date, or to make or receive a cash payment based on the value of a securities index or other reference instrument at a future date. |
| • | Put Options. A put option gives the purchaser the right to sell an underlying asset or other reference instrument at a specified price, regardless of the instrument’s market price at the time. Writing (selling) a put option obligates the writer (seller) to buy the underlying asset or other reference instrument from the purchaser at a specified price if the purchaser decides to exercise the option. The writer (seller) receives a premium when it writes a put option. Purchasing a put option gives the purchaser the right to sell the underlying asset or other reference instrument to the writer (seller) at a specified price if the purchaser decides to exercise the option. The purchaser pays a premium when it purchases a put option. |
| • | Swaps. In a standard swap transaction, two parties agree to exchange one or more payments based, for example, on the returns (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on particular predetermined reference instruments. Swap transactions generally may be used to obtain exposure to a reference instrument without owning or taking physical custody of the reference instrument and generally do not involve delivery of the notional amount of the agreement. Swaps have historically been OTC instruments; however, recent legislation requires many swaps to be executed through an organized exchange or regulated facility and cleared through a regulated clearing organization. |
There are various types of swaps including, but not limited to, the following: interest rate swaps (exchanging a floating interest rate for a fixed interest rate); total return swaps (exchanging a floating interest rate for the total return of a reference instrument); credit default swaps (buying or selling protection against certain designated credit events); and options on swaps (options to enter into a swap agreement).
Distressed Securities. The Fund may invest in distressed securities, including loans, bonds and notes may involve a substantial degree of risk. Distressed securities include securities of companies that are in financial distress and that may be in or about to enter bankruptcy.
In certain periods, there may be little or no liquidity in the markets for distressed securities or other instruments. In addition, the prices of such securities may be subject to periods of abrupt and erratic market movements and above-average price volatility. It may be difficult to obtain financial information regarding the financial condition of a borrower or issuer, and its financial condition may be changing rapidly. It may be more difficult to value such securities and the spread between the bid and asked prices of such securities may be greater than normally expected.
Equity Securities. Equity securities in which the Fund may invest include common stocks, preferred stocks, convertible securities and warrants. Common stocks and preferred stocks represent shares of ownership in a corporation. Preferred stocks usually have specific dividends and rank after bonds and before common stock in claims on assets of the corporation should it be dissolved. Increases and decreases in earnings are usually reflected in a corporation’s stock price. Convertible securities are debt or preferred equity securities convertible
into common stock. Usually, convertible securities pay dividends or interest at rates higher than common stock, but lower than other securities. Convertible securities usually participate to some extent in the appreciation or depreciation of the underlying stock into which they are convertible. Warrants are options to buy a stated number of shares of common stock at a specified price anytime during the life of the warrants.
ETFs and Other Exchange-Traded Investment Vehicles. The Fund may invest, subject to applicable regulatory limits, in the securities of ETFs and other pooled investment vehicles that are traded on an exchange and that hold a portfolio of securities or other financial instruments (collectively, “exchange-traded investment vehicles”). When investing in the securities of exchange-traded investment vehicles, the Fund will be indirectly exposed to all the risks of the portfolio securities or other financial instruments they hold. The performance of an exchange-traded investment vehicle will be reduced by transaction and other expenses, including fees paid by the exchange-traded investment vehicle to service providers. ETFs are investment companies that are registered as open-end management companies or unit investment trusts. The limits that apply to the Fund’s investment in securities of other investment companies generally apply also to the Fund’s investment in securities of ETFs.
Shares of exchange-traded investment vehicles are listed and traded in the secondary market. Many exchange-traded investment vehicles are passively managed and seek to provide returns that track the price and yield performance of a particular index or otherwise provide exposure to an asset class (e.g., currencies or commodities). Although such exchange-traded investment vehicles may invest in other instruments, they largely hold the securities (e.g., common stocks) of the relevant index or financial instruments that provide exposure to the relevant asset class. The share price of an exchange-traded investment vehicle may not track its specified market index, if any, and may trade below its NAV. An active secondary market in the shares of an exchange-traded investment vehicle may not develop or be maintained and may be halted or interrupted due to actions by its listing exchange, unusual market conditions, or other reasons. There can be no assurance that the shares of an exchange-traded investment vehicle will continue to be listed on an active exchange.
Fixed Income Securities. Debt securities may consist of fixed and floating rate obligations of various credit quality and duration and may be issued by: corporate entities; trusts; domestic issuers, including securities issued or guaranteed as to principal or interest by the U.S. government or any of its agencies or instrumentalities; foreign issuers, including in emerging markets, and including foreign governments and supranational entities; and municipal issuers, including within the U.S. and its territories. Such obligations may include: bonds, loans, inflation-linked debt securities, when-issued and forward-settling securities, commercial paper, mortgage-backed securities and other asset-backed securities, and hybrid securities (including convertible securities).
Floating Rate Loans. Floating rate loans are often at the time of investment below investment grade securities (commonly known as “junk” or “junk bonds”). The Fund considers debt securities to be below investment grade if, at the time of investment, they are rated below the four highest categories by at least one independent credit rating agency or, if unrated, are determined by the Adviser to be of comparable quality. Floating interest rates vary with and adjust to reflect changes in a generally recognized base interest rate or the prime rate. The Fund generally seeks to focus on loans of companies that the Adviser believes have the ability to generate cash flow through a full business cycle, maintain adequate liquidity and have access to both debt and equity capital, but may invest in loans of distressed companies.
Loans. Loans are a type of debt security that may be made in connection with, among other things, recapitalizations, acquisitions, leveraged buyouts, dividend issuances and refinancings. The loans in which the Fund typically invests are structured and administered by a third party that acts as agent for a group of lenders that make or hold interests in the loan. The Fund may acquire interests in such loans by taking an assignment of all or a portion of a direct interest in a loan previously held by another institution or by acquiring a participation in an interest in a loan that continues to be held by another institution.
Lower-Rated Debt Securities. Lower-rated debt securities (commonly known as “junk” or “junk bonds”) typically offer investors higher yields than other fixed income securities. The higher yields are usually justified by the weaker credit profiles of these issuers as compared to investment grade issuers. Lower-rated debt securities may include debt obligations of all types issued by U.S. and non-U.S. corporate and governmental entities, including bonds, debentures and notes, loan interests and preferred stocks that have priority over any other class of stock of the entity as to the distribution of assets or the payment of dividends.
Mortgage-Backed Securities. Mortgage-backed securities, including residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities, represent direct or indirect participations in, or are secured by and payable from, pools of mortgage loans. Those securities may be guaranteed by a U.S. Government agency or instrumentality (such as by Ginnie Mae); issued and guaranteed by a government-sponsored stockholder-owned corporation, though not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States (such as by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac, and described in greater detail below); or issued by fully private issuers. Private issuers are generally originators of and investors in mortgage loans and include savings associations, mortgage bankers, commercial banks, investment bankers and special purpose entities. Private mortgage-backed securities may be backed by U.S. Government agency supported mortgage loans or some form of non-governmental credit enhancement.
Government-related guarantors (i.e., not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government) include Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Fannie Mae is a government-sponsored corporation owned by stockholders. It is subject to general regulation by the Federal Housing Finance Authority. Fannie Mae purchases residential mortgages from a list of approved seller/servicers that include state and federally chartered savings and loan associations, mutual savings banks, commercial banks, credit unions and mortgage bankers. Fannie Mae guarantees the timely payment of principal and interest on pass-through securities that it issues, but those securities are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government. Freddie Mac is a government-sponsored corporation formerly owned by the twelve Federal Home Loan Banks and now owned by stockholders. Freddie Mac issues participation certificates (“PCs”), which represent interests in mortgages from Freddie Mac’s national portfolio. Freddie Mac guarantees the timely payment of interest and ultimate collection of principal on the PCs it issues, but those PCs are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government.
Mortgage-backed securities may have either fixed or adjustable interest rates. Tax or regulatory changes may adversely affect the mortgage securities market. In addition, changes in the market’s perception of an issuer may affect the value of mortgage-backed securities. The rate of return on mortgage-backed securities may be affected by prepayments of principal on the underlying loans, which generally increase as market interest rates decline; as a result, when interest rates decline, holders of these securities normally do not benefit from appreciation in market value to the same extent as holders of other non-callable debt securities.
Because many mortgages are repaid early, the actual maturity and duration of mortgage-backed securities are typically shorter than their stated final maturity and their duration calculated solely on the basis of the stated life and payment schedule. In calculating the dollar-weighted average maturity and duration of the mortgage-backed securities it holds, the Fund may apply certain industry conventions regarding the maturity and duration of such instruments. Different analysts use different models and assumptions in making these determinations. Increasing market interest rates generally extend the effective maturities of mortgage-backed securities, increasing their sensitivity to interest rate changes.
Mortgage-backed securities may be issued in the form of collateralized mortgage obligations (“CMOs”) or collateralized mortgage-backed bonds (“CBOs”). CMOs are obligations that are fully collateralized, directly or indirectly, by a pool of mortgages; payments of principal and interest on the mortgages are passed through to the holders of the CMOs, although not necessarily on a pro rata basis, on the same schedule as they are received. CBOs are general obligations of the issuer that are fully collateralized, directly or indirectly, by a pool of mortgages. The mortgages serve as collateral for the issuer’s payment obligations on the bonds, but interest and principal payments on the mortgages are not passed through either directly (as with mortgage-backed “pass-through” securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or instrumentalities) or on a modified basis (as with CMOs). Accordingly, a change in the rate of prepayments on the pool of mortgages could change the effective maturity or the duration of a CMO but not that of a CBO (although, like many bonds, CBOs may be callable by the issuer prior to maturity). To the extent that rising interest rates cause prepayments to occur at a slower than expected rate, a CMO could be converted into a longer-term security that is subject to greater risk of price volatility.
Government, government-related and private entities (such as commercial banks, savings institutions, private mortgage insurance companies, mortgage bankers and other secondary market issuers, including securities broker-dealers and special purpose entities that generally are affiliates of the foregoing established to issue such securities) may create mortgage loan pools to back CMOs and CBOs. Such issuers may be the originators and/or servicers of the underlying mortgage loans, as well as the guarantors of the mortgage-backed securities. Pools created by non-governmental issuers generally offer a higher rate of interest than governmental and government-related pools because of the absence of direct or indirect government or agency guarantees. Various forms of insurance or guarantees, including individual loan, title, pool and hazard insurance and letters of credit, may support timely payment of interest and principal of non-governmental pools. Governmental entities, private insurers and mortgage poolers issue these forms of insurance and guarantees. The Adviser considers such insurance and guarantees, as well as the creditworthiness of the issuers thereof, in determining whether a mortgage-backed security meets the Fund’s investment quality standards. There can be no assurance that private insurers or guarantors can meet their obligations under insurance policies or guarantee arrangements.
Private Investments in Public Equity (PIPEs). The Fund may invest in securities issued in private investments in public equity transactions, commonly referred to as “PIPEs.” A PIPE investment involves the sale of equity securities, or securities convertible into equity securities, in a private placement transaction by an issuer that already has outstanding, publicly traded equity securities of the same class.
Repurchase Agreements. In a repurchase agreement, the Fund purchases securities from a bank that is a member of the Federal Reserve System or also from a foreign bank or from a U.S. branch or agency of a foreign bank or from a securities dealer that agrees to repurchase the securities from the Fund at a higher price on a designated future date. Repurchase agreements generally are for a short period of time, usually less than a week. Costs, delays, or losses could result if the selling party to a repurchase agreement becomes bankrupt or otherwise defaults. The Adviser monitors the creditworthiness of sellers. If the Fund enters into a repurchase agreement subject to foreign law and the counter-party defaults, the Fund may not enjoy protections comparable to those provided to certain repurchase agreements under U.S. bankruptcy law and may suffer delays and losses in disposing of the collateral as a result.
