Significant Accounting Policies | ORGANIZATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Description of business and organization Playtika Holding Corporation (“Playtika”) and its subsidiaries (together with Playtika, the “Company”) is one of the world’s leading developers of mobile games creating fun, innovative experiences that entertain and engage its users. It has built best-in-class live game operations services and a proprietary technology platform to support its portfolio of games which enable it to drive strong user engagement and monetization. The Company’s games are free-to-play, and the Company seeks to provide novel, curated in-game content and offers to its users, at optimal points in their game journeys to drive user engagement and monetization. As of December 31, 2021, the Company had operations in Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belarus, Canada, Finland, Germany, India, Israel, Poland, Romania, Switzerland, Ukraine, the United Kingdom and the United States. Playtika Holding Corp.’s initial public offering On January 20, 2021, the Company completed its initial public offering (the “IPO”) of 79,925,000 shares of common stock at a public offering price of $27.00 per share, of which the Company sold 18,518,500 shares and Playtika Holding UK II Limited (“Playtika Holding UK”) sold 61,406,500 shares. The Company’s common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “PLTK”. The net proceeds to the Company from the initial public offering were approximately $468.0 million, after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by the Company, to be used for general corporate purposes, including working capital, operating expenses, capital expenditures, repayment of borrowing under its Term Loan, and potential future acquisitions. The Company did not receive any proceeds from the sale of shares of common stock in the offering by Playtika Holding UK. Basis of presentation and consolidation The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) and include Playtika and all subsidiaries in which the Company has a controlling financial interest. Control generally equates to ownership percentage, whereby (i) affiliates that are more than 50% owned are consolidated; (ii) investments in affiliates of 50% or less but greater than 20% are generally accounted for using the equity method where the Company has determined that it has significant influence over the entities; and (iii) investments in affiliates of 20% or less are generally accounted for at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer. In the opinion of management, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation have been recorded within the accompanying financial statements, consisting of normal, recurring adjustments, and all intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in the consolidation. Investment in unconsolidated entities The Company holds certain equity investments in various unconsolidated entities that, based upon the structure of the investment, are not within the scope of equity method investment accounting that would lead to the consolidation conclusions above. Instead, these investments fall within the scope of ASC 321, Investments - Equity Securities. As permitted within that guidance, the Company has elected to account for these investments at cost less impairment, adjusted for changes in fair value from observable transactions for identical or similar investments of the same issuer as of the respective transaction dates. No change to the carrying amounts were recorded in the year ended December 31, 2021. Use of estimates The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions. The Company's management believes that the estimates, judgments and assumptions used are reasonable based upon information available at the time they are made. These estimates, judgments and assumptions can affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Financial statements in United States dollars The currency of the primary economic environment in which the operations of Playtika and certain subsidiaries are conducted is the U.S. dollar ("dollar"); thus, the dollar is the functional currency of Playtika and certain subsidiaries. Playtika and certain subsidiaries' transactions and balances denominated in dollars are presented at their original amounts. Non-dollar transactions and balances have been remeasured to dollars in accordance with ASC 830, Foreign Currency Matters . All transaction gains and losses from remeasurement of monetary balance sheet items denominated in non-dollar currencies are reflected in the statements of comprehensive income as financial income or expenses, as appropriate. For those consolidated subsidiaries whose functional currency has been determined to be a non-dollar currency, assets and liabilities are translated at year-end exchange rates and statement of income items are translated at average exchange rates prevailing during the year. Such translation adjustments are recorded as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income in stockholders' equity (deficit). Concentration of credit risk and significant customers Financial instruments, which potentially expose the Company to concentrations of credit risk, consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, short-term bank deposits, restricted cash, accounts receivable and derivative contracts. A large percentage of the Company's cash is maintained with three financial institutions with high credit standings. The Company performs periodic evaluations of the relative credit standing of these financial institutions. Apple, Facebook and Google are significant distribution, marketing, promotion and payment platforms for the Company's games. A significant portion of the Company’s revenues has been generated from players who accessed the Company's games through these platforms. Therefore, the Company's accounts receivable are derived mainly from sales through these three platforms. Accounts receivable are recorded at their transaction amounts and do not bear interest. