Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses | (4) Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses Major classifications of loans, by collateral code, at December 31, 2021 and 2020 are summarized as follows: (in thousands) December 31, 2021 December 31, 2020 Commercial (secured by real estate) $ 262,704 178,571 Commercial and industrial 152,835 155,554 Paycheck Protection Program loans 17,883 101,749 Construction, land and acquisition & development 16,317 23,571 Residential mortgage 1-4 family 63,065 91,777 Consumer installment 71,580 47,393 584,384 598,615 Less allowance for loan losses ( 8,559 ) ( 6,361 ) $ 575,825 $ 592,254 The Bank grants loans and extensions of credit to individuals and a variety of firms and corporations located primarily in the Atlanta, Georgia MSA. A substantial portion of the loan portfolio is collateralized by improved and unimproved real estate and is dependent upon the real estate market. The Bank has a specialized expertise in lending to dentists and dental practices, with dental practice loans totaling $ 179.8 million, or 30.6 %, and $ 170.8 million, or 29.2 % of our loan portfolio, as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. With the acquisition of Affinity Bank, the Bank is a premier lender within professional markets, with a primary focus on the dental industry in Georgia and adjoining states. The majority of these loans are commercial and industrial credits for practice acquisitions and equipment financing with the remainder being owner-occupied real estate. The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act, also known as the CARES Act, is an economic stimulus bill signed into law on March 27, 2020, in response to the economic fallout of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. The creation of the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) enacted under the CARES Act provides forgivable loans to small businesses for payroll obligations, emergency grants to cover immediate operating costs, and a mechanism for loan forgiveness by the Small Business Administration should all criteria be met. The Bank received SBA authorization for 1,901 PPP loans totaling $ 196.4 million during 2021 and 2020. These loans are fully guaranteed by the Small Business Administration. Qualifying loans in the amount of approximately $ 343.6 million and $ 309.9 million were pledged to secure the line of credit from the FHLB at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The following table presents the balance in the allowance for loan losses and the recorded investment in loans by portfolio segment and based on impairment method as of December 31, 2021 and 2020: (in thousands) December 31, 2021 Commercial Commercial Paycheck Protection Program (1) Construction, Residential Consumer Unallocated Total Allowance for loan losses: Beginning balance $ 3,084 1,320 — 224 970 719 44 6,361 Provision 290 1,119 — ( 62 ) ( 541 ) 310 ( 41 ) 1,075 Charge-offs — ( 234 ) — — — ( 76 ) — ( 310 ) Recoveries 1,307 37 — — 73 16 — 1,433 Ending balance $ 4,681 2,242 — 162 502 969 3 8,559 Ending allowance attributable to loans: Individually evaluated for impairment $ 1 1 — — 5 — — 7 Collectively evaluated for impairment 4,680 2,241 — 162 497 969 3 8,552 Total ending allowance $ 4,681 $ 2,242 $ — $ 162 $ 502 $ 969 $ 3 $ 8,559 Loans: Individually evaluated for impairment $ 3,482 753 — — 2,992 1 — 7,228 Collectively evaluated for impairment 259,222 152,082 17,883 16,317 60,073 71,579 — 577,156 Total loans $ 262,704 152,835 17,883 16,317 63,065 71,580 — 584,384 December 31, 2020 Allowance for loan losses: Beginning balance $ 1,661 1,478 — 153 369 466 7 4,134 Provision 1,207 ( 194 ) — 71 627 252 37 2,000 Charge-offs ( 30 ) - — — ( 126 ) ( 29 ) — ( 185 ) Recoveries 246 36 — — 100 30 — 412 Ending balance $ 3,084 1,320 — 224 970 719 44 6,361 Ending allowance attributable to loans: Individually evaluated for impairment $ 2 35 — — 14 — — 51 Collectively evaluated for impairment 3,082 1,285 — 224 956 719 44 6,310 Total ending allowance $ 3,084 $ 1,320 $ — $ 224 $ 970 $ 719 $ 44 $ 6,361 Loans: Individually evaluated for impairment $ 2,584 1,085 — — 3,597 8 — 7,274 Collectively evaluated for impairment 175,987 154,469 101,749 23,571 88,180 47,385 — 591,341 Total loans $ 178,571 155,554 101,749 23,571 91,777 47,393 — 598,615 (1) Consists of loans that are fully guaranteed by the SBA; thus, no allowance for loan losses has been allocated to these loans. The Bank individually evaluates all loans for impairment that are on nonaccrual status or are rated substandard (as described below). Additionally, all troubled debt restructurings are evaluated for impairment. A loan is considered impaired when, based on current events and circumstances, it is probable that all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan will not be collected. Impaired loans are measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows, discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, at the loan’s observable market price, or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. Interest payments received on impaired loans are applied as a reduction of the outstanding principal balance. Impaired loans At December 31, 2021 and 2020 were as follows: (in thousands) December 31, 2021 Recorded Unpaid Allocated Average Interest With no related allowance recorded: Commercial (secured by real estate) $ 3,294 3,294 — 3,277 51 Commercial and industrial 388 421 — 458 — Construction, land and acquisition & development — — — — — Residential mortgage 2,052 2,052 — 2,110 31 Consumer installment 1 1 — 3 — 5,735 5,768 — 5,848 82 With an allowance recorded: Commercial (secured by real estate) 188 189 1 192 12 Commercial and industrial 365 365 1 379 — Construction, land and acquisition & development — — — — — Residential mortgage 940 941 5 960 60 Consumer installment — — — — — 1,493 1,495 7 1,531 72 Total impaired loans $ 7,228 7,263 7 7,379 154 December 31, 2020 With no related allowance recorded: Commercial (secured by real estate) $ 1,136 2,232 — 1,138 42 