Responsible Avoidance Policy. The Adviser had adopted the following policies with respect to new Private Market Assets investment opportunities made by the Fund (the “Responsible Avoidance Policy”):
| • | Human Rights, Labor, Environment and Anti-Corruption. The Adviser will not knowingly directly invest in a company in violation of the United Nations Global Compact (UNGC) Principles in regards to human rights, labor, the environment and anti-corruption - whether through child labor, human trafficking, forced labor or otherwise. |
| • | Sanction-related. The Adviser is committed to complying with all applicable economic sanctions to safeguard the future value of any investments, including those issued by the United States through the Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC), European Union, United Nations Security Council and Her Majesty’s Treasury (U.K.). |
| • | Controversial Weapons. The Adviser will not knowingly directly invest in companies that are involved in the manufacture of controversial weapons as such involvement presents material risks to the future value of the investment. The Adviser defines involvement in the manufacture of controversial weapons as either being responsible for end manufacture and assembly of controversial weapons, or being responsible for the manufacture of intended use components for controversial weapons. The Adviser does not include dual-use component manufacturers or delivery platform manufacturers. The Adviser defines controversial weapons as: |
| • | Biological and Chemical Weapons. Weapons outlawed by the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention of 1972 and the Chemical Weapons Convention of 1993. |
| • | Anti-Personnel Mines. Weapons that signatories agreed to prohibit the use, stockpiling, production or transfer of under the 1997 Anti-personnel Landmines Convention. |
| • | Cluster Munitions. Weapons that signatories agreed to restrict the manufacture, use and stockpiling of, as well as components of these weapons, under the 2008 Convention on Cluster Munitions. |
| • | Depleted Uranium Weapons. Depleted uranium (DU) weapons, ammunition and armor. |
| • | Thermal Coal. The Adviser will generally, unless the Neuberger Berman Environmental, Social, and Governance Committee and the Adviser determine otherwise, not knowingly directly invest in companies that derive more than 25% of revenue from thermal coal mining or are expanding new thermal coal power generation. |
With respect to Primary Investments subject to the Responsible Avoidance Policy, the Adviser will generally not invest in a Portfolio Fund whose strategy is misaligned with the Responsible Avoidance Policy and its operative provisions and will also generally seek contractual confirmation (through side letter provisions or other fund governing documents) of a right to be excused from participating in investments made by Portfolio Funds in which the Adviser invests and which would be prohibited by the Responsible Avoidance Policy, provided however that nothing in the Responsible Avoidance Policy shall prevent the Adviser from making an investment even if the Adviser does not obtain such excuse rights from a Portfolio Fund Manager.
With respect to Direct Investments subject to the Responsible Avoidance Policy, the Adviser will generally assess during its due diligence analysis whether the proposed investee company complies with the Responsible Avoidance Policy and expects to decline to invest in such opportunities that would not be in conformity with the Responsible Avoidance Policy. The Adviser further intends to use commercially reasonable efforts to monitor conformity with the Responsible Avoidance Policy through regular updates and communication with the investee companies and lead general partners for ongoing compliance.
With respect to Secondary Investments subject to the Responsible Avoidance Policy, the Adviser will generally seek to avoid making an investment that would, to its knowledge, result in material exposure to an underlying portfolio company that would be subject to the Responsible Avoidance Policy (and for these purposes, material shall mean, as applicable, (i) when the dedicated secondaries funds managed by the Adviser participate in such transaction, the capital invested into such company by the dedicated secondaries funds, through the Portfolio Fund, represents greater than 1% of the capital commitments of each such dedicated secondaries fund or (ii) where the dedicated secondaries funds managed by the Adviser do not participate in the transaction, the capital invested into such company, through its investment in the Portfolio Fund, represents greater than 1% of the capital commitments of the Fund). Secondary Investments often involve the purchase of one or more limited partnership interests in a Portfolio Fund that already has a diversified portfolio, and the Adviser’s ability to influence the Portfolio Fund Manager is generally limited.
Restricted Securities and Rule 144A Securities. The Fund may invest in “restricted securities,” which generally are securities that may be resold to the public only pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act or an exemption from registration. Regulation S under the Securities Act is an exemption from registration that permits, under certain circumstances, the resale of restricted securities in offshore transactions, subject to certain conditions, and Rule 144A under the Securities Act is an exemption that permits the resale of certain restricted securities to qualified institutional buyers.
Since its adoption by the SEC in 1990, Rule 144A has facilitated trading of restricted securities among qualified institutional investors. To the extent restricted securities held by the Fund qualify under Rule 144A and an institutional market develops for those securities, the Fund expects that it will be able to dispose of the securities without registering the resale of such securities under the Securities Act. However, to the extent that a robust market for such 144A securities does not develop, or a market develops but experiences periods of illiquidity, investments in Rule 144A securities could increase the level of the Fund’s illiquidity.
Where an exemption from registration under the Securities Act is unavailable, or where an institutional market is limited, the Fund may, in certain circumstances, be permitted to require the issuer of restricted securities held by the Fund to file a registration statement to register the resale of such securities under the Securities Act. In such case, the Fund will typically be obligated to pay all or part of the registration expenses, and a considerable period may elapse between the decision to sell and the time the Fund may be permitted to resell a security under an effective registration statement. If, during such a period, adverse market conditions were to develop, or the value of the security were to decline, the Fund might obtain a less favorable price than prevailed when it decided to sell. Restricted securities for which no market exists are priced by a method that the Portfolio Fund Managers believe accurately reflects fair value.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements. In a reverse repurchase agreement, the Fund sells portfolio securities to another party and agrees to repurchase the securities at an agreed-upon price and date, which reflects an interest payment. Reverse repurchase agreements involve the risk that the other party will fail to return the securities in a timely manner, or at all, which may result in losses to the Fund. The Fund could lose money if it is unable to recover the securities and the value of the collateral held by the Fund is less than the value of the securities. These events could also trigger adverse tax consequences to the Fund. Reverse repurchase agreements also involve the risk that the market value of the securities sold will decline below the price at which the Fund is obligated to repurchase them. When the Fund enters into a reverse repurchase agreement, any fluctuations in the market value of either the securities transferred to another party or the securities in which the proceeds may be invested would affect the market value of the Fund’s assets. During the term of the agreement, the Fund may also be obligated to pledge additional cash and/or securities in the event of a decline in the fair value of the transferred security. The Adviser monitors the creditworthiness of counterparties to reverse repurchase agreements. With respect to reverse repurchase agreements or other similar financing transactions in particular, Rule 18f-4 under the Investment
Company Act permits the Fund to enter into such transactions if the Fund either (i) complies with the asset coverage requirements of Section 18 of the Investment Company Act (that is, the value of the Fund’s total assets less all liabilities and indebtedness not represented by senior securities (for these purposes, “total net assets”) is at least 300% of the senior securities representing indebtedness) or (ii) treats all such transactions as derivatives transactions for all purposes under Rule 18f-4.
Special Purpose Acquisition Companies (SPACs). The Fund may invest in stock, warrants or other securities of special purpose acquisition companies (“SPACs”) or similar special purpose entities that pool funds to seek potential acquisition opportunities. Unless and until an acquisition is completed, a SPAC or similar entity generally maintains assets (less a portion retained to cover expenses) in a trust account comprised of U.S. Government securities, money market securities, and cash. If an acquisition is not completed within a pre-established period of time, the invested funds are returned to the entity’s shareholders.
Zero-Coupon Bonds, Step-Ups and Payment-In-Kind Securities
Zero-coupon bonds pay interest only at maturity rather than at intervals during the life of the security. Like zero-coupon bonds, “step up” bonds pay no interest initially but eventually begin to pay a coupon rate prior to maturity, which rate may increase at stated intervals during the life of the security. Payment-in-kind securities (“PIKs”) are debt obligations that pay “interest” in the form of other debt obligations, instead of in cash. Each of these instruments is normally issued and traded at a deep discount from face value. Zero-coupon bonds, step-ups and PIKs allow an issuer to avoid or delay the need to generate cash to meet current interest payments and, as a result, may involve greater credit risk than bonds that pay interest currently or in cash. The Fund would be required to distribute the income on these instruments as it accrues, even though the Fund will not receive the income on a current basis or in cash. The market prices of PIK securities generally are more volatile than the market prices of interest-bearing securities and are likely to respond to a greater degree to changes in interest rates than interest-bearing securities having similar maturities and credit quality.
ADDITIONAL RISK FACTORS
BDC Risk
A BDC is a type of closed-end investment company that typically invests in small and medium-sized companies. A BDC’s portfolio is subject to the risks inherent in investing in smaller companies, including that portfolio companies may be dependent on a small number of products or services and may be more adversely affected by poor economic or market conditions. Some BDCs invest substantially, or even exclusively, in one sector or industry group and therefore the BDC may be susceptible to adverse conditions and economic or regulatory occurrences affecting the sector or industry group, which tends to increase volatility and result in higher risk. The Small Business Credit Availability Act, which was signed into law in March 2018, permits BDCs to adopt a lower asset coverage ratio, thereby enhancing their ability to use leverage. Investments in BDCs that use greater leverage may be subject to heightened risks.
The Fund will indirectly bear its proportionate share of any management fees and other expenses paid by BDCs in which it invests, in addition to the fees and expenses regularly borne by the Fund. Fees and expenses of BDCs are generally higher than those of other RICs.
CAT Bonds Risk
A CAT Bond is a form of insurance-linked security that is sold in the capital markets. CAT Bonds are a way for insurers, reinsurers, corporations and government entities that have risks associated with natural catastrophe events and disasters to transfer those risks to the capital market in securities format. To issue a CAT Bond, the sponsor, typically a reinsurance company, creates a special purpose vehicle that issues individual notes to capital markets investors. The special purpose vehicle provides protection to the sponsor against the risk of specified natural or non-natural catastrophes or events. More specifically, the obligation of the special purpose vehicle to repay principal is contingent on the occurrence or non-occurrence of whatever catastrophic event or events are specified. In the event that the specific natural catastrophe mentioned in the CAT Bond occurs, the bond is “triggered” and all or a portion of the original principal can be used to pay the approved claims from the trigger event. An investment in CAT Bonds is subject to special risks, including the following:
| • | Limited Resources of Issuers. The issuers of CAT Bonds often are thinly capitalized, special-purpose entities that do not have ready access to additional capital. In the event of unanticipated expenses or liabilities, such entities may not have the resources available to pay such expenses or liabilities or the required interest and/or principal on their issued securities. |
| • | Investments of Issuers. The ability of issuers of CAT Bonds to provide the expected investment returns on their issued securities is based in part on such entities’ investments, which may be subject to credit default risk, interest rate risk and other risks. |
| • | Regulation. Entities that issue CAT Bonds may be subject to substantial regulation of their insurance and other activities. Such regulation can lead to unanticipated expenses that may result in such an entity being unable to satisfy its obligations, including those related to its issued securities. Conversely, because such entities often are domiciled in non-U.S. jurisdictions, such entities may not be subject to the same degree of regulatory oversight to which investors may be accustomed to seeing issuers and insurance companies subject in the U.S. Similarly, because such entities often are subject only to the laws of non-U.S. jurisdictions, it could be difficult for an investor in such an entity to make a claim or enforce a judgment against the entity or its directors or officers. |
| • | Subordination; No Recourse. CAT Bonds often are subordinated to other obligations of the issuer, such as those obligations to a ceding insurer. Consequently, if such an entity incurs unexpected expenses or liabilities in connection with its activities, the entity may be unable to pay the required interest and/or principal on its issued securities. In particular, CAT Bonds are issued without recourse. As a result, if an issuer of a CAT Bond defaulted on its obligations under the CAT Bond, an investor would have no recourse to recover any amount of the principal invested to purchase the CAT Bond. |
| • | Lower or No Ratings. CAT Bonds may receive low ratings or be unrated by rating agencies. Consequently, such securities may be relatively illiquid and subject to adverse publicity and investor perceptions, any of which may act to depress prices. |
Convertible Securities Risk
The value of a convertible security, which is a form of hybrid security (i.e., a security with both debt and equity characteristics), typically increases or decreases with the price of the underlying common stock. In general, a convertible security is subject to the market risks of stocks, and its price may be as volatile as that of the underlying stock, when the underlying stock’s price is high relative to the conversion price, and a convertible security is subject to the market risks of debt securities, and is particularly sensitive to changes in interest rates, when the underlying stock’s price is low relative to the conversion price. The general market risks of debt securities that are common to convertible securities include, but are not limited to, interest rate risk and credit risk. Convertible securities generally have less potential for gain or loss than common stocks. Securities that are convertible other than at the option of the holder generally do not limit the potential for loss to the same extent as securities that are convertible only at the option of the holder.
