Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Organization and Description of Business Proterra Inc (“Proterra”), formerly known as ArcLight Clean Transition Corp. (“ArcLight”), is a leading developer and producer of electric vehicle technology for commercial applications. Proterra designs, develops, manufactures, and sells electric transit buses as an original equipment manufacturer for North American public transit agencies, airports, universities, and other commercial transit fleets. It also designs, develops, manufactures, sells, and integrates proprietary battery systems and electrification solutions for global commercial vehicle manufacturers. Additionally, Proterra provides fleet-scale, high-power charging infrastructure solutions for its customers. On June 11, 2021, ArcLight filed a notice of deregistration with the Cayman Islands Registrar of Companies, and filed a certificate of incorporation and a certificate of corporate domestication with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, under which ArcLight was domesticated and continued as a Delaware corporation. On June 14, 2021 (the “Closing Date”), ArcLight consummated a merger with Phoenix Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a wholly-owned subsidiary of ArcLight (“Phoenix Merger Sub”), and Proterra Inc, a Delaware corporation (“Legacy Proterra”) with Legacy Proterra surviving as the surviving company and as a wholly-owned subsidiary of ArcLight (the “Merger” and, collectively with the other transactions described in the Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”), the “Business Combination”). In connection with the Business Combination, Legacy Proterra changed its name to “Proterra Operating Company, Inc.” and ArcLight changed its name to “Proterra Inc”. The Merger was accounted for as a reverse merger and a recapitalization with Legacy Proterra being the accounting acquirer. Accordingly, all historical financial information presented in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of Proterra represents the accounts of Legacy Proterra and its wholly owned subsidiaries as if Legacy Proterra is the predecessor to Proterra. The shares and net loss per common share, prior to the Merger, have been retroactively restated as shares reflecting the exchange ratio established in the Merger (0.8925 shares of Legacy Proterra common stock for 1 share of Proterra common stock) (the “Exchange Ratio”). Unless otherwise specified or unless the context otherwise requires, references in these notes to the “Company” refer to Legacy Proterra prior to the Business Combination and to Proterra following the Business Combination. Prior to the closing of the Business Combination (the “Closing”), ArcLight’s Class A ordinary shares and public warrants were listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbols “ACTC” and “ACTCW,” respectively. Proterra’s common stock is currently listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “PTRA”. Please refer to Note 3 “Reverse Recapitalization” for further details of the Merger. The Company’s public warrants were previously listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “PTRAW.” On October 29, 2021, the Company redeemed its remaining outstanding public warrants at a redemption price of $0.10 per public warrant. See Note 14, Subsequent events. The Company has incurred net losses and negative cash flows from operations since inception. As of September 30, 2021, the Company has an accumulated deficit of $813.1 million. The Company has $727.5 million of cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments as of September 30, 2021. The Company has funded operations primarily through a combination of equity and debt financing. Management believes that the Company’s currently available resources will be sufficient to fund its cash requirements for at least the next twelve months. Basis of Presentation The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) and the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). The Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated upon consolidation. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. Accordingly, these condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2020 and the related notes incorporated by referenced in the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with SEC on June 17, 2021, which provides a more complete discussion of the Company’s accounting policies and certain other information. The information as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 was derived from the Company’s audited financial statements. The condensed consolidated financial statements were prepared on the same basis as the audited financial statements and, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments, which include only normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the Company’s financial position as of September 30, 2021 and the results of operations and cash flows for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2021. There have been no changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies described in the annual financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2020, except for the new accounting policies adopted during the three months ended June 30, 2021 related to public warrants and private placement warrants described below, that have had a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes. The Company has not experienced any significant impact to estimates or assumptions as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there have been some impacts, specifically as it relates to parts, logistics and overall transit order timing. The Company will continue to monitor impacts of the pandemic on an ongoing basis. While the COVID-19 pandemic has not had a material adverse impact on the Company’s financial condition and results of operations to date, the future impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Company’s operational and financial performance will depend on certain developments, including the duration of the pandemic and spread of COVID-19 (including the variant strains of the virus), impact on the Company’s customers and effect on the Company’s suppliers, all of which are uncertain and cannot be predicted. Segments The Company operates in the United States and has sales to the European Union, Canada, Australia and Japan. Revenue disaggregated by geography, based on the addresses of our customers, consists of the following (in thousands): Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 2020 2021 2020 United States 59,482 42,709 163,972 104,612 Rest of World 2,459 4,828 10,477 38,184 61,941 47,537 174,449 142,796 The revenue generated outside of the United States in 2020 was mainly from sales to customers in Canada. The Company’s chief operating decision maker is its Chief Executive Officer (CEO), who reviews financial information presented at the entity level. Accordingly, the Company has determined that it has a single reportable segment. Foreign Currency Transactions Net gains or losses resulting from foreign exchange transactions were not material for all periods presented. Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. The Company determines the allowance for credit losses based on historical write-off experience, an analysis of the aging of outstanding receivables, customer payment patterns and expectations of changes in macroeconomic conditions that may affect the collectability of outstanding receivables. The allowance for credit losses was not material as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020. Short-Term Investments The Company’s primary objectives for investment activities are to preserve principal, provide liquidity, and maximize income without significantly increasing risk. The Company’s short-term investments were primarily comprised of U.S. Treasury and corporate debt securities, and classified as available-for-sale at the time of purchase because it is intended that these investments are available for current operations. Investments are reported at fair value and are subject to periodic impairment review. Unrealized gains and losses related to changes in the fair value of these securities will be recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss. The ultimate value realized on these securities is subject to market price volatility until they are sold. Realized gains or losses from short-term investments are recorded in other expense (income), net. Restricted Cash The Company maintains certain cash amounts restricted as to withdrawal or use. The restricted cash is primarily collateral for performance bonds issued to certain customers. The collateral is provided in the form of a cash deposit to either support the bond directly or to collateralize a letter of credit that supports the performance bonds. Restricted cash was $12.6 million and $13.0 million as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. Credit Risk and Concentration The Company’s financial instruments that are potentially subject to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, short-term investments, and accounts receivable. Cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments are maintained primarily at a financial institution as of September 30, 2021, and deposits exceed federally insured limits. Risks associated with cash and cash equivalents, and short-term investments are mitigated by banking with creditworthy financial institutions. The Company has not experienced any losses on its deposits of cash and cash equivalents or its short-term investments. Cash equivalents and short-term investments consist of short-term money market funds, corporate debt securities, and debt securities issued by the U.S. Treasury, which are deposited with reputable financial institutions. The Company’s cash management and investment policy limits investment instruments to investment-grade securities with the objective to preserve capital and to maintain liquidity until the funds can be used in business operations. Accounts receivable are typically unsecured and are generally derived from revenue earned from transit agencies, universities and airports in North America and global commercial vehicle manufacturers in North America, the European Union, Australia and Japan. The Company periodically evaluates the collectability of its accounts receivable and provides an allowance for potential credit losses as necessary. Given the large order value for customers and the relatively low number of customers, revenue and accounts receivable have typically been concentrated with a limited number of customers. Revenue Accounts Receivable Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, September 30, December 31, 2021 2020 2021 2020 2021 2020 Number of customers accounted for 10% or more* 2 4 — 4 2 2 __________________ * One customer accounted for 33% of accounts receivable, net as of December 31, 2020. No other individual customer accounted for more than 20% of the Company's revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, or accounts receivable as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020. Single source suppliers provide the Company with a number of components that are required for manufacturing of its current products. In other instances, although there may be multiple suppliers available, many of the components are purchased from a single source. If these single source suppliers fail to meet the Company’s requirements on a timely basis at competitive prices, the Company could suffer manufacturing delays, a possible loss of revenue, or incur higher cost of sales, any of which could adversely impact the Company’s operating results. Fair Value of Financial Instruments The carrying value of the Company’s financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, short-term investments, accounts payable, and accrued and other current liabilities, approximates fair value due to the short period of time to maturity, receipt, or payment. The carrying amount of the Company’s debt, except for Convertible Notes (as defined below), approximates its fair value as the stated interest rates approximate market rates currently available to the Company. In August 2020, the Company issued Secured Convertible Promissory Notes (the “Convertible Notes”) that, prior to the Closing, contained embedded features subject to derivative accounting. These embedded features were composed of conversion options that had the economic characteristics of a contingent early redemption feature settled in a variable number of shares of the Company’s stock. These conversion options were bifurcated and accounted for as a derivative liability separately from the host debt instrument. Embedded derivatives were recognized as a derivative liability on the balance sheet. The derivative liability was measured at fair value and subject to remeasurement at each balance sheet date. Upon the consummation of the Merger, the embedded conversion features associated with the Convertible Notes no longer qualify for derivative accounting after the conversion price became fixed. The carrying amount of the embedded derivative, the fair value as of the date of the Closing, was reclassified to stockholders’ equity in accordance with Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging. The