Integral Ad Science Holding (IAS) 10-K 28 Feb 25 2024 FY Annual report Financial data

Cover Page

Cover Page - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Feb. 21, 2025	Jun. 30, 2024
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-K
Document Annual Report	true
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2024
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-40557
Entity Registrant Name	INTEGRAL AD SCIENCE HOLDING CORP.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	83-0731995
Entity Address, Address Line One	12 E 49th Street,
Entity Address, Address Line Two	20th Floor
Entity Address, City or Town	New York,
Entity Address, State or Province	NY
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	10017
City Area Code	646
Local Phone Number	278-4871
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share
Trading Symbol	IAS
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	Yes
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag	true
Document Financial Statement Error Correction [Flag]	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Public Float			$ 928
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		163,800,302
Documents Incorporated by Reference	Portions of the registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement relating to the 2025 Annual Meeting of Shareholders are incorporated by reference in Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The Proxy Statement will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days of the registrant’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2024.
Amendment Flag	false
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2024
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Entity Central Index Key	0001842718

Audit Information

Audit Information	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Audit Information [Abstract]
Auditor Firm ID	238
Auditor Name	PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Auditor Location	New York, New York

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 84,469	$ 124,759
Restricted cash	506	54
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $$7,454 and $8,645 as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively	79,427	74,609
Unbilled receivables	53,388	46,548
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	36,639	18,959
Due from related party	28	0
Total current assets	254,457	264,929
Property and equipment, net	4,004	3,769
Internal use software, net	53,636	40,301
Intangible assets, net	140,943	178,908
Goodwill	673,025	675,282
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net	17,888	21,668
Deferred tax asset, net	1,675	2,465
Other long-term assets	5,943	4,402
Total assets	1,151,571	1,191,724
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	72,910	72,232
Operating lease liabilities, current	10,184	9,435
Due to related party	11	121
Deferred revenue	1,061	682
Total current liabilities	84,166	82,470
Deferred tax liability, net	3,118	20,367
Long-term debt, net	34,189	153,725
Operating lease liabilities, non-current	13,374	19,523
Other long-term liabilities	8,713	6,183
Total liabilities	143,560	282,268
Commitments and Contingencies
Stockholders’ Equity
Preferred Stock, $0.001 par value, 50,000,000 shares authorized at December 31, 2024; 0 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2024 and 2023	0	0
Common Stock, $0.001 par value, 500,000,000 shares authorized at December 31, 2024, 162,871,266 and 158,757,620 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively	163	159
Additional paid-in-capital	964,765	901,259
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(3,666)	(916)
Retained earnings	46,749	8,954
Total stockholders’ equity	1,008,011	909,456
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$ 1,151,571	$ 1,191,724

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Pa

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Allowance for credit losses on accounts receivable	$ 7,454	$ 8,645
Preferred stock, par value (in usd per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	50,000,000	50,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0	0
Common stock, par value (in usd per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	500,000,000	500,000,000
Common stock, shares, issued (in shares)	162,871,266	158,757,620
Common stock, shares, outstanding (in shares)	162,871,266	158,757,620

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPER

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Revenue	$ 530,101	$ 474,369	$ 408,348
Operating expenses:
Cost of revenue (excluding depreciation and amortization shown below)	113,960	99,352	75,755
Sales and marketing	122,294	117,989	106,286
Technology and development	69,851	72,906	76,351
General and administrative	95,717	111,634	79,654
Depreciation and amortization	63,966	54,966	50,396
Foreign exchange loss, net	3,927	430	4,749
Total operating expenses	469,715	457,277	393,191
Operating income	60,386	17,092	15,157
Interest expense, net	(5,358)	(12,236)	(9,053)
Employee retention tax credit	0	0	6,981
Net income before income taxes	55,028	4,856	13,085
(Provision) benefit for income taxes	(17,233)	2,382	2,288
Net income	$ 37,795	$ 7,238	$ 15,373
Net income per share:
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ 0.23	$ 0.05	$ 0.10
Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ 0.23	$ 0.04	$ 0.10
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic (in shares)	161,060,227	156,272,335	154,699,694
Diluted (in shares)	165,465,836	161,723,131	157,258,083
Other comprehensive income:
Foreign currency translation adjustments	$ (2,750)	$ 1,983	$ (2,584)
Total comprehensive income	$ 35,045	$ 9,221	$ 12,789

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHAN

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS'/MEMBERS' EQUITY - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment	Common Stock	Additional paid-in capital	Accumulated other comprehensive loss	Retained earnings (accumulated deficit)	Retained earnings (accumulated deficit) Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021			154,398,495
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2021	$ 767,190		$ 154	$ 781,951	$ (315)	$ (14,600)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
RSUs and MSUs vested (in shares)			1,084,966
RSUs and MSUs vested	1		$ 1
Option exercises (in shares)			1,586,728
Option exercises	7,155		$ 2	7,153
Stock-based compensation	44,733			44,733
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(2,584)				(2,584)
Repurchase of common stock (in shares)			(3,080,061)
Repurchase of common stock	(23,655)		$ (3)	(23,652)
Net income	15,373					15,373
Ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022			153,990,128
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 808,216	$ 941	$ 154	810,186	(2,899)	775	$ 941
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Accounting standards update [Extensible Enumeration]	Accounting Standards Update 2016-13
RSUs and MSUs vested (in shares)			3,492,130
RSUs and MSUs vested	$ 4		$ 4
Option exercises (in shares)			1,001,793
Option exercises	7,989		$ 1	7,988
ESPP purchase (in shares)			273,569
ESPP purchase	2,306			2,306
Stock-based compensation	80,779			80,779
Foreign currency translation adjustment	1,983				1,983
Net income	$ 7,238					7,238
Ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023	158,757,620		158,757,620
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2023	$ 909,456		$ 159	901,259	(916)	8,954
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
RSUs and MSUs vested (in shares)			3,723,743
RSUs and MSUs vested	4		$ 4
Option exercises (in shares)			64,049
Option exercises	409			409
ESPP purchase (in shares)			325,854
ESPP purchase	3,373			3,373
Stock-based compensation	59,724			59,724
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(2,750)				(2,750)
Net income	$ 37,795					37,795
Ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2024	162,871,266		162,871,266
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2024	$ 1,008,011		$ 163	$ 964,765	$ (3,666)	$ 46,749

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$ 37,795	$ 7,238	$ 15,373
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	63,966	54,966	50,396
Stock-based compensation	59,762	81,103	44,752
Foreign currency loss (gain), net	2,898	(484)	5,233
Deferred tax benefit	(16,417)	(21,531)	(8,880)
Amortization of debt issuance costs	464	463	464
Allowance for credit losses	21	3,816	1,837
Employee retention tax credit	0	0	(6,981)
Impairment of assets	170	33	974
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Increase in accounts receivable	(6,223)	(8,148)	(18,581)
Increase in unbilled receivables	(7,369)	(4,685)	(5,830)
(Increase) decrease in prepaid expenses and other current assets	(18,722)	6,418	(10,641)
Increase in operating leases, net	(1,561)	(29)	(852)
(Increase) decrease in other long-term assets	(1,785)	375	(1,057)
Increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses and other long-term liabilities	4,654	11,478	6,286
Increase (decrease) in deferred revenue	383	582	(88)
(Decrease) increase in due to/from related party	(138)	28	62
Net cash provided by operating activities	117,898	131,623	72,467
Cash flows from investing activities:
Payment for acquisitions, net of acquired cash	0	(966)	(1,603)
Purchase of property and equipment	(1,784)	(1,975)	(2,016)
Acquisition and development of internal use software and other	(38,760)	(31,777)	(14,673)
Net cash used in investing activities	(40,544)	(34,718)	(18,292)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Repayment of long-term debt	(120,000)	(145,000)	(35,000)
Repayment of short-term debt	0	0	(1,816)
Proceeds from the Revolver	0	75,000	15,000
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	409	7,989	7,155
Payments for repurchase of common stock	0	0	(23,655)
Cash received from Employee Stock Purchase Program (ESPP)	3,213	3,160	845
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(116,378)	(58,851)	(37,471)
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	(39,024)	38,054	16,704
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash	(931)	(435)	(3,111)
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, at beginning of year	127,290	89,671	76,078
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, at end of year	87,335	127,290	89,671
Net cash paid during the year for:
Interest	4,901	11,229	8,511
Taxes	34,800	10,985	16,396
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Lease liabilities arising from right-of-use assets	6,030	6,282	29,624
Property, Plant and Equipment
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Assets acquired included in accounts payable	324	431	97
Software Development
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Assets acquired included in accounts payable	$ 816	$ 1,444	$ 1,517

Description of business

Description of business	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Description of business	Description of business Integral Ad Science Holding Corp. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (together, the “Company” or "IAS"), formerly known as Kavacha Topco, LLC, is a leading global digital advertising verification company by revenue. The Company’s mission is to be the global benchmark for trust and transparency in digital media quality for the world’s leading brands, publishers, and platforms. The Company’s cloud-based technology platform provides actionable insights and delivers independent measurement and verification of digital advertising across all devices, channels, and formats, including desktop, mobile, connected TV (“CTV”), social, display, and video. The Company’s proprietary and Media Rating Council (the “MRC”) accredited Quality Impression ® metric is designed to verify that digital ads are served to a real person rather than a bot in a brand-safe and suitable environment within the correct geography. The Company is an independent, trusted partner for buyers and sellers of digital advertising to increase accountability, transparency, and effectiveness in the market. The Company helps advertisers optimize their ad spend and better measure consumer engagement with campaigns across platforms, while enabling publishers to improve their inventory yield and revenue. The Company operates within the United States ("U.S.") in New York, California, and Illinois. Operations outside the U.S. include but are not limited to countries such as the United Kingdom ("U.K."), Ireland, France, Germany, Spain, Italy, Singapore, Australia, Japan, India and the Nordics.

Basis of presentation and summa

Basis of presentation and summary of significant accounting policies	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Basis of presentation and summary of significant accounting policies	Basis of presentation and summary of significant accounting policies This summary of significant accounting policies is presented to assist in understanding the Company’s consolidated financial statements. These accounting policies have been consistently applied in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements. (a) Basis of presentation The Company’s consolidated financial statements are presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and reflect the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for all periods presented. (b) Basis of consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Integral Ad Science Holding Corp. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All material intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. (c) Use of estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Significant estimates include the estimated useful lives of intangible assets and internal use software, the allowance for credit losses, goodwill impairment testing, assumptions used to calculate equity-based compensation, and the realization of deferred tax assets. The Company bases its estimates on past experience, market conditions, and other assumptions that the Company believes are reasonable under the circumstances, and the Company evaluates these estimates on an ongoing basis. Actual results may differ from these estimates due to risks and uncertainties, including the continued uncertainty surrounding the stability of economic conditions due to high inflation, changes to fiscal and monetary policy, higher interest rates, currency fluctuations, fluctuations in the financial markets and disruptions in European economies as a result of the war in Ukraine and other geopolitical issues. (d) Employee retention tax credit The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the "CARES Act") provided an employee retention credit which was a refundable tax credit against certain employment taxes. The Consolidated Appropriations Act (the "Appropriations Act") extended and expanded the availability of the employee retention credit through December 31, 2021. The Appropriations Act amended the employee retention credit to be equal to 70% of qualified wages paid to employees during 2021. The Company qualified for the employee retention credit beginning in March 2020 for qualified wages through June 2021 and filed a cash refund claim during the year ended December 31, 2022. The employee retention credit totaling $6,981, within Employee retention tax credit on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income and included within Prepaid expenses and other current assets on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2022. (e) Foreign currency The reporting currency of the Company is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of our foreign subsidiaries is the currency of the primary economic environment in which they operate, which is their local currency. The financial statements of these subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars using month-end rates of exchange for assets and liabilities, and average rates of exchange for revenue, costs and expenses. Translation gains and losses are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income in stockholders’ equity. Transaction gains and losses including those on intercompany transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of the entity involved are included in foreign exchange loss, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income. For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, foreign exchange loss, net consists of unrealized foreign exchange losses of $2,898, gains of $484 and losses of $5,229, respectively, and realized transaction losses of $1,029 and $914 and gains of $480, respectively. (f) Concentrations of credit risk Our assets that are exposed to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. Cash equivalents consist of money market funds, which are invested through financial institutions in the United States. Such deposits may, at times, exceed federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses in such amounts and believes it is not exposed to any significant credit risk to cash. Accounts receivable is spread over many customers in various countries. The Company maintains an allowance for credit losses on uncollectible accounts receivable based on expected collectability and through the ongoing performance of credit evaluations of customers’ financial condition. As of December 31, 2024, and 2023, no customer accounted for more than 10% of accounts receivable. (g) Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash Cash and cash equivalents include money market accounts and other highly liquid investments with an original maturity date of three months or less at the time of purchase. Cash amounts with restrictions are classified as restricted cash within the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company generated interest income of $2,999, $2,774, and $466 during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The following table provides a roll forward of the changes in the restricted cash balance: Restricted cash as of December 31, 2022 $ 2,794 Release of deposits for facilities leases no longer restricted (256) Release of deposits for medical claims and other (7) Restricted cash as of December 31, 2023 $ 2,531 Release of deposits for facilities leases no longer restricted (104) Deposits for medical claims and other 439 Restricted cash as of December 31, 2024 $ 2,866 The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash reported within the Consolidated Balance Sheets to the amounts shown in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. December 31, 2024 2023 Cash and cash equivalents $ 84,469 $ 124,759 Short-term restricted cash 506 54 Long-term restricted cash (held in other long-term assets) 2,360 2,477 Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash shown in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows $ 87,335 $ 127,290 (h) Accounts receivable, net Accounts receivable are carried at the original invoiced amount less an allowance for credit losses. The allowance is estimated estimated by pooling accounts receivables based on similar risk characteristics, and expected credit loss exposure is evaluated for each accounts receivable pool. Invoices are typically issued with net 30-days to net 90-days terms. Account balances are considered delinquent if payment is not received by the due date, and the receivables are written off when deemed uncollectible. The allowance for credit losses is recorded in general and administrative expenses within the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income. The activity in our allowance for credit losses consists of the following: December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Balance at beginning of year $ 8,645 $ 6,691 $ 5,883 Additional provision 21 3,816 1,837 Receivables written-off/reversals (1,212) (591) (1,029) Impact of ASC 326 adoption — (1,271) — Balance at the end of year $ 7,454 $ 8,645 $ 6,691 (i) Property and equipment, net Property and equipment are recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheet at cost less accumulated depreciation. The Company depreciates its property and equipment using the straight-line method of depreciation over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets, with the exception of leasehold improvements, which is the shorter of the useful life of the asset or the lease term. The cost of repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred. Major renewals or improvements that extend the useful lives of the assets are capitalized. When assets are retired or disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation thereon are removed, and any resulting gain or loss is recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income. Long lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable. Recoverability is assessed based on the future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. If the sum of the undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset, an impairment loss is recognized. Any impairment loss, if indicated, is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its estimated fair value and is recognized as a reduction in the carrying amount of the asset. As of December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, there were no events or changes in circumstances to indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable. (j) Leases For arrangements where there is an identified asset and the contract conveys the right to control its use, the Company will recognize lease liabilities at the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. Right-of-use ("ROU") assets represent the Company's right to use leased assets over the term of the lease, adjusted for incremental direct costs and lease incentives such as tenant improvements. ROU assets and lease liabilities are determined based on the present value of future lease payments using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, the incremental borrowing rate. Incremental borrowing rates were determined for each lease based on the Company's borrowing rate adjusted for term differences and foreign currency risk. For operating leases, ROU assets are reduced over the lease term by the straight-line lease expense recognized less the amount of accretion of the lease liability determined using the effective interest method. Some real estate leases contain lease and non-lease components. Non-lease components generally represent use-based charges for common area maintenance, taxes and utilities. The Company has elected not to separate lease and non-lease components. Variable lease payments consist primarily of common area maintenance, utilities and taxes, which are not included in the recognition of ROU assets and related lease liabilities. The Company recognizes variable lease payments in the period in which the obligation for those payments is incurred. Some contracts also contain lease incentives such as tenant improvement allowances and rent holidays, which are treated as a reduction of lease payments for the measurement of the lease liability. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet and lease expense for these arrangements is recorded as paid over the lease term. The Company will recognize renewal options as part of its right-of-use assets and lease liabilities if it concludes that it is reasonably certain to exercise the option. Additionally, these lease arrangements do not contain residual value guarantees, and there are no other restrictions or covenants in the contracts. As of December 31, 2024, the Company has one sublease classified as an operating lease. For subleases classified as operating leases, the Company records sublease income as a reduction of lease expense on the straight-line method over the term of the sublease. All long-lived assets used in the Company’s operations are subject to review for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability is assessed based on the future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. If the sum of the undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset, an impairment loss is recognized. Any impairment loss, if indicated, is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its estimated fair value and is recognized as a reduction in the carrying amount of the asset. As of December 31, 2024, there were no events or changes in circumstances to indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable. (k) Goodwill Goodwill is the excess of purchase price over the fair value of the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired. In testing goodwill for impairment, there is an option to begin with a qualitative assessment, commonly referred to as “Step 0”, to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit containing goodwill is less than its carrying value. This qualitative assessment may include, but is not limited to, reviewing factors such as macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, cost factors, entity-specific financial performance and other events, such as changes in management, strategy and primary user base. If the Company determines that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value, then a quantitative goodwill impairment analysis is performed which is referred to as “Step 1”. Depending upon the results of that analysis, if the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, goodwill may be written down and impairment expense is recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income. As of December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, there were no impairment charges taken. (l) Intangible assets, net Intangible assets consist of developed technology, customer relationships, favorable leases, and trademarks. Intangible assets are recorded at fair value at the time of their acquisition and are stated within our Consolidated Balance Sheets net of accumulated amortization. Intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis or using an accelerated method, over their estimated useful lives. Amortization expenses are recorded as operating expenses (m) Fair value measurements The Company follows ASC 820-10, Fair Value Measurements , which defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and requires certain disclosures about fair value measurements. Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction. Fair value measurement is based on a hierarchy of observable or unobservable inputs. The standard describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value. Level 1 — Inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices available in active markets for identical securities as of the reporting date; Level 2 — Inputs to the valuation methodology are other significant observable inputs, including quoted prices for similar securities, interest rates, credit risk etc. as of the reporting date, and the fair value can be determined through the use of models or other valuation methodologies; and Level 3 — Inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable inputs in situations where there is little, or no market activity of the securities and the reporting entity makes estimates and assumptions relating to the pricing of the securities including assumptions regarding risk. We segregate all financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis into the most appropriate level within the fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used to determine the fair value at the measurement date. (n) Revenue recognition The Company’s customers include advertisers and publishers. The Company’s pre-bid and post-bid verification solutions enable global advertisers to measure campaign performance and viewability to help deliver high quality ad inventory through ad fraud prevention, brand safety and suitability, and contextual targeting for ads on desktop, mobile in-app, social, and CTV platforms. The Company's pre-bid optimization solution is directly integrated with DSPs to help optimize return on ad spend by directing budgets to the best available inventory. The Company’s solutions help publishers globally deliver high quality ad inventory that is fraud free, viewable, brand safe and suitable, and geographically targeted. The Company's revenue is derived from three distinct channels: • Optimization revenue represents pre-bid solutions which help optimize return on ad spend by directing budgets to the most effective inventory. • Measurement revenue represents post-bid solutions which measure campaign performance and value across viewability, ad fraud prevention, brand safety and suitability, attention, and more. • Publisher revenue represents solutions with publisher customers that identify high quality ad inventory that is fraud free, viewable, brand safe and suitable, and geographically targeted on a global basis. Publisher revenue is also derived from our Publica LLC ("Publica") business through an IAS suite of CTV ad serving products that publishers adopt to help them power their streaming ad break decisioning. The Company recognizes revenue under the five-step model in accordance with ASC 606. Identify the contract with a customer The Company maintains agreements with each customer primarily in the form of written master service agreements, which set out the rights and obligations of the arrangement, including key terms and access to the Company’s platform. The Company ensures the following criteria are met when determining if a contract exists (i) contract is approved by all parties, (ii) each party’s rights regarding the services to be transferred are identified, (iii) payment terms are specified, (iv) contract has commercial substance, and (v) collectability of substantially all consideration is probable. Identify the performance obligations in the contract For all contracts, the Company identifies performance obligations at contract inception by evaluating whether the promised services are distinct. Promises identified within contracts may include multiple promised services, consisting of various impression measurement services the Company offers. For these services, each impression is distinct and has the same pattern of transfer to the customer. These services are generally delivered together as impressions are measured. Performance obligations within the majority of the Company’s contracts comprise a series of distinct services that are recognized over time and are treated as a single performance obligation. Determine the transaction price Once the Company identifies the performance obligations within the contract, the Company will determine the transaction price based on contractual amounts and stated terms. Contracts with the Company’s customers primarily utilize a usage-based structure, where CPM pricing is consistent over the contract term. Contracts with the Company’s customers may also utilize other pricing arrangements, including minimum commitments, overages based on tiered pricing or flat fees. Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract Transaction prices in the Company’s arrangements are allocated to each distinct service, ensuring that revenue is recorded in the right period and for the right amount. Recognize revenue when a performance obligation is satisfied The Company recognizes revenue over time when control of the promised services are transferred to customers. The Company is providing services that the customer is continuously consuming and receiving benefit from or upon completion of the service. The Company recognizes revenue by multiplying the CPM and the number of impressions measured. An impression is measured by the platform when a digital ad is served to a real person rather than a bot in a brand-safe and suitable environment within the correct geography. The Company utilizes the “right to invoice” practical expedient as the invoiced amount directly corresponds to the value of the Company’s performance to date. The Company evaluated arrangements with its customers where the customer purchases the Company’s services through a DSP to determine if such revenue should be reported on a gross or net basis. In these arrangements, the demand side platform collects the fee on behalf of the Company for the purchase of advertising inventory on an exchange. In these transactions, the Company is primarily responsible for providing these services directly to the customer and has latitude in establishing the sales price with the customers. As a result, the Company records revenue for the gross amounts paid by the customers for these services and records the amounts retained by the demand side platforms as a cost of revenue. Invoices are typically issued with net 30-days to net 90-days terms and customers do not have a contractual right to refunds. Cash payments received prior to the Company’s delivery of its services are recorded to deferred revenue until the performance obligation is satisfied. The Company recorded deferred revenue (contract liabilities) to account for billings in excess of revenue recognized, primarily related to contractual minimums billed in advance and customer prepayment of $1,061 and $682 as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company recognizes expenses when direct fulfillment costs are incurred. Sales commissions represent incremental contract costs of obtaining a contract. The majority of these costs are recorded in sales and marketing expenses within the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income. See Note 11, Segment data, for disaggregated revenue by geographic region. (o) Net income per share Basic net income per share is computed by dividing the net income by the weighted-average number of shares outstanding during the reporting period, without consideration for potentially dilutive securities. Diluted net net income per share is computed by dividing the net income attributable to the shareholders by the weighted-average number of shares and potentially dilutive securities outstanding during the period. (p) Income taxes The Company is subject to U.S. federal, state, local, and foreign income taxation on its income. The Company accounts for income taxes using an asset and liability approach, which requires estimates of taxes payable or refunds for the current period and estimates of deferred income tax assets and liabilities for the anticipated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the corresponding amounts used for income tax purposes. Current and deferred income tax assets and liabilities are based on provisions of the enacted income tax laws and are measured using the enacted income tax rates and laws that are expected to be in effect when the future tax events are expected to reverse. The effects of future changes in income tax laws or rates are not anticipated. The income tax provision is comprised of the current income tax expense and the change in deferred income tax assets and liabilities. The portion of any deferred tax asset for which it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will not be realized is offset by recording a valuation allowance. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. The tax effects of an uncertain tax position ("UTP") taken or expected to be taken in income tax returns are recognized only if it is “more-likely-than-not” to be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on its technical merits as of the reporting date. The tax benefits recognized in the consolidated financial statements from such a position are measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. The Company recognizes estimated interest and penalties related to UTPs in income tax expense. The Company recognizes the resolution of an UTP in the period when it is effectively settled. Previously recognized tax positions are derecognized in the first period in which it is no longer more likely than not that the tax position would be sustained upon examination. The Company evaluated all potential uncertain tax positions and identified no significant uncertain positions. (q) Business combinations The Company determines if the acquisition of an entity or a group of assets is a business combination, which is accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting. Under the acquisition method, once control is obtained of a business, the assets acquired, and liabilities assumed, including amounts attributed to noncontrolling interests, are recorded at fair value. The Company uses its best estimates and assumptions to assign fair value to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date. One of the most significant estimates relates to the determination of the fair value of these assets and liabilities. The determination of the fair values is based on estimates and judgments made by management. The Company’s estimates of fair value are based upon assumptions it believes to be reasonable, but which are inherently uncertain and unpredictable. Additionally, uncertain tax positions and tax-related valuation allowances are recorded in connection with a business combination as of the acquisition date. Measurement period adjustments are reflected at the time identified, up through the conclusion of the measurement period, which is the time at which all information for determination of the values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed is received and is not to exceed one year from the acquisition date. The Company may record adjustments to the fair value of these tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with the corresponding offset to goodwill. If outside of the measurement period, any subsequent adjustments are recorded in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income. (r) Stock-based compensation Stock-based compensation is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is recognized as expense over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur. The fair value of restricted stock units ("RSUs") that vest over a period of time subject to continued employment is determined on the grant date based on the grant date closing stock price. The Company used the assumptions below in valuing its time-based service options, which vest over a period of time subject to continued employment ("Time-Based Options"), return target options ("Return-Target Options"), which vest upon a realized cash return of the equity investment of Vista Equity Partners ("Vista"), and funds controlled by Vista and registration of the shares held by Vista, market stock units ("MSUs"), and shares to be purchased under the 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("ESPP"). Expected term — For time-based awards, the estimated expected term of options granted is generally calculated as the vesting period plus the midpoint of the remaining contractual term, as the Company does not have sufficient historical information to develop reasonable expectations surrounding future exercise patterns and post-vesting employment termination behavior. For awards subject to market and performance conditions, the expected term represents the period of time that the options granted are expected to be outstanding. Expected volatility — Volatility is estimated based upon observed option implied volatilities for the Company in addition to a group of peer companies. The Company believes this is the best estimate of the expected volatility over the weighted-average expected term of its option grants. Risk-free interest rate — The risk-free interest rate is based on the implied yield currently available on U.S. Treasury instruments with terms approximately equal to the expected term of the option. Expected dividend — The expected dividend assumption was based on the Company’s history and expectation of dividend payouts. The Company currently has no history or expectation of paying cash dividends on its units. Fair value — Prior to the IPO, because there was no public market for the Company’s common stock/units, the board of directors determined the best estimate of the fair value of the Company’s option grants, based on reasonable judgment and numerous objective and subjective factors, including independent third-party valuations of the Company’s common stock/units, operating and financial performance, and general and industry-specific economic outlook, amongst other factors. As a result of the IPO, the Company’s shares are traded in the public market, and accordingly the Company uses the applicable closing price of its common stock to determine fair value. December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Estimated fair value $3.19 - $14.86 $3.35 - $38.36 $3.26 - $15.15 Expected volatility (%) 43.0% - 66.0% 50.0% - 65.0% 70.0% - 80.0% Expected term (in years) 0.43 - 4.00 0.26 - 4.00 0.50 - 4.00 Risk-free interest rate (%) 4.21% - 5.15% 3.63% - 5.55% 2.96% - 3.97% Dividend yield — — — (s) Internal use software, net Software development costs consist primarily of costs incurred in research and development, software engineering, and web design activities and related employee compensation costs to create, enhance, and deploy the software infrastructure. Software development costs are expensed as incurred where the amounts primarily relate to planning activities, minor developments or normal maintenance activities that do not meet the requirements under ASC 350-40, Internal Use Software. The majority of these costs are recorded in technology and development expenses in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income. Capitalized costs would include costs incurred during the software development stage, which occurs after the preliminary design stage. Such costs include consultant costs and salaries of engineers and data scientists. Enhancements to existing internal use software are capitalized when it is more likely than not that they will result in significant additional capabilities. For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively, the Company incurred $38,585, $31,749 and $15,379 of costs that met the requirements of internal use software capitalization, with $816 and $1,444 of these costs included in accounts payable as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. These costs were capitalized when incurred and are recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at cost less accumulated amortization. The Company amortizes the software using the straight-line method over three years. (t) Advertising Costs The Company expenses advertising costs as incurred. The Company incurred $2,328, $2,900 and $2,333 in advertising expense during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. (u) Recently adopted accounting pronouncements In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-2, “Leases (Topic 842)” (“ASU No. 2016-2”). Under ASU No. 2016-2, lessees are required to put most leases on their balance sheets but to recognize expenses in the income statement in a manner similar to current accounting. ASU No. 2016-2 also eliminated the current real estate-specific provisions and changed the guidance on sale-leaseback transactions, initial direct costs, and lease executory costs for all entities. The updated guidance was effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2022. Upon adoption, entities are required to use the modified retrospective approach for leases that exist, or are entered into, after the beginning of the earliest comparative period in the financial statements. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842), Targeted Improvements, which allows entities to not apply the new leases standard, including its disclosure requirements, in the comparative periods they present in their financial statements in the year of adoption. The Company adopted ASU No. 2016-2 on January 1, 2022 using the modified retrospective transition approach, which resulted in the recognition of right-of-use assets of $21,666 and lease liabilities of $29,361. Differences between ROU assets and lease liabilities are attributed to deferred rent, lease incentive obligations and a ceas

