SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | NOTE 2 — SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All transactions and balances among the Company and its subsidiaries have been eliminated upon consolidation. Foreign Currency Translation The accompanying consolidated financial statements are presented in United States dollars (“$”), which is the reporting currency of the Company. The functional currency of the Company is the United States dollar. The functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries located in Senegal and Niger is the West African Franc (“CFA”). For the entities whose functional currencies are the CFA, results of operations and cash flows are translated at average exchange rates during the period (1 CFA=$0.001652 for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 1 CFA=$0.001614 for the year ended December 31, 2022), assets and liabilities are translated at the current exchange rate at the end of the period (1 CFA=$0.001683 at December 31, 2023, and 1 CFA=$0.001628 at December 31, 2022), and equity is translated at blended historical exchange rates. The resulting translation adjustments are included in determining other comprehensive income. Transaction gains and losses are reflected in the consolidated statements of operations. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities on the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The Company bases its estimates and judgments on historical experience and on various other assumptions and information that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Estimates and assumptions of future events and their effects cannot be perceived with certainty and, accordingly, these estimates may change as new events occur, as more experience is acquired, as additional information is obtained and as our operating environment changes. Significant estimates and assumptions by management include, among others, useful lives and impairment of long-lived assets, contingent liabilities, imputed interest expense and income taxes including the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets. While the Company believes that the estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of the financial statements are appropriate, actual results could differ from those estimates. Estimates and assumptions are periodically reviewed and the effects of revisions are reflected in the consolidated financial statements in the period they are determined to be necessary. Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, cash in bank accounts, cash in time deposits, certificates of deposit and all highly liquid instruments with original maturities of three months or less. As of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 cash balances were held at JP Morgan Chase and Fidelity Brokerage Service, LLC and in various banks in Senegal and Niger. There were no cash equivalents at December 31, 2023 or December 31, 2022. Property, plant, and equipment Property, plant, and equipment consist of farming and farming support equipment, and office equipment. All property, plant and equipment are stated at historical cost net of accumulated depreciation. Repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred. Property, plant and equipment are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the following periods: Buildings 40 years Irrigation equipment 20 years Industrial equipment 6-10 years Office furniture and equipment 5 years Motor vehicle and transportation equipment 10 years Other equipment 3 years Leases The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. To the extent an arrangement represents a lease, the Company classifies that lease as an operating lease or a finance lease under Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) and its related ASUs (“ASC 842”). The Company capitalizes operating leases on its Consolidated Balance Sheets through a Right-of-Use (“ROU”) asset and a corresponding lease liability. ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term, and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the operating lease. Operating lease ROU assets and obligations are recognized at the commencement date of an arrangement based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term utilizing an interest rate that the Company would have incurred to borrow over a similar term the funds necessary to purchase the leased asset. Operating leases are included in “Operating lease right-of-use assets, net,” “Current portion of operating lease liabilities,” and “Non-current operating lease liabilities” in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022. Lease expense for operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. For additional information regarding the Company’s leases, see Note 6 — Leases. Inventory Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is calculated on the basis of the first-in, first-out method; market is based upon estimated replacement costs. Costs included in inventory primarily include the following: cost of seeds, farming inputs such as fertilizer, gypsum, water and fuel as well as inbound freight cost. Each pivot is cleared, treated with fertilizer and various phytosanitary products and seeded ahead of the life cycle of alfalfa, which we currently estimate to be approximately three years. These initial costs are amortized using a straight-line method over that life cycle. The portion of these costs expected to amortize after twelve months is included in long-term inventory. Intangible Asset The intangible asset consists of a land use right of 20,000 hectares provided by way of a Senegal Presidential decree. The value of the intangible was established based on its estimated fair value at the time of the asset purchase of LFT by Agro Industries in 2018. Amortization of the intangible asset is calculated on a