ultra-high-grade Kamoa-Kakula copper deposit, independently ranked as the world’s fourth-largest copper deposit by international mining consultant Wood Mackenzie. Mr. Friedland has led the raising by the current Ivanhoe Mines of more than US$1.9 billion in equity capital since 2011 from strategic partners—including CITIC Metal Group Ltd., Itochu Corp. and Zijin Mining Group Co., Ltd.—to fund the development of Ivanhoe’s major African projects.
In 1992, Mr. Friedland co-founded Diamond Fields Resources, Inc. (“Diamond Fields”), which subsequently discovered the Voisey’s Bay nickel deposit on Canada’s east coast. Operations at Vale’s open-pit mine and concentrator at Voisey’s Bay in Labrador began in 2005. At peak production, the mine will produce about 40,000 tonnes of nickel-in-concentrate per year, which will be processed into finished nickel.
From 1994 to 1996, Mr. Friedland served as Co-Chairman of Diamond Fields. Mr. Friedland was a co-founding principal investor in the establishment of Diamond Fields Resources in 1992 and played a prominent role in the company’s initial public offering on the Toronto Stock Exchange in 1994. Assuming co-chairmanship in 1994 after company-funded exploration discovered high-grade nickel at Voisey’s Bay in Newfoundland & Labrador, on Canada’s East Coast, Mr. Friedland guided financing and investor strategies and led negotiations for the subsequent sale of the tier-one discovery to INCO for C$4.3 billion in 1996.
Also in 1992, Mr. Friedland led the discovery and sale of Fairbanks Gold’s Fort Knox Deposit in Alaska to Amax Gold for US$152 million. Owned by international miner Kinross since 1998, Fort Knox poured its seven-millionth ounce of gold in July 2016, its 20th year of operation.
Gary Gartner, our Chief Financial Officer, is a founding member and Managing Director of Alchemy Capital Planning. Mr. Gartner has also been Senior Counsel at Dentons since February 2018. He has extensive experience counseling clients on the US and international tax consequences of various transactions, restructurings and securities offerings, and advising generally on strategic joint ventures, mergers and acquisitions and a wide array of liquidity transactions. Prior to his joining Alchemy, Gary was Chairman of the Tax Department of the international law firm, Kaye Scholer LLP and served on its Executive Committee. Prior to that, he headed the U.S tax practice at Torys LLP and was an International Principal of Arthur Andersen LLP. Previous to that, he practiced law in both Canada and the United States, focusing on international transactions. Gary holds a Bachelor of Law Degree from the University of Ottawa and a Masters of Law in Taxation from New York University.
Andrew (Andy) Boyd, our Chief Investment Officer and Director, founded Bramalea Partners, LLC (“Bramalea”) in January 2020 after a 15-year career at Fidelity Management & Research Company (“Fidelity”). Bramalea is a technology focused fund manager focusing on the internet, e-commerce, software, artificial intelligence/big data industries and technology-enabled consumer facing applications.
During his career at Fidelity, Mr. Boyd served in a variety of roles, culminating in his role as the Global Head of Equity Capital Markets, and led Fidelity’s entry into private investing. While at Fidelity, Mr. Boyd created and oversaw Fidelity’s private investing team, which led investments totaling more than $14 billion between 2004 and 2019. These included investments in Space Exploration Technologies Corp. (“SpaceX”), Uber Technologies Inc. (NYSE: UBER), Snap Inc. (NYSE: SNAP), Spotify Technology SA (NYSE: SPOT), Facebook (NYSE: FB), Airbnb, Inc., Moderna (Nasdaq: MRNA) and Groupon Inc. (Nasdaq: GRPN).
Prior to his career at Fidelity, Mr. Boyd was a corporate attorney in the Boston office of Goodwin Procter LLP, and prior to that, was an attorney at the prominent Canadian law firm, Davies Ward Phillips Vineberg LLP in Toronto.
In addition to Messrs. Friedland and Boyd, our directors at the completion of the offering will be Christopher Carter, Hirofumi Katase, Francis P. T. Leung and Edward T. Welburn Jr., who collectively bring significant experience in investment banking, technology, government and government relations, industrial design, and the automotive sector.
Christopher Carter, our Director Nominee, has had a lengthy and successful career in banking and investment banking that commenced in 1973 with Hambros Bank Limited. In 1982, Mr. Carter was a