Revenue

Revenue	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Revenue	Revenue The following table disaggregates revenue by channel: Year Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Optimization revenue $ 242,624 $ 224,473 $ 190,608 Measurement revenue 210,964 186,049 154,929 Publisher revenue 76,513 63,847 62,811 Total revenue $ 530,101 $ 474,369 $ 408,348 Remaining Performance Obligations Remaining performance obligations represent the transaction price of contracts for services that have not yet been performed. As of December 31, 2024, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations to be recognized over the next one these performance obligations. For Contracts that have a duration of one year or less, the Company has not disclosed the remaining performance obligation.

Property and equipment, net

Property and equipment, net	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Property and equipment, net	Property and equipment, net Property and equipment consisted of the following: December 31, Estimated 2024 2023 Computer and office equipment 1-3 years $ 3,893 $ 4,070 Computer software 3-5 years — 218 Leasehold improvements Various 2,794 2,535 Furniture 5 years 573 585 Total property and equipment 7,260 7,408 Less: accumulated depreciation (3,256) (3,639) Total property and equipment, net $ 4,004 $ 3,769 Depreciation and amortization expense of property and equipment for years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 was $1,322, $1,050 and $907, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 the Company wrote off assets of $1,655, $267 and $294, respectively.

Internal use software, net

Internal use software, net	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Internal Use Software [Abstract]
Internal use software, net	Internal use software, net Internal use software consisted of the following: December 31, Estimated 2024 2023 Internal use software 3 - 5 years $ 101,326 $ 69,797 Less: asset impairments (170) (33) Less: accumulated amortization (47,520) (29,463) Total internal use software, net $ 53,636 $ 40,301 Amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 was $24,902, $15,087 and $9,632, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2024, and 2023 the Company wrote-off $6,599 and $9,625, respectively, of fully-amortized assets. For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, the Company wrote-off $170, $33, and $199, respectively, of costs related to projects that were no longer being implemented, which were recorded in general and administrative expenses within the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income. The estimated amortization expense for assets held at December 31, 2024, is as follows: Estimated Amortization Expense 2025 $ 27,604 2026 18,923 2027 7,109 Total $ 53,636

Intangible assets, net

Intangible assets, net	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Intangible assets, net	Intangible assets, net The gross book value, accumulated amortization, net book value and amortization periods of the intangible assets were as follows: December 31, 2024 Estimated Gross Book Accumulated Net Book Weighted Customer relationships 5-15 years $ 301,921 $ (171,150) $ 130,771 7.7 years Developed technology 5 years 136,889 (131,300) 5,589 1.8 years Trademarks 5-9 years 19,700 (15,117) 4,583 2.4 years Total $ 458,510 $ (317,567) $ 140,943 December 31, 2023 Estimated Gross Book Accumulated Net Book Weighted Customer relationships 5-15 years $ 301,994 $ (142,135) $ 159,859 8.6 years Developed technology 5 years 137,361 (125,426) 11,935 2.6 years Trademarks 5-9 years 19,700 (12,604) 7,096 3.4 years Favorable leases 6 years 198 (180) 18 0.5 years Total $ 459,253 $ (280,345) $ 178,908 Amortization expense related to intangibles for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 were $37,742, $38,829 and $39,857, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company wrote-off $198 of fully-amortized favorable lease assets and the corresponding accumulated amortization. Amortization expense for the subsequent five years and thereafter is as follows: 2025 $ 34,069 2026 29,835 2027 20,616 2028 14,340 2029 12,617 2030 and thereafter 29,466 Total $ 140,943

Goodwill

Goodwill	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Goodwill	Goodwill The following table provides a roll forward of the changes in the goodwill balance: Goodwill as of December 31, 2022 $ 674,094 Impact of changes in exchange rates and other 1,188 Goodwill as of December 31, 2023 $ 675,282 Impact of changes in exchange rates and other (2,257) Goodwill as of December 31, 2024 $ 673,025 For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, there were no impairment losses related to goodwill.

Accounts payable and accrued ex

Accounts payable and accrued expenses and other long-term liabilities	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Payables and Accruals [Abstract]
Accounts payable and accrued expenses and other long-term liabilities	Accounts payable and accrued expenses and other long-term liabilities Accounts payable and accrued expenses consisted of the following: December 31, 2024 2023 Accounts payable $ 16,205 $ 12,092 Accrued payroll 7,123 9,250 Accrued professional fees 3,780 3,281 Accrued bonuses and commissions 19,781 20,413 Accrued revenue sharing 4,500 4,136 Taxes payable 6,673 6,436 Accrued hosting fees 6,006 9,475 Other accrued expenses 8,842 7,149 Total accounts payable and accrued expenses $ 72,910 $ 72,232 Other long-term liabilities consisted of the following: December 31, 2024 2023 Security deposit received $ 672 $ 672 Uncertain tax positions 8,041 5,511 Total other long-term liabilities $ 8,713 $ 6,183

Long-term debt

Long-term debt	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Long-term debt	Long-term debt On September 29, 2021, the Company entered into a credit agreement with various lenders, which was amended on June 23, 2023 (as amended, the "Credit Agreement"), that provides for an initial $300,000 in commitments for revolving credit loans (the "Revolver"), which amount may be increased or decreased under specific circumstances, with a $30,000 letter of credit sublimit and a $100,000 alternative currency sublimit. In addition, the Credit Agreement provides for the ability to request incremental term loan facilities, in a minimum amount of $5,000 for each facility. Borrowings pursuant to the Credit Agreement may be used for working capital and other general corporate purposes, including for acquisitions permitted under the Credit Agreement. In connection with the Revolver, the Company incurred costs of $2,318 that are included in Long-term debt, net, in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. During the years ended December 31, 2024, and 2023 the Company drew $0 and $75,000, respectively, and paid down $120,000 and $145,000, respectively, under the Revolver. Borrowings under the Credit Agreement are scheduled to mature on September 29, 2026. The Credit Agreement contains certain customary events of default including failure to make payments when due thereunder, and failure to observe or perform certain covenants. The June 23, 2023, amendment changed the market interest rate on outstanding borrowings from LIBOR to SOFR. The amendment became effective at the end of the applicable interest period for any LIBOR borrowings outstanding on the amendment effective date, which was June 30, 2023. The interest rates for the Revolver under the Credit Agreement (i) for U.S. dollar loans are equal to (i) the applicable rate for base rate loans ranging from 0.75% to 1.50% per annum, (ii) for Term SOFR Loans (as defined in the Credit Agreement) ranging from 1.75% to 2.50% per annum, (iii) for RFR Loans (as defined in the Credit Agreement) denominated in sterling ranging from 1.7826% to 2.5326%, and (iv) for RFR Loans denominated in euro range from 1.7965% to 2.5456%, in each case, based on the Senior Secured Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement). Base rate borrowings may only be made in dollars. The Company is required to pay a commitment fee during the term of the Credit Agreement ranging from 0.20% to 0.35% per annum of the average daily undrawn portion of the revolving commitments based on the Senior Secured Net Leverage Ratio. The interest rate on December 31, 2024 was 6.4%. Any borrowings under the Credit Agreement may be repaid, in whole or in part, at any time and from time to time without premium or penalty other than customary breakage costs, and any amounts repaid may be reborrowed. No mandatory prepayments will be required other than when borrowings and letter of credit usage exceed the aggregate commitment of all lenders. The Credit Agreement contains covenants requiring certain financial information to be submitted quarterly and annually. In addition, the Company is also required to comply with certain financial covenants such as maintaining a Total Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement) of 3.50:1.00 or lower and maintaining a minimum Interest Coverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement) of 2.50 to 1.00. As of December 31, 2024, the Company was in compliance with all covenants contained in the Credit Agreement. December 31, 2024 2023 Revolver $ 35,000 $ 155,000 Less: Unamortized long-term debt issuance costs (811) (1,275) Total carrying amount $ 34,189 $ 153,725 Amortization expense related to debt issuance costs for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 was $464, $463 and $464, respectively. The Company recognized interest expense of $7,893, $14,547 and $9,055 during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Amortization of debt issuance costs is recorded to interest expense, net on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income. Future principal payments of long-term debt as of December 31, 2024 are as follows: Future Principal Payments 2025 $ — 2026 35,000 Total principal payments $ 35,000

