UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D. C. 20549
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FORM 10-K
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(Mark One)
| ☒ | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | ||||
For the fiscal year ended January 28, 2023
OR
| ☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | ||||
For the transition period from to
Commission file number 001-40515
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VICTORIA'S SECRET & CO.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
________________________________________________________________________________
| Delaware | 86-3167653 | ||||||||||
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | ||||||||||
| 4 Limited Parkway East, | |||||||||||
| Reynoldsburg, | Ohio | 43068 | |||||||||
| (Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code) | ||||||||||
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code (614) 577-7000
______________________________________________________
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered | ||||||
| Common Stock, $0.01 Par Value | VSCO | The New York Stock Exchange | ||||||
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None.
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer ☒ Accelerated filer ☐ Non-accelerated filer ☐ Smaller reporting company ☐ Emerging growth company ☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒
If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
The aggregate market value of the registrant’s common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter was $3,013,232,812.
Number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s common stock as of March 10, 2023: 77,746,058.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the Registrant’s Proxy Statement for the Registrant’s 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference into Part III.
Table of Contents
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| Part I | ||||||||
| Item 1. | ||||||||
| Item 1A. | ||||||||
| Item 1B. | ||||||||
| Item 2. | ||||||||
| Item 3. | ||||||||
| Item 4. | ||||||||
| Part II | ||||||||
| Item 5. | ||||||||
| Item 6. | ||||||||
| Item 7. | ||||||||
| Item 7A. | ||||||||
| Item 8. | ||||||||
| Item 9. | ||||||||
| Item 9A. | ||||||||
| Item 9B. | ||||||||
| Item 9C. | ||||||||
| Part III | ||||||||
| Item 10. | ||||||||
| Item 11. | ||||||||
| Item 12. | ||||||||
| Item 13. | ||||||||
| Item 14. | ||||||||
| Part IV | ||||||||
| Item 15. | ||||||||
| Item 16. | ||||||||
PART I
ITEM 1. BUSINESS.
General
Victoria's Secret & Co. (together with its subsidiaries unless the context otherwise requires, “we”, “us”, “our” or the “Company”) is a specialty retailer of women's intimate and other apparel and beauty products marketed under the Victoria's Secret, PINK and Adore Me brand names. We have more than 910 stores in the United States (“U.S.”), Canada and China, as well as our own websites, www.VictoriasSecret.com, www.PINK.com and www.AdoreMe.com and other online channels worldwide. Additionally, we have approximately 450 stores in approximately 70 countries operating under franchise, license and wholesale arrangements. The Company also includes the merchandise sourcing and production function serving us and our international partners. We operate as a single segment designed to seamlessly serve customers worldwide through stores and online channels.
On November 1, 2022, we announced that we had signed a definitive agreement (the “Merger Agreement”) to acquire 100% of AdoreMe, Inc. (“Adore Me”), a digitally-native intimates brand. On December 30, 2022, the acquisition was completed pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Merger Agreement. For additional information, see Note 2 to the Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements included in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
Our Brands
Our business operates two category-defining intimates and beauty brands, Victoria's Secret and PINK, that share a common purpose of inspiring and uplifting our customers in every stage of their lives, and Adore Me, a technology-led, digital-first innovative intimates brand serving women of all sizes and budgets at all phases of life. We offer a range of products across intimate apparel, sleepwear, loungewear, swimwear and beauty.
Victoria’s Secret
Victoria’s Secret is a leading lingerie brand, with an established history of over 45 years. The Victoria’s Secret brand celebrates female confidence and inspires women with beautiful products and experiences. Victoria’s Secret offers bras, panties, lingerie, sleepwear, loungewear, sport and swim products across its global retail locations and its online e-commerce channel. Bras and panties represent the two largest categories for Victoria’s Secret. We believe our assortment is differentiated by our focus on fit, comfort and quality.
PINK
PINK is a lifestyle brand that is focused on celebrating and supporting diversity, equity, inclusion, self-confidence and individuality. The brand focuses on a collegiate-oriented customer. Our products are designed to make customers feel good both inside and out, and include bras, panties, active wear, loungewear, accessories and swimwear, with bras and apparel representing the two largest categories. PINK is sold across North America and internationally at Victoria’s Secret and PINK retail stores and online.
Victoria’s Secret Beauty
Victoria’s Secret Beauty expands our offering and enhances our emotional connection to our customers. To complement the core Victoria’s Secret offering, the Company launched its first fragrance line in 1991. Today, the Victoria’s Secret Beauty business has grown to be one of the leading fragrance brands in America. Beauty products include fine fragrance, mists, PINK Beauty products and accessories. Products are sold at Victoria’s Secret specialty retail stores and online.
Adore Me
Adore Me is a direct-to-consumer lingerie and apparel brand that is focused on serving women of all sizes and budgets at all phases of life. Founded in 2011 as an online lingerie startup, Adore Me is transforming the way customers shop with a pioneering home try-on commerce service, a series of innovation-driven products and a mission of making sustainable shopping accessible to all. Adore Me is sold online and in Adore Me's six retail stores.
Victoria's Secret & Co. Spin-Off
On July 9, 2021, L Brands, Inc. (“L Brands” or the “Former Parent”) announced that its Board of Directors approved the previously announced separation of the Victoria's Secret business, including PINK, into an independent, publicly traded company (the “Separation”). Prior to the Separation, L Brands operated the Bath & Body Works, Victoria’s Secret and PINK retail brands.
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On August 2, 2021 (the “Distribution Date”), after the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) market closing, the Separation of the Victoria's Secret business was completed. On August 3, 2021, Victoria's Secret & Co. became an independent, publicly-traded company trading on the NYSE under the stock symbol “VSCO.”
The Separation was achieved through the Former Parent’s distribution (the “Distribution”) of 100% of the shares of our common stock to holders of the Former Parent's common stock as of the close of business on the record date of July 22, 2021. The Former Parent's stockholders of record received one share of our common stock for every three shares of the Former Parent's common stock. In connection with the Separation, we made a cash payment of approximately $976 million to the Former Parent on August 2, 2021 from the issuances of certain debt (discussed in Note 13 to the Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements included in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data). The Former Parent retained no ownership interest in us following the Separation.
We entered into several agreements with the Former Parent that, among other things, effect the Separation and govern the relationship of the parties following the Separation, including a Separation and Distribution Agreement, a Tax Matters Agreement, an L Brands to VS Transition Services Agreement, a VS to L Brands Transition Services Agreement, an Employee Matters Agreement and a Domestic Transportation Services Agreement. For additional information, see Note 3 to the Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements included in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
Joint Venture Partnerships
Victoria's Secret China
In April 2022, we announced the completion of the joint venture agreement with Regina Miracle International (Holdings) Limited (“Regina Miracle”), a company listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, related to our existing Company-owned business in China. We formed a joint venture with Regina Miracle to operate Victoria's Secret stores and the related online business in China. Under the terms of the agreement, we own 51% of the joint venture and Regina Miracle owns the remaining 49%. Since we have retained control over the joint venture, the joint venture's assets, liabilities and results of operations continue to be consolidated in our consolidated financial statements. For additional information, see Note 6 to the Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements included in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
Victoria's Secret U.K.
Due to challenging business results for our business in the United Kingdom (“U.K.”), we entered into administration in June 2020 to restructure store lease agreements and reduce operating losses in the U.K. business. In October 2020, we entered into a joint venture with Next PLC (“Next”) for the business in the U.K. and Ireland. Under this agreement, we own 49% of the joint venture, and Next owns 51% and is responsible for operations. We account for our investment in the joint venture under the equity method of accounting. For additional information, see Note 6 to the Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements included in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
Impacts of Macroeconomic Environment
Our operations and financial performance have been adversely impacted by deterioration in economic conditions in the United States and globally, which were caused in part by the coronavirus pandemic (“COVID-19”). The current macroeconomic environment is characterized by record-high inflation, supply chain challenges, labor shortages, high interest rates, volatility in global capital markets and growing recession risk. Such macroeconomic conditions have and could continue to adversely affect our business, for example, by reducing consumer demand for our products and leading to decreased sales.
Fiscal Year
Our fiscal year ends on the Saturday nearest to January 31. As used herein, “2022,” “2021” and “2020” refer to the 52-week periods ended January 28, 2023, January 29, 2022 and January 30, 2021, respectively.
Historically, Adore Me's fiscal year ended on December 31. As a result of our acquisition of Adore Me on December 30, 2022, Adore Me's financial information is included in our consolidated financial statements. Due to the timing and availability of financial information of Adore Me, we consolidate Adore Me's financial information on an approximate one-month reporting lag.
Real Estate
Company-operated, China Joint Venture and Adore Me Retail Stores
Our company-operated Victoria's Secret and PINK, China joint venture and Adore Me retail stores are located in shopping malls, lifestyle centers and off-mall locations in the U.S., Canada and China. As a result of our strong brands and established retail presence, we have been able to lease high-traffic locations in most retail centers in which we operate.
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The following table provides the number of our company-operated Victoria's Secret and PINK, China joint venture and Adore Me retail stores in operation as of January 28, 2023 and January 29, 2022:
| January 28, 2023 | January 29, 2022 | ||||||||||
| Company-Operated: | |||||||||||
| U.S. | 812 | 808 | |||||||||
| Canada | 25 | 26 | |||||||||
| Subtotal Company-Operated | 837 | 834 | |||||||||
| China Joint Venture: | |||||||||||
| Beauty & Accessories (a) | 39 | 35 | |||||||||
| Full Assortment | 33 | 30 | |||||||||
| Subtotal China Joint Venture | 72 | 65 | |||||||||
| Adore Me | 6 | — | |||||||||
| Total | 915 | 899 | |||||||||
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(a) Includes thirteen partner-operated stores at January 28, 2023.
