Business Combinations | Business Combinations The Company acquired Silicon Radar in February 2023, GEO in March 2023, Exalos in September 2023 and Kinetic in January 2024. These acquisitions were recorded by allocating the purchase consideration to the net assets acquired based on their estimated fair values at the acquisition date. The excess of the purchase consideration for the acquisition over the fair value of the net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. The following presents the final allocation of the purchase consideration to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed for the aforementioned businesses as of December 31, 2024: Kinetic Exalos Silicon Radar GEO Purchase price — cash consideration paid $ 3,200 $ — $ 8,653 $ 91,076 Purchase price — cash consideration accrued 1,300 — 800 3,464 Less: cash acquired — (3,439) (208) (1,092) Net cash consideration $ 4,500 $ (3,439) $ 9,245 $ 93,448 Purchase price — equity consideration issued (common stock) $ — $ 42,791 $ 9,834 $ 75,556 Purchase price — equity consideration issuable (common stock) — 2,500 — 20,979 Total equity consideration $ — $ 45,291 $ 9,834 $ 96,535 Contingent consideration 4,599 9,755 9,240 59,280 Net consideration $ 9,099 $ 51,607 $ 28,319 $ 249,263 Estimated fair value of net assets and liabilities assumed: Current assets other than cash $ 5,306 $ 4,531 $ 2,979 $ 24,043 Property and equipment 950 1,253 781 178 Developed technology 250 23,100 4,950 69,330 In-process research & development 1,250 7,600 8,870 27,040 Customer relationships 160 6,870 4,340 14,220 Backlog 170 1,220 150 390 Trade name 15 4,300 2,130 10,320 Other non-current assets 729 — 17 10 Current liabilities (753) (3,541) (1,585) (6,084) Deferred revenue — — (512) — Deferred tax liabilities, non-current — (8,660) (2,772) (1,982) Other non-current liabilities (217) — — (711) Total fair value of net assets acquired $ 7,860 $ 36,673 $ 19,348 $ 136,754 Goodwill $ 1,239 $ 14,934 $ 8,971 $ 112,509 For all acquisitions, trade receivables and payables, as well as other current and non-current assets and liabilities and deferred revenue, were valued at the existing carrying value as they represented the fair value of those items at the acquisition date, based on management’s judgments and estimates. The aggregated amount of revenue from the acquired businesses in 2023 included in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations from their acquisition dates through December 31, 2023 is $59,687. It is impracticable for the Company to disclose the aggregated net earnings of these business combinations included in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations from their acquisition dates through December 31, 2023 as the Company merged GEO into ADK LLC shortly after the acquisition such that the operating activities are comingled within ADK LLC. Acquisition of Kinetic On January 25, 2024 (“Deal Closing Date”), indie and ADK LLC completed its acquisition of Kinetic. The acquisition was consummated pursuant to an executed APA to acquire certain research and development personnel, intellectual property and business properties from Kinetic, in support of a custom product development for a North American electric vehicle OEM. The closing consideration consisted of (i) $3,200 in cash as the Initial Cash Consideration, net of an adjustment holdback amount of $500 and an indemnity holdback amount of $800, (ii) the Production Earnout with fair value of $2,348, payable in cash or Class A common stock, subject to achievement of certain production based milestones 24 months after the Deal Closing Date, and (iii) the Revenue Earnout with fair value of $2,251, payable in cash or Class A common stock, subject to achievement of certain revenue based milestones 12 months after the Deal Closing Date. The purchase price is subject to working capital and other adjustments as provided in the APA. The indemnity holdback amount is payable within five The Company paid a premium (i.e., goodwill) over the fair value of the net tangible and identified intangible assets acquired as this acquisition brings the Company a new family of smart connectivity solutions that enable high-speed networking of displays and controllers throughout the vehicle, which already generated interest from OEMs. The goodwill is expected to be deductible for tax purposes. indie incurred various acquisition-related costs, which were primarily legal expense, and recorded these as part of the Selling, General and Administrative expenses. Total costs incurred are $352 for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024. The Company maintains an adjustment holdback and an indemnity holdback for the purpose of providing security against any adjustment to the amounts at closing. The adjustment holdback of $500 was released in July 2024 through a cash settlement while the indemnity holdback of $800 is reflected in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities as its holdback period extends for 18 months from the Deal Closing Date. The indemnity holdback will be paid in cash. Total purchase consideration transferred at the Deal Closing Date also included contingent consideration that had a total fair value of $4,599 as of the acquisition date. The acquisition date fair value of the contingent considerations was determined based on the Company’s assessment of the probability of achieving the performance targets that ultimately obligate the