directors is at the time, directly or indirectly, owned by such Person and/or one or more Subsidiaries of such Person, whether or not such power is subject to a voting agreement or similar encumbrance, (B) a partnership or limited liability company in which such Person or a Subsidiary of such Person is, at the date of determination, (1) in the case of a partnership, a general partner of such partnership with the power affirmatively to direct the policies and management of such partnership or (2) in the case of a limited liability company, the managing member or, in the absence of a managing member, a member with the power affirmatively to direct the policies and management of such limited liability company, or (C) any other Person (other than a corporation, partnership, or limited liability company) in which such Person and/or one or more Subsidiaries of such Person, directly or indirectly, at the date of determination thereof, has or have (1) the power to elect or direct the election of a majority of the members of the governing body of such Person, whether or not such power is subject to a voting agreement or similar encumbrance, or (2) in the absence of such a governing body, at least a majority voting interest or (ii) any other Person of which an aggregate of 50% or more of the equity interests are, at the time, directly or indirectly, owned by such Person and/or one or more Subsidiaries of such Person.
(qq) “Tax” and “Taxes” means any and all federal, state, local or non-U.S. taxes, charges, fees, duties, levies, imposts, rates or other like governmental assessments or charges, and, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, shall include income, gross receipts, net worth, property, sales, use, license, excise, franchise, capital stock, employment, payroll, unemployment insurance, social security, Medicare, stamp, environmental, value added, alternative or added minimum, ad valorem, trade, recording, withholding, occupation or transfer taxes, together with any related interest, penalties and additions imposed by any Tax Authority. The term “Taxable” shall have a correlative meaning; provided that, references to “Taxable period” for any franchise or other doing business Tax (including, but not limited to, the Texas franchise Tax) shall mean the Taxable period during which the income, operations, assets, or capital comprising the base of such Tax is measured, regardless of whether the right to do business for another Taxable period is obtained by the payment of such Tax.
(rr) “Tax Asset” shall mean any Tax Item that has accrued for Tax purposes, but has not been realized during the Taxable period in which it has accrued, and that could reduce a Tax in another Taxable period, including a net operating loss, net capital loss, disallowed business interest, general business tax credit, foreign tax credit, charitable deduction, credit related to alternative minimum tax, or any other Tax credit.
(ss) “Tax Authority” means, with respect to any Tax, the governmental entity or political subdivision, agency, commission or authority thereof that imposes such Tax, and the agency, commission or authority (if any) charged with the assessment, determination or collection of such Tax for such entity or subdivision.
(tt) “Tax Benefit” means a reduction in the Tax liability (or increase in Tax Refund) of a Taxpayer for any Taxable period. Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, a Tax Benefit shall be deemed to have been realized or received from a Tax Item in a Taxable period only if and to the extent that the Tax liability (or Tax Refund) of the Taxpayer for such period, after taking into account the effect of the Tax Item on the Tax liability (or Tax Refund) of such Taxpayer in the current period and all prior periods, is less than (or, in case of a Tax Refund, greater than) it would have been had such Tax liability (or Tax Refund) been determined without regard to such Tax Item.
(uu) “Tax Item” shall mean any item of income, gain, loss, deduction, credit, recapture of credit or any other item which increases or decreases Taxes paid or payable, including an adjustment under Section 481 of the Code resulting from a change in accounting method.
(vv) “Tax Law” means the law of any governmental entity or political subdivision thereof, and any controlling judicial or administrative interpretations of such law, relating to any Tax.
(ww) “Tax Package” shall have the meaning given to such term in Section 3(c).
(xx) “Tax Proceeding” shall mean any Tax audit, assessment, or other examination by any Tax Authority, as well as any controversy, litigation, other proceeding, or appeal thereof relating to Taxes, whether administrative or judicial, including proceedings relating to competent authority determinations.
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