Many convertible securities have credit ratings that are below investment grade and are subject to the same risks as an investment in lower-rated debt securities (commonly known as “junk bonds”). Lower-rated debt securities involve greater risks than investment grade debt securities. Lower-rated debt securities may fluctuate more widely in price and yield and may fall in price during times when the economy is weak or is expected to become weak. The credit rating of a company’s convertible securities is generally lower than that of its non-convertible debt securities. Convertible securities are normally considered “junior” securities—that is, the company usually must pay interest on its non-convertible debt securities before it can make payments on its convertible securities. If the issuer stops paying interest or principal, convertible securities may become worthless and the Fund could lose its entire investment.
Derivatives Risk
Use of derivatives is a highly specialized activity that can involve investment techniques and risks different from, and in some respects greater than, those associated with investing in more traditional investments, such as stocks and bonds. Derivatives can be highly complex and highly volatile and may perform in unanticipated ways. Derivatives can create leverage, which can magnify the impact of a decline in the value of the reference instrument underlying the derivative, and the Fund could lose more than the amount it invests. Derivatives can have the potential for unlimited losses, for example, where the Fund may be called upon to deliver a security it does not own. Derivatives may at times be highly illiquid, and the Fund may not be able to close out or sell a derivative at a particular time or at an anticipated price. Derivatives can be difficult to value and valuation may be more difficult in times of market turmoil. There may be imperfect correlation between the behavior of a derivative and that of the reference instrument underlying the derivative, and the reference instrument may not perform as anticipated. An abrupt change in the price of a reference instrument could render a derivative worthless. Derivatives may involve risks different from, and possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in the reference instrument. Suitable derivatives may not be available in all circumstances, and there can be no assurance that the Fund will use derivatives to reduce exposure to other risks when that might have been beneficial. Derivatives may involve fees, commissions, or other costs that may reduce the Fund’s gains or exacerbate losses from the derivatives. In addition, the Fund’s use of derivatives may have different tax consequences for the Fund than an investment in the reference instruments, and those differences may increase the amount and affect the timing of income recognition and character of taxable distributions payable to shareholders. Thus, the Fund could be required at times to liquidate other investments in order to satisfy its distribution requirements. Certain aspects of the regulatory treatment of derivative instruments, including federal income tax, are currently unclear and may be affected by changes in legislation, regulations, or other legally binding authority.
Derivatives involve counterparty risk, which is the risk that the other party to the derivative will fail to make required payments or otherwise comply with the terms of the derivative. Counterparty risk may arise because of market activities and developments, the counterparty’s financial condition (including financial difficulties, bankruptcy, or insolvency), or other reasons. Not all derivative transactions require a counterparty to post collateral, which may
expose the Fund to greater losses in the event of a default by a counterparty. Counterparty risk is generally thought to be greater with OTC derivatives than with derivatives that are exchange traded or centrally cleared. However, derivatives that are traded on organized exchanges and/or through clearing organizations involve the possibility that the futures commission merchant or clearing organization will default in the performance of its obligations.
When the Fund uses derivatives, it will likely be required to provide margin or collateral and/or segregate cash or other liquid assets; these practices are intended to satisfy contractual undertakings and regulatory requirements and will not prevent the Fund from incurring losses on derivatives. The need to provide margin or collateral and/ or segregate assets could limit the Fund’s ability to pursue other opportunities as they arise. Segregated assets are not available to meet redemptions. The amount of assets required to be segregated will depend on the type of derivative the Fund uses and the nature of the contractual arrangement. If the Fund is required to segregate assets equal to only the current market value of its obligation under a derivative, the Fund may be able to use derivatives to a greater extent, which would increase the degree of leverage the Fund could undertake through derivatives and otherwise, than if it were required to segregate assets equal to the full notional value of such derivative. Derivatives that have margin requirements involve the risk that if the Fund has insufficient cash or eligible margin securities to meet daily variation margin requirements, it may have to sell securities or other instruments from its portfolio at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so. The Fund normally will remain obligated to meet margin requirements until a derivatives position is closed.
Rule 18f-4 under the Investment Company Act regulates and limits the Fund’s use of derivatives. The Fund is a “limited derivatives user.” as defined in Rule 18f-4, and has adopted policies and procedures to monitor compliance with such qualification. In the event the Fund were not able to qualify as a limited derivatives user, the rule would, among other things, require the Fund to establish a comprehensive derivatives risk management program, to comply with certain value-at-risk based leverage limits, to appoint a derivatives risk manager and to provide additional disclosure both publicly and to the SEC regarding its derivatives positions.
Although the Fund may use derivatives to attempt to hedge against certain risks, the hedging instruments may not perform as expected and could produce losses.
Additional risks associated with certain types of derivatives are discussed below:
| • | Forward Contracts. There are no limitations on daily price movements of forward contracts. Changes in foreign exchange regulations by governmental authorities might limit the trading of forward contracts on currencies. There have been periods during which certain counterparties have refused to continue to quote prices for forward contracts or have quoted prices with an unusually wide spread (the difference between the price at which the counterparty is prepared to buy and the price at which it is prepared to sell). |
| • | Futures. There can be no assurance that, at all times, a liquid market will exist for offsetting a futures contract that the Fund has previously bought or sold and this may result in the inability to close a futures position when desired. This could be the case if, for example, a futures price has increased or decreased by the maximum allowable daily limit and there is no buyer (or seller) willing to purchase (or sell) the futures contract that the Fund needs to sell (or buy) at that limit price. |
| • | Options. The use of options involves investment strategies and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. The prices of options are volatile and are influenced by, among other things, actual and anticipated changes in the value of the underlying instrument, or in interest or currency exchange rates, including the anticipated volatility of the underlying instrument (known as implied volatility), which in turn are affected by fiscal and monetary policies and by national and international political and economic events, as will the performance of the issuer of the underlying instrument. As such, prior to the exercise or expiration of the option, the Fund is exposed to implied volatility risk, meaning the value, as based on implied volatility, of an option may increase due to market and economic conditions or views based on the sector or industry in which issuers of the underlying instrument participate, including company-specific factors. By writing put options, the Fund takes on the risk of declines in the value of the underlying instrument, including the possibility of a loss up to the entire strike price of each option it sells, but without the corresponding opportunity to benefit from potential increases in the value of the underlying instrument. When the Fund writes a put |
option, it assumes the risk that it must purchase the underlying instrument at a strike price that may be higher than the market price of the instrument. If there is a broad market decline and the Fund is not able to close out its written put options, it may result in substantial losses to the Fund. By writing a call option, the Fund may be obligated to deliver instruments underlying an option at less than the market price. In the case of an uncovered call option, there is a risk of unlimited loss. When an uncovered call is exercised, the Fund must purchase the underlying instrument to meet its call obligations and the necessary instruments may be unavailable for purchase. When the Fund writes a covered call option, it gives up the opportunity to profit from a price increase in the underlying instrument above the strike price. If a covered call option that the Fund has written is exercised, the Fund will experience a gain or loss from the sale of the underlying instrument, depending on the price at which the Fund purchased the instrument and the strike price of the option. The Fund will receive a premium from writing options, but the premium received may not be sufficient to offset any losses sustained from exercised options. In the case of a covered call, the premium received may be offset by a decline in the market value of the underlying instrument during the option period. If an option that the Fund has purchased is never exercised or closed out, the Fund will lose the amount of the premium it paid and the use of those funds.
| • | Swaps. Swap transactions generally do not involve delivery of reference instruments or payment of the notional amount of the contract. Accordingly, the risk of loss with respect to swaps generally is limited to the net amount of payments that the Fund is contractually obligated to make or, in the case of the other party to a swap defaulting, the net amount of payments that the Fund is contractually entitled to receive. If the Fund sells a credit default swap, however, the risk of loss may be the entire notional amount of the swap. |
Some swaps are now executed through an organized exchange or regulated facility and cleared through a regulated clearing organization. The absence of an organized exchange or market for swap transactions may result in difficulties in trading and valuation, especially in the event of market disruptions. The use of an organized exchange or market for swap transactions is expected to result in swaps being easier to trade or value, but this may not always be the case.
Distressed Securities Risk
Distressed securities are securities of companies that are in financial distress and that may be in or about to enter bankruptcy or some other legal proceeding. These securities may present a substantial risk of default, including the loss of the entire investment, or may be in default. The Fund may incur additional expenses to the extent it is required to seek recovery upon a default in the payment of principal of or interest on its portfolio holdings. Distressed securities include loans, bonds and notes, many of which are not publicly traded, and may involve a substantial degree of risk. In certain periods, there may be little or no liquidity in the markets for distressed securities meaning that the Fund may be unable to exit its position. Distressed securities and any securities received in an exchange for such securities may be subject to restrictions on resale. In addition, the prices of such securities may be subject to periods of abrupt and erratic market movements and above-average price volatility. It may be difficult to obtain information regarding the financial condition of a borrower or issuer, and its financial condition may change rapidly. Also, it may be difficult to value such securities and the spread between the bid/ ask prices of such securities may be greater than expected. The Fund may lose a substantial portion or all of its investment in distressed securities or may be required to accept cash, securities or other property with a value less than its original investment.
ETFs Risk
Subject to the limitations set forth in the Investment Company Act or as otherwise permitted by the SEC, the Fund may acquire shares in ETFs. The market value of the shares of other investment companies may differ from their net asset value. As an investor in ETFs, the Fund would bear its ratable share of that entity’s expenses, including its investment advisory and administration fees, while continuing to pay its own advisory and administration fees and other expenses. As a result, shareholders will be absorbing duplicate levels of fees with respect to investments in ETFs.
Many ETFs are not actively managed and may be affected by a general decline in market segments relating to an index. An index ETF typically invests in securities included in, or representative of, its index regardless of their investment merits and does not attempt to take defensive positions in declining markets.
Preferred Securities Risk
Preferred securities, which are a form of hybrid security (i.e., a security with both debt and equity characteristics), may pay fixed or adjustable rates of return. Preferred securities are subject to issuer-specific and market risks applicable generally to equity securities, however, unlike common stocks, participation in the growth of an issuer may be limited. Distributions on preferred securities are generally payable at the discretion of the issuer’s board of directors and after the company makes required payments to holders of its bonds and other debt securities. For this reason, the value of preferred securities will usually react more strongly than bonds and other debt securities to actual or perceived changes in the company’s financial condition or prospects. Preferred securities of smaller companies may be more vulnerable to adverse developments than preferred securities of larger companies. Preferred securities may be less liquid than common stocks. Preferred securities may include provisions that permit the issuer, at its discretion, to defer or omit distributions for a stated period without any adverse consequences to the issuer. Preferred shareholders may have certain rights if distributions are not paid but generally have no legal recourse against the issuer and may suffer a loss of value if distributions are not paid. Generally, preferred shareholders have no voting rights with respect to the issuer unless distributions to preferred shareholders have not been paid for a stated period, at which time the preferred shareholders may elect a number of directors to the issuer’s board. Generally, once all the distributions have been paid to preferred shareholders, the preferred shareholders no longer have voting rights.