straight-line basis over the remaining term of the decree, which at the time of the purchase had 44 38 Impairment of Long-Lived Assets The Company’s long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of an asset to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of the asset to the future undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If such asset is considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its fair value. Impairment evaluations involve management’s estimates on asset useful lives and future cash flows. Actual useful lives and cash flows could be different from those estimated by management which could have a material effect on our reporting results and financial position. Fair value is determined through various valuation techniques including discounted cash flow models, quoted market values and third-party independent appraisals, as considered necessary. There was no impairment charge for the years ended December 31, 2023 or 2022. Fair Value of Financial Instruments The Company adopted ASC 820 “Fair Value Measurements,” which defines fair value, establishes a three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosures of fair value measurement and enhances disclosure requirements for fair value measures. The three levels are defined as follows: Level 1 — inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets. Level 2 — inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the assets or liabilities, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instruments. Level 3 — inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value. Financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, receivables, accounts payable and accrued expenses, advances from prospective customers/distributors, amounts due to related parties, notes payable and contingent liabilities. The carrying values of these financial instruments approximate their fair values due to the short-term maturities of these instruments. For the periods presented, there were no financial assets or liabilities measured at fair value. Income Taxes The Company follows the liability method in accounting for income taxes in accordance with ASC topic 740 (“ASC 740”), Income Taxes. The Company applies the provisions of ASC 740 to account for uncertainty in income taxes. ASC 740 clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes by prescribing the recognition threshold a tax position is required to meet before being recognized in the consolidated financial statements. The Company will classify interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits, if and when required, as part of income tax expense in the consolidated statements of operations. Derivative Financial Instruments The Company does not use derivative instruments to hedge exposures to cash flow, market, or foreign currency risks. The Company evaluates all of its financial instruments, to determine if such instruments are derivatives or contain features that qualify as embedded derivatives, pursuant to ASC 480 and FASB ASC Topic 815, “Derivatives and Hedging” (“ASC 815”). The classification of derivative instruments, including whether such instruments should be recorded as liabilities or as equity, is re-assessed at the end of each reporting period. The Company assumed 6,884,908 warrants, in conjunction with the consummation of the Business Combination in addition to 26,201 warrants issued in connection with Promissory Notes by AAGR in February 2023 The Forward Purchase Agreement, or CSED (defined in Note 1) includes an embedded feature that meets the definition of a derivative in accordance with ASC 815. The FPA contract was determined to be more akin to equity rather than debt and as such the FPA and the associated imbedded derivative was treated as equity. Lastly, we determined that the embedded feature will not require bifurcation as it is clearly and closely related to the equity host As the embedded feature was not bifurcated from the instrument at issuance, it will continue to be reassessed at each reporting date to determine that continued non-bifurcation is appropriate. Based on the performance of the stock and the terms of the CSED, it is not expected, and highly improbable, that Company will receive any additional payments or other compensation in the future from the CSED Revenue Recognition The Company’s revenue is derived from the sale of agricultural products. The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with ASC 606. To achieve that core principle, the Company applies the following steps: 1. Identify the contract(s) with a customer; 2. Identify the performance obligations in the contract; 3. Determine the transaction price; 4. Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; 5. Recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. The Company recognizes its revenue at a point in time when it satisfies a performance obligation and transfers control of the product, primarily bales of alfalfa, to the respective customer. For domestic product sales, the Company meets its performance obligation upon the shipment of the products from its facilities to its customer. For international product sales, the Company meets its performance obligation upon delivery of the products to the customer’s international carrier. The Company does not provide any services to its customers currently. The amount of revenue recognized is based on the fixed transaction price. Contracts for the Company’s products are negotiated on a per-contract basis at a local or regional level. Contracts vary in volume and sometimes price but typically have a single performance obligation, the delivery of bales of alfalfa. The Company’s payment terms vary by the type and location of its customers. The Company receives cash equal to the invoice amount for its product sales, and if credit is provided, payment terms typically