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers. The following table summarizes the major accounts receivable of the Company as a percentage of the total accounts receivable: December 31, 2021 2020 % Apple 42 38 Google 34 35 Facebook 8 11 Accounts receivable are non-interest bearing and are initially recorded at cost. The Company bases its allowance for doubtful accounts on management's best estimate of the amount of probable credit losses in the Company's existing accounts receivable based on historical collection experience and current and expected future economic and market conditions. Cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase and are stated at the lower of cost or market value. Cash equivalents include investments in money market funds that can be redeemed immediately at the current net asset value. Restricted cash Restricted cash primarily consists of deposits to secure obligations under the Company's operating lease agreements and to secure company-issued credit cards. Short-term bank deposits Bank deposits with maturities of more than three months but less than one year are included in short-term bank deposits. Such short-term bank deposits are stated at cost which approximates fair market value. Property and equipment, net The Company states property and equipment at cost. The Company computes depreciation using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets or, in the case of leasehold improvements, the lease term of the respective assets, whichever is shorter. The depreciation periods for the Company's property and equipment are as follows: Useful life Computers and peripheral equipment 3 to 5 years Office furniture and equipment 4 to 14 years Vehicles and aircraft 3 to 7 years Leasehold improvements Shorter of the estimated useful life or remaining term of lease Software development costs The Company reviews internal use software development cost associated with infrastructure and new games or updates to existing games to determine if the costs qualify for capitalizing. The development costs incurred during the application development stage that are related to infrastructure are capitalized. Internal use software is included in intangible assets other than goodwill, net in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Capitalization of such costs begins when the preliminary project stage is completed and ceases at the point in which the project is substantially complete and is ready for its intended purpose. With respect to new games or updates to existing games, the preliminary project stage remains ongoing until just prior to worldwide launch. The development costs of new games or updates to existing games are expensed as incurred to research and development in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Capitalized internal use software costs were approximately $35.5 million, $33.3 million and $17.2 million during the years ending December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The estimated useful life of costs capitalized is generally three Business combination The Company applies the provisions of ASC 805, Business Combination and allocates the fair value of purchase consideration to the tangible assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and intangible assets acquired based on their estimated fair values. The excess of the fair value of purchase consideration over the fair values of these identifiable assets and liabilities is recorded as goodwill. When determining the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, management makes significant estimates and assumptions, especially with respect to intangible assets. Significant estimates in valuing certain intangible assets include, but are not limited to future expected cash flows from acquired technology and acquired trademarks and user base from a market participant perspective, useful lives and discount rates. Management's estimates of fair value are based upon assumptions believed to be reasonable, but which are inherently uncertain and unpredictable. Goodwill Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price in a business combination over the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired. Under ASC 350, Intangible - Goodwill and Other ("ASC 350"), goodwill is not amortized, but rather is subject to an annual impairment test. The Company tests goodwill for impairment as of October 1st of each year, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that this asset may be impaired. For the purposes of impairment testing, the Company has determined that it has one reporting unit. When performing the annual goodwill impairment testing, the Company either conducts a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that the asset is impaired, or elects to bypass this qualitative assessment and perform a quantitative test for impairment. Under the qualitative assessment, the Company considers both positive and negative factors, including macroeconomic conditions, industry events, financial performance and other changes, and makes a determination of whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of goodwill is less than its carrying amount. If, after assessing the qualitative factors, the Company determines it is more likely than not the asset is impaired, it then performs a quantitative test in which the estimated fair value of the reporting unit is compared with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to the excess, limited to the amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit. Intangible assets other than goodwill, net Intangible assets other than goodwill are amortized over their estimated useful lives using the straight-line method, using the following ranges of useful lives: Useful life Developed games and acquired technology 1 to 10 years Trademarks and user base 1 to 5 years Internal use software 3 years Impairment of long-lived assets The Company’s long-lived assets to be held or used, including right-of-use (“ROU”) assets, and identifiable intangible assets that are subject to amortization are tested for impairment as of October 1st of each year, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable, in accordance with ASC 360, Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets. Impairment indicators include any significant changes in the manner of the Company’s use of the assets and significant negative industry or economic trends. The Company recognizes impairment based on the difference between the fair value of the asset and its carrying value. Fair value is generally measured based on either quoted market prices, if available, or a discounted cash flow analysis. Upon determination that the carrying value of a long-lived asset may not be recoverable based upon a comparison of aggregate undiscounted projected future cash flows to the carrying amount of the asset, an impairment charge is recorded for the excess of the carrying amount over fair value. Leases The Company is the lessee under non-cancelable office real estate and data center leases. The Company accounts for its leases under ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) . Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at the commencement date and initially measured based on the present value of lease payments and lease incentives received over the defined lease term. The Company’s lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease. The Company assesses these options using a threshold of reasonably certain. For leases the Company is reasonably certain to renew, those option periods are included within the lease term and, therefore, the measurement of the right-of-use asset and lease liability. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company’s real estate lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees, restrictions or covenants. The Company’s lease agreements with lease and non-lease components are accounted for separately. As most of the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the incremental borrowing rate is estimated based upon the capital structure of the Company and upon the other information available at the lease commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The implicit rate will be used when readily determinable. The operating lease ROU assets also include any prepaid lease payments made and are net of lease incentives. The Company does not record an asset or liability for operating leases with a term of 12 months or less. Revenue recognition The Company primarily derives revenue from the sale of virtual items associated with online games. The Company distributes its games to the end customer through various web and mobile platforms such as Apple, Facebook, Google, and other web and mobile platforms. Through these platforms, users can download the Company’s free-to-play games and can purchase virtual currency which is redeemed in the game for virtual goods, or players can purchase virtual goods directly (collectively referred to as virtual items) to enhance their game-playing experience. The initial download of the games does not create a contract under ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers ; however, the separate election by the player to make an in-application purchase satisfies the ASC 606 criterion for creating a contract. Players can pay for their virtual item purchases through various widely accepted payment methods offered in the games. Payments from players for virtual items are required at the time of purchase, are non-refundable and relate to non-cancellable contracts that specify the Company’s obligations and cannot be redeemed for cash nor exchanged for anything other than virtual items within the Company’s games. The purchase price is a fixed amount which reflects the consideration that the Company expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for use of virtual items by its customers. The platform providers collect proceeds from the game players and remit the proceeds to the Company after deducting their respective platform fees. The Company is primarily responsible for providing the virtual items, has control over the content and functionality of games and has the discretion to establish the virtual items’ prices. Therefore, the Company is the principal and, accordingly revenues are recorded on a gross basis. Payment processing fees paid to platform providers are recorded within cost of revenue. The Company’s performance obligation is to display the virtual items within the game over the estimated life of the paying player or until the virtual item is consumed in game play based upon the nature of the virtual item. The Company categorizes its virtual items as either consumable or durable. The substantial majority of the Company’s games sell only consumable virtual items. Consumable virtual items represent items that can be consumed by a specific player action and do not provide the player any continuing benefit following consumption. For the sale of consumable virtual items, the Company recognizes revenue as the items are consumed which is usually over a period of time of up to one month. The Company has determined through a review of game play behavior that players generally do not purchase additional virtual currency until their existing virtual currency balances have been substantially consumed. This review, performed on a game-by-game basis, includes an analysis of game players’ historical play behavior, purchase behavior, and the amount of virtual currency outstanding. Based upon this analysis, the Company has estimated the rate at which virtual currency is consumed during game play. Accordingly, revenue is recognized using a user-based revenue model using these estimated consumption rates. The Company monitors its analysis of customer play behavior on a quarterly basis. Durable virtual items represent items that are accessible to the player over an extended period of time. The Company recognizes revenue from the sale of durable virtual items ratably over the estimated average life of the paying player, which is estimated on a game-by-game basis and generally ranges from three months up to one year. The Company estimates the average life of the paying player based on historical paying player patterns and playing behaviors within each of the specific games that offer durable virtual items. The Company monitors its operational data and player patterns and re-assesses its estimates on a quarterly basis. Deferred revenues, which represent a contract liability, represent mostly unrecognized fees collected for virtual items which are not consumed at the balance sheets date, or for players that are still active in the games. Sales and other taxes collected from customers on behalf of governmental authorities are accounted for on a net