commercialization of our product candidates. These arrangements may contain multiple components, such as (i) licenses, (ii) research and development activities, and (iii) the manufacturing of certain materials. Payments pursuant to these arrangements may include non-refundable and refundable payments, payments upon the achievement of significant regulatory, development and commercial milestones, sales of products at certain agreed-upon amounts, and royalties on product sales.
In determining the appropriate amount of revenue to be recognized as we fulfill our obligations under a collaboration agreement, we perform the following steps: (i) identification of the promised goods or services in the contract; (ii) determination of whether the promised goods or services are performance obligations, including whether they are capable of being distinct; (iii) measurement of the transaction price, including the constraint on variable consideration; (iv) allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations; and (v) recognition of revenue as we satisfy each performance obligation.
We must develop estimates and assumptions that require judgment to determine the underlying stand-alone selling price for each performance obligation, which determines how the transaction price is allocated among the performance obligations. The estimation of the stand-alone selling price may include such estimates as forecasted revenues and costs, development timelines, discount rates and probabilities of regulatory and commercial success. We also apply significant judgment when evaluating whether contractual obligations represent distinct performance obligations, allocating transaction price to performance obligations within a contract, determining when performance obligations have been met, assessing the recognition and future reversal of variable consideration and determining and applying appropriate methods of measuring progress for performance obligations satisfied over time.
Going concern
These condensed consolidated interim financial statements have been prepared by management on the assumption that the Company will be able to continue as a going concern, which presumes that the Company will, for at least the next 12 months, be able to realize its assets and discharge its liabilities in the normal course of business.
Through March 31, 2024, the Company has funded its operations with proceeds from sales of equity, collaboration and licensing agreements, government grants and borrowings under various agreements. Since its inception, the Company has incurred net losses. The Dutch Research and Development Act (WBSO) provides compensation for a part of research and development wages and other costs through a reduction in payroll taxes. WBSO grant amounts are offset against wages and salaries and included in research and development expenses in the condensed consolidated interim statements of loss and comprehensive loss.
As of March 31, 2024, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $148.5 million. The Company expects to continue to generate operating losses in the foreseeable future. The Company expects that its cash, cash equivalents and investments of $94.6 million as of March 31, 2024, will be sufficient to fund its operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements for at least 12 months following the issuance of these condensed consolidated interim financial statements. Accordingly, the condensed consolidated interim financial statements have been prepared on a going-concern basis.
Until we can generate sufficient product revenue to finance our cash requirements, which we may never do, we expect to finance our future cash needs through a combination of public or private equity offerings, debt financings, collaborations, strategic alliances, licensing arrangements and other marketing or distribution arrangements. Disruptions in the financial markets, in general, may make equity and debt financing more difficult to obtain and may have a material adverse effect on our ability to meet our fundraising needs. If we are unable to obtain sufficient funding in a timely manner or on commercially acceptable terms, we may have to delay, reduce the scope of, or eliminate one or more of our operating activities and consider other cost-reduction initiatives, such as downsizing our operations or withholding initiation or expansion of clinical trials or research. In addition, in the event we are not able to generate sufficient funds, we may be unable to continue as a going concern, and our business, financial condition and/or results of operations could be