range from 30 to 90 days from the date the Company invoices a customer. Since the period between the delivery of the Company’s products and the Company’s receipt of customer payment for these products and services is not expected to exceed one year, the Company has elected not to calculate or disclose a financing component for its customer contracts. The Company did not have any contract assets as of December 31, 2021. The Company’s contract assets at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 consisted of accounts receivable, which totaled $10,796, and $87,755, respectively. The Company has not established an allowance for credit losses for the year ended December 31, 2023 or 2022. In determining an allowance, we would estimate loss rates based upon historical loss experienced and adjusted for factors that are relevant to determining the expected collectability of accounts receivable. Some of these factors include historical loss experience, delinquency trends, aging behavior of receivables, credit and liquidity quality indicators of customers classes, local behavior, the current and expected future economic and market conditions and balances owed when customers are also suppliers of cost inputs. Share-based compensation The Company measures compensation expense for all stock-based awards in accordance with ASC Topic 718, Compensation — Stock Compensation Comprehensive Loss Comprehensive loss is defined as the decrease in equity of the Company during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances excluding transactions resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners. Comprehensive loss is reported in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss, including net loss and foreign currency translation adjustments, presented net of tax. Net Loss per Share Basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is derived by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is computed by dividing the diluted net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period, including potential dilutive common shares assuming the dilutive effect of common stock equivalent, if any. As the Business Combination has been accounted for as a reverse recapitalization, the consolidated financial statements of the merged entity reflect the continuation of AFRAG’s. financial statements; The Company’s equity has been retroactively adjusted to the earliest period presented. As a result, net loss per share was also retrospectively adjusted for periods ended prior to the Merger. See Note 3 for details of this Business Combination recapitalization. Accounting Changes Leases — ASC 842 On January 1, 2022, and effective January 1, 2022, the Company adopted ASU 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)” using the modified retrospective transition method allowing it to apply the new standard at the adoption date and to recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings on the date of adoption. Under this transition method, the prior comparative period continues to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for that period. The Company elected to use the package of practical expedients permitted which allows (i) an entity not to reassess whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases; (ii) an entity need not reassess the lease classification for any expired or existing leases; and (iii) an entity need not reassess any initial direct costs for any existing leases. The Company made an accounting policy election to adopt the short-term lease exception which allows the Company to not recognize on the balance sheet those leases with terms of 12 months or less resulting in short-term lease payments being recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of income on a straight-line basis over the lease term. All of the Company’s leases were previously classified as operating and are similarly classified as operating lease under the new standard. Adoption of the new standard resulted in recognition of right-of-use assets and related lease liabilities of $2,336,336 as of January 1, 2022. There was no cumulative effect on retained earnings upon adoption. Revenue from Contracts with Customers — ASC 606 The Company adopted ASC 606 — Revenue from Contracts with Customers, Upon adoption of ASC 606, the Company recognizes revenue when the product is received by the customer for domestic transactions or by the customer’s international carrier for its international transactions. The Company believes this better reflects the point at which the customer has control of the product as required by ASC 606. The adoption of ASC 606 did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Concentrations of Business Risk Revenue from significant customer, which is defined as 10% or more of total revenue, was as follows: Customer A 29 % Customer B 11 % Related Parties and Transactions The Company identifies related parties, and accounts for, discloses related party transactions in accordance with ASC 850, “Related Party Disclosures” and other relevant ASC standards. Parties, which can be an entity or individual, are considered to be related if they have the ability, directly or indirectly, to control the Company or exercise significant influence over the Company in making financial and operational decisions. Entities are also considered to be related if they are subject to common control or common significant influence. Transactions involving related parties cannot be presumed to be carried out on an arm’s-length basis, as the requisite conditions of competitive, free market dealings may not exist. Representations about transactions with related parties, if made, shall not imply that the related party transactions were consummated on terms equivalent to those that prevail in arm’s-length transactions unless such representations can be substantiated. |