Income taxes

Income taxes	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income taxes	Income taxes The components of net income before provision (benefit) for income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 are as follows: December 31, 2024 2023 2022 United States $ 36,803 $ 29,769 $ 6,819 Foreign Operations 18,225 (24,913) 6,266 Net income before income taxes $ 55,028 $ 4,856 $ 13,085 The components of the provision (benefit) for income taxes are as follows: December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Current tax provision Federal $ 24,606 $ 12,889 $ 1,094 Foreign 6,155 4,755 3,497 State and Local 2,889 1,505 2,001 Current tax provision 33,650 19,149 6,592 Deferred tax (benefit) provision Federal (18,853) (12,263) (661) Foreign 736 606 (1,185) State and Local 1,700 (9,874) (7,034) Deferred tax (benefit) (16,417) (21,531) (8,880) Provision (benefit) for income taxes $ 17,233 $ (2,382) $ (2,288) The following table presents a reconciliation of the statutory federal rate and the Company’s effective tax rate for the periods presented: December 31, 2024 2023 2022 U.S. federal statutory income tax rate 21.0% 21.0% 21.0% State income taxes, net of federal benefit 7.0 (145.1) (41.3) Effect of non-U.S. operations 5.7 120.7 (0.7) Section 162(m) 4.0 134.1 24.4 Stock-based compensation 3.5 (7.1) 23.8 Transaction expenses — 7.9 (14.7) US tax on foreign earnings 5.3 (39.2) (6.5) R&D and other credits (18.6) (189.5) (23.3) Change in valuation allowance 3.3 42.7 — Meals and entertainment 0.3 3.8 — Other (0.2) 1.6 (0.2) Provision (benefit) for income taxes 31.3% (49.1)% (17.5)% The income tax provision for the year ended December 31, 2024 relates primarily to current period income, increased by non-deductible expenses relating to stock-based compensation, unfavorable change in state tax rates, increase in the valuation allowance and offset by research and development and other tax credits. The income tax benefit for the years ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 relates primarily to research and development and other tax credits, favorable change in state tax rates, release of the valuation allowance, and deductible transaction costs. Deferred income taxes reflect the tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. The components of net deferred tax liability for the years ended December 31, 2024, and 2023 are as follows: December 31, 2024 2023 Deferred tax assets Net Operating Loss (“NOL”) and other carryforwards $ 11,244 $ 13,076 Stock-based compensation 6,901 5,704 Tax credit carryforward 2,731 1,573 Lease liability 4,051 6,655 Payroll and commissions 3,431 4,106 Allowance for credit losses 2,044 1,930 Section 174 capitalized costs 27,352 17,651 Accrued expenses and other liabilities 1,737 — Total deferred tax assets 59,491 50,695 Valuation allowance (7,051) (5,292) Net deferred tax assets $ 52,440 $ 45,403 Deferred tax liabilities Depreciation and amortization $ (28,074) $ (33,139) Outside basis difference (22,831) (24,315) Right of use asset (2,978) (5,359) Accrued expenses and other liabilities — (492) Total deferred tax liabilities (53,883) (63,305) Net deferred tax liability $ (1,443) $ (17,902) Deferred tax liabilities and assets are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been reflected in the consolidated financial statements. Deferred tax liabilities and assets are determined based on the differences between the book and tax bases of particular assets and liabilities, using tax rates in effect for the years in which the differences are expected to reverse. The Company evaluates the realizability of deferred tax assets on a jurisdictional basis at each reporting date. In evaluating our ability to recover deferred tax assets within the jurisdiction from which they arise, we consider all available positive and negative evidence, including scheduled reversals of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, tax-planning strategies, and results of recent operations. A valuation allowance is established when it is more likely than not that all or a portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. In circumstances where there is sufficient negative evidence indicating that the deferred tax assets are not realizable, the Company establishes a valuation allowance. The Company recorded valuation allowances in the amounts of $7,051 and $5,292 at December 31, 2024, and 2023, respectively. The Company recorded a valuation allowance against NOL and foreign tax credit carryforwards. The Company released $1,855 of its valuation allowance for the year ended December 31, 2023, which was originally established against certain NOL carryforwards, and is primarily attributable to the Company’s improved profitability. The Company has not provided for U.S. federal income and foreign withholding taxes on undistributed earnings from non-U.S. operations as of December 31, 2024, because the Company intends to reinvest such earnings indefinitely outside of the United States. If the Company were to distribute these earnings, foreign tax credits may become available under current law to reduce the resulting U.S. income tax liability. The amount of any unrecognized deferred tax liability related to these earnings is not practicable to determine. The Company had U.S. federal net operating losses of $10,000 as of both December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, that are subject to Section 382 limitations. Additionally, the Company had state net operating losses of $107,100 and $151,800 as of December 31, 2024, and 2023, respectively. As a result of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, federal NOLs generated in tax years ending after December 31, 2017, are limited to a deduction of 80% of the taxpayer’s taxable income. Furthermore, the post 2017 federal NOLs are subject to an indefinite carryforward period; therefore, $10,000 as of December 31, 2024, and 2023 of the federal NOL may be carried forward indefinitely. The majority of the Company’s state net operating loss carryforwards will begin to expire, if not utilized, in 2029. Not all states have conformed to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act; therefore, there are some states with indefinite carryforward periods. The Company has foreign NOL carryforwards of approximately $30,500 and $28,300 at December 31, 2024, and 2023, respectively, the majority of which are indefinite lived. The changes in valuation allowances against deferred income tax assets were as follows: December 31, 2024 2023 Balance at beginning of year $ 5,292 $ 3,217 Additions charged to income tax expense 1,759 4,547 Reductions credited to income tax expense — (2,472) Balance at end of year $ 7,051 $ 5,292 Uncertain tax positions The Company has adopted the provisions of ASC 740, “Income Taxes,” which prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the recognition and measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in income tax returns. The provisions also provide guidance on the de-recognition of income tax assets and liabilities, classification of current and deferred income tax assets and liabilities and accounting for interest and penalties associated with tax positions. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had $8,668 of unrecognized tax benefits, which represents an amount that, if recognized, would impact the effective tax rate in future periods. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had $5,885 of unrecognized tax benefits. Accrued liabilities for interest and penalties were $183 and $87 for December 31, 2024, and 2023, respectively. Unrecognized tax benefits activity is summarized below: December 31, 2024 2023 Balance at beginning of year $ 5,885 $ 2,808 Additions based on tax positions related to the current year 1,449 1,447 Additions based on tax positions related to prior years 1,334 1,630 Balance at end of year $ 8,668 $ 5,885 The Company and its subsidiaries file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, various U.S. state jurisdictions and several foreign jurisdictions. The Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal, state and local, or non-U.S. income tax examinations by tax authorities for years prior to 2018. However, to the extent the Company generated NOLs or tax credits in closed tax years, future use of the NOL or tax credit carryforward balance would be subject to examination within the relevant statute of limitations for the year in which it was utilized. Given the uncertainty regarding when tax authorities will complete their examinations and the possible outcomes of their examinations, a current estimate of the range of reasonably possible significant increases or decreases of income tax that may occur within the next twelve months cannot be made. The Company is subject to periodic tax audits by authorities in the jurisdictions where it operates and any ongoing audits are not expected to result in a material impact on the Company’s financial position or results.

Segment data

Segment data	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Segment data	Segment data Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The Company’s Chief Executive Officer is the CODM. The Company manages its operations as a single operating and reportable segment for the purpose of assessing and making operating decisions. The Company’s CODM makes decisions on resource allocation, assesses performance of the business, and monitors budget versus actuals using net income and revenue among other measures of performance. The Company’s CODM does not review assets in evaluating the results of the Company. The accounting policies of the segment are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies. The following table presents the significant expense categories regularly provided to the CODM used in the determination of consolidated net income as reported in the Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022: December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Revenue $ 530,101 $ 474,369 $ 408,348 Less: Cost of revenue (excluding depreciation and amortization and compensation expense) 109,030 92,131 69,131 Compensation expense 210,391 231,402 200,134 Non-compensation expense 86,328 78,778 73,530 Depreciation and amortization 63,966 54,966 50,396 Interest expense, net 5,358 12,236 9,053 Employee retention tax credit — — (6,981) Provision (benefit) for income taxes 17,233 (2,382) (2,288) Net income $ 37,795 $ 7,238 $ 15,373 The following table summarizes revenue by geographic area based on selling location: December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Americas $ 364,142 $ 327,589 $ 279,254 EMEA 127,562 111,004 96,679 APAC 38,397 35,776 32,415 Total $ 530,101 $ 474,369 $ 408,348 For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, revenue in the U.S. was $346,156, $310,822 and $264,166, respectively. The following table summarizes long lived assets (including property and equipment, net and operating lease right-of-use assets), net by geographic area for the years ended December 31, 2024, and 2023: December 31, 2024 2023 Americas $ 10,506 $ 13,848 EMEA 7,367 8,577 APAC 4,019 3,012 Total $ 21,892 $ 25,437 For the years ended December 31, 2024, and 2023, long lived assets, net in the U.S. was $10,506, and $13,848, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2024, and 2023, long lived assets, net in the U.K. was $6,651 and $7,479 respectively.

Stock-based compensation

Stock-based compensation	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Stock-based compensation	Stock-based compensation Total stock-based compensation expense for all equity arrangements for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 were as follows: December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Cost of revenue $ 368 $ 452 $ 507 Sales and marketing 17,782 23,371 13,520 Technology and development 19,198 17,538 9,937 General and administrative 22,414 39,742 20,788 Total $ 59,762 $ 81,103 $ 44,752 The Company maintains multiple stock-based incentive compensation plans. Expense relating to outstanding awards under such plans is summarized as follows: December 31, Unamortized Expense as of Weighted 2024 2023 2022 December 31, 2024 Time-Based Options 2018 Plan $ 779 $ 3,989 $ 13,727 2021 Plan 2,076 2,279 3,094 Total Time-Based Options Expense $ 2,855 $ 6,268 $ 16,821 $ 933 0.5 years Return-Target Options 2018 Plan $ (653) $ 18,215 $ — 2021 Plan (397) 3,124 — Total Return-Target Options Expense $ (1,050) $ 21,339 $ — $ — 0.0 years LTIP Expense (2018 Plan) $ — $ 333 $ — Other Equity Awards Under 2021 Plan Restricted Stock Units ("RSUs") $ 41,445 $ 34,698 $ 22,548 $ 98,515 2.8 years Market Stock Units ("MSUs") 14,880 17,093 5,070 14,438 2.2 years Other Equity Awards Under 2021 Plan Expense $ 56,325 $ 51,791 $ 27,618 $ 112,953 Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("ESPP") $ 1,632 $ 1,372 $ 313 Total Stock-Based Compensation Expense $ 59,762 $ 81,103 $ 44,752 $ 113,886 Integral Ad Science Holding Corp. Amended and Restated 2018 Non-Qualified Stock Option Plan On August 1, 2018, the Company adopted the 2018 Non-Qualified Stock Option Plan (“2018 Plan”). Under the 2018 Plan, the Company issued (i) Time-Based Options that vested over four years with 25% vesting after twelve months and an additional 6.25% vesting at the end of each successive quarter thereafter; and (ii) Return-Target Options. In connection with the Company’s IPO, the 2018 Plan was amended and restated (“Amended and Restated 2018 Plan”) with the following modifications: (i) a provision to repurchase the Time-Based Options at cost upon resignation of the employee was removed and (ii) the Return-Target Options were modified to include vesting upon a sale of shares by Vista following the IPO resulting in Vista realizing a cash return on its investment in the Company equaling or exceeding $1.17 billion. The Return-Target Options become exercisable following both (i) a registration of shares of common stock held by Vista and (ii) Vista realizing a cash return on its investment in the Company equaling or exceeding $1.17 billion. During the second quarter of 2023, with the filing of a “shelf” registration statement on Form S-3, the market condition and the implied performance condition relating to the Return-Target Options were deemed to be probable and the Company recorded $23,450 of stock-based compensation expense at that time. Vesting of the Time-Based Options accelerates when the Return-Target Options vest and therefore, recognition of the remaining unamortized stock compensation expense related to the Time-Based Options will accelerate when the Return-Target Options vest. The total number of Time-Based Options and Return Target Options outstanding under the Amended and Restated 2018 Plan as of December 31, 2024, were 2,219,944 and 1,293,493, respectively. The Company does not expect to issue any additional awards under the Amended and Restated 2018 Plan. 2021 Omnibus Incentive Plan (“2021 Plan”) On June 29, 2021, the Company adopted the 2021 Plan to incentivize executive officers, management, employees, consultants and directors of the Company and to align the interests of the participants with those of the Company’s shareholders. As of December 31, 2024, there were 43,059,189 shares reserved for issuance under the 2021 Plan and the total number of shares reserved for issuance under the 2021 Plan is increased on January 1 of each of the first 10 calendar years during the term of the 2021 Plan, by the lesser of (i) 5% of the total number of shares of common stock outstanding on each December 31 immediately prior to the date of increase or (ii) such number of shares of common stock determined by our Board or compensation committee. As of December 31, 2024, there are 1,002,162 total options outstanding under the 2021 Plan, consisting of 667,866 Time-Based Options and 334,296 Return-Target Options. The vesting conditions for the options issued under the 2021 Plan are identical to those described under the Amended and Restated 2018 Plan. Time-Based Service Option activity Time-Based Service Option activity is as follows: Options Weighted Weighted Intrinsic Value Outstanding as of December 31, 2023 3,060,388 $ 7.70 5.70 $ 23,251 Canceled or forfeited (108,529) 16.60 — — Exercised (64,049) 6.38 — — Outstanding as of December 31, 2024 2,887,810 $ 7.39 4.61 $ 13,859 Vested and expected to vest as of December 31, 2024 2,887,810 $ 7.39 4.61 $ 13,859 Exercisable as of December 31, 2024 2,804,324 $ 7.07 4.56 $ 13,859 Options Weighted Weighted Intrinsic Value Outstanding as of December 31, 2022 4,251,290 $ 8.07 6.97 $ 12,163 Conversion of Return-Target Options to Time-Based Options 9,112 8.58 — — Canceled or forfeited (198,221) 14.43 — — Exercised (1,001,793) 7.98 — — Outstanding as of December 31, 2023 3,060,388 $ 7.70 5.70 $ 23,251 Vested and expected to vest as of December 31, 2023 3,060,388 $ 7.70 5.70 $ 23,251 Exercisable as of December 31, 2023 2,688,644 $ 6.64 5.48 $ 22,573 Options Weighted Weighted Intrinsic Value Outstanding as of December 31, 2021 6,648,975 $ 7.46 7.76 $ 98,055 Granted — — — — Canceled or forfeited (810,957) 10.04 — — Exercised (1,586,728) 4.51 — — Outstanding as of December 31, 2022 4,251,290 $ 8.07 6.97 $ 12,163 Vested and expected to vest as of December 31, 2022 4,251,290 $ 8.07 6.97 $ 12,163 Exercisable as of December 31, 2022 3,033,235 $ 6.34 6.59 $ 10,878 Return-Target Option activity Return-Target Option activity is as follows: Options Weighted Weighted Intrinsic Value Outstanding as of December 31, 2023 1,725,030 $ 7.47 5.78 $ 13,318 Canceled or forfeited (97,241) 11.40 — — Exercised — — — — Outstanding as of December 31, 2024 1,627,789 $ 7.24 4.71 $ 7,743 Vested and expected to vest as of December 31, 2024 1,627,789 $ 7.24 4.71 $ 7,743 Exercisable as of December 31, 2024 — $ — — $ — Options Weighted Weighted Intrinsic Value Outstanding as of December 31, 2022 2,153,264 $ 8.03 6.97 $ 6,190 Conversion of Return-Target Options to Time-Based Options (9,112) 8.58 — — Canceled or forfeited (419,122) 10.34 — — Exercised — — — — Outstanding as of December 31, 2023 1,725,030 $ 7.47 5.78 $ 13,318 Vested and expected to vest as of December 31, 2023 1,725,030 $ 7.47 5.78 $ 13,318 Exercisable as of December 31, 2023 — $ — — $ — Options Weighted Weighted Intrinsic Value Outstanding as of December 31, 2021 3,265,126 $ 7.53 7.27 $ 47,947 Granted — — — — Canceled or forfeited (1,111,862) 6.54 — — Exercised — — — — Outstanding as of December 31, 2022 2,153,264 $ 8.03 6.97 $ 6,190 Vested and expected to vest as of December 31, 2022 2,153,264 $ 8.03 6.97 $ 6,190 Exercisable as of December 31, 2022 — $ — — $ — Restricted Stock Units The RSUs under the 2021 Plan granted prior to May 2022 vest 25% each year and become fully vested after 4 years of service. RSUs under the 2021 Plan granted during or after May 2022 vest 6.25% at the end of each successive quarter and become fully vested after 4 years of service. RSU activity for the years ended December 31, 2024, and 2023 is as follows: RSUs Number of Shares Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Outstanding as of December 31, 2021 2,426,147 $ 19.43 Granted 8,050,276 10.78 Canceled or forfeited (1,306,090) 16.17 Vested (1,084,966) 15.48 Outstanding as of December 31, 2022 8,085,367 $ 11.88 Granted 4,936,078 13.56 Canceled or forfeited (1,064,682) 13.35 Vested (2,942,328) 12.54 Outstanding as of December 31, 2023 9,014,435 $ 12.41 Granted 5,997,330 10.45 Canceled or forfeited (2,239,793) 11.14 Vested (3,207,853) 12.09 Outstanding as of December 31, 2024 9,564,119 $ 11.59 Vested and expected to vest as of December 31, 2024 9,564,119 Market Stock Units The Company granted MSUs under the 2021 Plan to certain executive officers. MSUs vest over four years, 25% on the first anniversary of the vesting commencement date and 6.25% at the end of each quarter thereafter. The number of MSUs eligible to vest is based on the performance of the Company's common stock over each applicable vesting period. The number of shares eligible to vest is calculated based on a payout factor. The payout factor is calculated by dividing (i) the average closing price of the Company's stock during the ten trading days immediately preceding the applicable vesting date by (ii) the closing price of the Company's stock on the vesting commencement date. The payout factor is zero if the quotient is less than 0.60 and is capped at 2.25. This quotient is then multiplied by the target number of MSUs granted to the relevant officer to determine the number of shares to be issued to the officer at vesting. The grant date fair value of the MSUs was determined using a Monte-Carlo simulation. The Company uses the accelerated attribution method to account for these awards. MSU activity for the year ended December 31, 2024, is as follows: MSUs Number of Shares Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Outstanding as of December 31, 2021 — $ — Granted 1,465,286 14.53 Canceled or forfeited (256,024) 14.41 Vested — — Outstanding as of December 31, 2022 1,209,262 $ 14.55 Granted 1,446,396 21.01 Canceled or forfeited (444,979) 16.52 Change in awards based on performance 139,609 14.93 Vested (549,802) 14.97 Outstanding as of December 31, 2023 1,800,486 $ 19.28 Granted 1,395,332 14.86 Canceled or forfeited (517,284) 18.51 Change in awards based on performance (133,473) 21.38 Vested (515,890) 18.57 Outstanding as of December 31, 2024 2,029,171 $ 16.09 Vested and expected to vest as of December 31, 2024 2,029,171 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”) The Company adopted the ESPP for the primary purpose of incentivizing employees in future periods. As of December 31, 2024, 6,161,033 shares of common stock are reserved for issuance under the ESPP, and the number of shares available for issuance is increased on January 1 of each calendar year beginning in 2022 and ending in and including 2031, by an amount equal to the lesser of (i) 1% of the shares outstanding on the final day of the immediately preceding calendar year and (ii) such smaller number of shares as is determined by our Board, subject to a maximum of 16,000,000 shares of our common stock for the portion of the ESPP intended to qualify as an employee stock purchase plan under Section 423 of the Internal Revenue Code. All Company employees and employees of designated subsidiaries are eligible to participate in the ESPP and may purchase shares through payroll deductions of up to 15% of their eligible compensation, subject to a maximum of $25 in any annual period for the portion of the ESPP intended to qualify as an employee purchase plan under Section 423 of the Internal Revenue Code. The ESPP provides eligible employees the opportunity to purchase shares of the Company's common stock through payroll deductions at a price equal to 85% of the fair market value of the shares on (i) the first business day of the offering period or (ii) the last business day of the offering period, whichever is lower. The ESPP is offered to employees in six-month windows, with phases beginning on February 1 and August 1 of each calendar year. No shares were issued under the ESPP for the year ended December 31, 2022. For the window that ended on January 31, 2023, employees purchased 111,163 shares at a price of $7.93 per share. For the window that ended on July 31, 2023, employees purchased 162,406 shares at a price of $8.77 per share. For the window that ended on January 31, 2024, employees purchased 153,239 shares at a price of $12.37 per share. For the window that ended on July 31, 2024, employees purchased 172,615 shares at a price of $8.65 per share. After such purchases, 5,561,610 shares were available for future purchase under the ESPP.

Stockholders' equity

Stockholders' equity	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]
Stockholders' equity	Stockholders' equity Common stock As of December 31, 2024, our authorized common stock consists of 500,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share and 50,000,000 preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company issued 3,723,743 shares of common stock for vested RSUs and MSUs, employees exercised stock options in exchange for 64,049 shares of common stock for $409, and employees purchased 325,854 shares of common stock through the ESPP. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company issued 3,492,130 shares of common stock for vested RSUs and MSUs, employees exercised stock options in exchange for 1,001,793 shares of common stock for $7,989, and employees purchased 273,569 shares of common stock through the ESPP. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company issued 1,084,966 shares of common stock for vested RSUs and employees exercised stock options in exchange for 1,586,728 shares of common stock for $7,155. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company repurchased 3,080,061 shares of common stock for $23,655. The repurchase in excess of par value for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $23,652.