The following table provides the changes in the number of our company-operated Victoria's Secret and PINK, China joint venture and Adore Me retail stores operated for the past three fiscal years:
| Beginning of Year | Opened | Closed | Acquired (a) | Reclassed to Joint Venture (b) | End of Year | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 (c) | 899 | 26 | (24) | 6 | 8 | 915 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 933 | 7 | (41) | — | — | 899 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 1,181 | 26 | (248) | — | (26) | 933 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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(a) Relates to acquisition of Adore Me. For additional information, see Note 2 to the Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements included in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
(b) In 2022, this relates to the China joint venture with Regina Miracle. In 2021, this relates to the U.K. joint venture with Next. For additional information, see Note 6 to the Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements included in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
(c) Includes thirteen partner-operated China joint venture stores at January 28, 2023.
Franchise, License and Wholesale Arrangements
In addition to our Company-operated stores, our products are sold at hundreds of partner locations and on partner websites in approximately 70 countries. We are focused on ensuring our partners have the commitment and capability to provide a quality customer experience and to grow our brands internationally.
Under the terms of our franchise, license and wholesale arrangements, we provide our partners the rights to sell our products in various geographic regions along with operational policies and standards governing such matters as the supply and sale of our products, in stores and online, marketing and store training. Our partners are generally responsible for providing the capital necessary to lease retail space, build-out stores and/or develop websites, fund the operations of the business, and over the longer-term, reinvest in the business. Our partners are also responsible for the day-to-day operations of the business, and must do so in accordance with our policies and standards which are focused on ensuring a consistent customer experience around the world. Such arrangements can typically be terminated, upon delivery of notice, in the event of any breach of representations or warranties.
Our franchise and license arrangements with our partners typically have an initial term of five to ten years, with an option to renew, subject to customary conditions. Revenue recognized under franchise and license arrangements generally consists of royalties earned and recognized upon sale of merchandise by franchise and license partners to retail customers, typically based on a percentage of sales. Royalty rates, which generally range from low double digits to mid-teens, vary based on store format, local business conditions and various other factors.
Our wholesale arrangements with our partners typically have an initial term of five years, with an option to renew, subject to customary conditions. Wholesale prices, which vary by product category, are generally based on a discount to the suggested retail price. Revenue is generally recognized under wholesale arrangements at the time the title passes to the partner.
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The following table provides the number of our international stores operated by our partners by store type as of January 28, 2023 and January 29, 2022:
| January 28, 2023 | January 29, 2022 | ||||||||||
| Beauty and Accessories (a) | 308 | 335 | |||||||||
| Full Assortment | 135 | 128 | |||||||||
| Total | 443 | 463 | |||||||||
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(a) Does not include the thirteen partner-operated China joint venture stores at January 28, 2023.
Our Competitive Strengths
We believe the following competitive strengths contribute to our leading market position, differentiate us from our competitors and will drive future growth:
Two Category-Defining Brands with Global Brand Awareness and Resonance
Our Victoria's Secret and PINK brands have a strong global presence and awareness among consumers, which we believe provides us with a competitive advantage. We also have Adore Me, a technology-led, digital first innovative intimates brand which we believe is transforming the way customers shop with a pioneering home try-on commerce service and a series of innovation-driven products. While our history runs deep as a dominant player in intimates, our brands also provide compelling offerings in fragrance, beauty, apparel, loungewear, sleepwear, athletic attire and swimwear. We believe our actions to evolve our positioning and promote inclusivity and diversity will allow us to attract new customers while also deepening our connection with existing ones. Through social, cultural and business relationships, The VS Collective, a diverse group of women ambassadors, works to create new associate programs, revolutionary product collections, compelling and inspiring content, and rally support for causes vital to women. The Victoria’s Secret Global Fund for Women’s Cancers funds innovative research projects aimed at progressing treatments and cures for women’s cancers and investing in the next generation of women scientists who represent the diverse population they serve. We are focused on fueling our customer’s desire to be herself by empowering her with products that not only offer her comfort and style, but also allow her to celebrate and express her true self.
Global Scale at Retail
We believe we have significant scale and strength in reaching our consumer base. We interact with our customers through three powerful distribution channels:
•Digital. Our digital business allows for an interconnected customer experience across our brands and platforms. We seek to deliver a differentiated digital experience through seamless and personalized touchpoints. Importantly, we are focused on developing our social media platforms and websites, applications with personalized digital marketing campaigns, advanced omni-channel offerings and improved store and website inventory connectivity.
•North American Stores. Our retail footprint in North America spans the U.S. and Canada with 843 stores, representing a combined 5.9 million square feet of selling space as of the end of 2022. Our North American stores channel creates an immersive environment for customers to experience our brands and try new products. Our sales associates and store managers are central in creating an engaging and compelling store experience by providing a high level of customer service.
•International. We have a significant international footprint with 515 international stores and 45 international digital sites as of the end of 2022. We believe we have meaningful opportunity to grow through new beauty and accessories and full assortment stores, new digital sites and new geographies. Our beauty and accessories stores represent smaller footprint stores including stores in airports and other travel retail locations, which enable significant global exposure. Our international stores span the Americas, Europe, Asia, Africa and the Middle East, in addition to the strong digital component of our international business.
Agile and Highly Responsive Supply Chain and Sourcing Capabilities
Our sourcing and production function has a long and deep presence in key sourcing markets including those in the U.S. and Asia. Our intimates and apparel categories are supported by an internationally outsourced platform, primarily in Asia, which has consistently provided rapid speed to market, high quality and innovative products and an efficient cost base. Meanwhile, our beauty platform is largely centered in Ohio, where a number of our suppliers are located, boasting innovation and agile manufacturing. We have thoughtfully designed our supply chain around three key principles: speed-to-market, quality and cost efficiency.
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When possible we leverage the speed that we have in our supply chain, our close partnerships with suppliers and the capabilities of our sourcing, production and logistics teams to actively manage our inventory and adjust for channel shifts across our business. We focus on speed to market and believe our lead times are amongst the shortest in the industry, allowing us to read and react to customer preferences. The agility within our supply chain provides us with flexibility to quickly re-order strong sellers as we seek to maximize our sales and merchandise margin rate opportunities.
Our strong relationships with our suppliers have allowed us to manufacture our products with cost efficiency without sacrificing quality. Our global supply base and flexibility are key competitive advantages and allow us to provide a broad product range, innovation and assortment to our customers.
We remain focused on maximizing our strong relationships with our supplier partners and our sourcing and logistics capabilities to help mitigate any supply chain challenges and cost pressures on our business.
Highly-Talented Management Team with Deep Industry Experience
Our senior management team has a wealth of retail and business experience and a deep knowledge of our business. The management team is supported by well qualified leaders and is highly collaborative across our brands and our channels.
Distribution Channels
Our distribution channels include digital, North American stores and international stores. We utilize these channels to reach our consumers in the physical and digital locations they frequent within their geographies.
Digital
The digital channel accounted for $1.843 billion, or 29%, of our revenues in 2022. The channel includes sales that are derived from our websites and mobile applications.
Our digital presence, including social media, our websites and our mobile applications, allows us to get to know our customers better and communicate with them anytime and anywhere. Our digital customers engage in more transactions relative to non-digital customers. Within digital, we have taken a mobile-first approach to help drive sales.
We have taken steps to modernize the digital platform, including the use of artificial intelligence-driven chatbots and geo-targeted digital marketing. Our digital platform is designed to further support our physical presence and contribute to the growth of omni-channel sales.
North American Stores
The North American stores channel represents the stores in our North American physical retail locations and accounted for $3.909 billion, or 62%, of our revenues in 2022. We operate 843 physical locations as of the end of 2022, including a range of full assortment stores, Victoria’s Secret Lingerie stores, free-standing PINK stores and free-standing Adore Me stores.
We are investing in our physical stores by refreshing existing stores and utilizing a store of the future concept that includes smaller, more flexible space in off-mall locations with a unique dual-brand layout to meet the needs of our customer and accommodate shifting consumer preferences for omni-channel shopping. We continue to right-size our stores to optimize our physical retail footprint and enable omni-channel sales. Additionally, we are investing in our people through field talent and leadership development to optimize the customer experience.
International
The international channel represents our stores and websites in China as well as royalty and wholesale sales related to the stores and websites operated by our franchise, license, wholesale and joint venture partners. International net sales accounted for $592 million, or 9%, of our revenues in 2022. As of the end of 2022, we have 72 joint venture-operated stores in China as well as 443 partner-operated stores around the world, including locations across the Americas, Europe, Asia, Africa and the Middle East.
Revenue recognized under franchise and license arrangements generally consists of royalties earned and recognized upon sale of merchandise by franchise and license partners to retail customers. Revenue is generally recognized under wholesale and sourcing arrangements at the time the title passes to the partner. We continue to increase the number of locations under these types of arrangements as part of our international expansion.
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Additional Information
Merchandise Vendors
During 2022, we purchased merchandise from approximately 210 vendors located throughout the world, the largest of which accounted for approximately 14% of our purchases. We believe there are numerous alternative suppliers for our merchandise and that the loss of any one vendor would not have a material adverse effect on our business.
Design, Product Development and Sourcing
Our product design and innovation is an important component of our strategy. We achieve success through frequent and fashionable product launches across product categories with a focus on fit, fabric, finish, and superior quality. Our merchant, design and sourcing teams have a long history of designing innovative products to meet our customers’ needs. We believe our focus on product development differentiates our offering through superior fit, broad ranges of sizes, and comfortable and appealing silhouettes. Additionally, we believe that our sourcing and production functions, which have a long and deep presence in key sourcing markets including those in the U.S. and Asia, allow us to partner with premier manufacturers to manufacture high-quality products quickly.
Our product development team works with four key design periods for the year: Spring, Summer, Fall and Holiday, that represent our selling seasons. Certain product lines offer more frequent introductions of new merchandise, and the primary selling seasons, Fall and Holiday, often will see greater quantities of introductions for new merchandise. We strive to tailor our buying strategies to align with customer demand and trends across our core categories with agile and fast lead times.