Company to transfer additional consideration to the seller. The contingent consideration is comprised of two tranches and both are payable in cash or Class A common stock, at indie’s election. The Production Earnout pays up to a maximum of $3,000, upon fulfillment of certain production volume of a predetermined product within 24-month period ending on January 24, 2026. The Revenue Earnout pays up to a maximum of $2,500 upon the achievement of a minimum revenue threshold of $12,000 for the 12-month period ending on January 24, 2025. The fair value of any outstanding contingent consideration liabilities will be remeasured as of the end of each reporting period with any resulting remeasurement gains or losses recognized in the consolidated statement of operations. The Revenue Earnout is reflected in Contingent considerations and the Production Earnout is reflected in Other long-term liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2024. Pro forma financial information for Kinetic is not disclosed as the results are not material to the Company’s consolidated financial statements. As of December 31, 2024, the Company finalized the opening net assets acquired and goodwill as follows: Preliminary Valuation Adjustment Final Inventory 4,444 (734) 3,710 Property and equipment 962 (12) 950 Developed technology 455 (205) 250 In-progress research & development 750 500 1,250 Customer relationships 250 (90) 160 Backlog 19 151 170 Trade name 97 (82) 15 Goodwill 767 472 1,239 Changes in fair value of inventory, property and equipment were a result of gathering additional information during the measurement period. The Company also revised the initial values of intangible assets as a result of switching from utilizing publicly available benchmarking information to determine the fair value of the intangible assets to primarily utilizing an income method based on forecasts of expected future cash flows. Developed technology relates to the high-speed data connectivity technology, which can be applied to various automotive usage and immediately expands indie’s automotive user experience product and technology. Developed technologies was valued using relief from royalty of the income approach. The selected royalty rate was determined based on an analysis of licensing agreements related to similar technologies and was further adjusted to reflect the maintenance R&D expenses associated with sustaining the technology. The economic useful life was determined to be two years based on the remaining technology cycle related to each developed technology, as well as the cash flows over the forecast period. Customer relationships represent the fair value of future projected revenue that will be derived from sales of products to existing customers of Kinetic. The fair value was determined by applying the excess earnings method of the income approach. The economic useful life was determined to be ten years. Backlog relates to various purchase orders in place with Kinetic’ customers at the time of the acquisition. The fair value was determined by applying the excess earnings method of the income approach. The economic useful life was determined to be two years. Trade name relates to the “Kinetic” trade name. The fair value was determined by applying the relief from royalty of the income approach. The selected royalty rate was determined based on an analysis of licensing agreements related to similar brand names. The economic useful life was determined to be three years. The fair value of IPR&D was determined using the relief from royalty of the income approach. The selected royalty rate was determined based on an analysis of licensing agreements related to similar technologies and was further adjusted to reflect the maintenance R&D expenses associated with sustaining the technology. Under both the relief from royalty and multi-period excess earnings methods, the fair value models incorporated estimates of future cash flows, estimates of allocations of certain assets and cash flows, estimates of future growth rates and management’s judgment regarding the applicable discount rates to use to discount such estimates of cash flows. Because the estimates and assumptions made by management at the time of the acquisitions are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement of these acquired identifiable intangible assets, the corresponding fair values are classified as Level 3 fair value hierarchy measurements. Acquisition of Exalos AG On September 18, 2023, Ay Dee Kay Ltd. completed its acquisition of Exalos, pursuant to that Share Sale and Purchase Agreement by and among Ay Dee Kay Ltd., the Company and all of the stockholders of Exalos, whereby Ay Dee Kay Ltd. acquired all of the outstanding common shares of Exalos. The closing consideration consisted of (i) approximately 6,613,786 shares of Class A common stock of the Company, with a fair value of $42,791; (ii) a contingent consideration with fair value of $9,755 at closing, payable in cash or Class A common stock, subject to Exalos’ achievement of certain revenue-based milestones through September 30, 2025; and (iii) a holdback of $2,500 subject to final release 12 months from the acquisition date payable in shares of Class A common stock. The purchase price is subject to working capital and other adjustments as provided in the Share Sale and Purchase Agreement. The Company paid a premium (i.e., goodwill) over the fair value of the net