Leases

Leases	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Leases [Abstract]
Leases	Leases The Company leases office spaces under non-cancelable lease terms and has a remaining lease term of up to 7.8 years, with a number of month-to-month leases that are accounted for as short-term leases. The weighted-average remaining term of the Company's operating leases was 3.5 years as of December 31, 2024. The weighted-average discount rate used to measure the present value of the operating lease liabilities was 6.0% as of December 31, 2024. The following table presents components of lease cost recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income: December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Lease costs: Operating lease costs $ 9,404 $ 8,742 $ 7,141 Short-term lease costs 2,127 2,537 3,393 Variable lease costs 843 683 395 Sublease income (2,624) (2,624) (2,624) Total lease costs $ 9,750 $ 9,338 $ 8,306 For the years ended December 31, 2024, and 2023, operating cash flows included $10,780 and $8,792 of cash paid for operating lease liabilities and $2,825 and $2,756 received from the sublease. As of December 31, 2024, there were no material operating leases that have not yet commenced. As of December 31, 2024, and 2023, the Company has provided $2,256 and $1,925, respectively, in security deposits which are recorded within other long-term assets on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of December 31, 2024, the maturities of remaining lease payments included in the measurement of operating leases are as follows: Maturities of Remaining Lease Payments 2025 $ 11,106 2026 7,495 2027 2,756 2028 723 2029 1,235 Thereafter 3,129 Total lease payments 26,444 Less: imputed interest (2,886) Total operating lease liability $ 23,558

Commitments and contingencies

Commitments and contingencies	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Commitments and contingencies	Commitments and contingencies Indemnifications In its normal course of business, the Company has made certain indemnities, commitments, and guarantees under which it may be required to make payments in relation to certain transactions. Those indemnities include intellectual property indemnities to the Company’s customers, indemnities to directors and officers of the Company to the maximum extent permitted under the laws of the State of Delaware, and indemnifications related to the Company’s lease agreements. In addition, the Company’s advertiser and distribution partner agreements contain certain indemnification provisions which are generally consistent with those prevalent in the Company’s industry. The Company has not incurred any obligations under indemnification provisions historically and does not expect to incur significant obligations in the future. Accordingly, the Company has not recorded any liability for these indemnities, commitments, and guarantees in the accompanying balance sheets. Purchase commitments In the ordinary course of business, the Company enters into various purchase commitments primarily related to third-party cloud hosting and data services, and information technology operations. Total non-cancelable purchase commitments as of December 31, 2024, were approximately $116,203 for periods through 2028.

Employee contribution plans

Employee contribution plans	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]
Employee contribution plans	Employee contribution plans The Company is a sponsor of certain qualified defined contribution plans covering all eligible employees. Such plans provide for matching contributions and in certain plans profit-sharing contributions. The Company made matching contributions of $4,665, $4,704 and $4,062 for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

Net income per share

Net income per share	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Net income per share	Net income per share Basic and diluted net income per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average shares outstanding: December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Numerator: Net income $ 37,795 $ 7,238 $ 15,373 Denominator: Basic Shares: Weighted average shares outstanding 161,060,227 156,272,335 154,699,694 Diluted Shares: Basic weighted average shares outstanding 161,060,227 156,272,335 154,699,694 Dilutive effect of stock-based awards 4,405,609 5,450,796 2,558,389 Weighted-average diluted shares outstanding 165,465,836 161,723,131 157,258,083 Net income per share: Basic $ 0.23 $ 0.05 $ 0.10 Diluted $ 0.23 $ 0.04 $ 0.10 The following potential outstanding equity awards were excluded from the computation of diluted net income per share attributable to common stockholders for the years presented given that their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive. Since the conditions associated with the vesting of the Return Target Options, RSUs and MSUs have not occurred as of the reporting date, such options are excluded from the table below. December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Options to purchase common stock 1,200,684 1,603,489 4,464,179 Restricted stock units 3,023,499 714,296 1,834,100 Market stock units 515,199 1,011,426 417,010 Total 4,739,382 3,329,211 6,715,289

Fair value disclosures

Fair value disclosures	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Fair value disclosures	Fair value disclosures Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis The Company invests in money market funds, which are measured and recorded at fair value on a recurring basis at each reporting period. Money market funds are valued based on quoted market prices in active markets and classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. The following table summarizes our cash equivalents measured at fair value on a recurring basis: Fair value hierarchy Fair value Money market funds December 31, 2023 Level 1 $ 15,331 December 31, 2024 Level 1 $ 16,055 The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximated fair value due to their short maturities. Financial instruments Financial instruments are valued based on observable inputs and classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. The carrying value of long-term debt approximates its fair value based on Level 2 inputs as the principal amounts outstanding are subject to variable interest rates that are based on market rates (see Note 9, "Long-term debt").

Related-party transactions

Related-party transactions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Related Party Transactions [Abstract]
Related-party transactions	Related-party transactions The Company incurs expenses for consulting services and other expenses related to services provided by Vista Consulting Group, LLC (“VCG”). Total expenses incurred by the Company for VCG (a Vista related party) were $2, $2 and $77 for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. These costs were included in general and administrative expenses. There were no amounts due to VCG as of December 31, 2024, and 2023. The Company incurs various travel and other expenses related to services provided by Vista Equity Partners Management, LLC (“VEP”). The Company incurred expenses of $33, $100 and $75 during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively, for various travel and other expenses. These costs were included in general and administrative expenses. Amounts due to VEP were $0 and $30 as of December 31, 2024, and 2023, respectively. In May 2023, funds affiliated with Vista conducted an underwritten secondary offering of 11,500,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. In June 2023, funds affiliated with Vista sold 5,220,000 shares of the Company’s common stock in a block trade in compliance with Rule 144 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). In December 2023, funds affiliated with Vista conducted an underwritten secondary offering of 11,000,000 shares of the Company's common stock. The Company did not receive any proceeds from these sales, but bore the costs associated therewith (other than underwriting discounts and commissions), which were $1,770 and were recorded within General and administrative expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income.

Restructuring

Restructuring	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]
Restructuring	Restructuring On December 7, 2022, the Company announced a reduction in workforce of approximately 120 employees to better align resources, consistent with the Company’s strategy of increasing operational efficiency and improving productivity. The Company recognizes a liability and the related expense for these restructuring costs when the liability is incurred and can be measured. Restructuring accruals are based upon management estimates at the time and can change depending upon changes in facts and circumstances subsequent to the date the original liability was recorded. There was no remaining liability as of December 31, 2023, and therefore, no activity during the year ended December 31, 2024 or December 31, 2023. The restructuring charge was recorded as follows: December 31, 2022 Cost of revenue $ 128 Sales and marketing 1,248 Technology and development 3,114 General and administrative 805 Total $ 5,295 Activity impacting the Company's restructuring reserves, recorded within accounts payable and accrued expenses on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, was as follows: Restructuring Reserve Balance at December 31, 2022 $ 4,315 Restructuring reserve increase 69 Payments and impact of FX (4,384) Balance at December 31, 2023 $ —

Condensed Financial Information

Condensed Financial Information of Registrant (Parent Company Only)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Condensed Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]
Condensed Financial Information of Registrant (Parent Company Only)	Condensed Financial Information of Registrant (Parent Company Only) INTEGRAL AD SCIENCE HOLDING CORP. (PARENT COMPANY ONLY) CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS December 31, (IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE DATA) 2024 2023 ASSETS Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents $ — $ — Total current assets — — Investment in subsidiaries 1,008,011 909,456 Total assets $ 1,008,011 $ 909,456 LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY Current liabilities $ — $ — Total current liabilities — — Total liabilities — — Commitments and Contingencies (Note 15) Stockholders’ Equity Preferred Stock, $0.001 par value, 50,000,000 shares authorized at December 31, 2024, 0 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2024 and 2023 — — Common Stock, $0.001 par value, 500,000,000 shares authorized at December 31, 2024, 162,871,266 and 158,757,620 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively 163 159 Additional paid-in-capital 964,765 901,259 Accumulated other comprehensive loss (3,666) (916) Accumulated earnings 46,749 8,954 Total stockholders’ equity 1,008,011 909,456 Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 1,008,011 $ 909,456 INTEGRAL AD SCIENCE HOLDING CORP. (PARENT COMPANY ONLY) CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS Year Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Revenue $ — $ — $ — Operating expenses — — — Operating income — — — Interest income, net — — — Income before provision for income taxes and equity in net income of subsidiaries — — — Benefit from income taxes — — — Equity in net income of subsidiaries 37,795 7,238 15,373 Net income $ 37,795 $ 7,238 $ 15,373 INTEGRAL AD SCIENCE HOLDING CORP. (PARENT COMPANY ONLY) CONDENSED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME Year Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Net income $ 37,795 $ 7,238 $ 15,373 Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax: Subsidiaries’ other comprehensive (loss) income (2,750) 1,983 (2,584) Total other comprehensive (loss) income (2,750) 1,983 (2,584) Total comprehensive income $ 35,045 $ 9,221 $ 12,789 Business and basis of presentation Description of business The Company owns 100% of Kavacha Intermediate, LLC, which owns 100% of Kavacha Holdings, Inc, which owns 100% of Integral Ad Science, Inc. The Company is a holding company with no material operations of its own, no direct outstanding debt obligations and it conducts substantially all its activities through its subsidiaries. The Company’s wholly owned subsidiaries are subject to the terms and restrictions in the Credit Agreement. Included in the Credit Agreement are terms that limit the ability of the borrower, Integral Ad Science, Inc., to pay dividends or lend to the Company. Those limitations are subject to certain exceptions as defined in the Credit Agreement. The Credit Agreement limits the ability of Integral Ad Science, Inc. and the Company’s subsidiaries to, among other things, pay dividends or distributions, incur additional debt, incur liens on assets, enter into certain investments, loans or advances, and enter into merger or consolidation agreements. As a result of the aforementioned restrictions, substantially all of the assets of the Company’s subsidiaries are restricted. Basis of presentation These condensed financial statements have been presented on a “parent-only” basis. Under a parent-only presentation, the parent’s investments in subsidiaries are presented under the equity method of accounting. A condensed statement of cash flows was not presented because the parent has no material operating, investing, or financing cash flow activities for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted. As such, these parent-only statements should be read in conjunction with the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

Pay vs Performance Disclosure

Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Pay vs Performance Disclosure
Net income	$ 37,795	$ 7,238	$ 15,373

Insider Trading Arrangements

Insider Trading Arrangements	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Trading Arrangements, by Individual
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false

Insider Trading Policies and Pr

Insider Trading Policies and Procedures	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Insider Trading Policies and Procedures [Line Items]
Insider Trading Policies and Procedures Adopted	true

Cybersecurity Risk Management a

Cybersecurity Risk Management and Strategy Disclosure	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Cybersecurity Risk Management, Strategy, and Governance [Line Items]
Cybersecurity Risk Management Processes for Assessing, Identifying, and Managing Threats [Text Block]	We maintain a comprehensive technology and cybersecurity program designed to ensure our systems are effective and prepared for information security risks. Our program includes regular oversight of our systems for security monitoring for internal and external threats to maintain the confidentiality and integrity of our information assets. We have a formal, risk-based and enterprise-wide risk assessment program, which incorporates the assessment of security risk exposures, including cybersecurity risks. Security starts for our system at the edge of the network. We then build security deeper into the system resulting in interlocking layers designed to strengthen each other. Our information security management system is based on industry-leading frameworks including International Organization Standardization (ISO) 27001, evidenced by our ISO 27001 certification and other audited activities. The ISO 27001 and additional frameworks specify the requirements for establishing, implementing, operating, monitoring, reviewing, maintaining and improving a documented Information Security Management System within the context of the organization’s overall business risks. It specifies the requirements for the implementation of security controls customized to the needs of individual organizations and addresses confidentiality, access control, vulnerability, business continuity, and risk assessment. In addition, our cybersecurity program includes the implementation of controls aligned with industry guidelines and applicable statutes and regulations to identify threats, detect attacks and protect these information assets. We have implemented security monitoring capabilities designed to alert us to suspicious activity and developed an incident response program that includes periodic testing and is designed to restore business operations as quickly and as orderly as possible in the event of a breach. Our information security team conducts annual information security awareness training for employees involved in our systems and processes that handle customer data and enhanced training for specialized personnel. Additionally, our information security team conducts internal annual audits of our systems. Our program includes annual review and assessment by external, independent third-parties, who evaluate and report on our internal incident response preparedness, adherence to best practices and industry frameworks, compliance with applicable laws and regulations, and help with identifying areas for continued focus and improvement. We perform penetration tests and an independent audit every quarter to ensure our systems are secure. We also carry general liability insurance coverage and coverage for errors and omissions that is expected to provide protection against certain potential losses arising from a cybersecurity incident. However, such insurance may not be sufficient to cover all of our potential losses and may not continue to be available to us on acceptable terms, or at all. Policies and processes are also in place for the review and identification of risks from cybersecurity threats associated with third-party service providers and vendors. Cybersecurity reviews are required prior to initiating any engagements with third-party service providers and vendors who receive access to IAS systems and infrastructure. Additionally, recurring annual audits of such critical third-party service providers and vendors are completed by our Information Security team. Certain of our data processing equipment is housed in third-party commercial data centers or on servers owned and operated by cloud-based service providers. We generally enter into service level agreements with these parties that include provisions for the implementation and operation of effective security controls at the third-party organizations. We have experienced, and may in the future experience, whether directly or through our third party providers, cybersecurity incidents. While risks from cybersecurity threats, including prior incidents, have not had a material impact on us, future incidents could have a material impact on our business strategy, results of operations, and financial condition. For additional information about our cybersecurity risks, please refer to “Risks Related to Intellectual Property and Technology” in Item 1A, “Risk Factors.”
Cybersecurity Risk Management Processes Integrated [Flag]	true
Cybersecurity Risk Management Processes Integrated [Text Block]	We maintain a comprehensive technology and cybersecurity program designed to ensure our systems are effective and prepared for information security risks. Our program includes regular oversight of our systems for security monitoring for internal and external threats to maintain the confidentiality and integrity of our information assets. We have a formal, risk-based and enterprise-wide risk assessment program, which incorporates the assessment of security risk exposures, including cybersecurity risks.
Cybersecurity Risk Management Third Party Engaged [Flag]	true
Cybersecurity Risk Third Party Oversight and Identification Processes [Flag]	true
Cybersecurity Risk Materially Affected or Reasonably Likely to Materially Affect Registrant [Flag]	false
Cybersecurity Risk Board of Directors Oversight [Text Block]	The Board of Directors oversees the Company’s information security program that institutes and maintains controls for the systems, applications, and databases of the Company and of its third-party providers and has delegated primary oversight of cybersecurity risks to the Audit Committee, which monitors the steps our management has taken to monitor and control exposures, including guidelines and policies to govern the process by which risk assessment and management is undertaken.
Cybersecurity Risk Board Committee or Subcommittee Responsible for Oversight [Text Block]	Audit Committee, which monitors the steps our management has taken to monitor and control exposures, including guidelines and policies to govern the process by which risk assessment and management is undertaken.
Cybersecurity Risk Process for Informing Board Committee or Subcommittee Responsible for Oversight [Text Block]	The CIO or CISO present updates to the Audit Committee quarterly and, as necessary, to the full Board. These regular reports include updates on the Company’s performance preparing for, preventing, detecting, responding to and recovering from cyber incidents. The CIO also promptly informs and updates the Audit Committee and the Board about any information security incidents that may pose significant risk to the Company. The Company’s program is periodically evaluated by external experts, and the results of those reviews are reported to the Audit Committee and the Board as necessary.
Cybersecurity Risk Role of Management [Text Block]	Our Chief Information Officer (CIO) and Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) lead our cybersecurity program in collaboration with the Company’s business functions. The CIO or CISO present updates to the Audit Committee quarterly and, as necessary, to the full Board. These regular reports include updates on the Company’s performance preparing for, preventing, detecting, responding to and recovering from cyber incidents. The CIO also promptly informs and updates the Audit Committee and the Board about any information security incidents that may pose significant risk to the Company. The Company’s program is periodically evaluated by external experts, and the results of those reviews are reported to the Audit Committee and the Board as necessary. To more effectively prevent, detect and respond to information security threats, the Company maintains a cybersecurity program, which is supervised by the CIO whose team, including the CISO, is responsible for leading enterprise-wide cybersecurity strategy, policy, standards, architecture and processes. Additionally, the CIO chairs the Information Security Management Committee, which is made up of senior leaders from our Information Security, Compliance, Engineering, Technical Operations, Incident Management, Corporate IT, and Human Resources teams. This committee meets quarterly and drives awareness, ownership and alignment across broad governance and risk stakeholder groups for effective cybersecurity risk management and reporting. Our CIO has over 30 years of experience in technology. He was appointed as our CIO in January 2022, after serving as SVP Enterprise Systems for approximately five years. Prior to that, he was Global Head of Business Systems & IT at LivePerson for approximately six years. Our CIO is certified by Oxford University for Cybersecurity for Business Leaders. Our CISO has over 25 years of technology experience, with over 15 years of Information Security management experience. He was appointed as our CISO in March 2021, after serving as Director Security for approximately 2 years. Prior to that, he worked at GEP Worldwide as a Director of Security and Infrastructure Technology Management for approximately two years. Our CISO is certified for Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP), and Certified Cloud Security Professional (CCSP).
Cybersecurity Risk Management Positions or Committees Responsible [Flag]	true
Cybersecurity Risk Management Positions or Committees Responsible [Text Block]	Our Chief Information Officer (CIO) and Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) lead our cybersecurity program in collaboration with the Company’s business functions.
Cybersecurity Risk Management Expertise of Management Responsible [Text Block]	Our CIO has over 30 years of experience in technology. He was appointed as our CIO in January 2022, after serving as SVP Enterprise Systems for approximately five years. Prior to that, he was Global Head of Business Systems & IT at LivePerson for approximately six years. Our CIO is certified by Oxford University for Cybersecurity for Business Leaders. Our CISO has over 25 years of technology experience, with over 15 years of Information Security management experience. He was appointed as our CISO in March 2021, after serving as Director Security for approximately 2 years. Prior to that, he worked at GEP Worldwide as a Director of Security and Infrastructure Technology Management for approximately two years. Our CISO is certified for Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP), and Certified Cloud Security Professional (CCSP).
Cybersecurity Risk Process for Informing Management or Committees Responsible [Text Block]	Our Chief Information Officer (CIO) and Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) lead our cybersecurity program in collaboration with the Company’s business functions. The CIO or CISO present updates to the Audit Committee quarterly and, as necessary, to the full Board. These regular reports include updates on the Company’s performance preparing for, preventing, detecting, responding to and recovering from cyber incidents. The CIO also promptly informs and updates the Audit Committee and the Board about any information security incidents that may pose significant risk to the Company. The Company’s program is periodically evaluated by external experts, and the results of those reviews are reported to the Audit Committee and the Board as necessary.
Cybersecurity Risk Management Positions or Committees Responsible Report to Board [Flag]	true

