Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | NOTE 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Basis of presentation and principles of consolidation The Company prepares its unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) as determined by the FASB and pursuant to the accounting and disclosure rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its controlled subsidiary, Cipher Mining Technologies. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated. Use of estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period. The most significant estimates inherent in the preparation of the Company’s financial statements include, but are not limited to, those related to equity instruments issued in share-based compensation arrangements, valuations of the derivative asset and warrant liability, useful lives of property and equipment, and the valuation allowance associated with the Company’s deferred tax assets, among others. Making estimates requires management to exercise significant judgment. It is at least reasonably possible that the estimate of the effect of a condition, situation or set of circumstances that existed at the date of the financial statements, which management considered in formulating its estimate, could change in the near term due to one or more future confirming events. Accordingly, actual results could differ significantly from those estimates. Unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP for interim financial information and the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of the Company’s management, these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, which consist of only normal recurring adjustments necessary for the fair presentation of the balances and results for the periods presented. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statement results are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the full fiscal year or any future period. A description of the Company’s significant accounting policies in included in the Company’s 2021 Form 10-K. You should read the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes in the Company’s 2021 Form 10-K. Except as disclosed herein, there has been no material change in the information disclosed in the notes to the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s 2021 Form 10-K. Change in fiscal year Cipher Mining Technologies assumed GWAC’s financial calendar for the combined entity with the third fiscal quarter ending September 30, 2021 and its fiscal year ending December 31, 2021. This change to the fiscal year end was approved by the Company’s board of directors (“Board”) on September 23, 2021. Cipher Mining Technologies’ fiscal year previously ended on January 31. Investment in equity investees The Company accounts for investments using the equity method of accounting if the investments provide the Company the ability to exercise significant influence, but not control, over its investees. Significant influence is generally deemed to exist if the Company has an ownership interest in the voting stock of an investee of between 20 percent and 50 percent, or an ownership interest greater than three to five percent in certain partnerships, unincorporated joint ventures and limited liability companies, although other factors are considered in determining whether the equity method of accounting is appropriate. Under this method, an investment in the common stock of an investee (including a joint venture) shall be initially measured and recorded at cost; however, an investor shall initially measure at fair value an investment in the common stock of an investee (including a joint venture) recognized upon the derecognition of a distinct nonfinancial asset at the time that control over the distinct nonfinancial asset is transferred to the equity investee, such as that which occurs upon the transfer of miners and mining equipment to a joint venture from Cipher. The Company’s investments are subsequently adjusted to recognize the Company’s share of net income or losses as they occur. The Company also adjusts its investment upon receipt of cryptocurrency from an equity investee, which is accounted for as a distribution-in-kind. The Company’s share of investees’ earnings or losses is recorded, net of taxes, within equity in loss of equity investment on the Company’s consolidated statement of operations. Additionally, the Company’s interest in the net assets of its equity method investees is reflected on its consolidated balance sheet. If, upon Cipher’s contribution of nonfinancial assets to a joint venture, there is any difference between the cost of the investment and the amount of the underlying equity in the net assets of the investee, the difference is required to be accounted for as if the investee were a consolidated subsidiary. If the difference is assigned to depreciable or amortizable assets or liabilities, then the difference should be amortized or accreted in connection with the equity earnings based on the Company’s proportionate share of the investee’s net income or loss. If Cipher is unable to relate the difference to specific accounts of the investee, the difference should be considered goodwill. The Company considers whether the fair value of its equity method investments have declined below their carrying values whenever adverse events or changes in circumstances indicate that recorded values may not be recoverable. If the Company considered any such decline to be other than temporary (based on various factors, including historical financial results, success of the mining operations and the overall health of the investee’s industry), then the Company would record a write-down to the estimated fair value. Property and equipment, net Property and equipment consists primarily of construction-in-progress at the Company’s wholly-owned Odessa facility in Texas (the “Odessa Facility”), as well as office and computer equipment and software that is being developed for internal use. Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization are calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which is generally three years for office and computer-related assets and five years for miners. Construction-in-progress consists primarily of leasehold improvements which, when placed into service, will be depreciated in accordance with the lease term of five years . Property and equipment, net consisted of the following (amounts in thousands): September 30, 2022 December 31, 2021 Office and computer equipment $ 88 $ 60 Software 392 - Furniture and fixtures 69 - Miners and mining equipment 26 - Construction-in-progress 40,192 5,069 Total cost of property and equipment 40,767 5,129 Less: accumulated depreciation ( 16 ) ( 5 ) Property and equipment, net $ 40,751 $ 5,124 Depreciation expense was immaterial during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and also during the three and eight months ended September 30, 2021 . Capitalized software costs The Company accounts for the costs of software developed for internal use by capitalizing costs incurred during the application development stage to property and equipment, net on its consolidated balance sheet. Costs related to preliminary project activities and post-implementation activities are expensed as incurred. The Company plans to amortize the capitalized costs of internal-use software on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the asset, which is expected to be three years . The Company will recognize the amortization in the consolidated statements of operations once the software is technologically feasible. Leases The Company accounts for leases in accordance with ASC 842, Leases (“ASC 842”). Accordingly, the Company determines whether an arrangement contains a lease at the inception of the arrangement. If a lease is determined to exist, the term of such lease is assessed based on the date on which the underlying asset is made available for the Company’s use by the lessor. The Company’s assessment of the lease term reflects the non-cancelable term of the lease, inclusive of any rent-free periods and/or periods covered by early-termination options which the Company is reasonably certain of not exercising, as well as periods covered by renewal options which the Company is reasonably certain of exercising. The Company also determines lease classification as either operating or finance at lease commencement, which governs the pattern of expense recognition and the presentation reflected in the consolidated statements of operations over the lease term. For leases with a term exceeding 12 months, a lease liability is recorded on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet at lease commencement reflecting the present value of its fixed minimum payment obligations over the lease term. A corresponding right-of-use (“ROU”) asset equal to the initial lease liability is also recorded, adjusted for any accrued or prepaid rents and/or unamortized initial direct costs incurred in connection with execution of the lease and reduced by any lease incentives received. For purposes of measuring the present value of its fixed payment obligations for a given lease, the Company generally uses its incremental borrowing rate, determined based on information available at lease commencement, as rates implicit in its leasing arrangements are typically not readily determinable. The Company’s incremental borrowing rate reflects the rate it would pay to borrow on a secured basis and incorporates the term and economic environment of the associated lease. ROU assets will be reviewed for impairment, consistent with other long-lived assets, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. For the Company’s operating leases, fixed lease payments are recognized as lease expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. For leases with a term of 12 months or less, any fixed payments are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term and are not recognized on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as an accounting policy election. Leases qualifying for the short-term lease exception are insignificant. Variable lease costs are expensed as incurred and are not included in the measurement of ROU assets and lease liabilities. ASC 842 provides practical expedients for an entity’s ongoing accounting. The Company has elected the practical expedient not to separate lease and non-lease components for all leases, which means all consideration that is fixed, or in-substance fixed, relating to the non-lease components will be captured as part of the Company’s lease components for balance sheet purposes. Cryptocurrencies Cryptocurrencies, including Bitcoin, are included in current assets on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Cryptocurrencies received through the Company’s wholly-owned mining activities will be accounted for in connection with the Company’s revenue recognition policy. Cryptocurrencies awarded to the Company as distributions-in-kind from equity investees are accounted for in accordance with ASC 845, Nonmonetary Transactions , and recorded at fair value upon receipt. Cryptocurrencies held by the Company are accounted for as intangible assets with indefinite useful lives. An intangible asset with an indefinite useful life is not amortized but assessed for impairment annually, or more frequently, when events or changes in circumstances occur indicating that it is more likely than not that the indefinite-lived asset is impaired. Impairment exists when the carrying amount exceeds its fair value. The Company determines the fair value of its cryptocurrencies on a nonrecurring basis in accordance with ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement , based on the lowest intra-day market price of the cryptocurrency at the single Bitcoin level (one Bitcoin). The excess, if any, represents a recognized impairment loss. To the extent an impairment loss is recognized, the loss establishes the new cost basis of the asset. Subsequent reversal of impairment losses is not permitted. The Company recognized impairment charges of $ 0.3 million and $ 0.9 million on its cryptocurrency assets during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. Cryptocurrencies awarded to the Company through its mining activities will be included as an adjustment to reconcile net income to cash used in operating activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows. The proceeds from sales of cryptocurrencies are included within operating activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows and any realized gains or losses from such sales are included in operating income (loss), net in the consolidated statements of operations. The receipt of cryptocurrency as distributions-in-kind from equity investees are included within investing activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows. The Company accounts for its sales of cryptocurrencies in accordance with the first in first out method of accounting. Derivative Accounting Luminant Power Agreement On June 23, 2021 , the Company entered into a power purchase agreement with Luminant ET Services Company LLC (“Luminant”), which was subsequently amended and restated on July 9, 2021 , and further amended on February 28, 2022 (the “February Amendment”) and August 26, 2022 (the “August Amendment”), for the supply of a fixed amount of electric power to the Odessa Facility at a fixed price for a term of five years with a subsequent automatic annual renewal provision (as amended, the “Luminant Power Agreement”). Cipher is expecting to receive interconnection approval from the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (“ERCOT”) this year, which will allow the Company to commence mining Bitcoin at the Odessa Facility. Starting from July 1, 2022 , under the take or pay framework of the Luminant Power Agreement and pursuant to the ramp-up