tangible and identified intangible assets acquired as this acquisition immediately expands the Company’s ADAS and User Experience product and technology offering to its global tier one and automotive OEM customer base. Specifically, indie can now leverage Exalos’ technology portfolio to extend its FMCW LiDAR portfolio. The goodwill is not expected to be deductible for tax purposes. The Company incurred various acquisition-related costs, which were primarily legal expenses and recorded as part of the S elling, General and Administrative expenses. Total costs incurred were $384 and $621 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company maintained an adjustment holdback for the purpose of providing security against any adjustment to the amounts at closing. The holdback period extended for 12 months from the closing date and was paid in shares of Class A common stock. On September 27, 2024, the adjustment holdback was settled and 610,975 shares of Class A common stock were issued with a final fair value of $2,548. Accordingly, the fair value of the adjustment holdback liability was reduced to zero as of December 31, 2024 and a loss of $48 was recorded in Other income (expense), net for the year ended December 31, 2024 in the consolidated statement of operations. Total purchase consideration transferred at closing also included contingent consideration that had a fair value of $9,755 as of the acquisition date. The acquisition date fair value of the contingent consideration was determined based on the Company’s assessment of the probability of achieving the performance targets that ultimately obligate the Company to transfer additional consideration to the seller through the Monte Carlo simulation. The contingent consideration is comprised of two tranches, with maximum payout up to $13,500 and $6,500, respectively, both subject to Exalos achieving certain revenue targets. Both tranches are payable in cash or Class A common stock, at indie’s election, up to a maximum of $20,000, upon the achievement of a revenue threshold of $19,000 for the 12-month period ended on September 30, 2024 and the achievement of a revenue threshold of $21,000 for the 12-month period ending on September 30, 2025, respectively. The fair value of any outstanding contingent consideration liabilities are remeasured as of the end of each reporting period with any resulting remeasurement gains or losses recognized in the consolidated statement of operations. In November 2024, the Company settled the first tranche through the issuance of 2,845,243 shares of Class A common stock with a fair value of $9,930 at the time of issuance, and a cash payment of $2,536 . The second tranche of this earn-out liability is reflected in Contingent considerations in the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2024. As of September 30, 2024, the Company finalized the opening net assets acquired and goodwill as follows: Preliminary Valuation Adjustment Final Purchase price — contingent considerations $ 13,225 $ (3,470) $ 9,755 Inventory 1,934 123 2,057 Property and equipment 1,001 252 1,253 Developed technology 7,968 15,132 23,100 In-progress research & development 7,968 (368) 7,600 Customer relationships 5,312 1,558 6,870 Backlog 664 556 1,220 Trade name 3,984 316 4,300 Deferred tax liabilities, non-current (5,330) (3,330) (8,660) Operating lease right-of-use assets step-up 664 (664) — Goodwill 31,979 (17,045) 14,934 Change in the contingent considerations was driven by updating the valuation methodology from probability-weighted method to Monte Carlo Simulations analysis. The Company initially used the probability-weighted method to determine the fair value of the equity-based earn out as certain information was not available to conduct the Monte Carlo Simulations analysis. Changes in fair value of inventory, property and equipment, operating lease right-of-use assets step-up and deferred tax liabilities were a result of gathering additional information during the measurement period. The Company also revised the initial values of intangible assets as a result of switching from utilizing publicly available benchmarking information to determine the fair value of the intangible assets to primarily utilizing an income method based on forecasts of expected future cash flows. As a result, the Company recorded an adjustment to increase the amortization of intangible assets of $554 in the consolidated statement of operations during the year ended December 31, 2024 that would have been recorded during the year ended December 31, 2023 if the adjustment to the intangible assets had been recognized as of the date of the acquisition. Developed technology relates to near-infrared super-luminescent diodes (“SLEDs”), which can be used in Fiber-Optic Gyroscopes (“FOG”) for aerospace and defense navigation systems and sensors for fiber-optic sensing applications. Exalos existing SLEDs technology is complementary to TeraXion’s fiber-optic technology and immediately expands indie’s ADAS and user experience product and technology. Developed technologies was valued using relief from royalty of the income approach. The selected royalty rate was determined based on an analysis of licensing agreements related to similar technologies and was further adjusted to reflect the maintenance R&D expenses associated with sustaining the technology. The economic useful life was determined to be ten years based on the technology cycle