Basis of presentation and sum_2

Basis of presentation and summary of significant accounting policies (Policies)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Basis of presentation	Basis of presentation The Company’s consolidated financial statements are presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and reflect the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for all periods presented.
Basis of consolidation	Basis of consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Integral Ad Science Holding Corp. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All material intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Use of estimates	Use of estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Significant estimates include the estimated useful lives of intangible assets and internal use software, the allowance for credit losses, goodwill impairment testing, assumptions used to calculate equity-based compensation, and the realization of deferred tax assets. The Company bases its estimates on past experience, market conditions, and other assumptions that the Company believes are reasonable under the circumstances, and the Company evaluates these estimates on an ongoing basis. Actual results may differ from these estimates due to risks and uncertainties, including the continued uncertainty surrounding the stability of economic conditions due to high inflation, changes to fiscal and monetary policy, higher interest rates, currency fluctuations, fluctuations in the financial markets and disruptions in European economies as a result of the war in Ukraine and other geopolitical issues.
Foreign currency	Foreign currencyThe reporting currency of the Company is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of our foreign subsidiaries is the currency of the primary economic environment in which they operate, which is their local currency. The financial statements of these subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars using month-end rates of exchange for assets and liabilities, and average rates of exchange for revenue, costs and expenses. Translation gains and losses are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income in stockholders’ equity. Transaction gains and losses including those on intercompany transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of the entity involved are included in foreign exchange loss, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income.
Concentrations of credit risk	Concentrations of credit risk Our assets that are exposed to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. Cash equivalents consist of money market funds, which are invested through financial institutions in the United States. Such deposits may, at times, exceed federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses in such amounts and believes it is not exposed to any significant credit risk to cash. Accounts receivable is spread over many customers in various countries. The Company maintains an allowance for credit losses on uncollectible accounts receivable based on expected collectability and through the ongoing performance of credit evaluations of customers’ financial condition.
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash Cash and cash equivalents include money market accounts and other highly liquid investments with an original maturity date of three months or less at the time of purchase. Cash amounts with restrictions are classified as restricted cash within the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Accounts receivable, net	Accounts receivable, net Accounts receivable are carried at the original invoiced amount less an allowance for credit losses. The allowance is estimated estimated by pooling accounts receivables based on similar risk characteristics, and expected credit loss exposure is evaluated for each accounts receivable pool. Invoices are typically issued with net 30-days to net 90-days terms. Account balances are considered delinquent if payment is not received by the due date, and the receivables are written off when deemed uncollectible. The allowance for credit losses is recorded in general and administrative expenses within the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income.
Property and equipment, net	Property and equipment, net Property and equipment are recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheet at cost less accumulated depreciation. The Company depreciates its property and equipment using the straight-line method of depreciation over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets, with the exception of leasehold improvements, which is the shorter of the useful life of the asset or the lease term. The cost of repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred. Major renewals or improvements that extend the useful lives of the assets are capitalized. When assets are retired or disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation thereon are removed, and any resulting gain or loss is recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income.
Leases	Leases For arrangements where there is an identified asset and the contract conveys the right to control its use, the Company will recognize lease liabilities at the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. Right-of-use ("ROU") assets represent the Company's right to use leased assets over the term of the lease, adjusted for incremental direct costs and lease incentives such as tenant improvements. ROU assets and lease liabilities are determined based on the present value of future lease payments using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, the incremental borrowing rate. Incremental borrowing rates were determined for each lease based on the Company's borrowing rate adjusted for term differences and foreign currency risk. For operating leases, ROU assets are reduced over the lease term by the straight-line lease expense recognized less the amount of accretion of the lease liability determined using the effective interest method. Some real estate leases contain lease and non-lease components. Non-lease components generally represent use-based charges for common area maintenance, taxes and utilities. The Company has elected not to separate lease and non-lease components. Variable lease payments consist primarily of common area maintenance, utilities and taxes, which are not included in the recognition of ROU assets and related lease liabilities. The Company recognizes variable lease payments in the period in which the obligation for those payments is incurred. Some contracts also contain lease incentives such as tenant improvement allowances and rent holidays, which are treated as a reduction of lease payments for the measurement of the lease liability. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet and lease expense for these arrangements is recorded as paid over the lease term. The Company will recognize renewal options as part of its right-of-use assets and lease liabilities if it concludes that it is reasonably certain to exercise the option. Additionally, these lease arrangements do not contain residual value guarantees, and there are no other restrictions or covenants in the contracts. As of December 31, 2024, the Company has one sublease classified as an operating lease. For subleases classified as operating leases, the Company records sublease income as a reduction of lease expense on the straight-line method over the term of the sublease.
Goodwill	GoodwillGoodwill is the excess of purchase price over the fair value of the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired. In testing goodwill for impairment, there is an option to begin with a qualitative assessment, commonly referred to as “Step 0”, to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit containing goodwill is less than its carrying value. This qualitative assessment may include, but is not limited to, reviewing factors such as macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, cost factors, entity-specific financial performance and other events, such as changes in management, strategy and primary user base. If the Company determines that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value, then a quantitative goodwill impairment analysis is performed which is referred to as “Step 1”. Depending upon the results of that analysis, if the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, goodwill may be written down and impairment expense is recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income.
Intangible assets, net	Intangible assets, netIntangible assets consist of developed technology, customer relationships, favorable leases, and trademarks. Intangible assets are recorded at fair value at the time of their acquisition and are stated within our Consolidated Balance Sheets net of accumulated amortization. Intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis or using an accelerated method, over their estimated useful lives. Amortization expenses are recorded as operating expenses
Fair value measurements	Fair value measurements The Company follows ASC 820-10, Fair Value Measurements , which defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and requires certain disclosures about fair value measurements. Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction. Fair value measurement is based on a hierarchy of observable or unobservable inputs. The standard describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value. Level 1 — Inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices available in active markets for identical securities as of the reporting date; Level 2 — Inputs to the valuation methodology are other significant observable inputs, including quoted prices for similar securities, interest rates, credit risk etc. as of the reporting date, and the fair value can be determined through the use of models or other valuation methodologies; and Level 3 — Inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable inputs in situations where there is little, or no market activity of the securities and the reporting entity makes estimates and assumptions relating to the pricing of the securities including assumptions regarding risk. We segregate all financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis into the most appropriate level within the fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used to determine the fair value at the measurement date.
Revenue recognition	Revenue recognition The Company’s customers include advertisers and publishers. The Company’s pre-bid and post-bid verification solutions enable global advertisers to measure campaign performance and viewability to help deliver high quality ad inventory through ad fraud prevention, brand safety and suitability, and contextual targeting for ads on desktop, mobile in-app, social, and CTV platforms. The Company's pre-bid optimization solution is directly integrated with DSPs to help optimize return on ad spend by directing budgets to the best available inventory. The Company’s solutions help publishers globally deliver high quality ad inventory that is fraud free, viewable, brand safe and suitable, and geographically targeted. The Company's revenue is derived from three distinct channels: • Optimization revenue represents pre-bid solutions which help optimize return on ad spend by directing budgets to the most effective inventory. • Measurement revenue represents post-bid solutions which measure campaign performance and value across viewability, ad fraud prevention, brand safety and suitability, attention, and more. • Publisher revenue represents solutions with publisher customers that identify high quality ad inventory that is fraud free, viewable, brand safe and suitable, and geographically targeted on a global basis. Publisher revenue is also derived from our Publica LLC ("Publica") business through an IAS suite of CTV ad serving products that publishers adopt to help them power their streaming ad break decisioning. The Company recognizes revenue under the five-step model in accordance with ASC 606. Identify the contract with a customer The Company maintains agreements with each customer primarily in the form of written master service agreements, which set out the rights and obligations of the arrangement, including key terms and access to the Company’s platform. The Company ensures the following criteria are met when determining if a contract exists (i) contract is approved by all parties, (ii) each party’s rights regarding the services to be transferred are identified, (iii) payment terms are specified, (iv) contract has commercial substance, and (v) collectability of substantially all consideration is probable. Identify the performance obligations in the contract For all contracts, the Company identifies performance obligations at contract inception by evaluating whether the promised services are distinct. Promises identified within contracts may include multiple promised services, consisting of various impression measurement services the Company offers. For these services, each impression is distinct and has the same pattern of transfer to the customer. These services are generally delivered together as impressions are measured. Performance obligations within the majority of the Company’s contracts comprise a series of distinct services that are recognized over time and are treated as a single performance obligation. Determine the transaction price Once the Company identifies the performance obligations within the contract, the Company will determine the transaction price based on contractual amounts and stated terms. Contracts with the Company’s customers primarily utilize a usage-based structure, where CPM pricing is consistent over the contract term. Contracts with the Company’s customers may also utilize other pricing arrangements, including minimum commitments, overages based on tiered pricing or flat fees. Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract Transaction prices in the Company’s arrangements are allocated to each distinct service, ensuring that revenue is recorded in the right period and for the right amount. Recognize revenue when a performance obligation is satisfied The Company recognizes revenue over time when control of the promised services are transferred to customers. The Company is providing services that the customer is continuously consuming and receiving benefit from or upon completion of the service. The Company recognizes revenue by multiplying the CPM and the number of impressions measured. An impression is measured by the platform when a digital ad is served to a real person rather than a bot in a brand-safe and suitable environment within the correct geography. The Company utilizes the “right to invoice” practical expedient as the invoiced amount directly corresponds to the value of the Company’s performance to date. The Company evaluated arrangements with its customers where the customer purchases the Company’s services through a DSP to determine if such revenue should be reported on a gross or net basis. In these arrangements, the demand side platform collects the fee on behalf of the Company for the purchase of advertising inventory on an exchange. In these transactions, the Company is primarily responsible for providing these services directly to the customer and has latitude in establishing the sales price with the customers. As a result, the Company records revenue for the gross amounts paid by the customers for these services and records the amounts retained by the demand side platforms as a cost of revenue. Invoices are typically issued with net 30-days to net 90-days terms and customers do not have a contractual right to refunds. Cash payments received prior to the Company’s delivery of its services are recorded to deferred revenue until the performance obligation is satisfied. The Company recorded deferred revenue (contract liabilities) to account for billings in excess of revenue recognized, primarily related to contractual minimums billed in advance and customer prepayment of $1,061 and $682 as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company recognizes expenses when direct fulfillment costs are incurred. Sales commissions represent incremental contract costs of obtaining a contract. The majority of these costs are recorded in sales and marketing expenses within the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income.
Net income per share	Net income per share Basic net income per share is computed by dividing the net income by the weighted-average number of shares outstanding during the reporting period, without consideration for potentially dilutive securities. Diluted net net income per share is computed by dividing the net income attributable to the shareholders by the weighted-average number of shares and potentially dilutive securities outstanding during the period.
Income taxes	Income taxes The Company is subject to U.S. federal, state, local, and foreign income taxation on its income. The Company accounts for income taxes using an asset and liability approach, which requires estimates of taxes payable or refunds for the current period and estimates of deferred income tax assets and liabilities for the anticipated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the corresponding amounts used for income tax purposes. Current and deferred income tax assets and liabilities are based on provisions of the enacted income tax laws and are measured using the enacted income tax rates and laws that are expected to be in effect when the future tax events are expected to reverse. The effects of future changes in income tax laws or rates are not anticipated. The income tax provision is comprised of the current income tax expense and the change in deferred income tax assets and liabilities. The portion of any deferred tax asset for which it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will not be realized is offset by recording a valuation allowance. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. The tax effects of an uncertain tax position ("UTP") taken or expected to be taken in income tax returns are recognized only if it is “more-likely-than-not” to be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on its technical merits as of the reporting date. The tax benefits recognized in the consolidated financial statements from such a position are measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. The Company recognizes estimated interest and penalties related to UTPs in income tax expense. The Company recognizes the resolution of an UTP in the period when it is effectively settled. Previously recognized tax positions are derecognized in the first period in which it is no longer more likely than not that the tax position would be sustained upon examination. The Company evaluated all potential uncertain tax positions and identified no significant uncertain positions.
Business combinations	Business combinations The Company determines if the acquisition of an entity or a group of assets is a business combination, which is accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting. Under the acquisition method, once control is obtained of a business, the assets acquired, and liabilities assumed, including amounts attributed to noncontrolling interests, are recorded at fair value. The Company uses its best estimates and assumptions to assign fair value to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date. One of the most significant estimates relates to the determination of the fair value of these assets and liabilities. The determination of the fair values is based on estimates and judgments made by management. The Company’s estimates of fair value are based upon assumptions it believes to be reasonable, but which are inherently uncertain and unpredictable. Additionally, uncertain tax positions and tax-related valuation allowances are recorded in connection with a business combination as of the acquisition date. Measurement period adjustments are reflected at the time identified, up through the conclusion of the measurement period, which is the time at which all information for determination of the values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed is received and is not to exceed one year from the acquisition date. The Company may record adjustments to the fair value of these tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with the corresponding offset to goodwill. If outside of the measurement period, any subsequent adjustments are recorded in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income.
Stock-based compensation	Stock-based compensation Stock-based compensation is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is recognized as expense over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur. The fair value of restricted stock units ("RSUs") that vest over a period of time subject to continued employment is determined on the grant date based on the grant date closing stock price. The Company used the assumptions below in valuing its time-based service options, which vest over a period of time subject to continued employment ("Time-Based Options"), return target options ("Return-Target Options"), which vest upon a realized cash return of the equity investment of Vista Equity Partners ("Vista"), and funds controlled by Vista and registration of the shares held by Vista, market stock units ("MSUs"), and shares to be purchased under the 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("ESPP"). Expected term — For time-based awards, the estimated expected term of options granted is generally calculated as the vesting period plus the midpoint of the remaining contractual term, as the Company does not have sufficient historical information to develop reasonable expectations surrounding future exercise patterns and post-vesting employment termination behavior. For awards subject to market and performance conditions, the expected term represents the period of time that the options granted are expected to be outstanding. Expected volatility — Volatility is estimated based upon observed option implied volatilities for the Company in addition to a group of peer companies. The Company believes this is the best estimate of the expected volatility over the weighted-average expected term of its option grants. Risk-free interest rate — The risk-free interest rate is based on the implied yield currently available on U.S. Treasury instruments with terms approximately equal to the expected term of the option. Expected dividend — The expected dividend assumption was based on the Company’s history and expectation of dividend payouts. The Company currently has no history or expectation of paying cash dividends on its units. Fair value — Prior to the IPO, because there was no public market for the Company’s common stock/units, the board of directors determined the best estimate of the fair value of the Company’s option grants, based on reasonable judgment and numerous objective and subjective factors, including independent third-party valuations of the Company’s common stock/units, operating and financial performance, and general and industry-specific economic outlook, amongst other factors. As a result of the IPO, the Company’s shares are traded in the public market, and accordingly the Company uses the applicable closing price of its common stock to determine fair value.
Internal use software, net	Internal use software, net Software development costs consist primarily of costs incurred in research and development, software engineering, and web design activities and related employee compensation costs to create, enhance, and deploy the software infrastructure. Software development costs are expensed as incurred where the amounts primarily relate to planning activities, minor developments or normal maintenance activities that do not meet the requirements under ASC 350-40, Internal Use Software. The majority of these costs are recorded in technology and development expenses in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income.
Advertising Costs	Advertising CostsThe Company expenses advertising costs as incurred.
Recently adopted accounting pronouncements and Accounting pronouncements not yet adopted	Recently adopted accounting pronouncements In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-2, “Leases (Topic 842)” (“ASU No. 2016-2”). Under ASU No. 2016-2, lessees are required to put most leases on their balance sheets but to recognize expenses in the income statement in a manner similar to current accounting. ASU No. 2016-2 also eliminated the current real estate-specific provisions and changed the guidance on sale-leaseback transactions, initial direct costs, and lease executory costs for all entities. The updated guidance was effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2022. Upon adoption, entities are required to use the modified retrospective approach for leases that exist, or are entered into, after the beginning of the earliest comparative period in the financial statements. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842), Targeted Improvements, which allows entities to not apply the new leases standard, including its disclosure requirements, in the comparative periods they present in their financial statements in the year of adoption. The Company adopted ASU No. 2016-2 on January 1, 2022 using the modified retrospective transition approach, which resulted in the recognition of right-of-use assets of $21,666 and lease liabilities of $29,361. Differences between ROU assets and lease liabilities are attributed to deferred rent, lease incentive obligations and a cease-use liability previously recognized under ASC 420 Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations. The Company elected the package of practical expedients not to reassess prior conclusions related to contracts containing leases, lease classification and initial direct costs. In addition, the Company elected the expedient permitting the combination of lease and non-lease components into a single lease component. The Company made a policy election to not recognize ROU assets and lease liabilities for short-term leases for all asset classes. The adoption of ASU No. 2016-2 did not have a material impact on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income or the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments,” ("ASU No. 2016-13") which is intended to provide more decision-useful information about expected credit losses on financial instruments and other commitments to extend credit held by a reporting entity at each reporting date. ASU No. 2016-13 revises the impairment model to utilize an expected loss methodology in place of the currently used incurred loss methodology, which will result in more timely recognition of losses on financial instruments, including, but not limited to accounts receivable. The Company adopted ASU No. 2016-13 on January 1, 2023, utilizing the modified retrospective approach requiring a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening accumulated deficit in the first quarter of 2023, and the adoption resulted in an adjustment to retained earnings on January 1, 2023, of $941, net of tax. Refer to Note 2(h), Accounts receivable, net, for details on the Company’s accounting policy in accordance with ASU 2016-13. In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-4, “Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting,” (“ASU No. 2020-4”) which was intended to address accounting consequences that could result from the global markets’ anticipated transition away from the use of the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) and other interbank offered rates to alternative reference rates. The amendments in ASU No. 2020-4 provide operational expedients and exceptions for applying U.S. GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. The amendments in ASU No. 2020-4 apply only to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued because of the reference rate reform. On December 21, 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-06, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848,” which deferred the sunset date of ASC 848 from December 31, 2022, to December 31, 2024, after which entities will no longer be permitted to apply the relief in ASC 848. On June 23, 2023, the Company entered into the First Amendment to Credit Agreement, which changed the market interest rate indices that the Company can elect to accrue interest on outstanding borrowings from LIBOR to the Secured Overnight Financing Rate as administered by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (“SOFR”). The First Amendment to Credit Agreement became effective at the end of the applicable interest period for any LIBOR borrowings outstanding on the amendment effective date, which was June 30, 2023. As a result, as of June 30, 2023, the Company no longer had any contracts that referenced LIBOR. The Company adjusted the effective interest rate on outstanding borrowings on a prospective basis, which did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements. In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-08, "Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers," which is intended to improve the accounting for acquired revenue contracts with customers in a business combination and create consistency in practice related to (i) the recognition of an acquired contract liability, and (ii) payment terms and their effect on subsequent revenue recognized by the acquirer. The Company adopted ASU 2021-08 on December 31, 2023, resulting in no material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements. On November 27, 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, "Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures," which requires incremental disclosures related to an entity's reportable segments, effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023. The Company adopted ASU 2023-07 on December 31, 2024, resulting in no material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements. (v) Accounting pronouncements not yet adopted In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures," which requires companies to disclose more detailed information in their reconciliation of their statutory tax rate to their effective tax rate. The ASU also requires entities to disclosure more detailed information about income taxes paid, including by jurisdiction, pretax income (or loss) from continuing operations and income tax expense (or benefit). The updated standard is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company is currently assessing the potential impact of the rule on its consolidated financial statement disclosures. In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, "Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40)," which requires companies to disclose in the notes to financial statements, of specified information about certain costs and expenses. The amendments require that at each interim and annual reporting period an entity: i) Disclose the amounts of purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, and intangible asset amortization, ii) Include certain amounts that are already required to be disclosed under current generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) in the same disclosure as the other disaggregation requirements, iii) Disclose a qualitative description of the amounts remaining in relevant expense captions that are not separately disaggregated quantitatively, iv) Disclose the total amount of selling expenses and, in annual reporting periods, an entity’s definition of selling expenses. The updated standard is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. The Company is currently evaluating the provisions of this guidance and assessing the potential impact of the rule on its consolidated financial statement disclosures.