PIPEs Risk
Shares acquired in PIPEs are commonly sold at a discount to the current market value per share of the issuer’s publicly traded securities. Securities acquired in PIPEs generally are not registered with the SEC until after a certain period of time from the date the private sale is completed, which may be months and perhaps longer. PIPEs may contain provisions that require the issuer to pay penalties to the holder if the securities are not registered within a specified period. Until the public registration process is completed, securities acquired in PIPEs are restricted and, like investments in other types of restricted securities, may be illiquid. Any number of factors may prevent or delay a proposed registration. Prior to or in the absence of registration, it may be possible for securities acquired in PIPEs to be resold in transactions exempt from registration under the Securities Act. There is no guarantee, however, that an active trading market for such securities will exist at the time of disposition, and the lack of such a market could hurt the market value of the Fund’s investments. Even if the securities acquired in PIPEs become registered, or the Fund is able to sell the securities through an exempt transaction, the Fund may not be able to sell all the securities it holds on short notice and the sale could impact the market price of the securities.
Private Placements and Other Restricted Securities Risk
Private placements and other restricted securities are securities that are subject to legal and/or contractual restrictions on their sales. These securities may not be sold to the public unless certain conditions are met, which may include registration under the applicable securities laws. These securities may not be listed on an exchange and may have no active trading market. As a result of the absence of a public trading market, the prices of these securities may be more volatile and more difficult to determine than publicly traded securities and these securities may involve heightened risk as compared to investments in securities of publicly traded companies. Private placements and other restricted securities may be illiquid, and it frequently can be difficult to sell them at a time when it may otherwise be desirable to do so or the Fund may be able to sell them only at prices that are less than what the Fund regards as their fair market value. A security that was liquid at the time of purchase may subsequently become illiquid. In addition, transaction costs may be higher for private placements and other restricted securities. The Fund may have to bear the expense of registering such securities for sale and there may be substantial delays in effecting the registration. If, during such a delay, adverse market conditions were to
develop, the Fund might obtain a less favorable price than prevailed at the time it decided to seek registration of the securities. In addition, the Fund may get only limited information about the issuer of a private placement or other restricted security, so it may be less able to anticipate a loss.
Repurchase Agreement Risk
Repurchase agreements generally are for a short period of time and involve the risk that the counterparty may default on its obligation to repurchase the underlying instruments collateralizing the repurchase agreement, which may result in costs, delays, and/or losses to the Fund. In such a case, the Fund may incur expenses in enforcing its rights under the repurchase agreement. Repurchase agreements also involve the risk that the Fund could lose money if the underlying instruments used as collateral lose their value before they can be sold, or if the Fund is required to return collateral to a borrower at a time when it may realize a loss on the investment of that collateral.
SPACs Risk
Because SPACs and similar entities are essentially blank-check companies without an operating history or ongoing business other than seeking acquisitions, the value of their securities is particularly dependent on the ability of the entity’s management to identify and complete a profitable acquisition. SPACs may allow shareholders to redeem their pro rata investment immediately after the SPAC announces a proposed acquisition, which may prevent the entity’s management from completing the transaction. Some SPACs may pursue acquisitions only within certain industries or regions, which may increase the volatility of their prices. In addition, SPACs may trade in the over-the-counter market and, accordingly, may be considered illiquid and/or be subject to restrictions on resale.
Variable and Floating Rate Instruments Risk
The market prices of instruments with variable and floating interest rates are generally less sensitive to interest rate changes than are the market prices of instruments with fixed interest rates. Variable and floating rate instruments may decline in value if market interest rates or interest rates paid by such instruments do not move as expected. Certain types of floating rate instruments, such as interests in bank loans, may be subject to greater liquidity risk than other debt securities.
Warrants and Rights Risk
Warrants and rights do not carry with them the right to dividends or voting rights with respect to the securities that they entitle their holder to purchase, and they do not represent any rights in the assets of the issuer. As a result, warrants and rights may be considered more speculative than certain other types of investments. In addition, the value of a warrant or right does not necessarily change with the value of the underlying securities. The Fund could lose the value of a warrant or right if the right to subscribe to additional shares is not exercised prior to the warrant’s or right’s expiration date. The market for warrants and rights may be very limited and there may at times not be a liquid secondary market for warrants and rights.
MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND
Further Information Regarding Management of the Fund
Information regarding the Managers and officers of the Fund, including brief biographical information, is set forth below.
Board of Managers
The Managers of the Fund, their ages, addresses, positions held, lengths of time served, their principal business occupations during the past five years, the number of portfolios in the “Fund Complex” (defined below) overseen by each Independent Manager and other directorships, if any, held by the Managers, are shown below.
Name, Position(s) Held with Registrant, Address, and Year of Birth | Term of Office and Length of Time Served | Principal Occupation During Past 5 Years | Number of Funds in Fund Complex* Overseen by Manager | Other Directorships Held by Manager During Past 5 Years |
Independent Managers | | | | |
Virginia G. Breen, Manager 1290 Avenue of the Americas New York, NY 10104 (1964) | Term Indefinite—Since Inception | Private investor and board member of certain entities (as listed herein). | 18 | Trustee/Director of UBS Registered Fund Complex (42 funds); Director of Calamos Fund Complex (28 funds); Director of Paylocity Holding Corp.; Former Director of JLL Income Property Trust, Inc. (2004 - 06/23); Former Director of Tech and Energy Transition Corporation (2021 - 03/23). |
Alan Brott, Manager 1290 Avenue of the Americas New York, NY 10104 (1943) | Term Indefinite—Since Inception | Consultant (since 10/1991). | 18 | Director of Grosvenor Registered Multi-Strategy Funds (3 funds); Director of Hedge Fund Guided Portfolio Solution (part of the Grosvenor complex); Director of Stone Harbor Investment Funds (8 funds) (2007-2022), Manager of Man FRM Alternative Multi-Strategy Fund LLC (8/09 to 8/21). |
Victor F. Imbimbo, Jr., Manager 1290 Avenue of the Americas New York, NY 10104 (1952) | Term Indefinite—Since Inception | President and CEO of Caring Today, LLC, an information and support resource for the family caregiver market. | 18 | Manager of Man FRM Alternative Multi-Strategy Fund LLC (10/00 to 8/21). |
Thomas F. McDevitt, Manager 1290 Avenue of the Americas New York, NY 10104 (1956) | Term Indefinite—Since Inception | Managing Partner of Edgewood Capital Partners and President of Edgewood Capital Advisors (5/2002 to present). | 18 | N/A. |
Name, Position(s) Held with Registrant, Address, and Year of Birth | Term of Office and Length of Time Served | Principal Occupation During Past 5 Years | Number of Funds in Fund Complex* Overseen by Manager | Other Directorships Held by Manager During Past 5 Years |
Thomas G. Yellin, Manager 1290 Avenue of the Americas New York, NY 10104 (1954) | Term Indefinite—Since Inception | President of The Documentary Group (since 6/2006). | 18 | Director of Grosvenor Registered Multi-Strategy Funds (3 funds); Director of Hedge Fund Guided Portfolio Solution (part of the Grosvenor complex); Manager of Man FRM Alternative Multi-Strategy Fund LLC (8/09 to 8/21). |
Interested Manager | | | | |
James D. Bowden, Manager** 1290 Avenue of the Americas New York, NY 10104 (1954) | Term Indefinite—Since April 2023 | Managing Director, NBAA, (2015 – 2023). | 18 | N/A. |
* | | The “Fund Complex” consists of the Fund, NB Private Markets Fund III (Master) LLC, NB Private Markets Fund III (TI) LLC, NB Private Markets Fund III (TE) LLC, NB Crossroads Private Markets Fund IV (TI) – Client LLC, NB Crossroads Private Markets Fund IV (TE) – Client LLC, NB Crossroads Private Markets Fund IV Holdings LLC, NB Crossroads Private Markets Fund V Holdings LP, NB Crossroads Private Markets Fund V (TE) LP, NB Crossroads Private Markets Fund V (TE) Advisory LP, NB Crossroads Private Markets Fund V (TI) LP, and NB Crossroads Private Markets Fund V (TI) Advisory LP, NB Crossroads Private Markets Fund VI Holdings LP, NB Crossroads Private Markets Fund VI Advisory LP, NB Crossroads Private Markets Fund VI LP, NB Crossroads Private Markets Fund VII Holdings LP, NB Crossroads Private Markets Fund VII Advisory LP and NB Crossroads Private Markets Fund VII LP. |
| ** | Mr. Bowden is deemed to be an “interested person” (as defined in the Investment Company Act) of the Fund (an “Interested Manager”) because of his prior position at NBAA. Mr. Bowden does not serve on the Board’s Audit or Nominating Committees. |
Officers
The executive officers of the Fund, their ages, addresses, positions held, lengths of time served and their principal business occupations during the past five years are shown below.
Name, Position(s) Held with Registrant, Year of Birth and Address* | | Term of Office and Length of Time Served | | Principal Occupation During Past 5 Years |
Mark Bonner, Treasurer (1977) | | Term — Indefinite; Length — since inception | | Managing Director, Neuberger Berman LLC, since 2024, and Director of Private Equity Finance, since 2015. Formerly, Senior Vice President, Bank of America; Merrill Lynch Alternative Investments LLC (2006-2015). |
Claudia A. Brandon, Executive Vice President and Secretary (1956) | | Term — Indefinite; Length — since inception | | Senior Vice President, Neuberger Berman LLC, since 2007. |
Name, Position(s) Held with Registrant, Year of Birth and Address* | | Term of Office and Length of Time Served | | Principal Occupation During Past 5 Years |
Sarah Doane, Assistant Treasurer (1989) | | Term — Indefinite; Length — since inception | | Senior Vice President, Neuberger Berman LLC, since 2024, and Director of Private Equity Finance, since 2016. |
Savonne Ferguson Chief Compliance Officer (1973) | | Term — Indefinite; Length — since inception | | Senior Vice President, Neuberger Berman LLC, Chief Compliance Officer (Mutual Funds) and Associate General Counsel, NBIA, since November 2018. |
Corey A. Issing, Chief Legal Officer (only for purposes of sections 307 and 406 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002) (1978) | | Term — Indefinite; Length — since inception | | General Counsel and Head of Compliance – Mutual Funds since 2016 and Managing Director, NBIA, since 2017. |
Sheila James, Assistant Secretary (1965) | | Term — Indefinite; Length — since inception | | Senior Vice President, Neuberger Berman LLC, since 2023. Formerly, Vice President, Neuberger Berman LLC (2008-2023). |
Maura Reilly Kennedy, Vice President (1978) | | Term — Indefinite; Length — since February 2023 | | Managing Director, NBAA, since 2018. Formerly Principal, NBAA (2014-2018). |
Brian Kerrane, Vice President (1969) | | Term — Indefinite; Length — since inception | | Managing Director, Neuberger Berman LLC, since 2013; Chief Operating Officer – Mutual Funds and Managing Director, NBIA, since 2015. |
Josephine Marone, Assistant Secretary (1963) | | Term — Indefinite; Length — since inception | | Senior Paralegal, Neuberger Berman LLC, since 2007. |
David Morse Vice President and Principal Executive Officer (for purposes of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002) (1961) | | Term — Indefinite; Length — since August 2024 | | Global Co-Head of Private Equity Co-Investments, Managing Director, NBAA, since 2003. |
Michael Smith, Vice President (1984) | | Term — Indefinite; Length — since February 2023 | | Managing Director, NBAA, since 2022. Formerly Principal, NBAA (2018-2022). |
Peter von Lehe, President (1968) | | Term — Indefinite; Length — since February 2023 | | Head of Investments Solutions and Strategy, Managing Director, NBAA, since 2006. |
* | | The business address of each listed person is 1290 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10104, except for Mark Bonner, Sarah Doane and Michael Smith, whose business address is 53 State Street, 13th Floor, Boston, MA 02109. |
Manager Share Ownership
For each Manager, the dollar range of equity securities beneficially owned by the Manager in the Fund and in the Family of Investment Companies Overseen by the Manager as of December 31, 2023, is set forth in the table below.
