Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses | (3) Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses Major classifications of loans, by collateral code, at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 are summarized as follows:(in thousands) September 30, 2024 December 31, 2023 Commercial (secured by real estate - owner occupied) $ 158,189 $ 157,691 Commercial (secured by real estate - non-owner occupied) 158,250 145,100 Commercial and industrial 146,863 140,407 Construction, land and acquisition & development 63,717 47,685 Residential mortgage 1-4 family 52,684 53,650 Consumer installment 117,869 115,343 Total 697,572 659,876 Less allowance for credit losses ( 8,398 ) ( 8,921 ) Total loans, net $ 689,174 $ 650,955 The Bank grants loans and extensions of credit to individuals and a variety of firms and corporations located primarily in the Atlanta, Georgia Metropolitan Statistical Area. A substantial portion of the loan portfolio is collateralized by improved and unimproved real estate and is dependent upon the real estate market. The Bank also conducts lending within professional markets, with a primary focus on the dental industry in Georgia and adjoining states. The majority of these loans are commercial and industrial credits for practice acquisitions and equipment financing with the remainder being owner-occupied real estate. Accrued interest on loans totaled $ 2.4 million on September 30, 2024 and $ 2.1 million on December 31, 2023 and is included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheet. The following table presents the balance in the allowance for credit losses as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands) Commercial Commercial Commercial Construction, Residential Consumer Unallocated Total Allowance for Credit Loss Beginning balance June 30, 2024 $ 1,309 $ 1,319 $ 1,707 $ 1,176 $ 1,106 $ 1,550 $ 294 $ 8,461 Provision 4 52 24 39 ( 38 ) 93 ( 174 ) — Charge-offs — — — — — ( 75 ) — ( 75 ) Recoveries — — — — — 12 — 12 Ending balance, September 30, 2024 $ 1,313 $ 1,371 $ 1,731 $ 1,215 $ 1,068 $ 1,580 $ 120 $ 8,398 Allowance for Credit Loss Beginning balance December 31, 2023 $ 1,397 $ 1,298 $ 1,806 $ 927 $ 1,038 $ 1,534 $ 921 $ 8,921 Provision ( 84 ) 238 ( 75 ) 288 80 354 ( 801 ) — Charge-offs — ( 165 ) — — ( 50 ) ( 372 ) — ( 587 ) Recoveries — — — — — 64 — 64 Ending balance September 30, 2024 $ 1,313 $ 1,371 $ 1,731 $ 1,215 $ 1,068 $ 1,580 $ 120 $ 8,398 Allowance for Credit Loss Beginning balance, June 30, 2023 $ 1,492 $ 1,331 $ 1,116 $ 1,010 $ 1,475 $ 2,321 $ 507 $ 9,252 Provision ( 81 ) ( 71 ) ( 196 ) 24 89 24 211 — Charge-offs — — — — — ( 64 ) — ( 64 ) Recoveries — — 1 — 13 9 — 23 Ending balance, September 30, 2023 $ 1,411 $ 1,260 $ 921 $ 1,034 $ 1,577 $ 2,290 $ 718 $ 9,211 Allowance for Credit Loss Beginning balance, December 31, 2022 $ 2,403 $ 2,079 $ 2,292 $ 487 $ 345 $ 1,675 $ 44 $ 9,325 Provision ( 996 ) ( 819 ) ( 1,369 ) 547 1,183 780 674 — Charge-offs ( 4 ) — ( 3 ) — — ( 212 ) — ( 219 ) Recoveries 8 — 1 — 49 47 — 105 Ending balance, September 30, 2023 $ 1,411 $ 1,260 $ 921 $ 1,034 $ 1,577 $ 2,290 $ 718 $ 9,211 No provision for credit losses on loans was recorded for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. A provision on unfunded commitments for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 of $ 213,000 and $ 0 was recorded, respectively, and is included in accrued interest payable and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet. A provision on unfunded commitments for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 of $ 213,000 and a release of $ 3,000 was recorded for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The allowance for unfunded commitments as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 was $ 744,000 and $ 531,000 , respectively and is included in accrued interest payable and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet.. The Bank also recorded a provision of $ 0 and $ 10,000 for credit losses for held-to-maturity securities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Bank individually evaluates loans meeting a certain threshold for impairment that are on nonaccrual status or are rated substandard (as described below). Collateral-Dependent Loans and 2023, respectively