schedule agreed to between Luminant and Cipher as part of the February Amendment and amended under the August Amendment, Luminant began sales of the scheduled energy in the ERCOT market. Because ERCOT allows for net settlement, the Company’s management determined that, as of July 1, 2022, the Luminant Power Agreement meets the definition of a derivative under ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”). Because the Company has the ability to sell its electricity in the ERCOT market rather than take physical delivery, physical delivery is not probable through the entirety of the contract and therefore, the Company’s management does not believe the normal purchases and normal sales scope exception applies to the Luminant Power Agreement. Accordingly, the Luminant Power Agreement (the non-hedging derivative contract) is recorded at an estimated fair value each reporting period with the change in the fair value recorded in change in fair value of derivative asset in the consolidated statements of operations. See additional information regarding valuation of the Luminant Power Agreement derivative in Note 3. Depending on the spot market price of electricity, the Company may opportunistically sell electricity in the ERCOT market in exchange for cash payments, rather than utilizing the power to mine for cryptocurrency at the Odessa Facility during peak times in order to most efficiently manage the Company’s operating costs. The Company, through Luminant, sold $ 1.7 million in electricity during the three months ended September 30, 2022. These power sales were recorded as part of the change in fair value of derivative asset in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 . Once the Company begins cryptocurrency mining at the Odessa Facility, costs under the Luminant Power Agreement will be recorded in cost of revenues in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. Income (loss) per share Basic net income (loss) per share of Common Stock is computed by dividing net income (loss) allocated to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income (loss) per common share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue Common Stock were exercised or converted into Common Stock or resulted in the issuance of Common Stock that then shared in the earnings of the entity. Dilutive potential common shares include the Company’s outstanding Public Warrants (as defined in Note 13) and Private Placement Warrants (as defined in Note 13) that were sold by GWAC in its initial public offering or concurrent with its initial public offering, respectively, and assumed by the Company as of the Effective Date of the Business Combination, as well as unvested restricted stock units (“RSUs”). For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the dilutive effect of RSUs was calculated using the treasury stock method. For warrants that are liability-classified, during periods when the impact is dilutive, the Company assumes share settlement of the instruments as of the beginning of the reporting period and adjusts the numerator to remove the change in fair value of the warrant liability and adjusts the denominator to include the dilutive shares calculated using the treasury stock method. The Company’s potential common shares have been excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per common share for the three and eight months ended September 30, 2021, as the effect would be to reduce the net loss per common share. The following is a reconciliation of the numerator and denominator of the diluted net income (loss) per share computations for the periods indicated below: Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended Eight Months Ended 2022 2021 September 30, 2022 September 30, 2021 Basic and diluted income (loss) per share: Net income (loss) $ 59,292 $ ( 2,421 ) $ 12,574 $ ( 3,082 ) Weighted average shares outstanding - basic 247,508,745 217,644,991 248,461,373 206,708,013 Add: RSUs 833,455 - 321,292 - Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted 248,342,200 217,644,991 248,782,665 206,708,013 Net income (loss) per share - basic $ 0.24 $ ( 0.01 ) $ 0.05 $ ( 0.01 ) Net income (loss) per share - diluted $ 0.24 $ ( 0.01 ) $ 0.05 $ ( 0.01 ) The following table presents the common shares that are excluded from the computation of diluted net income (loss) per common share at September 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021, because including them would have been antidilutive. September 30, 2022 September 30, 2021 Public Warrants 8,499,980 8,500,000 Private Placement Warrants 114,000 114,000 Unvested RSUs 15,364,457 - 23,978,437 8,614,000 Recently issued and adopted accounting pronouncements In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes , which is intended to simplify various aspects related to accounting for income taxes. The new guidance removes certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740 and also clarifies and amends existing guidance to improve consistent application. The Company adopted this guidance on January 1, 2022 with no impact to the Company’s consolidated financial statements upon adoption. In May 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-04, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Debt-Modifications and Extinguishments (Subtopic 470-50), Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718), and Derivatives and Hedging-Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40) . ASU 2021-04 reduces diversity in an issuer’s accounting for modifications or exchanges of freestanding equity-classified written call options (for example, warrants) that remain equity classified after modification or exchange. ASU 2021-04 provides guidance for a modification or an exchange of a freestanding equity-classified written call option that is not within the scope of another Topic. It specifically addresses: (1) how an entity should treat a modification of the terms or conditions or an exchange of a freestanding equity-classified written call option that remains equity classified after modification or exchange; (2) how an entity should measure the effect of a modification or an exchange of a freestanding equity-classified written call option that remains equity classified after modification or exchange; and (3) how an entity should recognize the effect of a modification or an exchange of a freestanding equity-classified written call option that remains equity classified after modification or exchange. An entity should apply the amendments prospectively to modifications or exchanges occurring on or after the effective date of the amendments. ASU 2021-04 was effective for the Company on January 1, 2022 and there was no impact on the Company’s financial statements or disclosures upon adoption. No other new accounting pronouncement issued or effective during the fiscal year had or is expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements or disclosures. |