Basis of presentation and sum_3

Basis of presentation and summary of significant accounting policies (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Schedule of Restricted Cash	The following table provides a roll forward of the changes in the restricted cash balance: Restricted cash as of December 31, 2022 $ 2,794 Release of deposits for facilities leases no longer restricted (256) Release of deposits for medical claims and other (7) Restricted cash as of December 31, 2023 $ 2,531 Release of deposits for facilities leases no longer restricted (104) Deposits for medical claims and other 439 Restricted cash as of December 31, 2024 $ 2,866 The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash reported within the Consolidated Balance Sheets to the amounts shown in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. December 31, 2024 2023 Cash and cash equivalents $ 84,469 $ 124,759 Short-term restricted cash 506 54 Long-term restricted cash (held in other long-term assets) 2,360 2,477 Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash shown in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows $ 87,335 $ 127,290
Schedule of Cash and Cash Equivalents	The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash reported within the Consolidated Balance Sheets to the amounts shown in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. December 31, 2024 2023 Cash and cash equivalents $ 84,469 $ 124,759 Short-term restricted cash 506 54 Long-term restricted cash (held in other long-term assets) 2,360 2,477 Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash shown in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows $ 87,335 $ 127,290
Schedule of Allowance for Credit Losses	The activity in our allowance for credit losses consists of the following: December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Balance at beginning of year $ 8,645 $ 6,691 $ 5,883 Additional provision 21 3,816 1,837 Receivables written-off/reversals (1,212) (591) (1,029) Impact of ASC 326 adoption — (1,271) — Balance at the end of year $ 7,454 $ 8,645 $ 6,691
Schedule of Valuation Assumptions of Stock Options	December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Estimated fair value $3.19 - $14.86 $3.35 - $38.36 $3.26 - $15.15 Expected volatility (%) 43.0% - 66.0% 50.0% - 65.0% 70.0% - 80.0% Expected term (in years) 0.43 - 4.00 0.26 - 4.00 0.50 - 4.00 Risk-free interest rate (%) 4.21% - 5.15% 3.63% - 5.55% 2.96% - 3.97% Dividend yield — — —

Revenue (Tables)

Revenue (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Schedule of Disaggregation of Revenue	The following table disaggregates revenue by channel: Year Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Optimization revenue $ 242,624 $ 224,473 $ 190,608 Measurement revenue 210,964 186,049 154,929 Publisher revenue 76,513 63,847 62,811 Total revenue $ 530,101 $ 474,369 $ 408,348

Property and equipment, net (Ta

Property and equipment, net (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Schedule of Property and Equipment	Property and equipment consisted of the following: December 31, Estimated 2024 2023 Computer and office equipment 1-3 years $ 3,893 $ 4,070 Computer software 3-5 years — 218 Leasehold improvements Various 2,794 2,535 Furniture 5 years 573 585 Total property and equipment 7,260 7,408 Less: accumulated depreciation (3,256) (3,639) Total property and equipment, net $ 4,004 $ 3,769

Internal use software, net (Tab

Internal use software, net (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Internal Use Software [Abstract]
Schedule of Internal Use Software, Net	Internal use software consisted of the following: December 31, Estimated 2024 2023 Internal use software 3 - 5 years $ 101,326 $ 69,797 Less: asset impairments (170) (33) Less: accumulated amortization (47,520) (29,463) Total internal use software, net $ 53,636 $ 40,301
Schedule of Estimated Amortization Expense for Assets	The estimated amortization expense for assets held at December 31, 2024, is as follows: Estimated Amortization Expense 2025 $ 27,604 2026 18,923 2027 7,109 Total $ 53,636

Intangible assets, net (Tables)

Intangible assets, net (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Gross Book Value, Accumulated Amortization, Net Book Value and Amortization Periods of Intangible Assets	The gross book value, accumulated amortization, net book value and amortization periods of the intangible assets were as follows: December 31, 2024 Estimated Gross Book Accumulated Net Book Weighted Customer relationships 5-15 years $ 301,921 $ (171,150) $ 130,771 7.7 years Developed technology 5 years 136,889 (131,300) 5,589 1.8 years Trademarks 5-9 years 19,700 (15,117) 4,583 2.4 years Total $ 458,510 $ (317,567) $ 140,943 December 31, 2023 Estimated Gross Book Accumulated Net Book Weighted Customer relationships 5-15 years $ 301,994 $ (142,135) $ 159,859 8.6 years Developed technology 5 years 137,361 (125,426) 11,935 2.6 years Trademarks 5-9 years 19,700 (12,604) 7,096 3.4 years Favorable leases 6 years 198 (180) 18 0.5 years Total $ 459,253 $ (280,345) $ 178,908
Schedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Future Amortization Expense	Amortization expense for the subsequent five years and thereafter is as follows: 2025 $ 34,069 2026 29,835 2027 20,616 2028 14,340 2029 12,617 2030 and thereafter 29,466 Total $ 140,943

Goodwill (Tables)

Goodwill (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Changes in Goodwill	The following table provides a roll forward of the changes in the goodwill balance: Goodwill as of December 31, 2022 $ 674,094 Impact of changes in exchange rates and other 1,188 Goodwill as of December 31, 2023 $ 675,282 Impact of changes in exchange rates and other (2,257) Goodwill as of December 31, 2024 $ 673,025

Accounts payable and accrued _2

Accounts payable and accrued expenses and other long-term liabilities (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Payables and Accruals [Abstract]
Schedule of Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses	Accounts payable and accrued expenses consisted of the following: December 31, 2024 2023 Accounts payable $ 16,205 $ 12,092 Accrued payroll 7,123 9,250 Accrued professional fees 3,780 3,281 Accrued bonuses and commissions 19,781 20,413 Accrued revenue sharing 4,500 4,136 Taxes payable 6,673 6,436 Accrued hosting fees 6,006 9,475 Other accrued expenses 8,842 7,149 Total accounts payable and accrued expenses $ 72,910 $ 72,232
Schedule of Other Long-Term Liabilities	Other long-term liabilities consisted of the following: December 31, 2024 2023 Security deposit received $ 672 $ 672 Uncertain tax positions 8,041 5,511 Total other long-term liabilities $ 8,713 $ 6,183

Long-term debt (Tables)

Long-term debt (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Long-Term Debt Instruments	December 31, 2024 2023 Revolver $ 35,000 $ 155,000 Less: Unamortized long-term debt issuance costs (811) (1,275) Total carrying amount $ 34,189 $ 153,725
Schedule of Future Principal Payments of Long-term Debt	Future principal payments of long-term debt as of December 31, 2024 are as follows: Future Principal Payments 2025 $ — 2026 35,000 Total principal payments $ 35,000

Income taxes (Tables)

Income taxes (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Income Before Provision (Benefit) From Income Taxes	The components of net income before provision (benefit) for income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 are as follows: December 31, 2024 2023 2022 United States $ 36,803 $ 29,769 $ 6,819 Foreign Operations 18,225 (24,913) 6,266 Net income before income taxes $ 55,028 $ 4,856 $ 13,085
Schedule of Components of the Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes	The components of the provision (benefit) for income taxes are as follows: December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Current tax provision Federal $ 24,606 $ 12,889 $ 1,094 Foreign 6,155 4,755 3,497 State and Local 2,889 1,505 2,001 Current tax provision 33,650 19,149 6,592 Deferred tax (benefit) provision Federal (18,853) (12,263) (661) Foreign 736 606 (1,185) State and Local 1,700 (9,874) (7,034) Deferred tax (benefit) (16,417) (21,531) (8,880) Provision (benefit) for income taxes $ 17,233 $ (2,382) $ (2,288)
Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation	The following table presents a reconciliation of the statutory federal rate and the Company’s effective tax rate for the periods presented: December 31, 2024 2023 2022 U.S. federal statutory income tax rate 21.0% 21.0% 21.0% State income taxes, net of federal benefit 7.0 (145.1) (41.3) Effect of non-U.S. operations 5.7 120.7 (0.7) Section 162(m) 4.0 134.1 24.4 Stock-based compensation 3.5 (7.1) 23.8 Transaction expenses — 7.9 (14.7) US tax on foreign earnings 5.3 (39.2) (6.5) R&D and other credits (18.6) (189.5) (23.3) Change in valuation allowance 3.3 42.7 — Meals and entertainment 0.3 3.8 — Other (0.2) 1.6 (0.2) Provision (benefit) for income taxes 31.3% (49.1)% (17.5)%
Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities	The components of net deferred tax liability for the years ended December 31, 2024, and 2023 are as follows: December 31, 2024 2023 Deferred tax assets Net Operating Loss (“NOL”) and other carryforwards $ 11,244 $ 13,076 Stock-based compensation 6,901 5,704 Tax credit carryforward 2,731 1,573 Lease liability 4,051 6,655 Payroll and commissions 3,431 4,106 Allowance for credit losses 2,044 1,930 Section 174 capitalized costs 27,352 17,651 Accrued expenses and other liabilities 1,737 — Total deferred tax assets 59,491 50,695 Valuation allowance (7,051) (5,292) Net deferred tax assets $ 52,440 $ 45,403 Deferred tax liabilities Depreciation and amortization $ (28,074) $ (33,139) Outside basis difference (22,831) (24,315) Right of use asset (2,978) (5,359) Accrued expenses and other liabilities — (492) Total deferred tax liabilities (53,883) (63,305) Net deferred tax liability $ (1,443) $ (17,902)
Schedule of Valuation Allowance	The changes in valuation allowances against deferred income tax assets were as follows: December 31, 2024 2023 Balance at beginning of year $ 5,292 $ 3,217 Additions charged to income tax expense 1,759 4,547 Reductions credited to income tax expense — (2,472) Balance at end of year $ 7,051 $ 5,292
Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits Roll Forward	Unrecognized tax benefits activity is summarized below: December 31, 2024 2023 Balance at beginning of year $ 5,885 $ 2,808 Additions based on tax positions related to the current year 1,449 1,447 Additions based on tax positions related to prior years 1,334 1,630 Balance at end of year $ 8,668 $ 5,885

Segment data (Tables)

Segment data (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Schedule of Selected Segment Financial Information	The following table presents the significant expense categories regularly provided to the CODM used in the determination of consolidated net income as reported in the Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022: December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Revenue $ 530,101 $ 474,369 $ 408,348 Less: Cost of revenue (excluding depreciation and amortization and compensation expense) 109,030 92,131 69,131 Compensation expense 210,391 231,402 200,134 Non-compensation expense 86,328 78,778 73,530 Depreciation and amortization 63,966 54,966 50,396 Interest expense, net 5,358 12,236 9,053 Employee retention tax credit — — (6,981) Provision (benefit) for income taxes 17,233 (2,382) (2,288) Net income $ 37,795 $ 7,238 $ 15,373
Schedule of Revenue from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets, by Geographical Areas	The following table summarizes revenue by geographic area based on selling location: December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Americas $ 364,142 $ 327,589 $ 279,254 EMEA 127,562 111,004 96,679 APAC 38,397 35,776 32,415 Total $ 530,101 $ 474,369 $ 408,348 The following table summarizes long lived assets (including property and equipment, net and operating lease right-of-use assets), net by geographic area for the years ended December 31, 2024, and 2023: December 31, 2024 2023 Americas $ 10,506 $ 13,848 EMEA 7,367 8,577 APAC 4,019 3,012 Total $ 21,892 $ 25,437

Stock-based compensation (Table

Stock-based compensation (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Schedule of Allocation of Recognized Period Costs	Total stock-based compensation expense for all equity arrangements for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 were as follows: December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Cost of revenue $ 368 $ 452 $ 507 Sales and marketing 17,782 23,371 13,520 Technology and development 19,198 17,538 9,937 General and administrative 22,414 39,742 20,788 Total $ 59,762 $ 81,103 $ 44,752 The Company maintains multiple stock-based incentive compensation plans. Expense relating to outstanding awards under such plans is summarized as follows: December 31, Unamortized Expense as of Weighted 2024 2023 2022 December 31, 2024 Time-Based Options 2018 Plan $ 779 $ 3,989 $ 13,727 2021 Plan 2,076 2,279 3,094 Total Time-Based Options Expense $ 2,855 $ 6,268 $ 16,821 $ 933 0.5 years Return-Target Options 2018 Plan $ (653) $ 18,215 $ — 2021 Plan (397) 3,124 — Total Return-Target Options Expense $ (1,050) $ 21,339 $ — $ — 0.0 years LTIP Expense (2018 Plan) $ — $ 333 $ — Other Equity Awards Under 2021 Plan Restricted Stock Units ("RSUs") $ 41,445 $ 34,698 $ 22,548 $ 98,515 2.8 years Market Stock Units ("MSUs") 14,880 17,093 5,070 14,438 2.2 years Other Equity Awards Under 2021 Plan Expense $ 56,325 $ 51,791 $ 27,618 $ 112,953 Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("ESPP") $ 1,632 $ 1,372 $ 313 Total Stock-Based Compensation Expense $ 59,762 $ 81,103 $ 44,752 $ 113,886
Schedule of Stock Option Activity	Time-Based Service Option activity is as follows: Options Weighted Weighted Intrinsic Value Outstanding as of December 31, 2023 3,060,388 $ 7.70 5.70 $ 23,251 Canceled or forfeited (108,529) 16.60 — — Exercised (64,049) 6.38 — — Outstanding as of December 31, 2024 2,887,810 $ 7.39 4.61 $ 13,859 Vested and expected to vest as of December 31, 2024 2,887,810 $ 7.39 4.61 $ 13,859 Exercisable as of December 31, 2024 2,804,324 $ 7.07 4.56 $ 13,859 Options Weighted Weighted Intrinsic Value Outstanding as of December 31, 2022 4,251,290 $ 8.07 6.97 $ 12,163 Conversion of Return-Target Options to Time-Based Options 9,112 8.58 — — Canceled or forfeited (198,221) 14.43 — — Exercised (1,001,793) 7.98 — — Outstanding as of December 31, 2023 3,060,388 $ 7.70 5.70 $ 23,251 Vested and expected to vest as of December 31, 2023 3,060,388 $ 7.70 5.70 $ 23,251 Exercisable as of December 31, 2023 2,688,644 $ 6.64 5.48 $ 22,573 Options Weighted Weighted Intrinsic Value Outstanding as of December 31, 2021 6,648,975 $ 7.46 7.76 $ 98,055 Granted — — — — Canceled or forfeited (810,957) 10.04 — — Exercised (1,586,728) 4.51 — — Outstanding as of December 31, 2022 4,251,290 $ 8.07 6.97 $ 12,163 Vested and expected to vest as of December 31, 2022 4,251,290 $ 8.07 6.97 $ 12,163 Exercisable as of December 31, 2022 3,033,235 $ 6.34 6.59 $ 10,878 Return-Target Option activity Return-Target Option activity is as follows: Options Weighted Weighted Intrinsic Value Outstanding as of December 31, 2023 1,725,030 $ 7.47 5.78 $ 13,318 Canceled or forfeited (97,241) 11.40 — — Exercised — — — — Outstanding as of December 31, 2024 1,627,789 $ 7.24 4.71 $ 7,743 Vested and expected to vest as of December 31, 2024 1,627,789 $ 7.24 4.71 $ 7,743 Exercisable as of December 31, 2024 — $ — — $ — Options Weighted Weighted Intrinsic Value Outstanding as of December 31, 2022 2,153,264 $ 8.03 6.97 $ 6,190 Conversion of Return-Target Options to Time-Based Options (9,112) 8.58 — — Canceled or forfeited (419,122) 10.34 — — Exercised — — — — Outstanding as of December 31, 2023 1,725,030 $ 7.47 5.78 $ 13,318 Vested and expected to vest as of December 31, 2023 1,725,030 $ 7.47 5.78 $ 13,318 Exercisable as of December 31, 2023 — $ — — $ — Options Weighted Weighted Intrinsic Value Outstanding as of December 31, 2021 3,265,126 $ 7.53 7.27 $ 47,947 Granted — — — — Canceled or forfeited (1,111,862) 6.54 — — Exercised — — — — Outstanding as of December 31, 2022 2,153,264 $ 8.03 6.97 $ 6,190 Vested and expected to vest as of December 31, 2022 2,153,264 $ 8.03 6.97 $ 6,190 Exercisable as of December 31, 2022 — $ — — $ —
Schedule of Restricted Stock Unit Activity	RSU activity for the years ended December 31, 2024, and 2023 is as follows: RSUs Number of Shares Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Outstanding as of December 31, 2021 2,426,147 $ 19.43 Granted 8,050,276 10.78 Canceled or forfeited (1,306,090) 16.17 Vested (1,084,966) 15.48 Outstanding as of December 31, 2022 8,085,367 $ 11.88 Granted 4,936,078 13.56 Canceled or forfeited (1,064,682) 13.35 Vested (2,942,328) 12.54 Outstanding as of December 31, 2023 9,014,435 $ 12.41 Granted 5,997,330 10.45 Canceled or forfeited (2,239,793) 11.14 Vested (3,207,853) 12.09 Outstanding as of December 31, 2024 9,564,119 $ 11.59 Vested and expected to vest as of December 31, 2024 9,564,119
Schedule of Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Market Stock Unit, Activity	MSU activity for the year ended December 31, 2024, is as follows: MSUs Number of Shares Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Outstanding as of December 31, 2021 — $ — Granted 1,465,286 14.53 Canceled or forfeited (256,024) 14.41 Vested — — Outstanding as of December 31, 2022 1,209,262 $ 14.55 Granted 1,446,396 21.01 Canceled or forfeited (444,979) 16.52 Change in awards based on performance 139,609 14.93 Vested (549,802) 14.97 Outstanding as of December 31, 2023 1,800,486 $ 19.28 Granted 1,395,332 14.86 Canceled or forfeited (517,284) 18.51 Change in awards based on performance (133,473) 21.38 Vested (515,890) 18.57 Outstanding as of December 31, 2024 2,029,171 $ 16.09 Vested and expected to vest as of December 31, 2024 2,029,171

Leases (Tables)

Leases (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Leases [Abstract]
Schedule of Lease, Cost	The following table presents components of lease cost recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income: December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Lease costs: Operating lease costs $ 9,404 $ 8,742 $ 7,141 Short-term lease costs 2,127 2,537 3,393 Variable lease costs 843 683 395 Sublease income (2,624) (2,624) (2,624) Total lease costs $ 9,750 $ 9,338 $ 8,306
Schedule of Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Maturity	As of December 31, 2024, the maturities of remaining lease payments included in the measurement of operating leases are as follows: Maturities of Remaining Lease Payments 2025 $ 11,106 2026 7,495 2027 2,756 2028 723 2029 1,235 Thereafter 3,129 Total lease payments 26,444 Less: imputed interest (2,886) Total operating lease liability $ 23,558

Net income per share (Tables)

Net income per share (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Schedule of Earnings Per Share Basic and Diluted	Basic and diluted net income per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average shares outstanding: December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Numerator: Net income $ 37,795 $ 7,238 $ 15,373 Denominator: Basic Shares: Weighted average shares outstanding 161,060,227 156,272,335 154,699,694 Diluted Shares: Basic weighted average shares outstanding 161,060,227 156,272,335 154,699,694 Dilutive effect of stock-based awards 4,405,609 5,450,796 2,558,389 Weighted-average diluted shares outstanding 165,465,836 161,723,131 157,258,083 Net income per share: Basic $ 0.23 $ 0.05 $ 0.10 Diluted $ 0.23 $ 0.04 $ 0.10
Schedule of Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation of Earnings Per Share	The following potential outstanding equity awards were excluded from the computation of diluted net income per share attributable to common stockholders for the years presented given that their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive. Since the conditions associated with the vesting of the Return Target Options, RSUs and MSUs have not occurred as of the reporting date, such options are excluded from the table below. December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Options to purchase common stock 1,200,684 1,603,489 4,464,179 Restricted stock units 3,023,499 714,296 1,834,100 Market stock units 515,199 1,011,426 417,010 Total 4,739,382 3,329,211 6,715,289

Fair value disclosures (Tables)

Fair value disclosures (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Schedule of Cash Equivalents Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis	The following table summarizes our cash equivalents measured at fair value on a recurring basis: Fair value hierarchy Fair value Money market funds December 31, 2023 Level 1 $ 15,331 December 31, 2024 Level 1 $ 16,055

Restructuring (Tables)

Restructuring (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]
Schedule of Restructuring Charge	The restructuring charge was recorded as follows: December 31, 2022 Cost of revenue $ 128 Sales and marketing 1,248 Technology and development 3,114 General and administrative 805 Total $ 5,295 Activity impacting the Company's restructuring reserves, recorded within accounts payable and accrued expenses on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, was as follows: Restructuring Reserve Balance at December 31, 2022 $ 4,315 Restructuring reserve increase 69 Payments and impact of FX (4,384) Balance at December 31, 2023 $ —