Our global supply chain organization is responsible for the operational planning, manufacturing, sourcing, and distribution of products to our customers. We believe we have developed a high degree of expertise in managing the complexities associated with a global supply chain.
Distribution and Merchandise
A substantial portion of our merchandise is shipped to our distribution centers in the Columbus, Ohio area. Additionally, we use third-party operated distribution centers located throughout North America to distribute our merchandise. We use a variety of shipping terms that result in the transfer of title of the merchandise at either the point of origin or point of destination.
Our policy is to maintain sufficient quantities of inventories on hand in our retail stores and distribution centers to enable us to offer customers an appropriate selection of current merchandise. We emphasize rapid turnover and take markdowns as required to keep merchandise fresh and current.
We remain focused on maximizing our strong relationships with our supplier partners and our sourcing and logistics capabilities to help mitigate any supply chain challenges and cost pressures on our business.
Advertising and Customer Support
Our brand marketing and advertising efforts are focused on highlighting our products’ fashion, innovative design and quality while also accentuating our brands’ positioning in the broader market and changing landscape. We have shifted the focus of our global message across platforms towards promoting inclusivity and highlighting our products through an empowering, relatable, fresh brand voice to align with our customers’ values. Our marketing strategies are designed to drive brand awareness and create continued loyalty between our customers and our brands. We also find it important to cater messaging towards different geographic and cultural preferences and customs in order to better connect with our customers. We are committed to evolving our brand projection to serve our consumer and are developing a number of initiatives to continue that evolution through traditional media, entertainment platforms, and community-driven forums. We pursue our marketing strategy across a variety of platforms to reach our omni-channel customers, both in-store and online. We use traditional media outlets such as print, as well as digital media channels including social media, paid search and influencers. We have a dedicated team focused on marketing analytics to help ensure our advertising and promotional investments are providing effective returns.
Our e-commerce channel and store locations also provide customers with an enhanced understanding of our brands through uniform messaging and brand essence across platforms. Each brand has a marketing team focused on ensuring the customer is appropriately reached and engaged. Our in-store sales force is also highly knowledgeable and we have regular in-store training to promote positive customer interactions through helpful and informed store associates.
Information Systems
Our management information systems consist of a full range of retail, financial and merchandising systems. The systems include applications related to point-of-sale, e-commerce, merchandising, planning, sourcing, logistics, inventory management, data security and support systems including human resources and finance.
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Seasonal Business
Our operations are seasonal in nature and consist of two principal selling seasons: Spring (the first and second quarters) and Fall (the third and fourth quarters). The fourth quarter, including the holiday season, typically accounts for approximately one-third of our net sales and is normally our most profitable quarter. Accordingly, cash requirements are routinely highest in the third quarter as our inventories build in advance of the holiday season.
Working Capital
We fund our business operations through a combination of available cash and cash equivalents and cash flows generated from operations. In addition, our credit facilities are available for additional working capital needs and investment opportunities.
Regulations
We and our products are subject to regulation by various federal, state, local and foreign regulatory authorities. We are subject to a variety of tax and customs regulations and international trade arrangements. While there are no current regulatory matters that we expect to be material to our results of operations, financial position, or cash flows, there can be no assurances that existing or future laws, regulations and standards applicable to our operations or products will not lead to a material adverse impact on our results of operations, financial position or cash flows.
Intellectual Property
Our trademarks and patents, which constitute our primary intellectual property, have been registered or are the subject of pending applications in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office and with the registries of many foreign countries where our products are manufactured and/or sold. We believe our products are identified by our trademarks and, thus, our trademarks are of significant value. Accordingly, we intend to maintain our trademarks and related registrations and vigorously protect our intellectual property assets against infringement, misappropriation or other violations. Although the laws vary by jurisdiction, in general, trademarks remain valid and enforceable as long as the marks are used in connection with the related products and services and the required registration renewals are filed.
We also place high importance on product innovation and design, and a number of these innovations and designs are the subject of issued patents and pending patent applications.
Due to the worldwide consumer recognition of our products, we face an increased risk of counterfeiting by third parties. We vigorously monitor and enforce our intellectual property and proprietary rights against counterfeiting, infringement, misappropriation and other violations by third parties where and to the extent legal, feasible and appropriate. However, the actions we take to protect our intellectual property rights may not be adequate to prevent third parties from copying our products or infringing, misappropriating or otherwise violating our trademarks or other intellectual property rights, and the laws of foreign countries may not protect intellectual property rights to the same extent as do the laws of the U.S.
Other Information
For additional information about our business, including our net sales and profits for the last three years and selling square footage, see Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
Competition
The sale of women’s intimates, apparel, and personal and beauty care products is a highly competitive business. We believe we compete effectively in our core categories by leveraging our brand equity, unique scale and our high-quality innovative products. Our primary competitors include individual and chain specialty stores, department stores, mass merchandisers, online retailers and discount retailers. Additionally, we see a large and growing offering from private label intimates apparel created for retailers in addition to emerging brands. Brand image, presentation, marketing, design, price, service, fulfillment, assortment, fit and quality are the principal competitive factors.
Human Capital Management
We believe the way we view human capital management is a strength, and we are committed to continuing to build a responsible and inclusive business based on uncompromising transparency, fairness, diversity, and integrity, consistent with our Company values.
Diversity, Equity and Inclusion
Diversity, equity and inclusion (“DEI”) are key components of our culture and fundamental in achieving our strategic priorities and goals. At Victoria's Secret & Co., our DEI vision is to celebrate, honor and reflect the diversity of our customers, our associates and the communities we engage.
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Our mission is to inspire and empower all by reflecting experiences, expanding access, and recognizing diversity. We pledge to welcome and celebrate every associate, partner and customer from all backgrounds, all abilities and all life stages.
As we strive to create a better future for our organization and our world, we are committed to consciously and continuously learning and growing from our past and present. For us, it is not just about selling products it is about using our scale and platform to champion every voice and drive forward inclusion and equity for every individual.
Our DEI Strategic Framework
We believe that integrating DEI into everything we do is not just the right thing to do but is critical to driving performance and doing well for our associates, customers and communities. We are committed to bringing this to life through strategic actions with measurable goals, focusing on three key pillars: People, Experience and Purpose.
| People | More than stores, more than products, Victoria’s Secret & Co. is a community of people with different backgrounds, qualities, abilities, and talents. Embracing and fostering that diversity is what makes us strong. Our DEI People work is focused on: •Retaining more diverse associates •Increasing diversity within our workforce •Enabling the growth and advancement of all our talent | ||||
| Experience | When our people are at their best, our company is at its best. We are committed to creating a workplace where everyone can bring their whole selves to work and thrive. Our DEI Experience work is focused on: •Increasing associate engagement on our DEI journey •Driving inclusive leadership across our organization •Fostering a happy and healthy culture | ||||
| Purpose | We do not just sell products, we inspire and uplift. We are passionate about creating products that meet our customers’ diverse needs and telling stories that reflect their journeys while empowering the communities where we live and work. Our DEI Purpose work is focused on: •Reaching and serving more diverse customers •Investing in more women-, black, indigenous, and people of color-, LGBTQIA+-, Veteran- and People With Disabilities-owned businesses and suppliers •Using our platform and resources to empower our communities, advance racial equity and promote social justice | ||||
To strengthen our workforce and better reflect and serve our customers, it is critical that we have diverse voices at the table. We are committed to retaining more diverse associates, attracting more diverse talent and empowering the growth and advancement of all our associates.
We recognize we have opportunity to increase our diverse workforce and leadership representation, and will drive progress by:
•Being intentional about promoting and advancing women and people of color;
•Recommending diverse interview slates;
•Tapping into diverse talent pipelines from stores and distribution centers to the home office;
•Offering equitable learning and development opportunities for all, including sending women and people of color to programs dedicated to the development and advancement of diverse leaders;
•Evolving our full life cycle recruiting process to address any barriers to entry;
•Forming new partnerships and relationships with organizations that cultivate a diverse talent pipeline; and
•Holding leaders accountable for supporting the growth of diverse talent.
As of January 28, 2023, we employed approximately 31,000 associates, approximately 17,000 of whom were part-time. In addition, temporary associates are hired during peak periods, such as the holiday season. Approximately 75% of our associates work in our stores, 12% in distribution centers with the remaining balance in home office and call centers.
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Learning and Development and Inclusion Resource Groups
We are committed to investing in our associates by providing diverse learning and development opportunities, challenging work experiences and offering Inclusion Resource Groups (“IRGs”). We believe that associates can reach their career goals through multiple roles, career paths and locations around the world. We offer a variety of enrichment experiences for those joining us as interns, new graduates, in mid-career or as a capstone to a career. Examples include:
•Development Days: Dedicated time to advance technical, creative or business skills.
•Leadership Development: Courses for associates in management positions to build critical skills and grow as effective leaders.
•Onboarding: Dedicated time to learn the business and to form important relationships for mentoring and development.
•Tuition Assistance: Reimbursement of 100% of eligible tuition expenses, up to $5,250 per calendar year.
Our IRGs create an opportunity for associates to connect with one another around their shared passion for the important role DEI plays in our organization and for creating an inclusive and equitable workplace for all associates. Our IRGs provide professional development for associates and opportunities to volunteer in our communities, as well as support the needs of the business and help shape the culture of our company. Membership is open to all eligible associates for the following six IRGs:
•Asian Learning, Leadership & Innovation Network (All In): Asian American and/or Pacific Islander associates and their allies and advocates;
•Conexión: Hispanic and Latinx associates and their allies and advocates;
•Evolve: LGBTQIA+ associates and their allies and advocates;
•Mosaic: Black and African American associates and their allies and advocates;
•Women Inclusion Network (WIN): Associates who identify as women and their allies and advocates; and
•ADAPT: Associates who identify as People With Disabilities (and/or their caregivers) and their allies and advocates.
Associate Engagement and Well-Being
Associate engagement and well-being are key components of our culture and fundamental in achieving our strategic priorities and goals.