Commercial and industrial 395 395 — 395 — Construction, land and acquisition & development — — — — — Residential mortgage 1,986 1,987 — 2,041 9 Consumer installment 8 8 — 9 1 3,525 4,622 — 3,583 52 With an allowance recorded: Commercial (secured by real estate) 1,448 1,449 2 — 91 Commercial and industrial 690 690 35 1,481 6 Construction, land and acquisition & development — — — 727 — Residential mortgage 1,611 1,613 14 — 73 Consumer installment — — — 1,634 — 3,749 3,752 51 3,842 170 Total impaired loans $ 7,274 8,374 51 7,425 222 The following table presents the aging of the recorded investment in past due loans, as well as the recorded investment in nonaccrual loans, as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 by class of loans: (in thousands) December 31, 2021 30 -59 60- 89 90 Days or Total Current Total Nonaccrual Commercial (secured by real estate) $ — — 3,200 3,200 259,504 262,704 3,200 Commercial and industrial 338 — 813 1,151 151,684 152,835 813 Paycheck Protection Program — — — — 17,883 17,883 — Construction, land and acquisition & — — — — 16,317 16,317 — Residential mortgage 4,094 1,711 321 6,126 56,939 63,065 2,873 Consumer installment 289 45 — 334 71,246 71,580 125 Total $ 4,721 1,756 4,334 10,811 573,573 584,384 7,011 December 31, 2020 Commercial (secured by real estate) $ 3,386 — 1,136 4,522 174,049 178,571 1,157 Commercial and industrial 29 — 1,085 1,114 154,440 155,554 1,085 Paycheck Protection Program — — — — 101,749 101,749 — Construction, land and acquisition & 1,392 — — 1,392 22,179 23,571 — Residential mortgage 4,308 1,094 1,444 6,846 84,931 91,777 2,587 Consumer installment 78 — 73 151 47,242 47,393 73 Total $ 9,193 1,094 3,738 14,025 584,590 598,615 4,902 There were no loans past due over 90 days and still accruing interest as of December 31, 2021 and 2020. The table below presents information on troubled debt restructurings including the number of loan contracts restructured and the pre- and post-modification recorded investment that have occurred during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. Also included in the table are the number of contracts and the recorded investment for those trouble debt restructurings that have subsequently defaulted during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020: (in thousands) Pre- Post- Troubled Debt December 31, 2021 Number of Recorded Recorded Number of Recorded Residential mortgage 1 $ 71 71 — — December 31, 2020 Residential mortgage 1 $ 31 31 — — The Bank has allocated an allowance for loan losses of approximately $ 6,000 and $ 17,000 to customers whose loan terms have been modified in troubled debt restructurings as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The CARES Act provides temporary relief from accounting for certain pandemic-related loan modifications as a troubled debt restructuring. During the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2021 the Bank has granted short-term deferrals on 744 loans totaling $ 189.6 million that were otherwise performing. All of these loans but one has returned to normal performing status as of December 31, 2021. This loan is in nonaccrual status. There were no outstanding modifications that were excluded from TDR classification based on this law as of December 31, 2021. The Bank categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information and current economic trends, among other factors. The Bank analyzes loans individually by classifying the loans as to credit risk. This analysis is performed on a continuous basis. The Bank uses the following definitions for its risk ratings: Special Mention. Loans have potential weaknesses that may, if not corrected, weaken or inadequately protect the Bank's credit position at some future date. Weaknesses are generally the result of deviation from prudent lending practices, such as over advances on collateral. Credits in this category should, within a 12 month period, move to Pass if improved or drop to Substandard if poor trends continue. Substandard. Inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or by the collateral pledged, if any. Loans have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses such as primary source of repayment is gone or severely impaired or cash flow is insufficient to reduce debt. There is a distinct possibility that the Bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Doubtful. Loans have weaknesses of those classified Substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full highly questionable and improbable. The likelihood of a loss on an asset or portion of an asset classified Doubtful is high. Loss. Loans considered uncollectible and of such little value that the continuance as a Bank asset is not warranted. This does not mean that the loan has no recovery or salvage value, but rather the asset should be charged off even though partial recovery may be possible in the future. Loans not meeting the criteria above that are analyzed individually as part of the above described process are considered to be Pass rated loans. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, and based on the most recent analysis performed, the risk category of loans by class of loans is as follows: (in thousands) December 31, 2021 Pass Special Substandard Doubtful/ Total Commercial (secured by real estate) $ 256,541 2,742 3,421 — 262,704 Commercial and industrial 151,983 — 852 — 152,835 Paycheck Protection Program 17,883 — — — 17,883 Construction, land and acquisition & development 16,005 312 — — 16,317 Residential mortgage 59,080 — 3,985 — 63,065 Consumer installment 71,440 — 140 — 71,580 Total $ 572,932 3,054 8,398 — 584,384 December 31, 2020 Pass Special Substandard Doubtful/ Total Commercial (secured by real estate) $ 176,629 785 1,157 — 178,571 Commercial and industrial 154,469 — 1,085 — 155,554 Paycheck Protection Program 101,749 — — — 101,749 Construction, land and acquisition & development 23,571 — — — 23,571 Residential mortgage 87,738 62 3,977 — 91,777 Consumer installment 47,332 — 61 — 47,393 Total $ 591,488 847 6,280 — 598,615 |