Name of Manager | | Dollar Range of Equity Securities in the Fund | | Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity Securities in the Fund Complex |
Independent Managers: | | | | |
Virginia G. Breen | | None | | None |
Alan Brott | | None | | None |
Victor F. Imbimbo, Jr. | | None | | None |
Thomas F. McDevitt | | None | | None |
Thomas G. Yellin | | None | | None |
Interested Manager: | | | | |
James D. Bowden | | None | | None |
As to each Independent Manager and his or her immediate family members, no person owned beneficially or of record securities of an investment adviser or principal underwriter of the Fund, or a person (other than a registered investment company) directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by or under common control with an investment adviser or principal underwriter of the Fund.
As of December 31, 2023, the Managers and officers of the Fund, as a group, owned beneficially or of record less than 1% of the outstanding shares of each class of the Fund.
Manager Compensation
Currently, the Independent Managers are each paid an annual retainer of $175,000 for serving on the boards of the funds in the Fund Complex. The Independent Managers are also reimbursed for out-of-pocket expenses in connection with providing services to the Fund. The Interested Manager is not compensated for his service on the Board, but is paid an annual retainer for his service on certain of the boards of the funds in the Fund Complex. The Board does not have a compensation committee. The Fund does not have any retirement plan for the Fund’s Managers. The compensation for the Managers who served on the Board for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024 is set forth below. The Interested Manager joined the Board in April of 2023.
Name of Manager* | | Aggregate Compensation from the Fund | | Total Compensation from the Fund Complex Payable to Manager** |
Virginia G. Breen | | $28,385 | | $175,000 (18) |
Alan Brott | | $28,385 | | $175,000 (18) |
Victor F. Imbimbo, Jr. | | $28,385 | | $175,000 (18) |
Thomas F. McDevitt | | $28,385 | | $175,000 (18) |
Thomas G. Yellin | | $28,385 | | $175,000 (18) |
Interested Manager: | | | | |
James D. Bowden | | $0 | | $141,927 (17) |
| * | On March 11, 2024, Stephen V. Murphy retired from the Boards of the Fund and the other funds within the Fund Complex. Mr. Murphy was paid compensation of $28,385 and $175,000 from the Fund and the Fund Complex, respectively, for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024. |
| ** | The total compensation paid to such persons by the Fund and Fund Complex for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2024. The parenthetical number represents the number of investment companies (including the Fund) from which such person received compensation. On December 20, 2023, NB Private Markets Fund II (Master) LLC, NB Private Markets Fund II (TI) LLC and NB Private Markets Fund II (TE) LLC (the “PMF II Funds”) were deregistered as investment companies under the Investment Company Act. The PMF II Funds are no longer a part of the Fund Complex and the Board members have resigned from their boards. |
Compensation of the Portfolio Managers
Neuberger Berman’s compensation philosophy is one that focuses on rewarding performance and incentivizing our employees. Neuberger Berman is focused on creating a compensation process that it believes is fair, transparent and competitive with the market.
Compensation for the Fund’s Portfolio Management Team consists of a fixed base salary and annual discretionary, performance-based bonus, which is a variable portion of total compensation. Compensation is paid from a portfolio management team compensation pool made available to the portfolio management team with which the investment professional is associated. The size of the team compensation pool is determined based on a number of factors including the revenue that is generated by that particular portfolio management team, less certain adjustments. The percentage allocated to individual team participants is based on a variety of criteria, including investment performance (including the aggregate multi-year track record), utilization of central resources (including research, sales and operations/support), business building to further the longer term sustainable success of the investment team, effective team/people management, and overall contribution to the success of Neuberger Berman.
The terms of our long-term retention incentives are as follows:
| • | Employee-Owned Equity. Neuberger Berman offers a voluntary equity acquisition program which allows employees a direct opportunity to invest in Neuberger Berman. This program is open to senior employees who meet certain investment criteria. In addition, in prior years, certain employees may have elected to have a portion of their compensation delivered in the form of equity. |
For confidentiality and privacy reasons, Neuberger Berman cannot disclose individual equity holdings or program participation.
| • | Contingent Compensation. Neuberger Berman established the Neuberger Berman Group Contingent Compensation Plan (the “CCP”) to serve as a means to further align the interests of our employees with the success of the firm and the interests of our clients, and to reward continued employment. Under the CCP, a percentage of a participant’s total compensation is contingent and tied to the performance of a portfolio of Neuberger Berman investment strategies as specified by the firm on an employee-by-employee basis. By having a participant’s contingent compensation tied to Neuberger Berman investment strategies, each employee is given further incentive to operate as a prudent risk manager and to collaborate with colleagues to maximize performance across all business areas. In the case of portfolio managers, the CCP is currently structured so that such employees have exposure to the investment strategies of their respective teams as well as the broader Neuberger Berman portfolio. Subject to satisfaction of certain conditions of the CCP (including conditions relating to continued employment), contingent compensation amounts vest over three years. Neuberger Berman determines annually which employees participate in the program based on total compensation for the applicable year. |
| • | Restrictive Covenants. Most investment professionals, including portfolio managers, are subject to notice periods and restrictive covenants which include employee and client non-solicit restrictions as well as restrictions on the use of confidential information. In addition, depending on participation levels, certain senior professionals may have non-compete restrictions. |
Other Accounts Managed by the Portfolio Managers
The following table lists the number and types of accounts, other than the Fund, managed by the Fund’s Portfolio Management Team and assets under management in those accounts, as of March 31, 2024.
Type of Account | | Number of Accounts Managed* | | Total Assets Managed | | Number of Accounts Managed for which Advisory Fee is Performance-Based | | Assets Managed for which Advisory Fee is Performance-Based |
Kent Chen | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Registered Investment Companies | | | 6 | | | $ | 1,511,305,435 | | | | 7 | | | $ | 1,511,305,435 | |
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles | | | 32 | | | $ | 19,233,958,219 | | | | 32 | | | $ | 19,233,958,219 | |
Other Accounts | | | 128 | | | $ | 51,815,192,542 | | | | 128 | | | $ | 51,815,192,542 | |
Paul Daggett | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Registered Investment Companies | | | 6 | | | $ | 1,511,305,435 | | | | 6 | | | $ | 1,511,305,435 | |
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles | | | 32 | | | $ | 19,233,958,219 | | | | 32 | | | $ | 19,233,958,219 | |
Other Accounts | | | 128 | | | $ | 51,815,192,542 | | | | 128 | | | $ | 51,815,192,542 | |
Michael Kramer | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Registered Investment Companies | | | 6 | | | $ | 1,511,305,435 | | | | 6 | | | $ | 1,511,305,435 | |
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles | | | 32 | | | $ | 19,233,958,219 | | | | 32 | | | $ | 19,233,958,219 | |
Other Accounts | | | 128 | | | $ | 51,815,192,542 | | | | 128 | | | $ | 51,815,192,542 | |
David Morse | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Registered Investment Companies | | | 6 | | | $ | 1,511,305,435 | | | | 6 | | | $ | 1,511,305,435 | |
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles | | | 32 | | | $ | 19,233,958,219 | | | | 32 | | | $ | 19,233,958,219 | |
Other Accounts | | | 128 | | | $ | 51,815,192,542 | | | | 128 | | | $ | 51,815,192,542 | |
Joana P. Rocha Scaff | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Registered Investment Companies | | | 6 | | | $ | 1,511,305,435 | | | | 6 | | | $ | 1,511,305,435 | |
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles | | | 35 | | | $ | 26,199,893,319 | | | | 35 | | | $ | 26,199,893,319 | |
Other Accounts | | | 130 | | | $ | 52,640,192,542 | | | | 130 | | | $ | 52,640,192,542 | |
Jonathan D. Shofet | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Registered Investment Companies | | | 6 | | | $ | 1,511,305,435 | | | | 6 | | | $ | 1,511,305,435 | |
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles | | | 32 | | | $ | 19,233,958,219 | | | | 32 | | | $ | 19,233,958,219 | |
Other Accounts | | | 128 | | | $ | 51,815,192,542 | | | | 128 | | | $ | 51,815,192,542 | |
Brien P. Smith | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Registered Investment Companies | | | 6 | | | $ | 1,511,305,435 | | | | 6 | | | $ | 1,511,305,435 | |
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles | | | 32 | | | $ | 19,233,958,219 | | | | 32 | | | $ | 19,233,958,219 | |
Other Accounts | | | 128 | | | $ | 51,815,192,542 | | | | 128 | | | $ | 51,815,192,542 | |
David S. Stonberg | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Registered Investment Companies | | | 6 | | | $ | 1,511,305,435 | | | | 6 | | | $ | 1,511,305,435 | |
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles | | | 39 | | | $ | 31,828,703,819 | | | | 39 | | | $ | 31,828,703,819 | |
Other Accounts | | | 131 | | | $ | 52,715,192,542 | | | | 131 | | | $ | 52,715,192,542 | |
Elizabeth Traxler | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Registered Investment Companies | | | 6 | | | $ | 1,511,305,435 | | | | 6 | | | $ | 1,511,305,435 | |
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles | | | 35 | | | $ | 26,199,893,319 | | | | 35 | | | $ | 26,199,893,319 | |
Other Accounts | | | 130 | | | $ | 52,640,192,542 | | | | 153 | | | $ | 52,640,192,542 | |
Type of Account | | Number of Accounts Managed* | | Total Assets Managed | | Number of Accounts Managed for which Advisory Fee is Performance-Based | | Assets Managed for which Advisory Fee is Performance-Based |
Anthony D. Tutrone | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Registered Investment Companies | | | 6 | | | $ | 1,511,305,435 | | | | 6 | | | $ | 1,511,305,435 | |
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles | | | 39 | | | $ | 31,828,703,819 | | | | 39 | | | $ | 31,828,703,819 | |
Other Accounts | | | 131 | | | $ | 52,715,192,542 | | | | 154 | | | $ | 52,715,192,542 | |
Peter J. Von Lehe | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Registered Investment Companies | | | 6 | | | $ | 1,511,305,435 | | | | 6 | | | $ | 1,511,305,435 | |
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles | | | 31 | | | $ | 19,233,958,219 | | | | 31 | | | $ | 19,233,958,219 | |
Other Accounts | | | 128 | | | $ | 51,815,192,542 | | | | 128 | | | $ | 51,815,192,542 | |
Jacquelyn Wang | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Registered Investment Companies | | | 6 | | | $ | 1,511,305,435 | | | | 6 | | | $ | 1,511,305,435 | |
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles | | | 31 | | | $ | 19,233,958,219 | | | | 31 | | | $ | 19,233,958,219 | |
Other Accounts | | | 128 | | | $ | 51,815,192,542 | | | | 128 | | | $ | 51,815,192,542 | |
Patricia Miller Zolar | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Registered Investment Companies | | | 6 | | | $ | 1,511,305,435 | | | | 6 | | | $ | 1,511,305,435 | |
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles | | | 31 | | | $ | 19,233,958,219 | | | | 31 | | | $ | 19,233,958,219 | |
Other Accounts | | | 128 | | | $ | 51,815,192,542 | | | | 128 | | | $ | 51,815,192,542 | |
| * | Registered investment companies in a “master-feeder” structure are counted as one investment company for purposes for determining the number of accounts managed. |
As of March 31, 2024, the members of the Portfolio Management Team that owned Shares were: Peter J. Von Lehe, who owned $100,001-$500,000 worth of Shares; David Morse, who owned $100,001-$500,000 worth of Shares; Joana P. Rocha Scaff, who owned $100,001-$500,000 worth of Shares; Jonathan D. Shofet, who owned $100,001-$500,000 worth of Shares, Brien Smith, who owned $100,001-$500,000 worth of Shares; and Anthony D. Tutrone, who owned over $1,000,000 worth of Shares.