Culture
We are committed to associate engagement by striving to foster a happy, healthy and inclusive culture where everyone can bring their whole selves to work. At Victoria's Secret & Co., our purpose goes beyond selling product. We strive to provide a community of smart, passionate and dedicated associates whose creativity, innovation and hard work fuel the world’s most recognized lingerie, apparel and beauty brand. We also strive to provide a community in which all associates are treated fairly and respectfully, with equal access to opportunities and resources, allowing associates to contribute fully to our success. As our world evolves, we evolve with it by embracing social change, taking action, and holding ourselves accountable for creating a happy, healthy and safe place to work.
We are focused on retaining, recruiting and advancing talent that reflects the customers we serve and the communities where we live and work. By encouraging a workplace environment where diversity, equity and inclusion are valued, we believe we can serve our customers better, as well as retain highly talented associates, suppliers and vendors of different backgrounds and experiences.
In addition, we maintain an Ethics Hotline where associates may anonymously report potential instances of unethical conduct and potential violations of law or company policies 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. We have a written Code of Conduct that is based on our values and provides a resource where associates can find information that defines behaviors that are acceptable and those that are not. We conduct an annual Code of Conduct compliance process which requires associates to certify that they have read and agree to abide by the Code of Conduct and to complete a separate training course.
Benefits
We are committed to associate well-being by providing quality benefits and offering equitable and competitive wages. We support our associates to be at their best—at work and at home.
Our benefit programs are designed to be comprehensive, cost-effective and competitive to help our associates and their families be well and stay well.
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We offer competitive compensation, company-matched savings and contributions to the retirement plan, and flexible and affordable health, wellness and lifestyle benefits to eligible associates. Eligible associates can choose benefits and access resources that fit their lifestyle, including, but not limited to, 14 weeks paid maternity leave, 6 weeks paid paternity leave, adoption assistance, tuition reimbursement, free access to life planning and health advocate services and generous merchandise discounts. We also recently extended a worldwide Employee Assistance Program for all associates and anyone in their household to support mental health well-being. In addition, we offer paid time off to eligible part-time associates.
We are committed to equal opportunity and treatment for all associates which includes equal career advancement opportunities and equitable and competitive wages. Our compensation programs are designed to link annual changes in compensation to Victoria's Secret & Co.'s overall performance. At the individual level, we strive to assess performance on both an associate's contributions as well as behaviors displayed to achieve them. The emphasis on Victoria's Secret & Co.'s overall performance is intended to align our associates’ financial interests with the interests of our stockholders. All salaried associates in the home office, distribution and call centers participate in our short-term cash incentive program. We encourage associate stock ownership with the ability to purchase Victoria's Secret & Co. shares at a discount through our associate stock purchase plan.
Ensuring Equal Pay for Equal Work
The heart of our business is our talented workforce. We offer competitive pay and benefits to our more than 30,000 associates around the world and pay all associates equitably regardless of gender, race, ethnicity or background.
We conduct an annual, rigorous and transparent review of 100% of our worldwide workforce that is verified by an independent third party to ensure that all salaries and incentive compensation targets are fair and unbiased. If we find any differences in pay between men and women globally or by race and ethnicity in the United States, we make upward adjustments. Our process reviews gender, race, ethnicity and the intersection of these identities. (Many jurisdictions outside the U.S. limit our ability to collect information on race and ethnicity and also what we can do with that information.)
Because workforces are dynamic and ever-changing, so is the work to ensure pay equity. We believe that pay equity is a journey, not a destination. Victoria's Secret & Co. engages in an ongoing analysis and is committed to continued transparency relative to our metrics on pay equity, and we plan to report to our associates and to the public on an annual basis.
Health and Safety
Health and safety of our associates, customers and vendors are key components of our culture and fundamental in achieving our strategic priorities and goals. We strive to provide safe and clean facilities, comply with all applicable workplace safety laws and have global safety policies and procedures to protect from avoidable injury.
Model Engagement and Photo Shoot Compliance
At Victoria's Secret & Co., our values define who we are and what we stand for, including treating everyone with dignity and respect. To support these values, we have established compliance processes and protocols which apply to all Victoria's Secret & Co. associates and third parties participating in photo shoots, public relations events, fit sessions and other internal meetings where models are present.
Our Global Ethics and Compliance team is responsible for the day-to-day administration and management of the model engagement and photo shoot compliance protocols. Responsibilities include, but are not limited to, executing certain compliance processes related to the Photo Shoot Procedures and Fit Session Protocol, training new and existing associates, and escalating allegations of misconduct for investigation by the appropriate teams. For photo shoots, all external crew is required to certify to the Victoria's Secret & Co. Anti-Harassment and Civility Policy and authorized compliance monitors are assigned to every photo shoot to provide oversight and ensure compliance with the Photo Shoot Procedures.
Executive Officers of Registrant
Our executive officers at the end of 2022 were as follows:
•Martin Waters, 57, has been our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) since February 2021. Mr. Waters joined L Brands in 2008 and previously served as the CEO of L Brands International from 2008 to 2021;
•Timothy Johnson, 55, has been our Chief Financial and Administrative Officer since July 2022. Mr. Johnson joined Victoria's Secret & Co. in July 2021 and previously served as Chief Financial Officer from July 2021 to July 2022. Prior to July 2021, Mr. Johnson served as the Chief Financial Officer and Chief Administrative Officer of Big Lots, Inc. from August 2015 to August 2019 and Chief Financial Officer from August 2012 to August 2015;
•Dein Boyle, 63, has been our Chief Operating Officer since 2020. Mr. Boyle joined L Brands in 2008 and previously served as Chief Operating Officer of PINK from 2016 to 2020, Chief Administrative Officer of PINK from 2015 to 2016 and Executive Vice President at PINK from 2012 to 2014;
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•Melinda McAfee, 52, has been our Chief Human Resources Officer and Chief Legal Officer since October 2022. Ms. McAfee joined Victoria’s Secret & Co. in May 2021 and previously served as Chief Legal Officer from May 2021 to October 2022. Prior to May 2021, Ms. McAfee served as Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary of Express, Inc., from December 2018 to April 2021 and Deputy General Counsel and Chief Privacy Officer of Abercrombie & Fitch Co. from November 2016 to October 2018;
•Christine Rupp, 54, has been our Chief Customer Officer since September 2022. Prior to joining Victoria's Secret & Co., Ms. Rupp served as the Chief Customer Officer of Albertsons Companies, Inc. from December 2019 to July 2022 and General Manager of Microsoft Corporation from February 2016 to November 2019;
•Greg Unis, 52, has been our Chief Growth Officer since July 2022. Mr. Unis joined L Brands in 2016 and previously served as CEO of Victoria's Secret Beauty from 2016 to July 2022. Prior to 2016, Mr. Unis served as Executive Vice President and Global Head of Men's and Licensing Merchandise for Coach from 2010 to 2016; and
•Amy Hauk, 56, has been our Brand CEO since July 2022. Ms. Hauk joined L Brands in 2008 and previously served as CEO of PINK from 2018 to July 2022 and Chief Merchant and Executive Vice President of Merchandising for Bath & Body Works from 2008 to 2018. On January 3, 2023, we announced that Amy Hauk will resign as Brand CEO, effective March 31, 2023. Following Ms. Hauk's departure, Martin Waters will continue to serve as CEO and will also assume the responsibilities of Brand CEO.
Available Information
We are subject to the reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) and its rules and regulations. The Exchange Act requires us to file reports, proxy statements and other information with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The SEC maintains a website that contains reports, proxy statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. These materials may be obtained electronically by accessing the SEC's website at www.sec.gov.
Our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to these reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act are available, free of charge, on the Investors section of our website, www.victoriassecretandco.com.
Copies of any of the above-referenced documents will also be made available, free of charge, upon written request to:
Victoria's Secret & Co.
Investor Relations Department
Four Limited Parkway East
Reynoldsburg, Ohio 43068
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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS.
SUMMARY RISK FACTORS
We are subject to a number of risks, including, risks related to our business operations, risks related to our indebtedness, risks related to owning our common stock and risks related to the Separation and related transactions. The following list of risk factors is not exhaustive. Please read “Risk Factors” carefully for a more thorough description of these and other risks.
Risks Relating to Our Business
•Adverse economic conditions have had and may continue to have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition;
•Our net sales, profit results and cash flows are sensitive to, and may be affected by, general economic conditions, consumer confidence, spending patterns, significant health hazards or pandemics, weather or other market disruptions;
•The COVID-19 global pandemic has had and may continue to have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations;
•Our net sales, operating income, cash and inventory levels fluctuate on a seasonal basis;
•If we fail to maintain effective internal controls, we may not be able to report our financial results accurately or timely or prevent or detect fraud, which could have a material adverse effect on our business or the market price of our securities;
•Turnover in company leadership or other key positions may have an adverse impact on our performance;
•We may be impacted by our ability to attract, develop and retain qualified associates and manage labor-related costs;
•Our net sales depend on a volume of traffic to our stores and the availability of suitable lease space;
•Our ability to grow depends in part on new store openings and existing store remodels and right-sizing;
•Our international operations and our plans for international expansion include risks that could impact our results and reputation;
•Our licensees, franchisees, wholesalers, and joint venture partners could take actions that could harm our business or the image of our brands;
•Our direct channel business includes risks that could have an adverse effect on our results;
•We may not realize the potential benefits and synergies sought with the acquisition of Adore Me;
•Our ability to protect our reputation could have a material effect on the image and value of our brands;
•If our marketing, advertising and promotional programs are unsuccessful, or if our competitors are more effective with their programs than we are, our revenue or results of operations may be adversely affected;
•Our ability to adequately maintain, enforce and protect our trade names, trademarks and patents could have an impact on the image and value of our brands and ability to penetrate new markets;
•Our ability to compete favorably in our highly competitive segment of the retail industry could impact our results;
•Our ability to manage the life cycle of our brands and to remain current with fashion trends and launch new merchandise, product lines, and brands successfully could impact the image and relevance of our brands;
•We may be impacted by our ability to adequately source, distribute and sell merchandise and other materials on a global basis;
•We rely on a number of vendor and distribution facilities located in the same vicinity, making our business susceptible to local and regional disruptions or adverse conditions;
•We may be impacted by our vendors’ ability to manufacture and deliver products in a timely manner, meet quality standards and comply with applicable laws and regulations;
•Our results may be affected by fluctuations in freight, product input and energy costs, including those caused by inflation;
•Climate change and other sustainability-related matters, and related legal, regulatory and market responses to climate change, may adversely impact our business;
•Our ability to adequately protect our assets from loss and theft could have an adverse effect on our reputation, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows;
•We self-insure certain risks and may be impacted by unfavorable claims experience;
•We significantly rely on our and our third-party service providers’ ability to implement and sustain information technology systems and to protect associated data and system availability;
•Any significant compromise or breach of our data security, including the security of customer, associate, third-party or company information, could have a material adverse effect on our reputation, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows;
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•Changes in laws, regulations or technology platform rules relating to data privacy and security, or any actual or perceived failure by us to comply with such laws and regulations, or contractual or other obligations relating to data privacy and security, could have a material adverse effect on our reputation, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows;
•Shareholder activism could cause us to incur significant expense, hinder execution of our business strategy and impact our stock price;
•We may be adversely impacted by our ability to comply with regulatory requirements;
•We may be adversely impacted by certain compliance or legal matters; and
•We may be impacted by changes in taxation, trade and other regulatory requirements.