related to each developed technology, as well as the cash flows over the forecast period. Customer relationships represent the fair value of future projected revenue that will be derived from sales of products to existing customers of Exalos. The fair value was determined by applying the excess earnings method of the income approach. The economic useful life was determined to be seven years. Backlog relates to various purchase orders in place with Exalos’ customers at the time of the acquisition. The fair value was determined by applying the excess earnings method of the income approach. The economic useful life was determined to be two years. Trade name relates to the “Exalos” trade name. The fair value was determined by applying the relief from royalty of the income approach. The selected royalty rate was determined based on an analysis of licensing agreements related to similar brand names. The economic useful life was determined to be seven years. The fair value of IPR&D was determined using the relief from royalty of the income approach. The selected royalty rate was determined based on an analysis of licensing agreements related to similar technologies and was further adjusted to reflect the maintenance R&D expenses associated with sustaining the technology. Under both the relief from royalty and multi-period excess earnings methods, the fair value models incorporated estimates of future cash flows, estimates of allocations of certain assets and cash flows, estimates of future growth rates and management’s judgment regarding the applicable discount rates to use to discount such estimates of cash flows. Because the estimates and assumptions made by management at the time of the acquisitions are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement of these acquired identifiable intangible assets, the corresponding fair values are classified as Level 3 fair value hierarchy measurements. Pro forma financial information for Exalos is not disclosed as the results are not material to the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Acquisition of GEO Semiconductor Inc. On February 9, 2023, indie entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger, pursuant to which Gonzaga Merger Sub Inc., a Delaware corporation and indie’s wholly-owned subsidiary, will merge with and into GEO Semiconductor Inc., a Delaware corporation, with GEO surviving as a wholly-owned subsidiary of indie. The aggregate consideration for this transaction consisted of (i) $93,448 in cash (including accrued cash consideration at closing and net of cash acquired); (ii) the issuance by indie of 6,868,768 shares of Class A common stock at closing, with a fair value of $75,556; (iii) 1,907,180 shares of Class A common stock at closing, with a fair value of $20,979 payable after closing for the purpose of adjustment and indemnity holdbacks as described below; and (iv) contingent consideration with fair value of $59,280 at closing payable in cash or in Class A common stock as described below. The purchase price is subject to working capital and other adjustments as provided in the Agreement and Plan of Merger. The transaction was completed on March 3, 2023. The Company incurred various acquisition-related costs, which were primarily legal expense and recorded as part of the S elling, General and Administrative expenses. Total costs incurred are $2,473 for the year ended December 31, 2023. GEO has programs with major image sensor suppliers and is engaged in multiple EV and autonomous vehicle programs. Its products comprise three generations of application specific camera video processors, including those focused on viewing, where video is projected on a display and viewed by the driver, and sensing, where video is processed using advanced computer vision and machine learning algorithms to assist the driver. The unique ability to support both of these key categories is expected to allow indie to deliver solutions in applications ranging from simple backup cameras to full Autonomous Driving platforms. Accordingly, indie paid a premium (i.e., goodwill) over the fair value of the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired as this acquisition is expected to continue to strengthen indie’s expansion into the ADAS and autonomous vehicles market. The goodwill is not expected to be deductible for tax purposes. The Agreement and Plan of Merger allowed the Company to maintain an indemnity and adjustment holdback for the purpose of providing security against any adjustment to the amounts at closing. The indemnity holdback period extends for 24 months from the anniversary of the closing date. The indemnity holdback will be settled by transferring up to 1,566,472 shares of the Company’s Class A common stock. The fair value of the indemnity holdback was $17,231 as of the acquisition date. The adjustment holdback represents up to 340,708 shares of the Company’s stock and its period extended for 60 days from the closing date. The fair value of the adjustment holdback was $3,748 as of the acquisition date. The fair value of any outstanding liabilities will be remeasured as of the end of each reporting period with any resulting remeasurement gains or losses recognized in the consolidated statement of operations. On July 7, 2023, the adjustment holdback was settled and 291,366 shares of Class A common stock were issued with a final fair value of $2,651. Accordingly, the fair value of the adjustment