| Document and Entity Information | May 12, 2022 |
| Cover [Abstract] | |
| Amendment Flag | false |
| Entity Central Index Key | 0001827087 |
| Document Type | 8-K |
| Document Period End Date | May 12, 2022 |
| Entity Registrant Name | VIGIL NEUROSCIENCE, INC. |
| Entity Incorporation State Country Code | DE |
| Entity File Number | 001-41200 |
| Entity Tax Identification Number | 85-1880494 |
| Entity Address, Address Line One | 1 Broadway |
| Entity Address, Address Line Two | 7th Floor |
| Entity Address, Address Line Three | Suite 07-300 |
| Entity Address, City or Town | Cambridge |
| Entity Address, State or Province | MA |
| Entity Address, Postal Zip Code | 02142 |
| City Area Code | (857) |
| Local Phone Number | 254-4445 |
| Written Communications | false |
| Soliciting Material | false |
| Pre Commencement Tender Offer | false |
| Pre Commencement Issuer Tender Offer | false |
| Security 12b Title | Common Stock, $0.0001 par value per share |
| Trading Symbol | VIGL |
| Security Exchange Name | NASDAQ |
| Entity Emerging Growth Company | true |
| Entity Ex Transition Period | false |