Risks Relating to Our Indebtedness
•We have debt obligations that could restrict our business and adversely impact our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows; and
•Our ability to maintain our credit rating could affect our ability to access capital and could increase our interest expense.
Risks Relating to Our Common Stock
•The price of our common stock has fluctuated significantly and may continue to fluctuate significantly;
•Provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws and certain provisions of Delaware law could delay or prevent a change in control of the Company;
•Our amended and restated bylaws designate Delaware as the exclusive forum for certain litigation that may be initiated by our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us and affect the market price of our common stock;
•Your percentage ownership in the Company may be diluted in the future; and
•Our common stock is and will be subordinate to all of our current and future indebtedness and any preferred stock, and effectively subordinate to all indebtedness and preferred equity claims against our subsidiaries.
Risks Relating to the Separation
•We may not realize the anticipated benefits from the Separation, and the Separation could harm our business;
•Our historical combined pro forma financial information for periods prior to the Separation is not necessarily representative of the results that we would have achieved as an independent, publicly traded company and may not be a reliable indicator of our future results;
•Our Former Parent continues to perform functions for us, and we continue to perform functions for our Former Parent, on a transitional basis, and as a result we may experience operational disruptions and incur significant costs to perform these functions ourselves following the transition period or be subject to claims and liability;
•In connection with the Separation, our Former Parent has agreed to indemnify us for certain liabilities and we agreed to indemnify our Former Parent for certain liabilities. If we are required to act under these indemnities to our Former Parent, we may need to divert cash to meet those obligations, which could adversely affect our financial results. Moreover, the indemnity to our Former Parent may not be sufficient to insure us against the full amount of liabilities for which our Former Parent has retained responsibility, and our Former Parent may not be able to satisfy its indemnification obligations to us in the future;
•Some of our directors and officers may have actual or potential conflicts of interest because of their equity ownership in our Former Parent;
•If the Separation, together with certain related transactions, do not qualify as transactions that are tax-free for U.S. federal income tax purposes or non-U.S. tax purposes as a result of a breach by us of any covenant or representation made by us in the Tax Matters Agreement (as defined below), we could be subject to significant liability; and
•We are subject to significant restrictions on our actions in order to avoid triggering significant tax-related liabilities.
RISK FACTORS
You should carefully consider each of the following risks and all of the other information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Some of these risks relate principally to our business and the industry in which we operate, to our outstanding indebtedness, or to the securities markets generally and ownership of our common stock, while others related principally to the Separation. Our business, prospects, results of operations, financial condition or cash flows could be materially and adversely affected by any of these risks, as well as additional risks not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial.
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Risks Relating to Our Business
Adverse economic conditions have had and may continue to have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Deterioration in economic conditions in the United States and globally has had and may continue to have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition. The current macroeconomic environment is characterized by record-high inflation, supply chain challenges, labor shortages, high interest rates, foreign currency exchange volatility, volatility in global capital markets and growing recession risk. Such economic volatility could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows, and future market disruptions could negatively impact us. An economic downturn or a recession or increased uncertainty may also lead to increased credit risk, higher borrowing costs or reduced availability of capital and credit markets, reduced liquidity, asset impairments and adverse impacts on our suppliers and the financial institutions with whom we transact.
Our sales are impacted by discretionary spending by consumers, which may be adversely impacted by unfavorable local, regional, national or global economic conditions. Declines in consumer spending have in the past and in the future may result in reduced demand for our products, increased inventories, lower revenues, higher promotional activity, and lower gross margins. Continued volatility in the availability and prices for commodities and raw materials we use in our products and in our supply chain could have an adverse effect on our costs, gross margins, and profitability. In addition, we may be unable to access financing in the credit and capital markets at reasonable rates in the event we find it desirable to do so.
Our financial performance could be adversely impacted by heightened rates of inflation, which are subject to market conditions. Inflationary pressures on the products we sell could impact our revenues and profitability, especially if we are unable to adjust our retail prices to reflect changes in our costs. During fiscal year 2022, we experienced levels of inflation that were higher than we have experienced in recent years, which impacted consumer confidence and spending patterns. We are unable to predict how long the current inflationary environment will continue or the impact of inflationary trends on consumer behavior and our sales and profitability in the future.
Our net sales, profit results and cash flows are sensitive to, and may be affected by, general economic conditions, consumer confidence, spending patterns, significant health hazards or pandemics, weather or other market disruptions.
Our net sales, profit, cash flows and future growth may be affected by negative local, regional, national or international political or economic trends or developments that reduce consumers’ ability or willingness to spend, including the effects of national and international security concerns such as war, terrorism or the threat thereof. The ongoing Russian invasion of Ukraine and the financial and economic sanctions and other measures imposed by the European Union, the U.S., and other countries and organizations in response thereto has created, and may continue to create, market disruption and volatility and instability in the geopolitical environment. These events and similar events in the future could have a material adverse effect on our customers, our international partners and our third-party suppliers, and may negatively impact our international digital sales and international stores.
In addition, market disruptions due to natural disasters, significant health hazards or pandemics, or other major events or the prospect of these events could also impact consumer spending and confidence levels. Extreme weather conditions in the areas in which our stores are located, particularly in markets where we have multiple stores, could adversely affect our business. Purchases of our products may decline during periods when economic or market conditions are unsettled or weak. In such circumstances, we may increase the number of promotional sales, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
The COVID-19 global pandemic has had and may continue to have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
The outbreak and spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected the U.S. and global economies, disrupted global supply chains and financial markets, and led to significant travel and transportation restrictions. Our business operations and financial performance have been materially impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, including closure of our stores, limited store operating hours, reduced customer traffic and consumer spending, supply chain disruption and delays, increased cost of transportation, raw materials, and labor, and other challenges. Even as the COVID-19 pandemic subsides, macroeconomic impacts related to the pandemic, including inflation, supply chain disruptions and labor shortages, may continue. We continue to focus on protecting the health and safety of our customers, employees, contractors, suppliers, and other business partners.
Although our operations have generally stabilized since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, considerable uncertainty remains. The degree to which COVID-19 continues to impact our business will depend on future developments that are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, many of which are outside our control. In the event there is a widespread regional, national or global health epidemic or pandemic, including future outbreaks of COVID-19 variants, our business could be severely impacted.
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Our net sales, operating income, cash and inventory levels fluctuate on a seasonal basis.
We experience major seasonal fluctuations in our net sales and operating income, with a significant portion of our operating income typically realized during the fourth quarter holiday season. Any decrease in sales or margins during this period could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
Seasonal fluctuations also affect our cash and inventory levels, since we usually order merchandise in advance of peak selling periods and sometimes before new fashion trends are confirmed by customer purchases. We must carry a significant amount of inventory, especially before the holiday season selling period. If we are not successful in selling inventory, we may have to sell the inventory at significantly reduced prices or may not be able to sell the inventory at all, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
If we fail to maintain effective internal controls, we may not be able to report our financial results accurately or timely or prevent or detect fraud, which could have a material adverse effect on our business or the market price of our securities.
In accordance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, our management is required to conduct an annual assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting and include a report on these internal controls in our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, and our independent registered public accounting firm is required to formally attest to the effectiveness of our internal controls. This process involves considerable time, attention, operating expenses and outside auditor fees, and may strain our internal resources, including accounting systems and resources. If management or our independent registered public accounting firm determines that our internal control over financial reporting is not effective, investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports and the market price of our common stock could be negatively affected, and we could become subject to investigations by the NYSE, the SEC or other regulatory authorities, which could require additional financial and management resources. In addition, if our controls are not effective, our ability to accurately and timely report our financial position could be impaired, which could result in late filings of our annual and quarterly reports under the Exchange Act, restatements of our financial statements, a decline in our stock price, or suspension or delisting of our common stock from the NYSE, and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, prospects and results of operations.
Turnover in company leadership or other key positions may have an adverse impact on our performance.
We may experience changes in key leadership or key positions in the future. The departure of key leadership personnel can result in the loss of significant knowledge and experience. This loss of knowledge and experience can be mitigated through successful hiring and transition, but there can be no assurance that we will be successful in such efforts. Attracting and retaining qualified senior leadership may be more challenging under adverse business conditions. Failure to attract and retain the right talent, or to smoothly manage the transition of responsibilities resulting from such turnover, could affect our ability to meet our challenges and may cause us to miss performance objectives or financial targets or disrupt our relationships with our customers.