and we had $ 2.0 million and $ 4.3 million, respectively, of collateral-dependent loans without an allowance and no collateral-dependent loans with an allowance at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The following table presents the aging of the recorded investment in past due loans, as well as the recorded investment in nonaccrual loans, as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 by class of loans: (in thousands) September 30, 2024 30 -59 60- 89 90 Days Total Accruing Loans Nonaccrual with Allowance Nonaccrual without Allowance Current Total Commercial (secured by real estate - owner occupied) $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 2,006 $ 156,183 $ 158,189 Commercial (secured by real estate - non-owner occupied) — — — — — 158 158,092 158,250 Commercial and industrial — — — — — — 146,863 146,863 Construction, land and acquisition & — — — — — 18 63,699 63,717 Residential mortgage 55 — — 55 — 2,437 50,192 52,684 Consumer installment 424 — — 424 — 252 117,193 117,869 Total $ 479 $ — $ — $ 479 $ — $ 4,871 $ 692,222 $ 697,572 December 31, 2023 30 -59 60- 89 90 Days Total Accruing Loans Nonaccrual with Allowance Nonaccrual without Allowance Current Total Commercial (secured by real estate - owner occupied) $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 157,691 $ 157,691 Commercial (secured by real estate - non-owner occupied) — — — — — 4,505 140,595 145,100 Commercial and industrial — — — — — — 140,407 140,407 Construction, land and acquisition & — — — — — — 47,685 47,685 Residential mortgage 2,534 — — 2,534 — 2,504 48,612 53,650 Consumer installment 246 — — 246 — 417 114,680 115,343 Total $ 2,780 $ — $ — $ 2,780 $ — $ 7,426 $ 649,670 $ 659,876 There was one commercial (secured by real estate - owner occupied) loan modification to a borrower with financial difficulty during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 for $ 2.0 million. The loan modification provided for a six-month period with fixed payments of $ 5,000 . There were no loan modifications to a borrower with financial difficulty during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. No loan modifications made to a borrower with financial difficulty subsequently defaulted during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. The Bank categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt, such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information and current economic trends, among other factors. The Bank analyzes loans individually by classifying the loans as to credit risk. This analysis is performed on a continuous basis. The Bank uses the following definitions for its risk ratings: Special Mention. Loans have potential weaknesses that may, if not corrected, weaken or inadequately protect the Bank's credit position at some future date. Weaknesses are generally the result of deviation from prudent lending practices, such as over advances on collateral. Credits in this category should, within a 12-month period, move to Pass if improved or drop to Substandard if poor trends continue. Substandard. Inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor, or by the collateral pledged, if any. Loans have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses such as primary source of repayment is gone or severely impaired or cash flow is insufficient to reduce debt. There is a distinct possibility that the Bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Doubtful. Loans have the same weaknesses as those classified Substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full highly questionable and improbable. The likelihood of a loss on an asset or portion of an asset classified Doubtful is high. Loss. Loans considered uncollectible and of such little value that the continuance as a Bank asset is not warranted. This does not mean that the loan has no recovery or salvage value, but rather the asset should be charged off even though partial recovery may be possible in the future. Loans not meeting the criteria above that are analyzed individually as part of the above described process are considered to be Pass rated loans. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, and based on the most recent analysis performed, the risk category and year of origination of loans by class of loans is as follows: (in thousands) September 30, 2024 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Revolvers Total Pass Commercial (secured by real estate - owner occupied) $ 12,289 $ 14,234 $ 25,756 $ 21,471 $ 21,158 $ 57,929 $ 3,037 $ 155,874 Commercial (secured by real estate - non-owner occupied) 29,698 24,331 39,840 27,698 4,776 24,990 2,722 154,055 Commercial and industrial 21,515 20,841 19,076 27,407 14,368 36,039 7,617 146,863 Construction, land and acquisition & development 30,612 20,539 8,064 3,951 103 382 48 63,699 Residential mortgage 3,064 6,157 5,659 2,202 1,529 25,561 5,575 49,747 Consumer installment 37,658 31,303 33,288 11,245 2,543 879 548 117,464 Total pass 134,836 117,405 131,683 93,974 44,477 145,780 19,547 687,702 Special Mention Commercial (secured by real estate - owner occupied) — — — — — 309 — 309 Commercial (secured by real estate - non-owner occupied) — — — 3,474 — 536 — 4,010 Commercial and industrial — — — — — — — — Construction, land and acquisition & development — — — — — — — — Residential mortgage — — — — — 216 — 216 Consumer installment 1 49 42 38 22 — — 152 Total special mention 1 49 42 3,512 22 1,061 — 4,687 Substandard Commercial (secured by real estate - owner occupied) — — — — — 2,006 — 2,006 Commercial (secured by real estate - non-owner occupied) — — — — — 185 — 185 Commercial and industrial — — — — — — — — Construction, land and acquisition & development — — — — 18 — — 18 Residential mortgage — — 187 98 99 2,337 — 2,721 Consumer installment — 36 81 127 4 5 — 253 Total substandard — 36 268 225 121 4,533 — 5,183 Total $ 134,837 $ 117,490 $ 131,993 $ 97,711 $ 44,620 $ 151,374 $ 19,547 $ 697,572 Current year to date period gross charge-offs Commercial (secured by real estate - owner occupied) $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Commercial (secured by real estate - non-owner occupied) — — — — — 165 — 165 Commercial and industrial — — — — — — — — Construction, land and acquisition & development — — — — — — — — Residential mortgage — — 5 — — 45 — 50 Consumer installment — 47 259 61 — 5 — 372 Total current period gross write-offs $ — $ 47 $ 264 $ 61 $ — $ 215 $ — $ 587 December 31, 2023 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolvers Total Pass Commercial (secured by real estate - owner occupied) $ 11,210 $ 23,441 $ 29,832 $ 22,982 $ 11,287 $ 49,744 $ 8,863 $ 157,359 Commercial (secured by real estate - non-owner occupied) 32,830 37,395 25,702 4,436 10,015 15,546 10,562 136,486 Commercial and industrial 22,473 21,590 27,252 14,764 16,697 25,317 12,314 140,407 Construction, land and acquisition & development 21,557 17,392 5,034 721 216 210 2,534 47,664 Residential mortgage 5,354 5,672 2,447 1,289 1,424 28,710 5,736 50,632 Consumer installment 42,601 46,869 17,488 4,866 1,919 247 543 114,533 Total pass 136,025 152,359 107,755 49,058 41,558 119,774 40,552 647,081 Special Mention Commercial (secured by real estate - owner occupied) — — — — — 332 — 332 Commercial (secured by real estate - non-owner occupied) — — 3,539 — — 540 — 4,079 Commercial and industrial — — — — — — — — Construction, land and acquisition & development — — — — — — — — Residential mortgage — — — — — 222 — 222 Consumer installment 73 190 99 21 31 — — 414 Total special mention 73 190 3,638 21 31 1,094 — 5,047 Substandard Commercial (secured by real estate - owner occupied) — — — — — — — — Commercial (secured by real estate - non-owner occupied) — — — — — 4,535 - 4,535 Commercial and industrial — — — — — — — — Construction, land and acquisition & development — — — 21 — — — 21 Residential mortgage — 202 108 107 113 2,266 — 2,796 Consumer installment 50 205 118 11 12 — — 396 Total substandard 50 407 226 139 125 6,801 - 7,748 Total $ 136,148 $ 152,956 $ 111,619 $ 49,218 $ 41,714 $ 127,669 $ 40,552 $ 659,876 Gross charge-offs Commercial (secured by real estate - owner occupied) $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Commercial (secured by real estate - non-owner occupied) — — — — — 204 — 204 Commercial and industrial — — — — — 3 — 3 Construction, land and acquisition & development — — — — — — — — Residential mortgage — — — — — — — — Consumer installment 9 159 125 14 — — — 307 Total current period gross write-offs $ 9 $ 159 $ 125 $ 14 $ — $ 207 $ — $ 514 |