warrants issued in connection with the Convertible Notes were, prior to the Closing, classified as a liability (“legacy Proterra warrant liability”) because they could become exercisable into common stock upon a Qualified Initial Public Offering (“QIPO”) or into convertible preferred stock after 5 years from issuance date in the event that there was no QIPO during such period. Such warrants were measured at fair value, subject to remeasurement at each balance sheet date. Upon exercise of the warrants to common stock within 5 years from issuance date, the carrying amount of the warrant liability would be reclassified to stockholders’ equity. Upon the consummation of the Merger, the stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants is common stock, with no possibility to convert to Legacy Proterra convertible preferred stock. As a result, the carrying amount of the warrant liability was reclassified to stockholders’ equity. In connection with ArcLight’s initial public offering in September 2020, 21,425,000 warrants to purchase ArcLight ordinary shares were issued, including 13,875,000 public warrants and 7,550,000 private placement warrants. These warrants were classified as liabilities as they did not meet the requirements for equity classification under Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging. These warrants were continually measured at fair value, subject to remeasurement at each balance sheet date. Inventories Inventories are recorded at the lower of cost and net realizable value using the first-in, first-out method. Inventory costs consist primarily of the cost of materials, manufacturing support costs, including labor and factory overhead associated with such production, and shipping costs. The costs of vehicles, charger equipment or prototype products delivered to customers that have not yet met revenue recognition criteria are also included in inventories. The Company assesses the valuation of inventory and periodically records a provision to adjust inventory to its estimated net realizable value, including when the Company determines inventory to be obsolete or in excess of anticipated demand. Once inventory has been written-off or written-down, it creates a new cost basis for the inventory that is not subsequently written-up. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets The Company evaluates the recoverability of property, plant, and equipment and right-of-use assets for possible impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. Recoverability of these assets is measured by a comparison of the carrying amounts to the future undiscounted cash flows the assets are expected to generate. If such review indicates that the carrying amount of long-lived assets is not recoverable, the carrying amount of such assets is reduced to fair value. In addition to the recoverability assessment, the Company periodically reviews the remaining estimated useful lives of property, plant, and equipment. If the estimated useful life assumption for any asset is reduced, the remaining net book value is depreciated over the revised estimated useful life. The Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment at the lowest level for which separate cash flows can be identified. No impairment charge was recognized in the three or six months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020. Deferred Revenue Deferred revenue consists of billings or payments received in advance of revenue recognition that are recognized as revenue once the revenue recognition criteria are met. In some instances, progress billings are issued upon meeting certain milestones stated in the contracts. Accordingly, the deferred revenue balance does not represent the total contract value of non-cancelable arrangements. Invoices are typically due within 30 to 40 days. The changes in deferred revenue consisted of the following (in thousands): Deferred revenue as of December 31, 2020 $ 28,221 Revenue recognized from beginning balance during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 (11,774) Deferred revenue added during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 11,101 Deferred revenue as of September 30, 2021 $ 27,548 The current portion of deferred revenue represents the amount that is expected to be recognized as revenue within one year from the balance sheet date. Revenue Recognition The Company derives revenue primarily from the sale of vehicles and charging systems, the installation of charging systems, the sale of battery systems and powertrain components to other vehicle manufacturers, as well as the sale of spare parts and other services provided to customers. Product revenue consists of revenue earned from vehicles and charging systems, battery systems and powertrain components, installation of charging systems, and revenue from leased vehicles, charging systems, and batteries under operating leases. Leasing revenue recognized over time was approximately $0.5 million in each of the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, and $1.6 million and $1.8 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Parts and other service revenue includes revenue earned from spare parts, the design and development of battery systems and drive systems for other vehicle manufacturers, and extended warranties. Goods and services that are promised in the Company’s contracts include vehicles, charging systems, battery systems and powertrain components to other vehicle manufacturers, installation of charging systems, spare parts, and extended warranty. The Company assesses the products and services promised in contracts at contract inception, and identifies performance obligations for each promise to transfer to the customer a product or service that is distinct. If a product or service is separately identifiable from other items in the bundled arrangement and a customer can benefit from the product or service on its own or with other resources that are readily available to the customer, then such product or service is considered distinct. Customer contracts typically have multiple performance obligations. Generally, the Company’s goods and services are considered separate performance obligations. Development services are typically sold on a stand-alone basis and are not bundled with other goods or services. The transaction price of the contract is allocated to each performance obligation in a manner depicting the amount of consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring the goods or services to the customer (the “allocation objective”). If the allocation objective is met at contractual prices, no further allocations are