Codes of Ethics
The Fund, the Adviser and the Distributor have each adopted codes of ethics pursuant to Rule 17j-1 under the Investment Company Act. These codes permit personnel subject to the codes to invest in securities, including securities that may be purchased or held by the Fund, subject to a number of controls. These codes may be obtained by calling the SEC at (202) 551-8090. These codes of ethics are available on the EDGAR Database on the SEC’s website (http://www.sec.gov).
Proxy Voting Policies
The Fund’s private equity investments do not typically convey traditional voting rights, and the occurrence of corporate governance or other consent or voting matters for this type of investment is substantially less than that encountered in connection with registered equity securities. On occasion, however, the Fund may receive notices or proposals from the Portfolio Funds seeking the consent of or voting by holders, and may also vote on matters relating to the other private equity investments. The Board has delegated the voting of proxies for to the securities held in the Fund’s portfolio to the Investment Adviser pursuant to the Investment Adviser’s proxy voting policies and procedures. Under these policies, the Investment Adviser will vote proxies, amendments, consents or resolutions related to Fund securities in the best interests of the Fund and its Shareholders. The Investment Adviser’s proxy voting procedures are included in Appendix B of this SAI. Information regarding
how the Investment Adviser voted proxies related to the Fund’s portfolio holdings during the 12-month period ending June 30 is available, without charge, upon request by calling collect (212) 476-8800, on the Fund’s website at https://www.nb.com/en/us/products/private-markets-funds/nb-private-markets-access-fund and on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE
In effecting securities transactions, the Fund seek to obtain the best price and execution of orders. While affiliates of the Investment Adviser are permitted to act as brokers for the Funds in the purchase and sale of their portfolio securities (other than certain securities traded on the OTC market) where such brokers are capable of providing best execution, the Funds generally will use unaffiliated brokers. For Fund transactions which involve securities traded on the OTC market, the Fund purchases and sells OTC securities in principal transactions with dealers who are the principal market makers for such securities.
Purchases and sales of certain debt securities generally are transacted with issuers, underwriters, or dealers that serve as primary market-makers, who act as principals for the securities on a net basis. The Fund typically does not pay brokerage commissions for such purchases and sales. Instead, the price paid for newly issued securities usually includes a concession or discount paid by the issuer to the underwriter, and the prices quoted by market-makers reflect a spread between the bid and the asked prices from which the dealer derives a profit.
For Fund transactions which involve securities traded on the OTC market, the Fund purchases and sells OTC securities in principal transactions with dealers who are the principal market makers for such securities. Loans will be purchased in individually negotiated transactions with commercial banks, thrifts, insurance companies, finance companies and other financial institutions. In determining whether to purchase loans from these financial institutions, the Investment Adviser may consider, among other factors, the financial strength, professional ability, level of service and research capability of the institution. While financial institutions generally are not required to repurchase loans which they have sold, they may act as principal or on an agency basis in connection with the Fund’s disposition of loans.
In most instances, the Fund will purchase interests in a Portfolio Fund directly from the Portfolio Fund, and such purchases by the Fund may be, but are generally not, subject to transaction expenses. Nevertheless, the Fund anticipates that some of its portfolio transactions (including investments in Portfolio Funds by the Fund) may be subject to expenses.
During the last three fiscal years, the Fund paid $0 in brokerage commissions. No brokerage commissions were paid to a broker that is an affiliated person of the Fund, is an affiliated person of an affiliated person of the Fund, or has an affiliated person that is an affiliated person of the Fund, the Adviser or the Distributor.
Portfolio Turnover
Portfolio turnover may vary significantly from year to year due to a variety of factors, including market conditions, investment strategy changes, and/or changes in the Adviser’s investment outlook. A higher portfolio turnover rate results in correspondingly greater brokerage commissions and other transactional expenses that are borne by the Fund. High portfolio turnover may result in an increased realization of net short-term capital gains by the Fund which, when distributed to common shareholders, will be taxable as ordinary income. Additionally, in a declining market, portfolio turnover may create realized capital losses. The Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was elevated in fiscal year 2023 as compared to fiscal year 2024 primarily due to changes in the Fund’s liquid fixed-income securities.
ERISA CONSIDERATIONS
Persons who are fiduciaries with respect to an employee benefit plan or other arrangements or entities subject to the U.S. Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”) (an “ERISA Plan”), and persons who are fiduciaries with respect to an “individual retirement account” (an “IRA”) or Keogh Plan or another arrangement or entity, which is not subject to ERISA but is subject to the prohibited transaction rules of Section 4975 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”) (together with ERISA Plans, “Benefit Plans”) should consider, among other things, the matters described below before determining whether to invest in the Fund.
ERISA imposes certain general and specific responsibilities on persons who are fiduciaries with respect to an ERISA Plan, including prudence, diversification, an obligation not to engage in a prohibited transaction and other standards. In determining whether a particular investment is appropriate for an ERISA Plan, U.S. Department of Labor (“DOL”) regulations provide that a fiduciary of an ERISA Plan must give appropriate consideration to, among other things, the role that the investment plays in the ERISA Plan’s portfolio, taking into consideration whether the investment is designed reasonably to further the ERISA Plan’s purposes, an examination of the risk and return factors, the portfolio’s composition with regard to diversification, the liquidity and current return of the total portfolio relative to the anticipated cash flow needs of the ERISA Plan, the income tax consequences of the investment and the projected return of the total portfolio relative to the ERISA Plan’s funding objectives. Before investing the assets of an ERISA Plan in the Fund, a fiduciary should determine whether such an investment is consistent with its fiduciary responsibilities and the foregoing regulations. For example, a fiduciary should consider whether an investment in the Fund may be too illiquid or too speculative for a particular ERISA Plan, and whether the assets of the ERISA Plan would be sufficiently diversified. Fiduciaries of such plans or arrangements also should confirm that investment in the Fund is consistent, and complies, with the governing provisions of the plan or arrangement, including any eligibility and nondiscrimination requirements that may be applicable under law with respect to any “benefit, right or feature” affecting the qualified status of the plan or arrangement, which may be of particular importance for participant-directed plans given that the Fund sells Shares only to Eligible Investors, as described herein. If a fiduciary with respect to any such ERISA Plan breaches its responsibilities with regard to selecting an investment or an investment course of action for such ERISA Plan, the fiduciary itself may be held liable for losses incurred by the ERISA Plan as a result of such breach. Fiduciaries of Benefit Plans that are not subject to Title I of ERISA but that are subject to Section 4975 of the Code (such as IRAs and Keogh Plans) should consider carefully these same factors.
The DOL has adopted regulations, which, along with Section 3(42) of ERISA (collectively, the “Plan Assets Rules”), treat the assets of certain pooled investment vehicles as “plan assets” for purposes of, and subject to, Title I of ERISA and Section 4975 of the Code (“Plan Assets”). The Plan Assets Rules provide, however, that, in general, funds registered as investment companies under the Investment Company Act are not deemed to be subject to the fiduciary responsibility provisions of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code merely because of investments made in the fund by Benefit Plans. Accordingly, the underlying assets of the Fund should not be considered to be the Plan Assets of the Benefit Plans investing in the Fund for purposes of ERISA’s (or the Code’s) fiduciary responsibility and prohibited transaction rules. Thus, the Adviser should not be considered a fiduciary within the meaning of ERISA or the Code by reason of its authority with respect to the Fund.
The Fund will require a Benefit Plan (and each person causing such Benefit Plan to invest in the Fund) to represent that it, and any such fiduciaries responsible for such Benefit Plan’s investments (including in its individual or corporate capacity, as may be applicable), are aware of and understand the Fund’s investment objective, policies and strategies, that the decision to invest Plan Assets in the Fund was made with appropriate consideration of relevant investment factors with regard to the Benefit Plan and is consistent with the duties and responsibilities imposed upon fiduciaries with regard to their investment decisions under ERISA and/or the Code.
Benefit Plans may be required to report certain compensation paid by the Fund (or by third parties) to the Fund’s service providers as “reportable indirect compensation” on Schedule C to IRS Form 5500 (“Form 5500”). To the extent that any compensation arrangements described herein constitute reportable indirect compensation, any such descriptions are intended to satisfy the disclosure requirements for the alternative reporting option for “eligible indirect compensation,” as defined for purposes of Schedule C to Form 5500.
The provisions of ERISA and the Code are subject to extensive and continuing administrative and judicial interpretation and review. The discussion of ERISA and the Code contained in this SAI is general, does not purport to be a thorough analysis of ERISA or the Code, may be affected by future publication of regulations and rulings and should not be considered legal advice. Potential investors that are Benefit Plans and their fiduciaries should consult their legal advisers regarding the consequences under ERISA and the Code of the acquisition and ownership of Shares.
Employee benefit plans that are not subject to the requirements of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code (such as governmental plans, non-U.S. plans and certain church plans) may be subject to similar rules under other applicable laws or documents, and also should consult their own advisers as to the propriety of an investment in the Fund.
By acquiring Shares of the Fund, a Shareholder acknowledges and agrees that any information provided by the Fund, the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser or any of their affiliates (including information set forth in the Prospectus and this SAI) is not a recommendation to invest in the Fund and that none of the Fund, the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser or any of their respective affiliates is undertaking to provide any investment advice to the Shareholder (impartial or otherwise), or to give advice to the Shareholder in a fiduciary capacity in connection with an investment in the Fund and, accordingly, no part of any compensation received by the Adviser or the Sub-Adviser or any of its affiliates is for the provision of investment advice to the Shareholder.
CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDERS
Except as noted below, no persons owned of record or beneficially 5% or more of any class of the Fund’s outstanding Shares as of June 30, 2024:
Name | | Address | | Class | | Number of Shares Held | | Percentage of Shares Held |
Brighthouse Life Insurance Company | | 334 Madison Avenue Morristown, NJ 07960 | | Institutional Class | | 5,084,594 | | 5.87% |
Neuberger Berman Europe Holdings LLC | | 1290 Avenue of the Americas New York NY, 10104 | | Class A-1 | | 9,474 | | 100% |
Shareholders who beneficially own 25% or more of the outstanding Shares of the Fund may be deemed to be a “control person” of the Fund for purposes of the Investment Company Act.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The Fund’s audited financial statements for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024, which are included in the Fund’s annual report to Shareholders, are incorporated herein by reference.
Appendix A
APPENDIX A – SECURITIES RATING DESCRIPTIONS
Long-Term and Short-Term Debt Securities Rating Descriptions
S&P Global Ratings — Long-Term Issue Credit Ratings*:
The following descriptions have been published by Standard & Poor’s Financial Services LLC.
AAA – An obligation rated ‘AAA’ has the highest rating assigned by S&P Global Ratings. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is extremely strong.
AA – An obligation rated ‘AA’ differs from the highest-rated obligations only to a small degree. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is very strong.
A – An obligation rated ‘A’ is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher-rated categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is still strong.
BBB – An obligation rated ‘BBB’ exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to weaken the obligor’s capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
BB, B, CCC, CC, and C – Obligations rated ‘BB’, ‘B’, ‘CCC’, ‘CC’, and ‘C’ are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. ‘BB’ indicates the least degree of speculation and ‘C’ the highest. While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposure to adverse conditions.
BB – An obligation rated ‘BB’ is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions that could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
B – An obligation rated ‘B’ is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated ‘BB’, but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor’s capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
CCC – An obligation rated ‘CCC’ is currently vulnerable to nonpayment, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitments on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
CC – An obligation rated ‘CC’ is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment. The ‘CC’ rating is used when a default has not yet occurred, but S&P Global Ratings expects default to be a virtual certainty, regardless of the anticipated time to default.
C – An obligation rated ‘C’ is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment, and the obligation is expected to have lower relative seniority or lower ultimate recovery compared with obligations that are rated higher.
D – An obligation rated ‘D’ is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the ‘D’ rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless S&P Global Ratings believes that such payments will be made within five business days, in the absence of a stated grace period or within the earlier of the stated grace period or 30 calendar days. The ‘D’ rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. A rating on an obligation is lowered to ‘D’ if it is subject to a distressed debt restructuring.