basis and are not included in revenues or operating expenses. The Company also has relationships with certain advertising service providers for advertisements within its games and revenue from these advertising providers is generated through impressions, clickthroughs, banner ads and offers. The Company has determined that displaying the advertisements within the mobile games is identified as a single performance obligation. The transaction price in advertising arrangements is established by our advertising service providers and is generally the product of the number of advertising units delivered (e.g. impressions, offers completed, etc.) and the contractually agreed upon price per unit. Revenue from advertisements and offers are recognized at a point-in-time when the advertisements are displayed in the game or the offer has been completed by the user as the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits provided from these services. The Company has determined that it is generally acting as an agent in its advertising arrangements as the advertising service providers maintain the relationship with the customers, control the pricing of the advertising such that the Company does not know the total price paid by the customer to the service providers, and control the advertising product through the time the advertisements are displayed in our games. Therefore, the Company recognizes revenue related to these arrangements on a net basis. Advertising expenses Costs for marketing and advertising of the Company’s games are primarily expensed as incurred and are included in the sales and marketing expenses in the Company’s consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Such costs primarily consist of player acquisition costs. Advertising expense was $457.8 million, $408.5 million and $341.4 million in the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Stock-based compensation expense The Company has a stock-based compensation program which provides for equity awards including time-based stock options and restricted stock units (“RSUs”). Stock-based compensation expense is measured at the grant date, based on the estimated fair value of the award, and is recognized as expense over the requisite service period for the award. The Company records forfeitures as a reduction of stock-based compensation expense as those forfeitures occur. The Company used the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value and compensation cost associated with stock options. As it does not have a long history of market prices for its common stock because the stock was not publicly traded prior to January 2021, the Company used observable data for a group of peer companies that grant options with substantially similar terms to assist in developing its volatility assumption. The expected volatility of the stock was determined using weighted average measures of the implied volatility and the historical volatility for the Company’s peer group of companies for a period equal to the expected life of the option. The weighted-average risk-free interest rate was based on the interest rate for U.S. Treasury bonds. The expected term assumption was derived using the simplified method, which is based on an average between each vesting date and the expiration date of an option. This method was chosen because there was no historical option exercise experience due to the Company being privately held. The Company does not anticipate paying cash dividends on its shares of common stock in the future. The stock options have a contractual term of 10 years. Except as otherwise provided in an option agreement between the Company and the employee, if an employee is terminated (voluntarily or involuntarily), any unvested awards as of the date of termination will be forfeited. If factors change and the Company employs different assumptions, stock-based compensation cost on future awards may differ significantly from what the Company has recorded in the past. Higher volatility and longer expected terms result in an increase to stock-based compensation determined at the date of grant. Future stock-based compensation cost and unrecognized stock-based compensation will increase to the extent that the Company grants additional equity awards to employees or assumes unvested equity awards in connection with acquisitions. If there are any modifications or cancellations of the underlying unvested equity awards, the Company may be required to accelerate any remaining unearned stock-based compensation cost or incur incremental cost. The Company uses the estimated fair value of equity and associated per-share value at the time of grant to determine the compensation cost to be recognized associated with RSUs granted. The Company’s stock-based compensation expense is recorded in the financial statement line item relevant to each of the award recipients. See Note 10, Equity Transactions and Stock Incentive Plan, for additional discussion. Significant factors, assumptions, and methodologies used in estimating fair value of equity prior to the IPO Prior to its initial public offering of equity in January 2021, the Company, with the assistance of third-party valuation experts, used a combination of the income approach (the discounted cash flow method) and the market approach (a combination of the guideline public company method and the guideline transaction method) to estimate its equity value in connection with its stock-based compensation program discussed below. The income approach involves applying an appropriate risk-adjusted discount rate to projected cash flows based on forecasted revenue and costs. The guideline transaction method estimates the value of a company by applying valuation multiples paid in actual transactions for comparable public and private companies. The values derived under the market and income approaches were used to determine an initial estimated fair market value of the Company’s equity. The initial estimated value was then subjected to a discount for the lack of marketability based on the impediments to liquidity as a result of the Company’s previous status as a private company, including the lack of publicly available information and the lack of a trading market. Subsequent to the Company’s initial public offering of equity