We may be impacted by our ability to attract, develop and retain qualified associates and manage labor-related costs.
We believe one of our key competitive advantages is providing a positive, engaging and satisfying experience for each customer, which requires us to have highly trained and engaged associates. Our success depends in part upon our ability to attract, develop and retain a sufficient number of qualified associates, including store personnel and talented merchants. The turnover rate in the retail industry is generally high, and qualified individuals of the requisite caliber and number needed to fill these positions may be in short supply in some areas. Competition for such qualified individuals or changes in labor and healthcare laws could require us to incur higher labor costs. As certain jobs and employers increasingly operate remotely, traditional geographic competition for talent may change in ways that cannot be fully predicted at this time. Our inability to recruit a sufficient number of qualified individuals in the future may delay planned openings of new stores or affect the speed with which we expand. Delayed store openings, significant increases in associate turnover rates or significant increases in labor-related costs could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
Our net sales depend on a volume of traffic to our stores and the availability of suitable lease space.
Most of our stores are located in retail shopping areas, including malls and other types of retail centers. Sales at these stores are derived, in part, from the volume of traffic in those retail areas. Our stores benefit from the ability of the retail center and other attractions in an area, including “destination” retail stores, to generate consumer traffic in the vicinity of our stores. Sales volume and retail traffic may be adversely affected by factors that we cannot control, such as economic downturns or changes in consumer demographics in a particular area, consumer trends away from brick-and-mortar retail toward online shopping, competition from digital and other retailers and other retail areas where we do not have stores, significant health hazards or pandemics, the closing of other stores or the decline in popularity or safety in the shopping areas where our stores are located, and the deterioration in the financial condition of the operators or developers of the shopping areas in which our stores are located.
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Part of our future growth is significantly dependent on our ability to operate stores in desirable locations with capital investment and lease costs providing the opportunity to earn a reasonable return. The market for prime retail real estate is competitive. We cannot be sure as to when or whether such desirable locations will become available at reasonable costs. Some of our store locations require significant upfront capital investment and have material lease commitments. If we determine that it is no longer economical to operate a store and decide to close it, we may remain obligated under the applicable lease for, among other things, payment of the base rent for the balance of the lease term. A dispute regarding our leases may result in litigation with the respective landlord, and any such dispute could be costly and have an uncertain outcome. Additionally, we are dependent upon the suitability of the lease spaces that we currently use.
These risks could have a material adverse effect on our ability to grow and our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
Our ability to grow depends in part on new store openings and existing store remodels and right-sizing.
Our continued growth and success will depend in part on our ability to open and operate new stores and right-size and remodel existing stores on a timely and profitable basis. Accomplishing our new store opening goals will depend upon a number of factors, including the ability to partner with developers and landlords to obtain suitable sites for new stores at acceptable costs, the availability and cost of materials and contractors, the hiring and training of qualified personnel and the integration of new stores into existing operations. There can be no assurance we will be able to achieve our new store opening and existing store rightsizing and remodeling goals, manage our growth effectively, successfully integrate the planned new stores into our operations or operate our new, right-sized, remodeled and existing stores profitably. These risks could have a material adverse effect on our ability to grow and results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
Our international operations and our plans for international expansion include risks that could impact our results and reputation.
We intend to continue to operate internationally and further expand into international markets through partner and/or joint venture arrangements. The risks associated with international markets include difficulties in attracting customers due to a lack of customer familiarity with our brands, our lack of familiarity with local customer preferences and seasonal differences in the market. Any of these difficulties may lead to disruption in the overall timing of our international expansion efforts or increased costs. Further, entry into other markets may bring us into competition with new competitors or with existing competitors with an established market presence. Other risks include general economic conditions in specific countries or markets, volatility in the geopolitical landscape, restrictions on the repatriation of funds held internationally, disruptions or delays in shipments, occurrence of significant health hazards or pandemics, changes in diplomatic and trade relationships, political instability and foreign governmental regulation. Such expansions will also have upfront investment costs that may not be accompanied by sufficient revenues to achieve typical or expected operational and financial performance. These risks could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
Further, our results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected by fluctuations in currency exchange rates. We are exposed to foreign currency exchange rate risk with respect to our sales, profits, assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. In addition, our royalty arrangements are calculated based on sales in local currency and, as such, we are exposed to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations. From time to time we use foreign currency forward contracts to hedge certain foreign currency risks; however, these measures may not succeed in offsetting all of the short-term negative impacts of foreign currency rate movements on our business and results of operations. Hedging would generally not be effective in offsetting the long-term impact of sustained shifts in foreign exchange rates on our business results. As a result, the fluctuation in the value of the U.S. dollar against other currencies could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
Our licensees, franchisees, wholesalers, and joint venture partners could take actions that could harm our business or the image of our brands.
We have global representation through independently owned stores operated by our partners. Although we have criteria to evaluate and select prospective partners, the level of control we can exercise over our partners is limited, and the quality and success of their operations may be diminished by any number of factors beyond our control. For example, our partners may not have the business acumen or financial resources necessary to successfully operate stores in a manner consistent with our standards and may not hire and train qualified store managers and other personnel. Further, we have limited control as to whether our partners comply with federal and local law. The image of our brands and our reputation may suffer materially, and our sales could decline if our partners do not operate successfully. These risks could have an adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
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Our direct channel business includes risks that could have an adverse effect on our results.
Our digital operations are subject to numerous risks that could have a material adverse effect on our results. Risks include, but are not limited to, the difficulty in recreating the in-store experience through our direct channels; domestic or international resellers purchasing merchandise and reselling it outside our control; our ability to anticipate and implement innovations in technology and logistics in order to appeal to existing and potential customers who increasingly rely on multiple channels to meet their shopping needs; our ability to keep up with drastic shifts in customer demand, such as we saw with the COVID-19 pandemic; and the failure of and risks related to the systems that operate our web infrastructure, websites and the related support systems, including computer viruses, theft of customer information, privacy concerns, telecommunication failures and electronic break-ins and similar disruptions.
Our failure to maintain efficient and uninterrupted order-taking and fulfillment operations could also have a material adverse effect on our results. The satisfaction of our online customers depends on their timely receipt of merchandise. If we encounter difficulties with our distribution facilities, or if the facilities were to shut down for any reason, including as a result of fire, natural disaster or work stoppage, we could face shortages of inventory. Supply chain, including inflationary pressures, or product transportation challenges have caused and could continue to cause us to incur higher costs and longer lead times associated with distributing our products to our customers.
Any of these issues could cause customer dissatisfaction and have a material adverse effect on our operations, financial condition and cash flows.
We may not realize the potential benefits and synergies sought with the acquisition of Adore Me.
During 2022, we acquired Adore Me as part of our strategic growth plan. The success of the acquisition, including anticipated benefits and synergies, will depend in part on our ability to successfully leverage Adore Me's expertise and technology and to integrate the Adore Me business. We believe that there are significant benefits and synergies that may be realized, including as a result of leveraging Adore Me’s expertise and technology to improve the Victoria's Secret and PINK customer shopping experience and accelerate the modernization of our current digital platform. However, we may fail to realize these benefits and synergies for a variety of reasons, including:
•failure to successfully manage relationships with customers, distributors and suppliers;
•failure of Adore Me’s customers to continue as customers of the combined company;
•potential incompatibility or difficulties integrating and harmonizing technologies to effectively leverage Adore Me's technology to improve the Victoria's Secret and PINK customer experience and to modernize our current digital platform;
•integration may be more costly, time-consuming or less effective than anticipated;
•the loss of key employees; and
•failure to combine product offerings and purchase experiences efficiently and effectively.
Further, our integration efforts could disrupt both companies’ existing operations and also divert management attention and resources. If we experience difficulties with the integration process, the anticipated benefits of the acquisition, including anticipated sales and growth opportunities, may not be realized fully, or at all, and may take longer to realize than expected. Failure to achieve the anticipated benefits of the acquisition could adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows, decrease or delay the accretive effect of the acquisition and negatively impact the price of our common stock.
In addition, we may, from time to time, evaluate and pursue other strategic investments or acquisitions. These involve various inherent risks, including unanticipated liabilities or contingencies, and the benefits sought may not be realized. The acquisition of Adore Me or other strategic investments or acquisitions may not create value and may harm our brands and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our ability to protect our reputation could have a material effect on the image and value of our brands.
Our ability to maintain our reputation is critical to the image and value of our brands. Our reputation could be jeopardized if we fail to maintain high standards for merchandise quality and integrity. Any negative publicity, including information publicized through traditional or social media platforms and similar venues such as blogs, websites and other forums, may affect our reputation and brands and, consequently, reduce demand for our merchandise, even if such publicity is unverified or inaccurate.
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Failure to comply with or the perception that we have failed to comply with ethical, social, product, labor, privacy and environmental standards, or related political considerations, could also jeopardize our reputation and potentially lead to various adverse consumer actions, including boycotts. Additionally, organizations that provide information to investors on corporate governance and other matters have developed rating systems for evaluating companies on their approach to environmental, social and governance matters. Unfavorable ratings may also affect our reputation and the sentiment of our brands, which could have a negative impact on our stock price. Failure to comply with local laws and regulations, to maintain an effective system of internal controls, to maintain the security of customer, associate, third-party and Company information or to provide accurate and timely financial statement information could also hurt our reputation. Damage to our reputation or loss of consumer confidence for any of these or other reasons could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows, as well as require additional resources to rebuild our reputation.
If our marketing, advertising and promotional programs are unsuccessful, or if our competitors are more effective with their programs than we are, our revenue or results of operations may be adversely affected.
Customer traffic and demand for our merchandise are influenced by our advertising, marketing and promotional activities, the name recognition and reputation of our brands and the location of and service offered in our stores. Although we use marketing, advertising and promotional programs to attract customers through various media, including social media, websites, mobile applications, email, print and television, some of our competitors may expend more for their programs than we do, or use different approaches than we do, which may provide them with a competitive advantage. Our programs may not be effective or could require increased expenditures, which could have a material adverse effect on our revenue and results of operations.