NR – This indicates that no rating has been requested, or that there is insufficient information on which to base a rating, or that S&P Global Ratings does not rate a particular obligation as a matter of policy.
| * | The ratings from ‘AA’ to ‘CCC’ may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (−) sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories. |
Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”) — Global Long-Term Rating Scale:
The following descriptions have been published by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc.
Aaa – Obligations rated Aaa are judged to be of the highest quality, with minimal risk.
Aa – Obligations rated Aa are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low credit risk.
A – Obligations rated A are considered to be upper-medium grade and are subject to low credit risk.
Baa – Obligations rated Baa are subject to moderate credit risk. They are considered medium grade and as such may possess speculative characteristics.
Ba – Obligations rated Ba are judged to have speculative elements and are subject to substantial credit risk.
B – Obligations rated B are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk.
Caa – Obligations rated Caa are judged to be of poor standing and are subject to very high credit risk.
Ca – Obligations rated Ca are highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery in principal and interest.
C – Obligations rated C are the lowest rated class of bonds and are typically in default, with little prospect for recovery of principal and interest.
Note: Moody’s appends numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 to each generic rating classification from Aa through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category. Additionally, a “(hyb)” indicator is appended to all ratings of hybrid securities issued by banks, insurers, finance companies, and securities firms.*
Fitch Ratings (“Fitch”) — Corporate Finance Obligations — Long-Term Rating Scale:
The following descriptions have been published by Fitch, Inc. and Fitch Ratings Ltd. and its subsidiaries.
AAA – Highest credit quality. ’AAA’ ratings denote the lowest expectation of credit risk. They are assigned only in cases of exceptionally strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events.
AA – Very high credit quality. ’AA’ ratings denote expectations of very low credit risk. They indicate very strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events.
A – High credit quality. ’A’ ratings denote expectations of low credit risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered strong. This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to adverse business or economic conditions than is the case for higher ratings.
BBB – Good credit quality. ’BBB’ ratings indicate that expectations of credit risk are currently low. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate but adverse business or economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity.
BB – Speculative. ’BB’ ratings indicate an elevated vulnerability to credit risk, particularly in the event of adverse changes in business or economic conditions over time; however, business or financial alternatives may be available to allow financial commitments to be met.
B – Highly speculative. ’B’ ratings indicate that material credit risk is present. For performing obligations, default risk is commensurate with an Issuer Default Risk (“IDR”) in the ranges ‘BB’ to ‘C’. For issuers with an IDR below ‘B’, the overall credit risk of this obligation is moderated by the expected level of recoveries should a default occur. For issuers with an IDR above ‘B’, the overall credit risk of this obligation is exacerbated by the expected low level of recoveries should a default occur. For non-performing obligations, the obligation or issuer is in default, or has deferred payment, but the rated obligation is expected to have extremely high recovery rates consistent with a Recovery Rating of ‘RR1’.
* | | By their terms, hybrid securities allow for the omission of scheduled dividends, interest, or principal payments, which can potentially result in impairment if such an omission occurs. Hybrid securities may also be subject to contractually allowable write-downs of principal that could result in impairment. Together with the hybrid indicator, the long-term obligation rating assigned to a hybrid security is an expression of the relative credit risk associated with that security. |
CCC – Substantial credit risk. ’CCC’ ratings indicate that substantial credit risk is present. For performing obligations, default risk is commensurate with an IDR in the ranges ‘B’ to ‘C’. For issuers with an IDR below ‘CCC’, the overall credit risk of this obligation is moderated by the expected level of recoveries should a default occur. For issuers with an IDR above ‘CCC’, the overall credit risk of this obligation is exacerbated by the expected low level of recoveries should a default occur. For non-performing obligations, the obligation or issuer is in default, or has deferred payment, but the rated obligation is expected to have a superior recovery rate consistent with a Recovery Rating of ‘RR2’.
CC – Very high levels of credit risk. ’CC’ ratings indicate very high levels of credit risk. For performing obligations, default risk is commensurate with an IDR in the ranges ‘B’ to ‘C’. For issuers with an IDR below ‘CC’, the overall credit risk of this obligation is moderated by the expected level of recoveries should a default occur. For issuers with an IDR above ‘CC’, the overall credit risk of this obligation is exacerbated by the expected low level of recoveries should a default occur. For non-performing obligations, the obligation or issuer is in default, or has deferred payment, but the rated obligation is expected to have a good recovery rate consistent with a Recovery Rating of ‘RR3’.
C – Exceptionally high levels of credit risk. ’C’ indicates exceptionally high levels of credit risk. For performing obligations, default risk is commensurate with an IDR in the ranges ‘B’ to ‘C’. The overall credit risk of this obligation is exacerbated by the expected low level of recoveries should a default occur. For non-performing obligations, the obligation or issuer is in default, or has deferred payment, and the rated obligation is expected to have an average, below-average or poor recovery rate consistent with a Recovery Rating of ‘RR4’, ‘RR5’ or ‘RR6’.
Defaulted obligations typically are not assigned ‘RD’ or ‘D’ ratings, but are instead rated in the ‘B’ to ‘C’ rating categories, depending upon their recovery prospects and other relevant characteristics. This approach better aligns obligations that have comparable overall expected loss but varying vulnerability to default and loss.
Note: The modifiers “+” or “−” may be appended to a rating to denote relative status within major rating categories. Such suffixes are not added to the ‘AAA’ obligation rating category, or to corporate finance obligation ratings in the categories below ‘CCC’.
The subscript ‘emr’ is appended to a rating to denote embedded market risk which is beyond the scope of the rating. The designation is intended to make clear that the rating solely addresses the counterparty risk of the issuing bank. It is not meant to indicate any limitation in the analysis of the counterparty risk, which in all other respects follows published Fitch criteria for analyzing the issuing financial institution. Fitch does not rate these instruments where the principal is to any degree subject to market risk.
DBRS — Long Term Obligations Rating Scale:
The following descriptions have been published by Dominion Bond Rating Service.
AAA – Highest credit quality. The capacity for the payment of financial obligations is exceptionally high and unlikely to be adversely affected by future events.
AA – Superior credit quality. The capacity for the payment of financial obligations is considered high. Credit quality differs from AAA only to a small degree. Unlikely to be significantly vulnerable to future events.
A – Good credit quality. The capacity for the payment of financial obligations is substantial, but of lesser credit quality than AA. May be vulnerable to future events, but qualifying negative factors are considered manageable.
BBB – Adequate credit quality. The capacity for the payment of financial obligations is considered acceptable. May be vulnerable to future events.
BB – Speculative, non investment-grade credit quality. The capacity for the payment of financial obligations is uncertain. Vulnerable to future events.
B – Highly speculative credit quality. There is a high level of uncertainty as to the capacity to meet financial obligations.
CCC, CC, C – Very highly speculative credit quality. In danger of defaulting on financial obligations. There is little difference between these three categories, although CC and C ratings are normally applied to obligations that are seen as highly likely to default, or subordinated to obligations rated in the CCC to B range. Obligations in respect of which default has not technically taken place but is considered inevitable may be rated in the C category.
D – When the issuer has filed under any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency or winding up statute or there is a failure to satisfy an obligation after the exhaustion of grace periods, a downgrade to D may occur. DBRS may also use SD (Selective Default) in cases where only some securities are impacted, such as the case of a “distressed exchange.”
All rating categories other than AAA and D also contain subcategories “(high)” and “(low)”. The absence of either a “(high)” or “(low)” designation indicates the rating is in the middle of the category.
S&P Global Ratings — Short-Term Issue Credit Ratings:
The following descriptions have been published by Standard & Poor’s Financial Services LLC.
A-1 – A short-term obligation rated ‘A-1’ is rated in the highest category by S&P Global Ratings. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on these obligations is extremely strong.
A-2 – A short-term obligation rated ‘A-2’ is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is satisfactory.
A-3 – A short-term obligation rated ‘A-3’ exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
B – A short-term obligation rated ‘B’ is regarded as vulnerable and has significant speculative characteristics. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments.
C – A short-term obligation rated ‘C’ is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable
business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
D – A short-term obligation rated ‘D’ is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the ‘D’ rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless S&P Global Ratings believes that such payments will be made within any stated grace period. However, any stated grace period longer than five business days will be treated as five business days. The ‘D’ rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. An obligation’s rating is lowered to ‘D’ if it is subject to a distressed exchange offer.
Dual ratings may be assigned to debt issues that have a put option or demand feature. The first component of the rating addresses the likelihood of repayment of principal and interest as due, and the second component of the rating addresses only the demand feature. The first component of the rating can relate to either a short-term or long-term transaction and accordingly use either short-term or long-term rating symbols. The second component of the rating relates to the put option and is assigned a short-term rating symbol (for example, ‘AAA/A-1+’ or ‘A-1+/A-1’). With U.S. municipal short-term demand debt, the U.S. municipal short-term note rating symbols are used for the first component of the rating (for example, ’SP-1+/A-1+’).
Moody’s — Global Short-Term Rating Scale:
The following descriptions have been published by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc.
P-1 – Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-1 have a superior ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
P-2 – Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-2 have a strong ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
P-3 – Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-3 have an acceptable ability to repay short-term obligations.
NP – Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.
Fitch — Short-Term Ratings Assigned to Issuers or Obligations in Corporate, Public and Structured Finance:
The following descriptions have been published by Fitch Inc. and Fitch Ratings Ltd. and its subsidiaries.
F1 – Highest short-term credit quality. Indicates the strongest intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments; may have an added “+” to denote any exceptionally strong credit feature.
F2 – Good short-term credit quality. Good intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments.
F3 – Fair short-term credit quality. The intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is adequate.
B – Speculative short-term credit quality. Minimal capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, plus heightened vulnerability to near term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.
C – High short-term default risk. Default is a real possibility.
RD – Restricted default. Indicates an entity that has defaulted on one or more of its financial commitments, although it continues to meet other financial obligations. Typically applicable to entity ratings only.
D – Default. Indicates a broad-based default event for an entity, or the default of a short-term obligation.
DBRS — Commercial Paper and Short-Term Debt Rating Scale:
The following descriptions have been published by Dominion Bond Rating Service.
R-1 (high) – Highest credit quality. The capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due is exceptionally high. Unlikely to be adversely affected by future events.
R-1 (middle) – Superior credit quality. The capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due is very high. Differs from R-1 (high) by a relatively modest degree. Unlikely to be significantly vulnerable to future events.
R-1 (low) – Good credit quality. The capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due is substantial. Overall strength is not as favourable as higher rating categories. May be vulnerable to future events, but qualifying negative factors are considered manageable.
R-2 (high) – Upper end of adequate credit quality. The capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due is acceptable. May be vulnerable to future events.
R-2 (middle) – Adequate credit quality. The capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due is acceptable. May be vulnerable to future events or may be exposed to other factors that could reduce credit quality.
R-2 (low) – Lower end of adequate credit quality. The capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due is acceptable. May be vulnerable to future events. A number of challenges are present that could affect the issuer’s ability to meet such obligations.
R-3 – Lowest end of adequate credit quality. There is a capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due. May be vulnerable to future events and the certainty of meeting such obligations could be impacted by a variety of developments.
R-4 – Speculative credit quality. The capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due is uncertain.
R-5 – Highly speculative credit quality. There is a high level of uncertainty as to the capacity to meet short-term financial obligations as they fall due.
D – When the issuer has filed under any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency or winding up statute or there is a failure to satisfy an obligation after the exhaustion of grace periods, a downgrade to D may occur. DBRS may also use SD (Selective Default) in cases where only some securities are impacted, such as the case of a “distressed exchange.”