in January 2021, the Company uses the public trading price of its common stock on the Nasdaq stock exchange as the basis for determining the fair market value for its common stock for purposes of its stock based compensation expense. There is inherent uncertainty in the Company’s forecasts and projections, and if different assumptions and estimates had been made than those described above, the amount of the equity valuation and stock-based compensation expense could have been materially different. Income taxes The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method whereby deferred tax asset and liability account balances are determined based on differences between financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that are expected to be in effect when the differences will reverse. The Company provides a valuation allowance, if necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are presented under long-term assets and long-term liabilities, respectively. The Company implements a two-step approach to recognize and measure uncertain tax positions. The first step is to evaluate the tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that, on an evaluation of the technical merits, the tax position will be sustained on audit, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes. The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than 50% (cumulative basis) likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement. The Company classifies interest and penalties on income taxes (which includes uncertain tax positions) as taxes on income. See Note 17, Income Taxes, for additional discussion. Employee related benefits Appreciation and retention plan In August 2019, the Company adopted the Playtika Holding Corp. Retention Plan (the “2021-2024 Retention Plan”) in order to retain key employees and reward them for contributing to the success of the Company. Under the 2021-2024 Retention Plan, eligible employees may be granted retention awards that let them receive their pro rata portion of a retention pool of $25 million per year for each of the plan years, and may also be granted appreciation units which allow the employee to receive their pro-rata portion of an appreciation pool calculated as a specified percentage of Adjusted EBITDA for each of the plan years as described further in Note 15, Appreciation and Retention Plans . The value of each unit of the 2021-2024 Retention Plan has been amortized into compensation expense using the straight-line method, which will result in the recognition of compensation costs in the same years as the underlying EBITDA used in the plan measurement is earned. In September 2016, the Company adopted the Playtika Holding Corp. Retention Plan (the “2017-2020 Plan”). According to the 2017-2020 Plan, appreciation unit awards were granted to selected eligible employees. These units provided the right to receive cash payments for each of the years 2017 through 2020 as a percentage (between 1.5% - 2%) of the Company's estimated appreciation in value in excess of $4.4 billion. The value of each appreciation unit was calculated based on the Company's adjusted EBITDA (as agreed in the 2017-2020 Plan) multiplied by an agreed multiplier. In addition, an annual retention bonus for each of the four years in the 2017-2020 Plan, in the amount of $25 million was distributed to selected eligible employees of the 2017-2020 Plan. The value of each unit of the 2017-2020 Plan was amortized into compensation expense using the graded-vesting method, which resulted in the recognition of compensation costs over the requisite service period for each separately vesting tranche of the units as though the units were, in substance, multiple units awards. Severance pay The liability for the Company’s employees in Israel in respect of severance pay is calculated in accordance with Section 14 of the Severance Pay Law 5723-1963 ("Section 14"). Section 14 states that Company's contributions for severance pay shall be in lieu of severance compensation. Upon deposit of the related obligation for the employee under Section 14, no additional obligations shall be conducted between the parties regarding the matter of severance pay and no additional payments shall be made by the Company to the employee. Expense resulting from contributions in accordance with Section 14 for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 was $7.1 million, $5.7 million and $4.6 million, respectively. Net income per share attributable to common stockholders For all periods, basic net income per share is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted-average common shares outstanding. Diluted net income per share reflects the effect of all potentially dilutive common shares outstanding by dividing net income by the weighted-average of all common and potentially dilutive shares outstanding. In the event of a loss, diluted shares would not be considered because of their anti-dilutive effect. Derivative Instruments The Company uses interest rate swap contracts to reduce its exposure to fluctuating interest rates associated with the Company’s variable rate debt, and to effectively increase the portion of debt upon which the Company pays a fixed interest rate. The Company’s interest rate swap agreements are designated as cash flow hedges under ASC 815 involving the receipt of variable amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Company making fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreement, without the exchange of the underlying notional amount. These hedges are highly effective in offsetting changes in the Company’s future expected cash flows due to the fluctuation of the one-month LIBOR rate associated with its variable rate debt. The Company monitors the effectiveness of its hedges on a quarterly basis, both qualitatively and quantitatively. The Company performed a regression analysis at inception of the hedging relationship and at period end in which it compared the change in the fair value of the swap transaction and the change in fair value of a hypothetical interest rate swap having terms that identically match the terms of the debt's interest rate payments based on 30 observations that are based on historical swap rates. 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