Condensed Financial Informati_2

Condensed Financial Information of Registrant (Parent Company Only) (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Condensed Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Condensed Balance Sheet	INTEGRAL AD SCIENCE HOLDING CORP. (PARENT COMPANY ONLY) CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS December 31, (IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE DATA) 2024 2023 ASSETS Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents $ — $ — Total current assets — — Investment in subsidiaries 1,008,011 909,456 Total assets $ 1,008,011 $ 909,456 LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY Current liabilities $ — $ — Total current liabilities — — Total liabilities — — Commitments and Contingencies (Note 15) Stockholders’ Equity Preferred Stock, $0.001 par value, 50,000,000 shares authorized at December 31, 2024, 0 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2024 and 2023 — — Common Stock, $0.001 par value, 500,000,000 shares authorized at December 31, 2024, 162,871,266 and 158,757,620 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively 163 159 Additional paid-in-capital 964,765 901,259 Accumulated other comprehensive loss (3,666) (916) Accumulated earnings 46,749 8,954 Total stockholders’ equity 1,008,011 909,456 Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 1,008,011 $ 909,456
Schedule of Condensed Income Statement	INTEGRAL AD SCIENCE HOLDING CORP. (PARENT COMPANY ONLY) CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS Year Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Revenue $ — $ — $ — Operating expenses — — — Operating income — — — Interest income, net — — — Income before provision for income taxes and equity in net income of subsidiaries — — — Benefit from income taxes — — — Equity in net income of subsidiaries 37,795 7,238 15,373 Net income $ 37,795 $ 7,238 $ 15,373
Schedule of Condensed Statement of Comprehensive Income	INTEGRAL AD SCIENCE HOLDING CORP. (PARENT COMPANY ONLY) CONDENSED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME Year Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Net income $ 37,795 $ 7,238 $ 15,373 Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax: Subsidiaries’ other comprehensive (loss) income (2,750) 1,983 (2,584) Total other comprehensive (loss) income (2,750) 1,983 (2,584) Total comprehensive income $ 35,045 $ 9,221 $ 12,789

Basis of presentation and sum_4

Basis of presentation and summary of significant accounting policies - Narrative (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($) sublease	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Jan. 01, 2023 USD ($)	Jan. 01, 2022 USD ($)
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Employee retention tax credit	$ 0	$ 0	$ 6,981,000
Unrealized foreign exchange gains (losses)	(2,898,000)	484,000	(5,229,000)
Realized transaction gains (losses)	(1,029,000)	(914,000)	480,000
Interest income	$ 2,999,000	2,774,000	466,000
Number of subleases classified as operating leases | sublease	1
Goodwill, impairment loss	$ 0	0	0
Contract liability	1,061,000	682,000
Payments to acquire software	38,585,000	31,749,000	15,379,000
Internal use software payable	$ 816,000	1,444,000
Estimated Useful Life	3 years
Advertising expense	$ 2,328,000	2,900,000	$ 2,333,000
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net	17,888,000	21,668,000			$ 21,666,000
Lease liability	23,558,000				$ 29,361,000
Adjustments to retained earnings	$ 46,749,000	$ 8,954,000
Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment | Accounting Standards Update 2016-13
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Adjustments to retained earnings				$ 941,000

Basis of presentation and sum_5

Basis of presentation and summary of significant accounting policies - Restricted Cash Rollforward (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Restricted Cash Rollforward [Roll Forward]
Restricted cash at beginning of period	$ 2,531	$ 2,794
Release of deposits for facilities leases no longer restricted	(104)	(256)
Release of deposits for medical claims and other		(7)
Deposits for medical claims and other	439
Restricted cash at end of period	$ 2,866	$ 2,531

Basis of presentation and sum_6

Basis of presentation and summary of significant accounting policies - Reconciliation of Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 84,469	$ 124,759
Short-term restricted cash	506	54
Long-term restricted cash (held in other long-term assets)	2,360	2,477
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash shown in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	$ 87,335	$ 127,290	$ 89,671	$ 76,078

Basis of presentation and sum_7

Basis of presentation and summary of significant accounting policies - Allowance for Credit Losses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Balance at beginning of year	$ 8,645	$ 6,691	$ 5,883
Additional provision	21	3,816	1,837
Receivables written-off/reversals	(1,212)	(591)	(1,029)
Balance at the end of year	7,454	8,645	6,691
Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Balance at beginning of year	$ 0	(1,271)	0
Balance at the end of year		$ 0	$ (1,271)

Basis of presentation and sum_8

Basis of presentation and summary of significant accounting policies - Valuation Assumptions of Stock Options (Details) - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected volatility (%), minimum	43%	50%	70%
Expected volatility (%), maximum	66%	65%	80%
Risk-free interest rate (%), minimum	4.21%	3.63%	2.96%
Risk-free interest rate (%), maximum	5.15%	5.55%	3.97%
Dividend yield	0%	0%	0%
Minimum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Estimated fair value (in dollars per share)	$ 3.19	$ 3.35	$ 3.26
Expected term (in years)	5 months 4 days	3 months 3 days	6 months
Maximum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Estimated fair value (in dollars per share)	$ 14.86	$ 38.36	$ 15.15
Expected term (in years)	4 years	4 years	4 years

Revenue - Schedule of Disaggreg

Revenue - Schedule of Disaggregated Revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 530,101	$ 474,369	$ 408,348
Optimization revenue
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	242,624	224,473	190,608
Measurement revenue
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	210,964	186,049	154,929
Publisher revenue
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 76,513	$ 63,847	$ 62,811

Revenue - Narrative (Details)

Revenue - Narrative (Details) - Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2025-01-01 $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Remaining performance obligation amount	$ 22,946
Minimum
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Recognition period of remaining performance obligations	1 year
Maximum
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Recognition period of remaining performance obligations	3 years

Property and equipment, net - P

Property and equipment, net - Property and Equipment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	$ 7,260	$ 7,408
Less: accumulated depreciation	(3,256)	(3,639)
Total property and equipment, net	4,004	3,769
Computer and office equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	$ 3,893	4,070
Computer and office equipment | Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Life	1 year
Computer and office equipment | Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Life	3 years
Computer software
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	$ 0	218
Computer software | Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Life	3 years
Computer software | Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Life	5 years
Leasehold improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	$ 2,794	2,535
Furniture
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Life	5 years
Total property and equipment	$ 573	$ 585

Property and equipment, net - N

Property and equipment, net - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Depreciation expense	$ 1,322	$ 1,050	$ 907
Write down of property plant and equipment	$ 1,655	$ 267	$ 294
Impairment, Long -Lived Asset, Held-for-Use, Statement Of Income Or Comprehensive Income, Extensible Enumeration, Not Disclosed Flag	wrote off assets	wrote off assets	wrote off assets

Internal use software, net - In

Internal use software, net - Internal Use Software, Net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Internal Use Software [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Life	3 years
Internal use software	$ 101,326	$ 69,797
Less: asset impairments	(170)	(33)	$ (199)
Less: accumulated amortization	(47,520)	(29,463)
Total internal use software, net	$ 53,636	$ 40,301
Minimum
Internal Use Software [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Life	3 years
Maximum
Internal Use Software [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Life	5 years

Internal use software, net - Na

Internal use software, net - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Internal Use Software [Abstract]
Internal use software expense	$ 24,902	$ 15,087	$ 9,632
Write off of fully amortized assets	6,599	9,625
Write off of internal use software	$ 170	$ 33	$ 199

Internal use software, net - Es

Internal use software, net - Estimated Amortization Expense for Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Internal Use Software [Abstract]
2025	$ 27,604
2026	18,923
2027	7,109
Total internal use software, net	$ 53,636	$ 40,301

Intangible assets, net - Gross

Intangible assets, net - Gross Book Value, Accumulated Amortization, Net Book Value and Amortization Periods of Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Book Value	$ 458,510	$ 459,253
Accumulated Amortization	(317,567)	(280,345)
Net Book Value	140,943	178,908
Customer relationships
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Book Value	301,921	301,994
Accumulated Amortization	(171,150)	(142,135)
Net Book Value	$ 130,771	$ 159,859
Weighted Average Remaining Useful Life	7 years 8 months 12 days	8 years 7 months 6 days
Customer relationships | Minimum
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Life	5 years	5 years
Customer relationships | Maximum
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Life	15 years	15 years
Developed technology
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Life	5 years	5 years
Gross Book Value	$ 136,889	$ 137,361
Accumulated Amortization	(131,300)	(125,426)
Net Book Value	$ 5,589	$ 11,935
Weighted Average Remaining Useful Life	1 year 9 months 18 days	2 years 7 months 6 days
Trademarks
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Book Value	$ 19,700	$ 19,700
Accumulated Amortization	(15,117)	(12,604)
Net Book Value	$ 4,583	$ 7,096
Weighted Average Remaining Useful Life	2 years 4 months 24 days	3 years 4 months 24 days
Trademarks | Minimum
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Life	5 years	5 years
Trademarks | Maximum
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Life	9 years	9 years
Favorable leases
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Life		6 years
Gross Book Value		$ 198
Accumulated Amortization		(180)
Net Book Value		$ 18
Weighted Average Remaining Useful Life		6 months

Intangible assets, net - Narrat

Intangible assets, net - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Amortization of intangible assets	$ 37,742	$ 38,829	$ 39,857
Impairment, Intangible Asset, Finite-Lived, Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]	Operating expenses
Favorable leases
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Write-off of fully amortized intangible assets	$ 198

Intangible assets, net - Amorti

Intangible assets, net - Amortization Schedule (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
2025	$ 34,069
2026	29,835
2027	20,616
2028	14,340
2029	12,617
2030 and thereafter	29,466
Net Book Value	$ 140,943	$ 178,908

Goodwill - Changes in Goodwill

Goodwill - Changes in Goodwill (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Goodwill at beginning of period	$ 675,282	$ 674,094
Impact of changes in exchange rates and other	(2,257)	1,188
Goodwill at end of period	$ 673,025	$ 675,282

Goodwill - Narrative (Details)

Goodwill - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Goodwill, impairment loss	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0

Accounts payable and accrued _3

Accounts payable and accrued expenses and other long-term liabilities - Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities, Current [Abstract]
Accounts payable	$ 16,205	$ 12,092
Accrued payroll	7,123	9,250
Accrued professional fees	3,780	3,281
Accrued bonuses and commissions	19,781	20,413
Accrued revenue sharing	4,500	4,136
Taxes payable	6,673	6,436
Accrued hosting fees	6,006	9,475
Other accrued expenses	8,842	7,149
Total accounts payable and accrued expenses	$ 72,910	$ 72,232

Accounts payable and accrued _4

Accounts payable and accrued expenses and other long-term liabilities - Other Long Term Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Payables and Accruals [Abstract]
Security deposit received	$ 672	$ 672
Uncertain tax positions	8,041	5,511
Other long-term liabilities	$ 8,713	$ 6,183

Long-term debt - Narrative (Det

Long-term debt - Narrative (Details) $ in Thousands		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 29, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Amortization of debt issuance costs		$ 464	$ 463	$ 464
Interest expense		7,893	14,547	$ 9,055
Credit Agreement | Revolving Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Line of credit, maximum borrowing capacity	$ 300,000
Debt costs	$ 2,318
Proceeds from line of credit		0	75,000
Repayments of long-term lines of credit		$ 120,000	$ 145,000
Effective interest rate on debt		6.40%
Maximum net leverage ratio	3.50
Minimum interest coverage ratio	2.50
Credit Agreement | Revolving Credit Facility | Minimum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Commitment fee rate	0.20%
Credit Agreement | Revolving Credit Facility | Maximum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Commitment fee rate	0.35%
Credit Agreement | Revolving Credit Facility | Base Rate | Minimum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate	0.75%
Credit Agreement | Revolving Credit Facility | Base Rate | Maximum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate	1.50%
Credit Agreement | Revolving Credit Facility | Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) | Minimum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate	1.75%
Credit Agreement | Revolving Credit Facility | Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) | Maximum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate	2.50%
Credit Agreement | Revolving Credit Facility | Sterling | Minimum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate	1.7826%
Credit Agreement | Revolving Credit Facility | Sterling | Maximum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate	2.5326%
Credit Agreement | Revolving Credit Facility | Eurodollar | Minimum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate	1.7965%
Credit Agreement | Revolving Credit Facility | Eurodollar | Maximum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate	2.5456%
Credit Agreement | Letter of Credit
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Line of credit, maximum borrowing capacity	$ 30,000
Credit Agreement | Alternative Currency
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Line of credit, maximum borrowing capacity	100,000
Credit Agreement | Term Loan
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Incremental increases in maximum borrowing capacity	$ 5,000

Long-term debt - Schedule of Lo

Long-term debt - Schedule of Long-Term Debt Instruments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Less: Unamortized long-term debt issuance costs	$ (811)	$ (1,275)
Total carrying amount	34,189	153,725
Revolving Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Revolver	$ 35,000	$ 155,000

Long-term debt - Future Princip

Long-term debt - Future Principal Payments (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Future Principal Payments
2025	$ 0
2026	35,000
Total principal payments	$ 35,000

Income taxes - Income (Loss) Be

Income taxes - Income (Loss) Before Benefit From Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
United States	$ 36,803	$ 29,769	$ 6,819
Foreign Operations	18,225	(24,913)	6,266
Net income before income taxes	$ 55,028	$ 4,856	$ 13,085

Income taxes - Components of th

Income taxes - Components of the (Benefit) Provision for Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Current tax provision
Federal	$ 24,606	$ 12,889	$ 1,094
Foreign	6,155	4,755	3,497
State and Local	2,889	1,505	2,001
Current tax provision	33,650	19,149	6,592
Deferred tax (benefit) provision
Federal	(18,853)	(12,263)	(661)
Foreign	736	606	(1,185)
State and Local	1,700	(9,874)	(7,034)
Deferred tax (benefit)	(16,417)	(21,531)	(8,880)
Provision (benefit) for income taxes	$ 17,233	$ (2,382)	$ (2,288)

Income taxes - Effective Income

Income taxes - Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
U.S. federal statutory income tax rate	21%	21%	21%
State income taxes, net of federal benefit	7%	(145.10%)	(41.30%)
Effect of non-U.S. operations	5.70%	120.70%	(0.70%)
Section 162(m)	4%	134.10%	24.40%
Stock-based compensation	3.50%	(7.10%)	23.80%
Transaction expenses	0%	7.90%	(14.70%)
US tax on foreign earnings	5.30%	(39.20%)	(6.50%)
R&D and other credits	(18.60%)	(189.50%)	(23.30%)
Change in valuation allowance	3.30%	42.70%	0%
Meals and entertainment	0.30%	3.80%	0%
Other	(0.20%)	1.60%	(0.20%)
Provision (benefit) for income taxes	31.30%	(49.10%)	(17.50%)

Income taxes - Deferred Tax Ass

Income taxes - Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Deferred tax assets
Net Operating Loss (“NOL”) and other carryforwards	$ 11,244	$ 13,076
Stock-based compensation	6,901	5,704
Tax credit carryforward	2,731	1,573
Lease liability	4,051	6,655
Payroll and commissions	3,431	4,106
Allowance for credit losses	2,044	1,930
Section 174 capitalized costs	27,352	17,651
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	1,737	0
Total deferred tax assets	59,491	50,695
Valuation allowance	(7,051)	(5,292)	$ (3,217)
Net deferred tax assets	52,440	45,403
Deferred tax liabilities
Depreciation and amortization	(28,074)	(33,139)
Outside basis difference	(22,831)	(24,315)
Right of use asset	(2,978)	(5,359)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	0	(492)
Total deferred tax liabilities	(53,883)	(63,305)
Net deferred tax liability	$ (1,443)	$ (17,902)

Income taxes - Narrative (Detai

Income taxes - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2022
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Valuation allowance	$ 5,292	$ 7,051	$ 3,217
Change in valuation allowance	(1,855)
Operating loss carryforward, not subject to expiration	10,000	10,000
Unrecognized Tax Benefits	5,885	8,668	$ 2,808
Accrued liabilities for interest and penalties	87	183
Domestic Tax Authority
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Operating loss carryforwards	10,000	10,000
State and Local Jurisdiction
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Operating loss carryforwards	151,800	107,100
Foreign Tax Authority
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Operating loss carryforwards	$ 28,300	$ 30,500

Income taxes - Change in Valuat

Income taxes - Change in Valuation Allowances (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Deferred Tax Asset, Valuation Allowance [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of year	$ 5,292	$ 3,217
Additions charged to income tax expense	1,759	4,547
Reductions credited to income tax expense	0	(2,472)
Balance at end of year	$ 7,051	$ 5,292

Income taxes - Unrecognized Tax

Income taxes - Unrecognized Tax Benefits Roll Forward (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Excluding Amounts Pertaining to Examined Tax Returns [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of year	$ 5,885	$ 2,808
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year	1,449	1,447
Additions based on tax positions related to prior years	1,334	1,630
Balance at end of year	$ 8,668	$ 5,885

Segment data - Narrative (Detai

Segment data - Narrative (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($) segment	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 530,101	$ 474,369	$ 408,348
Long lived assets, net	$ 21,892	25,437
Number of operating segments | segment	1
Number of reportable segments | segment	1
U.S.
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 346,156	310,822	$ 264,166
Long lived assets, net	10,506	13,848
U.K.
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Long lived assets, net	$ 6,651	$ 7,479

Segment data - Selected Segment

Segment data - Selected Segment Financial Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 530,101	$ 474,369	$ 408,348
Less:
Depreciation and amortization	63,966	54,966	50,396
Interest expense, net	5,358	12,236	9,053
Employee retention tax credit	0	0	(6,981)
Provision (benefit) for income taxes	17,233	(2,382)	(2,288)
Net income	37,795	7,238	15,373
Reportable Segment
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	530,101	474,369	408,348
Less:
Cost of revenue (excluding depreciation and amortization shown below)	109,030	92,131	69,131
Compensation expense	210,391	231,402	200,134
Non-compensation expense	86,328	78,778	73,530
Depreciation and amortization	63,966	54,966	50,396
Interest expense, net	5,358	12,236	9,053
Employee retention tax credit	0	0	(6,981)
Provision (benefit) for income taxes	17,233	(2,382)	(2,288)
Net income	$ 37,795	$ 7,238	$ 15,373

Segment data - Revenue from Ext

Segment data - Revenue from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets, by Geographical Areas (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 530,101	$ 474,369	$ 408,348
Long lived assets, net	21,892	25,437
Americas
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Revenue	364,142	327,589	279,254
Long lived assets, net	10,506	13,848
EMEA
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Revenue	127,562	111,004	96,679
Long lived assets, net	7,367	8,577
APAC
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Revenue	38,397	35,776	$ 32,415
Long lived assets, net	$ 4,019	$ 3,012

Stock-based compensation - Allo

Stock-based compensation - Allocation of Recognized Period Costs (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Total Stock-Based Compensation Expense	$ 59,762	$ 81,103	$ 44,752
Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense	113,886
Time-Based Options
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Total Stock-Based Compensation Expense	2,855	6,268	16,821
Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense	$ 933
Recognition period for unamortized stock-based compensation expense	6 months
Return-Target Options
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Total Stock-Based Compensation Expense	$ (1,050)	21,339	0
Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense	$ 0
Recognition period for unamortized stock-based compensation expense	0 years
ESPP
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Total Stock-Based Compensation Expense	$ 1,632	1,372	313
2018 Plan | Time-Based Options
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Total Stock-Based Compensation Expense	779	3,989	13,727
2018 Plan | Return-Target Options
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Total Stock-Based Compensation Expense	(653)	18,215	0
2018 Plan | LTIP
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Total Stock-Based Compensation Expense	0	333	0
2021 Plan
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Total Stock-Based Compensation Expense	56,325	51,791	27,618
Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense	112,953
2021 Plan | Time-Based Options
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Total Stock-Based Compensation Expense	2,076	2,279	3,094
2021 Plan | Return-Target Options
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Total Stock-Based Compensation Expense	(397)	3,124	0
2021 Plan | Restricted stock units
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Total Stock-Based Compensation Expense	41,445	34,698	22,548
Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense	$ 98,515
Recognition period for unamortized stock-based compensation expense	2 years 9 months 18 days
2021 Plan | Market Stock Units ("MSUs")
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Total Stock-Based Compensation Expense	$ 14,880	17,093	5,070
Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense	$ 14,438
Recognition period for unamortized stock-based compensation expense	2 years 2 months 12 days
Cost of revenue
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Total Stock-Based Compensation Expense	$ 368	452	507
Sales and marketing
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Total Stock-Based Compensation Expense	17,782	23,371	13,520
Technology and development
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Total Stock-Based Compensation Expense	19,198	17,538	9,937
General and administrative
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Total Stock-Based Compensation Expense	$ 22,414	$ 39,742	$ 20,788