made. Otherwise, the Company allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation identified in the contract on a relative standalone selling price basis. To determine the standalone selling price of its promised products or services, the Company conducts an analysis to determine whether its products or services have an observable standalone selling price. In determining the observable standalone selling price, the Company requires that a substantial majority of the standalone selling prices for a product or service fall within a reasonably narrow range. If there is no directly observable standalone selling price for a particular product or service, then the Company estimates a standalone selling price by using the estimated cost plus margin or by reviewing external and internal market factors including, but not limited to, pricing practices including historical discounting, major service groups, and the geographies in which the Company offers products and services. The Company recognizes revenue when or as it satisfies a performance obligation by transferring control of a product or service to a customer. Revenue from product sales is recognized when control of the underlying performance obligations is transferred to the customer. Revenue from vehicles and charging systems, and installation of charging systems is typically recognized upon acceptance by the customer. Under certain contract arrangements, the control of the performance obligations related to the charging systems is transferred over time, and the associated revenue is recognized over the installation period using an input measure based on costs incurred to date relative to total estimated costs to completion. Spare parts revenue is recognized upon shipment. Extended warranty revenue is recognized over the life of the extended warranty using the time elapsed method. Development service contracts typically include the delivery of prototype products to customers. The performance obligation associated with the development of prototype products as well as battery systems and powertrain components to other vehicle manufacturers, is satisfied at a point in time, typically upon shipping. Revenue derived from performance obligations satisfied over time from charging systems and installation was $0.2 million and $1.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $5.3 million and $2.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Extended warranty revenue is not material to date. As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the contract assets balance was $1.3 million and $2.8 million, respectively. The contract assets are expected to be billed within the next twelve months and are recorded in prepaid expenses and other current assets on the balance sheets. As of September 30, 2021, the amount of remaining performance obligations that have not been recognized as revenue was $305.9 million, of which 80% were expected to be recognized as revenue over the next 12 months and the remainder thereafter. This amount excludes the value of remaining performance obligations for contracts with an original expected length of one year or less. While our business has historically been centered on the development and sale of electric transit buses, the increased significance of revenue from Proterra Powered has caused the Company to consider reorganizing into two business units with three business lines, each of which addresses a critical component of the commercial vehicle electrification value proposition in a complementary and self-reinforcing manner: • Proterra Transit designs, develops, manufactures, and sells electric transit buses as an original equipment manufacturer (“OEM”) for North American public transit agencies, airports, universities, and other commercial transit fleets. • Proterra Powered & Energy includes Proterra Powered, which designs, develops, manufactures, sells, and integrates proprietary battery systems and electrification solutions into vehicles for global commercial vehicle OEMs, and Proterra Energy, which provides turnkey fleet-scale, high-power charging solutions and software services, ranging from fleet and energy management software-as-a-service, to fleet planning, hardware, infrastructure, installation, utility engagement, and charging optimization. The revenue of business units are as follows (in thousands): Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 2020 2021 2020 Proterra Transit $ 50,175 $ 30,026 $ 140,187 $ 112,870 Proterra Powered & Energy 11,766 17,511 34,262 29,926 Total $ 61,941 $ 47,537 $ 174,449 $ 142,796 Lease Arrangements The Company offers customers leasing alternatives outside of the standard sales contracts for vehicles, charging equipment and batteries used in the vehicles. The leasing arrangements are typically bundled together with the sales contracts. The Company assessed the nature of the bundled arrangements under the revenue accounting standard. For arrangements that contain a lease, the Company determines the classification of the lease in accordance with Topic 842, Leases. A lease arrangement that transfers substantially all of the benefits and risks incident to ownership of the products is classified as a sales-type lease based on the criteria established by the accounting standard; otherwise the lease is classified as an operating lease. For sales-type leases, product revenue is recognized upon customer acceptance of the underlying leased assets. The current portion of net investment in sales-type leases is recorded in Accounts Receivable, and the non-current portion is recorded in Other Assets on the Company’s balance sheets. The discounted unguaranteed residual value of underlying leased assets is not material to the net investment in lease balance. For operating leases, the leasing revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term, which is commenced upon customer acceptance. The Company monitors the performance of customers who have leased batteries and are subject to ongoing payments. No allowance was recorded for the receivables under the leasing arrangements. Product Warranties The Company provides a limited warranty to customers on vehicles, charging systems, and battery systems. The limited warranty ranges from one Warranty expense is recorded as a component of cost of goods sold. Accrued warranty activity consisted of the following (in thousands): Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 Warranty reserve - beginning of period $ 18,582 Warranty costs incurred (5,650) Net changes in liability for pre-existing warranties, including expirations (1,663) Provision for warranty 10,243 Warranty reserve - end of period $ 21,512 |