Appendix B
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Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures
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February 2023
| I. | Introduction and General Principles |
| A. | Certain subsidiaries of Neuberger Berman Group LLC (“NB”) have been delegated the authority and responsibility to vote the proxies of their respective investment advisory clients and exercise such responsibility according to these policies and procedures. |
| B. | NB understands that proxy voting is an integral aspect of investment management. Accordingly, proxy voting must be conducted with the same degree of prudence and loyalty accorded any fiduciary or other obligation of an investment manager. |
| C. | NB believes that the following policies and procedures are reasonably expected to ensure that proxy matters are conducted in the best interest of clients, in accordance with NB’s fiduciary duties, applicable rules under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, fiduciary standards and responsibilities for ERISA clients set out in Department of Labor interpretations, the UK Stewardship Code, the Japan Stewardship Code and other applicable laws and regulations. |
| D. | In instances where NB does not have authority to vote client proxies, it is the responsibility of the client to instruct the relevant custody bank or banks to mail proxy material directly to such client. |
| E. | In all circumstances, NB will comply with specific client directions to vote proxies, whether or not such client directions specify voting proxies in a manner that is different from NB’s proxy votes for other client accounts. |
| F. | NB will seek to vote all shares under its authority so long as that action is not in conflict with client instructions. There may be circumstances under which NB may abstain from voting a |
| | client proxy, such as when NB believes voting would not be in clients’ best interests (e.g., not voting in countries with share blocking or meetings in which voting would entail additional costs). NB understands that it must weigh the costs and benefits of voting proxy proposals relating to foreign securities and make an informed decision with respect to whether voting a given proxy proposal is prudent and solely in the interests of the clients and, in the case of an ERISA client and other accounts and clients subject to similar local laws, a plan’s participants and beneficiaries. NB’s decision in such circumstances will take into account the effect that the proxy vote, either by itself or together with other votes, is expected to have on the value of the client’s investment and whether this expected effect would outweigh the cost of voting. |
| II. | Responsibility and Oversight |
| A. | NB has designated a Governance & Proxy Committee (“Proxy Committee”) with the responsibility for: |
| (i) | developing, authorizing, implementing and updating NB’s policies and procedures; |
| (ii) | administering and overseeing the governance and proxy voting processes; and |
| (iii) | engaging and overseeing any third-party vendors as voting delegates to review, monitor and/or vote proxies. |
NB, at the recommendation of the Proxy Committee, has retained Glass, Lewis & Co., LLC (“Glass Lewis”) as its voting delegate.
| B. | The Proxy Committee will meet as frequently and in such manner as necessary or appropriate to fulfill its responsibilities. |
Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures
| C. | The members of the Proxy Committee will be appointed from time to time and will include the Chief Investment Officer (Equities), the Director of Global Equity Research, the Head of ESG Investing, and certain portfolio managers. A senior member of the Legal and Compliance Department will advise the Proxy Committee and may vote as a full member of the Committee if a vote is needed to establish a quorum or in the event that a vote is needed to break a tie. The Director of Investment Stewardship serves in an advisory role to the Proxy Committee but may also vote as a full member of the Committee if a vote is needed to establish a quorum or in the event that a vote is needed to break a tie. |
| D. | In the event that one or more members of the Proxy Committee are not independent with respect to a particular matter, the remaining members of the Proxy Committee shall constitute an ad hoc independent subcommittee of the Proxy Committee, which will have full authority to act upon such matter. |
| III. | Proxy Voting Guidelines |
| A. | The Proxy Committee developed the Governance and Proxy Voting Guidelines (“Voting Guidelines”) based on our Governance and Engagement Principles. These Guidelines are updated as appropriate and generally at least on an annual basis. With input from certain of our investment professionals, the modifications are intended to reflect emerging corporate governance issues and themes. The Proxy Committee recognizes that in certain circumstances it may be in the interests of our clients to deviate from our Voting Guidelines. |
| B. | Our views regarding corporate governance and engagement, and the related stewardship actions, are informed by our ESG Investing group, in consultation with professionals in the Legal & Compliance and Global Equity Research groups, among others. These insightful, experienced and dedicated groups enable us to think strategically about engagement and stewardship priorities. |
| C. | We believe NB’s Voting Guidelines generally represent the voting positions most likely to support our clients’ best economic interests across a range of sectors and contexts. These guidelines are not intended to constrain our consideration of the specific issues facing a particular company on a particular vote, and so there will be times when we deviate from the Voting Guidelines. |
| D. | In the event that a portfolio manager or other investment professional at Neuberger Berman believes that it is in the best interest of a client or clients to vote proxies other than as provided in NB’s Voting Guidelines, the portfolio manager or other investment professional will submit in writing to the Proxy Committee the basis for his or her recommendation. The Proxy Committee will review this recommendation in the context of the specific circumstances of the proxy vote being considered and with the intention of voting in the best interest of our clients. |
| IV. | Proxy Voting Procedures |
| A. | NB will vote client proxies in accordance with a client’s specific request even if it is in a manner inconsistent with NB’s proxy votes for other client accounts. Such specific requests should be made in writing by the individual client or by an authorized officer, representative or named fiduciary of a client. |
| B. | NB has engaged Glass Lewis as its advisor and voting agent to: |
| (i) | provide research on proxy matters; |
| (ii) | in a timely manner, notify NB of and provide additional solicitation materials made available reasonably in advance of a vote deadline; |
| (iii) | vote proxies in accordance with NB’s Voting Guidelines or as otherwise instructed and submit such proxies in a timely manner; |
| (iv) | handle other administrative functions of proxy voting; |
Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures
| (v) | maintain records of proxy statements and additional solicitation materials received in connection with proxy votes and provide copies of such proxy statements promptly upon request; and |
| (vi) | maintain records of votes cast. |
| C. | Except in instances where clients have retained voting authority, NB will instruct custodians of client accounts to forward all proxy statements and materials received in respect of client accounts to Glass Lewis. |
| D. | NB retains final authority and fiduciary responsibility for proxy voting. |
| A. | Glass Lewis will vote proxies in accordance with the Voting Guidelines described in Section III or, in instances where a material conflict has been determined to exist, as Glass Lewis recommends. NB believes that this process is reasonably designed to address material conflicts of interest that may arise in conjunction with proxy voting decisions. Potential conflicts considered by the Proxy Committee when it is determining whether to deviate from NB’s Voting Guidelines include, among others: a material client relationship with the corporate issuer being considered; personal or business relationships between the portfolio managers and an executive officer; director, or director nominee of the issuer; joint business ventures; or a direct transactional relationship between the issuer and senior executives of NB. |
| B. | In the event that an NB Investment Professional believes that it is in the best interest of a client or clients to vote proxies in a manner inconsistent with the Voting Guidelines described in Section III, such NB Investment Professional will contact a member of the Legal & Compliance Department advising the Proxy Committee and complete and sign a questionnaire in the form adopted from time to time. Such questionnaires will require specific information, including the reasons the NB Investment Professional believes a proxy vote in this manner is in the best interest of a client or clients and disclosure of specific ownership, business or personal relationship, or other matters that may raise a potential material conflict of interest with respect to the voting of the proxy. The Proxy Committee will meet with the NB Investment Professional to review the completed questionnaire and consider such other matters as it |
| | deems appropriate to determine that there is no material conflict of interest with respect to the voting of the proxy in the requested manner. The Proxy Committee shall document its consideration of such other matters. In the event that the Proxy Committee determines that such vote will not present a material conflict, the Proxy Committee will make a determination whether to vote such proxy as recommended by the NB Investment Professional. In the event of a determination to vote the proxy as recommended by the NB Investment Professional, an authorized member of the Proxy Committee will instruct Glass Lewis to vote in such manner with respect to the client or clients. In the event that the Proxy Committee determines that the voting of a proxy as recommended by the NB Investment Professional would not be appropriate, the Proxy Committee will: |
| (i) | take no further action, in which case the Committee shall vote such proxy in accordance with the Voting Guidelines; |
| (ii) | disclose such conflict to the client or clients and obtain written direction from the client with respect to voting the proxy; |
| (iii) | suggest that the client or clients engage another party to determine how to vote the proxy; or |
| (iv) | engage another independent third party to determine how to vote the proxy. |
A record of the Proxy Committee’s determinations shall be prepared and maintained in accordance with applicable policies.
| C. | In the event that the Voting Guidelines described in Section III do not address how a proxy should be voted the Proxy Committee will make a determination as to how the proxy should be voted. The Proxy Committee will consider such matters as it deems appropriate to determine how such proxy should be voted, including whether there is a material conflict of interest with respect to the voting of the proxy in accordance with its decision. The Proxy Committee shall document its consideration of such matters, and an authorized member of the Proxy Committee will instruct Glass Lewis to vote in such manner with respect to such client or clients. |
| D. | Material conflicts cannot be resolved by simply abstaining from voting. |
Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures
NB will maintain records relating to the implementation of the Voting Guidelines and these procedures, including:
| (i) | a copy of the Voting Guidelines and these procedures, which shall be made available to clients upon request; |
| (ii) | proxy statements received regarding client securities (which will be satisfied by relying on EDGAR or Glass Lewis); |
| (iii) | a record of each vote cast (which Glass Lewis maintains on NB’s behalf); |
| (iv) | a copy of each questionnaire completed by any NB Investment Professional under Section V above; and |
| (v) | any other document created by NB that was material to a determination regarding the voting of proxies on behalf of clients or that memorializes the basis for that decision. |
Such proxy voting books and records shall be maintained in an easily accessible place, which may include electronic means, for a period of five years, the first two by the Legal & Compliance Department. Material conflicts cannot be resolved by simply abstaining from voting.
| VII. | Engagement and Monitoring |
Consistent with the firm’s active management strategies, NB portfolio managers and members of the Global Equity Research team continuously monitor material investment factors at portfolio companies. NB professionals remain informed of trends and best practices related to the effective fiduciary administration of proxy voting. NB will make revisions to its Voting Guidelines and related procedures document when it determines it is appropriate or when we observe the opportunity to materially improve outcomes for our clients. Additionally, we will regularly undertake a review of selected voting and engagement cases to better learn how to improve the monitoring of our portfolio companies and the effectiveness of our stewardship activities.
Some NB products or client accounts where NB has authority and responsibility to vote the proxies may participate in a securities lending program administered by NB. Where a security is currently on loan ahead of a shareholder meeting, NB will generally attempt to terminate the loan in time to vote those shares. Where a security that is potentially subject to being loaned is eligible to be voted in a stockholder meeting a portfolio manager may restrict the security from lending. NB maintains the list of securities restricted from lending and receives daily updates on upcoming proxy events from the custodian.
Neuberger Berman will publicly disclose all voting records of its co-mingled funds (Undertakings for Collective Investment in Transferable Securities [UCITS] and mutual funds), which can be found at [https://www.nb.com/en/us/esg/nb-votes -- Neuberger Berman cannot publicly disclose vote level records for separate accounts without express permission of the client. Neuberger Berman will publicly disclose aggregate reporting on at least an annual basis for all votes cast across co-mingled and separate accounts. Neuberger Berman welcomes the opportunity to discuss the rationale for a given vote with investee companies as part of our ongoing engagement activities. Neuberger Berman may also choose to provide broad explanations for certain voting positions on important or topical issues in advance of the vote. Additionally, our proxy voting guidelines can be found on our website: https://www .nb.com/en/us/esg/nb-votes.
Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures
Proxy Committee Membership as of January 2023:
Joseph Amato, President and Chief Investment Officer (Equities)
Jonathan Bailey, Head of ESG Investing
Elias Cohen, Portfolio Manager
Timothy Creedon, Director of Global Equity Research
Richard Glasebrook, Portfolio Manager
Brett Reiner, Portfolio Manager
Amit Solomon, Portfolio Manager
Corey Issing*, Legal and Compliance
Caitlin McSherry*, Director of Investment Stewardship
* | | Corey Issing and Caitlin McSherry serve in advisory roles to the Committee. They are ex officio members of the Committee. They will only vote as full members of the Committee if their votes are needed to establish a quorum or in the event that a vote is needed to break a tie vote. |
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