Our ability to adequately maintain, enforce and protect our trade names, trademarks and patents could have an impact on the image and value of our brands and ability to penetrate new markets.
We believe that our trade names, trademarks and patents are important assets and an essential element of our strategy, especially with respect to new brands and innovative new products. We have obtained or applied for federal registration of our trade names, trademarks and patents and have applied for or obtained registrations in many foreign countries. However, there can be no assurance that we will obtain such registrations or that the registrations we obtain will prevent the imitation of our products or infringement or other violation of our intellectual property rights by others. In particular, the laws of certain foreign countries may not protect proprietary rights to the same extent as the laws of the U.S. If any third party copies our products, our stores, or our websites in a manner that projects lesser quality or carries a negative connotation, it could have a material adverse effect on the image of our brands and our reputation as well as our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
Third parties may assert rights in or ownership of our trademarks and other intellectual property rights, or trademarks that are similar to our trademarks, or claim that we are infringing, misappropriating or otherwise violating their intellectual property rights. We may be unable to successfully resolve these type of conflicts to our satisfaction and may be required to enter into costly license agreements, be required to pay significant royalty, settlements costs or damages, be required to rebrand our products and/or be prevented from selling some of our products.
Our ability to compete favorably in our highly competitive segment of the retail industry could impact our results.
The retail industry is highly competitive. We compete for sales with a broad range of other retailers, including individual and chain specialty stores, department stores and discount retailers. In addition to the traditional store-based retailers, we also compete with direct marketers or retailers that sell similar lines of merchandise and who target customers through online channels. Brand image, marketing, design, price, service, assortment, quality, image presentation and fulfillment are all competitive factors in both the store-based and online channels.
Some of our competitors may have greater financial, marketing and other resources available and trends across our product categories may favor our competitors. We rely to a greater degree than some of our competitors on physical locations in shopping malls and retail centers and so declines in traffic to such locations may affect us more significantly than our competitors. Some of our competitors sell their products in stores that are located in the same shopping malls and retail centers as our stores. In addition to competing for sales, we compete for favorable site locations and lease terms in shopping malls and retail centers.
Increased competition, combined with declines in mall and/or online website traffic, could result in price reductions, increased marketing expenditures and loss of pricing power and market share, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
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Our ability to manage the life cycle of our brands and to remain current with fashion trends and launch new merchandise, product lines, and brands successfully could impact the image and relevance of our brands.
Our success depends in part on management’s ability to effectively manage the life cycle of our brands and to anticipate and respond to changing fashion preferences and consumer demands and to translate market trends into appropriate, salable product offerings in advance of the actual time of sale to the customer. We are dependent on certain product categories, and a decline in consumer demand in these product categories could negatively affect our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. We may choose to launch new product categories or brands, and our ability to successfully introduce new merchandise, product lines, and brands will impact our results of operations and the image of our brands. Customer demands and fashion trends change rapidly. If we are unable to successfully anticipate, identify or react to changing styles or trends or we misjudge the market for our products or any new product lines, our sales may decrease, potentially resulting in significant amounts of unsold inventory. In response, we may be forced to increase our marketing promotions or price markdowns. These risks could have a material adverse effect on the image of our brands and our reputation as well as our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
We may be impacted by our ability to adequately source, distribute and sell merchandise and other materials on a global basis.
We source merchandise and other materials directly in international markets and in our domestic market. We distribute merchandise and other materials globally to our partners, stores and customers in international locations. Many of our imports and exports are subject to a variety of customs regulations and international trade arrangements, including existing or potential duties, tariffs or safeguard quotas. We compete with other companies for production facilities.
We also face a variety of other risks generally associated with doing business on a global basis. For example:
•political instability, wars, environmental hazards or natural disasters which could negatively affect international economies, financial markets and business activity;
•significant health hazards or pandemics, which could result in closed factories, reduced workforces, scarcity of raw materials, and scrutiny or embargoing of goods produced in infected areas;
•imposition of new or retaliatory trade duties, sanctions or taxes and other charges on imports or exports;
•evolving, new or complex legal and regulatory matters;
•volatility in currency exchange rates and rising interest rates;
•local business practice and political issues (including issues relating to compliance with domestic or international labor standards) which may result in adverse publicity or threatened or actual adverse consumer actions, including boycotts;
•delays or disruptions in shipping and transportation and related pricing impacts;
•disruption due to labor disputes; and
•changing expectations regarding product safety due to new legislation or other factors.
We also rely upon third-party transportation providers for substantially all of our product shipments, including shipments to and from our distribution centers, to our stores and to our customers. Our utilization of these delivery services for shipments is subject to risks, including increases in labor costs and fuel prices, which would increase our shipping costs, and associate strikes and inclement weather, which may impact our transportation providers’ ability to provide delivery services that adequately meet our shipping needs. Further, the rapid increase in demand for online shopping has led to increased pressure on the capacity of our fulfillment network.
We rely on a number of vendor and distribution facilities located in the same vicinity, making our business susceptible to local and regional disruptions or adverse conditions.
To achieve the necessary speed and agility in producing our beauty and personal care products, we rely heavily on vendor and distribution facilities in close proximity to our headquarters in Central Ohio. In addition, a significant portion of our intimates and apparel products are produced in Southeast Asia. As a result of geographic concentration of the vendor and distribution facilities that we rely upon, our operations are susceptible to local and regional factors, such as accidents, system failures, economic and weather conditions, natural disasters, demographic and population changes, and other unforeseen events and circumstances. Any significant interruption in the operations of these facilities could lead to inventory issues or increased costs, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
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We may be impacted by our vendors’ ability to manufacture and deliver products in a timely manner, meet quality standards and comply with applicable laws and regulations.
We purchase products from third-party vendors. Factors outside our control, such as production or shipping delays or quality problems, could disrupt merchandise deliveries and result in lost sales, cancellation charges or excessive markdowns.
In addition, quality problems could result in product liability litigation or a widespread product recall that may negatively impact our sales and profitability depending on product availability, competitor reaction and consumer attitudes. Even if the product liability claim is unsuccessful or is not fully pursued, the negative publicity surrounding any assertions could adversely impact our reputation with existing and potential customers and the image of our brands.
Our business could also suffer if our third-party vendors fail to comply with applicable laws, regulations or ethical standards. While our internal and vendor operating guidelines promote ethical business practices and our associates visit and monitor the operations of certain third-party vendors, we do not control these vendors or their practices. The violation of labor, environmental or other laws by third-party vendors used by us, or the divergence of a third-party vendor’s or partner’s labor or environmental practices from those generally accepted as ethical or appropriate, could interrupt or otherwise disrupt the shipment of finished products to us or damage our reputation.
These risks could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
Our results may be affected by fluctuations in freight, product input and energy costs, including those caused by inflation.
Product input costs, including freight, labor and raw materials, fluctuate. Fluctuations in the price and availability of freight, labor and raw materials may result in an increase in our production costs. Increases in the cost of mailing, paper, printing, or other order fulfillment logistics will affect the cost of our order fulfillment and promotional mailings. Inflation can also have an adverse impact on us because increasing costs of materials and labor may adversely impact our profit margins, especially if we are not be able to, or elect not to, pass these increases on to our customers. These risks could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
Energy costs may fluctuate as a result of inflation and other factors, including the Ukraine/Russia conflict and related economic sanctions. These fluctuations may result in an increase in our transportation costs for distribution, utility costs for our retail stores and costs to purchase products from our manufacturers. A continual rise in energy costs could adversely affect consumer spending and demand for our products and increase our operating costs, both of which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
Climate change and other sustainability-related matters, and related legal, regulatory and market responses to climate change, may adversely impact our business.
There is increasing concern that a gradual rise in global average temperatures due to increased concentration of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere will cause significant changes in weather patterns around the globe, an increase in the frequency, severity and duration of extreme weather conditions and natural disasters, and water scarcity and poor water quality. These events could adversely impact the cultivation of cotton, which is a key resource in the production of our products, disrupt the operation of our supply chain, increase our production costs, and impact the types of apparel products that consumers purchase. These events could also compound adverse economic conditions and impact consumer confidence and discretionary spending. As a result, the effects of climate change could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
In many countries, governmental bodies are considering or enacting new or additional legislation and regulations to reduce or mitigate the potential impacts of climate change. If we or our suppliers are required to comply with these laws and regulations, or if we choose to take voluntary steps to reduce or mitigate our impact on climate change, we may experience increases in energy, production, transportation and raw materials costs, capital expenditures, insurance premiums and deductibles, and compliance-related costs, which could adversely impact our results of operation. Inconsistency of legislation and regulations among jurisdictions may also affect the costs of compliance with such laws and regulations. Any assessment of the potential impact of future climate change legislation, regulations or industry standards, as well as any international treaties and accords, is uncertain given the wide scope of potential regulatory change in the countries in which we operate. Any failure on our part to comply with climate change-related regulations could lead to adverse consumer actions and investment decisions by investors, as well as expose us to government enforcement and private litigation.
Execution of sustainability-related strategies and achievement of sustainability-related goals is subject to risks and uncertainties, many of which are outside our control. If we announce sustainability-related goals and targets, there can be no assurance that our stakeholders will agree with our strategies, and any perception, whether or not valid, that we have failed to achieve, or to act responsibly with respect to such matters or to comply with new or additional legal or regulatory requirements regarding climate change and other sustainability-related matters could result in adverse publicity and adversely affect our business and reputation.
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Our ability to adequately protect our assets from loss and theft could have an adverse effect on our reputation, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
Our assets are subject to loss, including those caused by illegal or unethical conduct by associates, customers, vendors or unaffiliated third parties, natural disasters and organized retail theft. We have experienced events such as inventory shrinkage in the past, and we cannot assure that incidences of loss and theft will decrease in the future or that the measures we are taking will effectively reduce these losses. Higher rates of loss or increased security costs to combat theft could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
We self-insure certain risks and may be impacted by unfavorable claims experience.