holdback was reduced to zero as of December 31, 2023 and a gain of $1,096 was recorded in Other income (expense), net for the year ended December 31, 2023 in the consolidated statement of operations. The indemnity holdback is reflected in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2024. Total purchase consideration transferred at closing included contingent consideration that had a fair value of $59,280 as of the acquisition date, which was determined by conducting a Monte Carlo Simulation analysis. The contingent consideration is comprised of two tranches, both subject to GEO achieving certain GEO-related revenue targets. The first tranche was payable, up to a maximum of $55,000, upon the achievement of revenue threshold of $20,000 for the twelve-month period ended on March 31, 2024. The second tranche was payable, up to a maximum of $35,000, upon the achievement of revenue threshold of $10,000 for the six-month period ended on September 30, 2024. Both tranches were payable in cash or Class A common stock, at indie’s election. The number of shares issuable through a payment in common stock equaled to the earnout value divided by a 20 days VWAP ending on each earnout period and is collared between $8.50 and $11.50 per share (“Earnout Parent Trading Price”). If the Company elect to pay the earn-out consideration in cash, the amount will be determined by multiplying the number of shares payable by the Earnout Parent Trading Price. The fair value of any outstanding contingent consideration liabilities was remeasured as of the end of each reporting period with any resulting remeasurement gains or losses recognized in the consolidated statement of operations. In May 2024, the Company settled the first tranche through the issuance of 6,096,951 shares of Class A common stock with a fair value of $40,667 at the time of issuance. In December 2024, the Company settled the second tranche through the issuance of 1,015,621 shares of Class A common stock with a fair value of $4,459 at the time of issuance. As of December 31, 2023, the Company finalized the opening net assets acquired and goodwill. The fair value of inventory was calculated using the cost of goods sold to estimate the selling price. The selling price was adjusted for selling costs and a reasonable profit margin. Developed technology relates to a primary product GEO held at the time of acquisition and was valued using Multi-Period Excess Earnings Method (“MPEEM”) approach, which estimates value based upon the present value of future economic benefits. This method determines the value of the specific intangible asset as the present value of ‘excess’ cash flows or income attributable to a specific intangible asset after an appropriate return for all other assets used in the operation of the corresponding business have been accounted for. The economic useful life was determined to be eight years based on the technology cycle, as well as the cash flows over the forecast period. The fair value of IPR&D, was determined using the replacement cost approach, which represents a systematic framework for estimating the value of intangible assets based upon the economic principle of substitution. If the development is abandoned in the future, these assets will be expensed in the period of abandonment. If and when the development activities are completed, IPR&D assets will be reclassified to developed technology, management will make a determination of the useful lives and methods of amortization of these assets. Customer relationships represents the fair value of future projected revenue that will be derived from sales of products to existing customers of GEO. The fair value was determined by applying the distributor method, which is a variation of the MPEEM. The economic useful life was determined to be twelve years. Backlog relates to various purchase orders in place with GEO’s customers at the time of the acquisition. The fair value was determined by applying the distributor method. The economic useful life was determined to be two years. Trade name relates to the trade names held by GEO. The fair value was determined by applying the relief from royalty of the income approach. The selected royalty rate was determined based on an analysis of licensing agreements related to similar brand names. The economic useful life was determined to be eight years. Under both the relief from royalty method and MPEEM, the fair value models incorporated estimates of future cash flows, estimates of allocations of certain assets and cash flows, estimates of future growth rates and management’s judgment regarding the applicable discount rates to use to discount such estimates of cash flows. Because the estimates and assumptions made by management at the time of the acquisitions are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement of these acquired identifiable intangible assets, the corresponding fair values are classified as Level 3 fair value hierarchy measurements. The amount of revenue of GEO included in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations from the acquisition date of March 3, 2023 through December 31, 2023 is $48,417. It is impracticable for the Company to disclose the net earnings of GEO included in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations from the acquisition date of March 3, 2023 through December 31, 2023 as the Company merged GEO into ADK LLC shortly after the acquisition such