Stock-based compensation - Narr

Stock-based compensation - Narrative (Details)				3 Months Ended	4 Months Ended	6 Months Ended				12 Months Ended			32 Months Ended
	Aug. 01, 2022	Jun. 29, 2021	Aug. 01, 2018 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Apr. 30, 2022	Jul. 31, 2024 $ / shares shares	Jan. 31, 2024 $ / shares shares	Jul. 31, 2023 $ / shares shares	Jan. 31, 2023 $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($) day shares	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) shares	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) shares	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($) shares	Aug. 01, 2024 shares	Dec. 31, 2021 shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Total Stock-Based Compensation Expense										$ 59,762,000	$ 81,103,000	$ 44,752,000
2021 Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Total Stock-Based Compensation Expense										56,325,000	51,791,000	27,618,000
Time-Based Options
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Total Stock-Based Compensation Expense										$ 2,855,000	$ 6,268,000	$ 16,821,000
Stock options outstanding (in shares) | shares										2,887,810	3,060,388	4,251,290	2,887,810		6,648,975
Time-Based Options | 2018 Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period			4 years
Total Stock-Based Compensation Expense										$ 779,000	$ 3,989,000	$ 13,727,000
Time-Based Options | 2018 Plan | Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Tranche One
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period			12 months
Award vesting rate			25%
Time-Based Options | 2018 Plan | Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Tranche Two
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting rate			6.25%
Time-Based Options | Amended and Restated 2018 Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock options outstanding (in shares) | shares										2,219,944			2,219,944
Time-Based Options | 2021 Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Total Stock-Based Compensation Expense										$ 2,076,000	2,279,000	3,094,000
Stock options outstanding (in shares) | shares										667,866			667,866
Return-Target Options
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Total Stock-Based Compensation Expense										$ (1,050,000)	$ 21,339,000	$ 0
Stock options outstanding (in shares) | shares										1,627,789	1,725,030	2,153,264	1,627,789		3,265,126
Return-Target Options | 2018 Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Total Stock-Based Compensation Expense										$ (653,000)	$ 18,215,000	$ 0
Return-Target Options | Amended and Restated 2018 Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Threshold for vesting based on cash redemption			$ 1,170,000,000
Total Stock-Based Compensation Expense				$ 23,450,000
Stock options outstanding (in shares) | shares										1,293,493			1,293,493
Return-Target Options | 2021 Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Total Stock-Based Compensation Expense										$ (397,000)	3,124,000	0
Stock options outstanding (in shares) | shares										334,296			334,296
Stock Options | 2021 Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock options outstanding (in shares) | shares										1,002,162			1,002,162
Stock authorized for awards (in shares) | shares										43,059,189			43,059,189
Period of increase in stock reserved for future issuance		10 years
Increase in stock reserved for future issuance, proportion of common stock outstanding (as a percent)		5%
Restricted stock units | 2021 Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period					4 years								4 years
Award vesting rate					25%								6.25%
Total Stock-Based Compensation Expense										$ 41,445,000	34,698,000	22,548,000
Market stock units | 2021 Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period										4 years
Vesting eligibility, payout factor calculation, measurement period for average closing stock price, number of trading days preceding vesting date | day										10
Vesting eligibility payout factor calculation, maximum quotient allowable for minimum payout factor (less than)										0.60
Market stock units | 2021 Plan | Minimum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting eligibility, payout factor										0
Market stock units | 2021 Plan | Maximum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting eligibility, payout factor										2.25
Market stock units | 2021 Plan | Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Tranche One
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting rate										25%
Market stock units | 2021 Plan | Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Tranche Two
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting rate										6.25%
ESPP
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Total Stock-Based Compensation Expense										$ 1,632,000	$ 1,372,000	$ 313,000
Stock authorized for awards (in shares) | shares										6,161,033			6,161,033
Increase in stock reserved for future issuance, proportion of common stock outstanding (as a percent)										1%
Increase in stock reserved for future issuance, maximum shares of common stock allotted for ESPP (in shares) | shares										16,000,000			16,000,000
Maximum employee payroll deductions of eligible compensation for ESPP (as a percent)										15%			15%
Maximum annual employee payroll deductions of eligible compensation for ESPP										$ 25,000			$ 25,000
Purchase price of ESPP shares, percent										85%
Offering period	6 months
Stock issued under the ESPP (in shares) | shares						172,615	153,239	162,406	111,163			0
ESPP purchase (in dollars per share) | $ / shares						$ 8.65	$ 12.37	$ 8.77	$ 7.93
Shares available for future purchase under ESPP (in shares) | shares														5,561,610

Stock-based compensation - Stoc

Stock-based compensation - Stock Option Activity (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Time-Based Options
Options
Outstanding balance at beginning of period (in shares)	3,060,388	4,251,290	6,648,975
Granted (in shares)			0
Conversion of return-target options to time-based options (in shares)		9,112
Canceled or forfeited (in shares)	(108,529)	(198,221)	(810,957)
Exercised (in shares)	(64,049)	(1,001,793)	(1,586,728)
Outstanding balance at end of period (in shares)	2,887,810	3,060,388	4,251,290	6,648,975
Vested and expected to vest (in shares)	2,887,810	3,060,388	4,251,290
Exercisable (in shares)	2,804,324	2,688,644	3,033,235
Weighted Average Exercise Price
Outstanding balance at beginning of period (in usd per share)	$ 7.70	$ 8.07	$ 7.46
Granted (in usd per share)			0
Conversion of return-target options to time-based options (in usd per share)		8.58
Canceled or forfeited (in usd per share)	16.60	14.43	10.04
Exercised (in usd per share)	6.38	7.98	4.51
Outstanding balance at end of period (in usd per share)	7.39	7.70	8.07	$ 7.46
Vested and expected to vest (in usd per share)	7.39	7.70	8.07
Exercisable (in usd per share)	$ 7.07	$ 6.64	$ 6.34
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (years)
Outstanding	4 years 7 months 9 days	5 years 8 months 12 days	6 years 11 months 19 days	7 years 9 months 3 days
Vested and expected to vest	4 years 7 months 9 days	5 years 8 months 12 days	6 years 11 months 19 days
Exercisable	4 years 6 months 21 days	5 years 5 months 23 days	6 years 7 months 2 days
Intrinsic Value
Outstanding	$ 13,859	$ 23,251	$ 12,163	$ 98,055
Vested and expected to vest	13,859	23,251	12,163
Exercisable	$ 13,859	$ 22,573	$ 10,878
Return-Target Options
Options
Outstanding balance at beginning of period (in shares)	1,725,030	2,153,264	3,265,126
Granted (in shares)			0
Conversion of return-target options to time-based options (in shares)		(9,112)
Canceled or forfeited (in shares)	(97,241)	(419,122)	(1,111,862)
Exercised (in shares)	0	0	0
Outstanding balance at end of period (in shares)	1,627,789	1,725,030	2,153,264	3,265,126
Vested and expected to vest (in shares)	1,627,789	1,725,030	2,153,264
Exercisable (in shares)	0	0	0
Weighted Average Exercise Price
Outstanding balance at beginning of period (in usd per share)	$ 7.47	$ 8.03	$ 7.53
Granted (in usd per share)			0
Conversion of return-target options to time-based options (in usd per share)		8.58
Canceled or forfeited (in usd per share)	11.40	10.34	6.54
Exercised (in usd per share)	0	0	0
Outstanding balance at end of period (in usd per share)	7.24	7.47	8.03	$ 7.53
Vested and expected to vest (in usd per share)	7.24	7.47	8.03
Exercisable (in usd per share)	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (years)
Outstanding	4 years 8 months 15 days	5 years 9 months 10 days	6 years 11 months 19 days	7 years 3 months 7 days
Vested and expected to vest	4 years 8 months 15 days	5 years 9 months 10 days	6 years 11 months 19 days
Intrinsic Value
Outstanding	$ 7,743	$ 13,318	$ 6,190	$ 47,947
Vested and expected to vest	7,743	13,318	6,190
Exercisable	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0

Stock-based compensation - Rest

Stock-based compensation - Restricted Stock Unit and Market Stock Unit Activity (Details) - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Restricted stock units
Number of Shares
Outstanding balance at beginning of period (in shares)	9,014,435	8,085,367	2,426,147
Granted (in shares)	5,997,330	4,936,078	8,050,276
Canceled or forfeited (in shares)	(2,239,793)	(1,064,682)	(1,306,090)
Vested (in shares)	(3,207,853)	(2,942,328)	(1,084,966)
Outstanding balance at end of period (in shares)	9,564,119	9,014,435	8,085,367
Vested and expected to vest (in shares)	9,564,119
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding balance at beginning of period (in usd per share)	$ 12.41	$ 11.88	$ 19.43
Granted (in usd per share)	10.45	13.56	10.78
Canceled or forfeited (in usd per share)	11.14	13.35	16.17
Vested (in usd per share)	12.09	12.54	15.48
Outstanding balance at end of period (in usd per share)	$ 11.59	$ 12.41	$ 11.88
Market stock units
Number of Shares
Outstanding balance at beginning of period (in shares)	1,800,486	1,209,262	0
Granted (in shares)	1,395,332	1,446,396	1,465,286
Canceled or forfeited (in shares)	(517,284)	(444,979)	(256,024)
Change in awards based on performance (in shares)	(133,473)	139,609
Vested (in shares)	(515,890)	(549,802)	0
Outstanding balance at end of period (in shares)	2,029,171	1,800,486	1,209,262
Vested and expected to vest (in shares)	2,029,171
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding balance at beginning of period (in usd per share)	$ 19.28	$ 14.55	$ 0
Granted (in usd per share)	14.86	21.01	14.53
Canceled or forfeited (in usd per share)	18.51	16.52	14.41
Vested (in usd per share)	18.57	14.97	0
Change in awards based on performance (in usd per share)	21.38	14.93
Outstanding balance at end of period (in usd per share)	$ 16.09	$ 19.28	$ 14.55

Stockholders' equity (Details)

Stockholders' equity (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	500,000,000	500,000,000
Common stock, par value (in usd per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	50,000,000	50,000,000
Preferred stock, par value (in usd per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Option exercises	$ 409	$ 7,989	$ 7,155
Repurchase of common stock			$ 23,655
Common Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Stock issued during period for vested units (in shares)	3,723,743	3,492,130	1,084,966
Option exercises (in shares)	64,049	1,001,793	1,586,728
Option exercises		$ 1	$ 2
Stock issued under the ESPP (in shares)	325,854	273,569
Repurchase of common stock (in shares)			3,080,061
Repurchase of common stock			$ 3
Additional paid-in capital
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Option exercises	$ 409	$ 7,988	7,153
Repurchase of common stock			$ 23,652

Leases - Narrative (Details)

Leases - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Weighted average remaining lease term	3 years 6 months
Weighted average discount rate	6%
Operating lease payments	$ 10,780	$ 8,792
Proceeds from lease payment	2,825	2,756
Security deposits	$ 2,256	$ 1,925
Maximum
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Remaining lease term	7 years 9 months 18 days

Leases - Lease Cost (Details)

Leases - Lease Cost (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Leases [Abstract]
Operating lease costs	$ 9,404	$ 8,742	$ 7,141
Short-term lease costs	2,127	2,537	3,393
Variable lease costs	843	683	395
Sublease income	(2,624)	(2,624)	(2,624)
Total lease costs	$ 9,750	$ 9,338	$ 8,306

Leases - Maturities of Remainin

Leases - Maturities of Remaining Lease Payments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024	Jan. 01, 2022
Maturities of Remaining Lease Payments
2025	$ 11,106
2026	7,495
2027	2,756
2028	723
2029	1,235
Thereafter	3,129
Total lease payments	26,444
Less: imputed interest	(2,886)
Total operating lease liability	$ 23,558	$ 29,361

Commitments and contingencies (

Commitments and contingencies (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Purchase obligation	$ 116,203

Employee contribution plans (De

Employee contribution plans (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]
Matching contribution amount	$ 4,665	$ 4,704	$ 4,062

Net income per share - Earnings

Net income per share - Earnings Per Share Basic and Diluted (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Numerator:
Net income	$ 37,795	$ 7,238	$ 15,373
Denominator:
Weighted average shares outstanding - basic (in shares)	161,060,227	156,272,335	154,699,694
Dilutive effect of stock-based awards (in shares)	4,405,609	5,450,796	2,558,389
Weighted-average diluted shares outstanding	165,465,836	161,723,131	157,258,083
Net income per share:
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ 0.23	$ 0.05	$ 0.10
Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ 0.23	$ 0.04	$ 0.10

Net income per share - Antidilu

Net income per share - Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share (Details) - shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share, amount (in shares)	4,739,382	3,329,211	6,715,289
Options to purchase common stock
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share, amount (in shares)	1,200,684	1,603,489	4,464,179
Restricted stock units
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share, amount (in shares)	3,023,499	714,296	1,834,100
Market stock units
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share, amount (in shares)	515,199	1,011,426	417,010

Fair value disclosures (Details

Fair value disclosures (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Level 1 | Money market funds
Fair Value Disclosure, Asset and Liability, Not Measured at Fair Value [Line Items]
Money market funds included in cash and cash equivalents	$ 16,055	$ 15,331

Related-party transactions (Det

Related-party transactions (Details) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended			12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	May 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
General and administrative				$ 95,717,000	$ 111,634,000	$ 79,654,000
Due to related party	$ 121,000			11,000	121,000
Related Party | VEP
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Additional proceeds from sale of stock	0
Costs for sale of stock	$ 1,770,000
Related Party | VEP | Secondary Offering
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Number of shares issued in sale of stock (in shares)	11,000,000		11,500,000
Related Party | VEP | Block Trade
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Number of shares issued in sale of stock (in shares)		5,220,000
Related Party | Consulting Services and Other Expenses | VCG
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
General and administrative				2,000	2,000	77,000
Due to related party	$ 0			0	0
Related Party | Travel and Other Expenses | VEP
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
General and administrative				33,000	100,000	$ 75,000
Due to related party	$ 30,000			$ 0	$ 30,000

Restructuring - Narrative (Deta

Restructuring - Narrative (Details)		12 Months Ended
	Dec. 07, 2022 employee	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]
Approximate workforce reduction, number of employees | employee	120
Restructuring liability			$ 0	$ 4,315,000
Restructuring activity		$ 0	$ 0	$ 5,295,000

Restructuring - Restructuring C

Restructuring - Restructuring Charge (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Total	$ 0	$ 0	$ 5,295,000
Cost of revenue
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Total			$ 128,000
Restructuring Charges, Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]			Cost of Goods and Service, Excluding Depreciation, Depletion, and Amortization
Sales and marketing
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Total			$ 1,248,000
Restructuring Charges, Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]			Sales and marketing
Technology and development
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Total			$ 3,114,000
Restructuring Charges, Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]			Technology and development
General and administrative
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Total			$ 805,000
Restructuring Charges, Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]			General and administrative

Restructuring - Restructuring R

Restructuring - Restructuring Reserve Activity (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Restructuring reserve, balance at beginning of period	$ 4,315,000
Restructuring reserve increase	69,000
Payments and impact of FX	(4,384,000)
Restructuring reserve, balance at end of period	$ 0

Condensed Financial Informati_3

Condensed Financial Information of Registrant (Parent Company Only) - Balance Sheet (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 84,469	$ 124,759
Total current assets	254,457	264,929
Total assets	1,151,571	1,191,724
Current liabilities:
Total current liabilities	84,166	82,470
Total liabilities	143,560	282,268
Commitments and Contingencies
Stockholders’ Equity
Common Stock, $0.001 par value, 500,000,000 shares authorized at December 31, 2024, 162,871,266 and 158,757,620 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively	163	159
Additional paid-in-capital	964,765	901,259
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(3,666)	(916)
Accumulated earnings	46,749	8,954
Total stockholders’ equity	1,008,011	909,456	$ 808,216	$ 767,190
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$ 1,151,571	$ 1,191,724
Preferred stock, par value (in usd per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	50,000,000	50,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0	0
Common stock, par value (in usd per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	500,000,000	500,000,000
Common stock, shares, issued (in shares)	162,871,266	158,757,620
Common stock, shares, outstanding (in shares)	162,871,266	158,757,620
Parent Company
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 0	$ 0
Total current assets	0	0
Investment in subsidiaries	1,008,011	909,456
Total assets	1,008,011	909,456
Current liabilities:
Total current liabilities	0	0
Total liabilities	0	0
Commitments and Contingencies
Stockholders’ Equity
Preferred Stock, $0.001 par value, 50,000,000 shares authorized at December 31, 2024, 0 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2024 and 2023	0	0
Common Stock, $0.001 par value, 500,000,000 shares authorized at December 31, 2024, 162,871,266 and 158,757,620 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively	163	159
Additional paid-in-capital	964,765	901,259
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(3,666)	(916)
Accumulated earnings	46,749	8,954
Total stockholders’ equity	1,008,011	909,456
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$ 1,008,011	$ 909,456
Preferred stock, par value (in usd per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	50,000,000	50,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0	0
Common stock, par value (in usd per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	500,000,000	500,000,000
Common stock, shares, issued (in shares)	162,871,266	158,757,620
Common stock, shares, outstanding (in shares)	162,871,266	158,757,620

Condensed Financial Informati_4

Condensed Financial Information of Registrant (Parent Company Only) - Income Statement (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Condensed Income Statements, Captions [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 530,101	$ 474,369	$ 408,348
Operating expenses	469,715	457,277	393,191
Operating income	60,386	17,092	15,157
Interest expense, net	(5,358)	(12,236)	(9,053)
Net income before income taxes	55,028	4,856	13,085
Benefit from income taxes	(17,233)	2,382	2,288
Net income	37,795	7,238	15,373
Parent Company
Condensed Income Statements, Captions [Line Items]
Revenue	0	0	0
Operating expenses	0	0	0
Operating income	0	0	0
Interest expense, net	0	0	0
Net income before income taxes	0	0	0
Benefit from income taxes	0	0	0
Equity in net income of subsidiaries	37,795	7,238	15,373
Net income	$ 37,795	$ 7,238	$ 15,373

Condensed Financial Informati_5

Condensed Financial Information of Registrant (Parent Company Only) - Comprehensive Income (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Condensed Statement of Income Captions [Line Items]
Net income	$ 37,795	$ 7,238	$ 15,373
Total comprehensive income	35,045	9,221	12,789
Parent Company
Condensed Statement of Income Captions [Line Items]
Net income	37,795	7,238	15,373
Total other comprehensive (loss) income	(2,750)	1,983	(2,584)
Total comprehensive income	$ 35,045	$ 9,221	$ 12,789

Condensed Financial Informati_6

Condensed Financial Information of Registrant (Parent Company Only) - Narrative (Details)	Dec. 31, 2024
Kavacha Intermediate, LLC
Condensed Financial Statements, Captions [Line Items]
Ownership interest	100%
Kavacha Holdings, Inc. | Kavacha Intermediate, LLC
Condensed Financial Statements, Captions [Line Items]
Ownership interest	100%
Integral Ad Science, Inc. | Kavacha Holdings, Inc.
Condensed Financial Statements, Captions [Line Items]
Ownership interest	100%