that the operating activities are comingled within ADK LLC. The unaudited pro forma financial information shown below summarizes the combined results of operations for the Company and GEO as if the closing of the acquisition had occurred on January 1, 2023: Year ended Year ended December 31, 2022 Combined revenue $ 226,839 $ 160,748 Combined net loss before income taxes $ (143,046) $ (87,020) The unaudited pro forma financial information includes adjustments that are directly attributable to the business combination and are factually supportable. Pro forma information reflects adjustments that are expected to have a continuing impact on the Company’s results of operations and are directly attributable to the acquisition. The unaudited pro forma results include adjustments to reflect, among other things, direct transaction costs relating to the acquisition, the incremental intangible asset amortization to be incurred based on the preliminary values of each identifiable intangible asset, and to eliminate a portion of the interest expense related to legacy GEO’s former loans, which were settled upon completion of the acquisition. The unaudited pro forma financial information is presented for illustrative purposes only and is not necessarily indicative of the operating results that would have been realized if the acquisition had taken place on January 1, 2023. Acquisition of Silicon Radar GmbH On February 21, 2023, Symeo, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, completed its acquisition of all of the outstanding capital stock of Silicon Radar. The acquisition was consummated pursuant to a Share Purchase Agreement by and among Symeo, the Company and the holders of the outstanding capital stock of Silicon Radar. The closing consideration consisted of (i) $9,245 in cash (including accrued cash consideration at closing and net of cash acquired), (ii) approximately 982,445 shares of Class A common stock of the Company, with a fair value of $9,834, and (iii) a contingent consideration payable in cash or in Class A common stock subject to Silicon Radar’s achievement of certain revenue-based milestones through February 21, 2025. The fair value of this contingent consideration was $9,240 on February 21, 2023. The purchase price is subject to working capital and other adjustments as provided in the Share Purchase Agreement. The Company paid a premium (i.e., goodwill) over the fair value of the net tangible and identified intangible assets acquired as this acquisition brings the Company an engineering development team with broad experience in radar system, which is expected to expand indie’s entry into the radar market and enable the Company to capture strategic opportunities among Tier 1 customers. The goodwill is not expected to be deductible for tax purposes. indie incurred various acquisition-related costs, which were primarily legal expense and recorded as part of the S elling, General and Administrative expenses. Total costs incurred are $717 for the year ended December 31, 2023. The Company maintained an adjustment holdback for the purpose of providing security against any adjustment to the amounts at closing. The holdback period extended for 12 months from the closing date and was settled by cash in February 2024. Total purchase consideration transferred at closing also included contingent consideration that had a fair value of $9,240 as of the acquisition date, which was determined by conducting a Monte Carlo Simulation Analysis. The contingent consideration is comprised of two tranches, both subject to Silicon Radar achieving certain revenue targets. Both tranches are payable, up to a maximum of $9,000, upon the achievement of revenue threshold of $5,000 for the twelve-month period ended on February 21, 2024 and the achievement of revenue threshold of $7,000 for the twelve-month period ending on February 21, 2025, respectively. Both tranches are payable in cash or Class A common stock, at indie’s election. Should indie elect to pay in common stock, the number of shares issuable through a payment in Class A common stock equals to earnout divided by a volume-weighted-average-price (“VWAP”) for 20 days ending prior to the due date for payment. The fair value of any outstanding contingent consideration liabilities is remeasured as of the end of each reporting period with any resulting remeasurement gains or losses recognized in the consolidated statement of operations. In May 2024, the Company settled the first tranche through the issuance of 1,103,140 shares of Class A common stock with a fair value of $6,045 at the time of issuance. The second tranche of this earn-out liability is reflected in Contingent considerations in the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2024. As of December 31, 2023, the Company finalized the opening net assets acquired and goodwill. The fair value of inventory was calculated using the cost of goods sold to estimate the selling price. The selling price was adjusted for selling costs and a reasonable profit margin. Four separate developed technologies relating to radar sensors with different frequencies were identified at the time of the acquisition. Developed technologies were each valued using relief from royalty of the income approach. The selected royalty rate was determined based on an analysis of licensing agreements related to similar technologies and was further adjusted to reflect the maintenance R&D expenses as |