We are self-insured for various types of insurable risks including associate medical benefits, workers’ compensation, property, general liability and automobile up to certain stop-loss limits. Claims are difficult to predict and may be volatile. Any adverse claims experience could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
We significantly rely on our and our third-party service providers’ ability to implement and sustain information technology systems and to protect associated data and system availability.
Our success depends, in part, on the secure and uninterrupted performance of our and our third-party services providers’ and vendors’ information technology systems. Our information technology systems, as well as those of our service providers and vendors are vulnerable to damage, interruption or breach from a variety of sources, including cyberattacks, ransomware attacks, telecommunication failures, malicious human acts and natural disasters. Moreover, despite maintaining comprehensive measures, some of our systems, e-commerce environments, servers and those of our service providers and vendors are potentially vulnerable to physical or electronic break-ins, computer viruses and similar disruptive problems. Such incidents could disrupt our operations, including our ability to timely ship and track product orders and project inventory requirements, and lead to interruptions or delays in our supply chain. Additionally, these types of problems could result in an actual or perceived breach of confidential customer, merchandise, financial, employee or other important information (including personal information), which could result in damage to our reputation, costly litigation, customer complaints, negative publicity, breach notification obligations, regulatory or administrative sanctions, inquiries, orders or investigations, indemnity obligations, damages for contract breach or penalties for violations of applicable laws or regulations. The increased use of smartphones, tablets and other mobile devices may also heighten these and other operational risks. Despite the precautions we have taken, unanticipated problems or events may nevertheless cause failures in, or unauthorized access to, our and our third-party services providers’ and vendors’ information technology systems. Sustained or repeated system disruptions that interrupt our ability to process orders and deliver products to the stores, impact our customers’ ability to access our websites in a timely manner, or expose confidential customer information, merchandise, financial or other important information (including personal information) could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
In addition, from time to time, we make hardware, software and code modifications and upgrades to our information technology systems for point-of-sale, e-commerce, mobile apps, merchandising, planning, sourcing, logistics, inventory management and support systems including human resources and finance. Modifications involve replacing existing systems with successor systems, making changes to existing systems or acquiring new systems with new functionality. We are aware of inherent risks associated with replacing and modifying our information technology systems, including risks relative to data integrity and system disruptions. Information technology system disruptions or data corruption, if not anticipated and appropriately mitigated, could have a material adverse effect on our operations, financial condition and cash flows.
In addition to our own systems, networks and databases, we use third-party service providers to store, transmit and otherwise process certain of this information on our behalf, and our third-party service providers are subject to similar cybersecurity risks. Due to applicable laws and regulations or contractual obligations, we may be held responsible for any cybersecurity incident attributed to our service providers as they relate to the information we share with them or to which they are granted access. Although we contractually require these service providers to implement and maintain a standard of security (such as implementing reasonable measures), we cannot control third parties and cannot guarantee that a security breach will not occur in their systems.
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Any significant compromise or breach of our data security, including the security of customer, associate, third-party or company information, could have a material adverse effect on our reputation, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
In the operation of our business, we collect, use, transmit and otherwise process a large volume of personal and other confidential, proprietary and sensitive information. Information systems are susceptible to an increasing threat of continually evolving cybersecurity risks. Any significant compromise or breach of our data security, media reports about such an incident, whether accurate or not, or our failure to make adequate or timely disclosures to the public or law enforcement agencies following any such event, whether due to delayed discovery or a failure to follow existing protocols, could significantly damage our reputation with our customers, associates, investors and other third parties, cause the disclosure of personal, confidential, proprietary or sensitive customer, associate, third-party or company information, cause interruptions to our operations and distraction to our management, cause our customers to stop shopping with us and result in significant legal, regulatory and financial liabilities and lost revenues.
While we train our associates and have implemented systems, processes and security measures to protect our physical facilities and information technology systems against unauthorized access and prevent data loss, there is no guarantee that these procedures are adequate to safeguard against all data security threats. Despite these measures, we may be vulnerable to targeted or random attacks on our systems that could lead to security breaches, phishing attacks, denial of service attacks, acts of vandalism, computer viruses, malware, ransomware, misplaced or lost data, programming and/or human errors or similar events. Our systems and facilities are also subject to compromise from internal threats, such as theft, misuse, unauthorized access or other improper actions by employees, third-party service providers and other third parties with otherwise legitimate access to our systems, website or facilities (which risks may be heightened as a result of work-from-home policies and technologies implemented in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic). Furthermore, because the methods of cyber-attack and deception change frequently, are increasingly complex and sophisticated, and can originate from a wide variety of sources, including nation-state actors, despite our reasonable efforts to ensure the integrity of our systems and website, it is possible that we may not be able to anticipate, detect, appropriately react and respond to, or implement effective preventative measures against, all cybersecurity incidents.
We may be required to expend significant capital and other resources to protect against, respond to, and recover from any potential, attempted, or existing cybersecurity incidents. As cybersecurity incidents continue to evolve, we may be required to expend significant additional resources to continue to modify or enhance our protective measures or to investigate and remediate any information security vulnerabilities. In addition, our remediation efforts may not be successful, or may not be completed in a timely manner. The inability to implement, maintain and upgrade adequate safeguards could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. Moreover, there could be public announcements regarding any cybersecurity incidents and any steps we take to respond to or remediate such incidents, and if securities analysts or investors perceive these announcements to be negative, it could, among other things, have an adverse effect on the price of our common stock.
While we currently maintain cybersecurity insurance, such insurance may not be sufficient in type or amount to cover us against claims related to breaches, failures or other data security-related incidents, and we cannot be certain that cybersecurity insurance will continue to be available to us on economically reasonable terms, or at all, or that any insurer will not deny coverage as to any future claim. The successful assertion of one or more large claims against us that exceed available insurance coverage, or the occurrence of changes in our insurance policies, including premium increases or the imposition of large deductible or co-insurance requirements, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
Changes in laws, regulations or technology platform rules relating to data privacy and security, or any actual or perceived failure by us to comply with such laws and regulations, or contractual or other obligations relating to data privacy and security, could have a material adverse effect on our reputation, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
We are, and may increasingly become, subject to various laws, directives, industry standards and regulations, as well as contractual obligations, relating to data privacy and security in the jurisdictions in which we operate. The regulatory environment related to data privacy and security is increasingly rigorous, with new and constantly changing requirements applicable to our business, and enforcement practices are likely to remain uncertain for the foreseeable future. These laws and regulations may be interpreted and applied differently over time and from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, and it is possible that they will be interpreted and applied in ways that may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
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In the U.S., various federal and state regulators, including governmental agencies like the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau and the Federal Trade Commission, have adopted, or are considering adopting, laws and regulations concerning personal information and data security and have prioritized privacy and information security violations for enforcement actions. Certain state laws may be more stringent or broader in scope, or offer greater individual rights, with respect to personal information than federal, international or other state laws, and such laws may differ from each other, all of which may complicate compliance efforts. State laws are changing rapidly and there is discussion in Congress of a new comprehensive federal data privacy law to which we would become subject if it is enacted, which may add additional complexity, variation in requirements, restrictions and potential legal risk, require additional investment of resources in compliance programs, impact strategies and the availability of previously useful data and could result in increased compliance costs or changes in business practices and policies.
We are also subject to international laws, regulations and standards in many jurisdictions, which apply broadly to the collection, use, retention, security, disclosure, transfer and other processing of personal information. For example, the E.U. General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”), which became effective in May 2018, greatly increased the European Commission’s jurisdictional reach of its laws and adds a broad array of requirements for handling personal data. The GDPR, together with national legislation, regulations and guidelines of the EU member states and the United Kingdom governing the processing of personal data, impose strict obligations and restrictions on the ability to collect, use, retain, protect, disclose, transfer and otherwise process personal data. Recent legal developments in Europe have created further complexity and uncertainty regarding transfers of personal data from the European Economic Area and the United Kingdom to the United States.
All of these evolving compliance and operational requirements impose significant costs, such as costs related to organizational changes, implementing additional protection technologies, training associates and engaging consultants, which are likely to increase over time. In addition, such requirements may require us to modify our data processing practices and policies, distract management or divert resources from other initiatives and projects, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. Any failure or perceived failure by us to comply with any applicable federal, state or similar foreign laws and regulations relating to data privacy and security could result in damage to our reputation and our relationship with our customers, as well as proceedings or litigation by governmental agencies or customers, including class action privacy litigation in certain jurisdictions, which could subject us to significant fines, sanctions, awards, penalties or judgments, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
Shareholder activism could cause us to incur significant expense, hinder execution of our business strategy and impact our stock price.
Shareholder activism, which can take many forms and arise in a variety of situations, could result in substantial costs and divert management’s and our Board of Directors’ attention and resources away from our business. Additionally, such shareholder activism could give rise to perceived uncertainties as to our future, adversely affect our relationships with our associates, customers or service providers and make it more difficult to attract and retain qualified personnel. Also, we may be required to incur significant fees and other expenses related to activist shareholder matters, including for third-party advisors. Our stock price could be subject to significant fluctuation or otherwise be adversely affected by the events, risks and uncertainties of any shareholder activism.
We may be adversely impacted by our ability to comply with regulatory requirements.
We are subject to numerous regulatory requirements. Our policies, procedures and internal controls are designed to comply with all applicable foreign and domestic laws and regulations, including those required by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (the “FCPA”), the U.K. Bribery Act, the SEC and the NYSE, among others. Although we have put in place policies and procedures aimed at ensuring legal and regulatory compliance, our associates, subcontractors, vendors, licensees, franchisees, joint venture partners, and other third parties could take actions that violate these laws and regulations. Any violations of such laws or regulations could have an adverse effect on our reputation, the market price of our common stock, and our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
It can be difficult to comply with sometimes conflicting regulations in local, national or foreign jurisdictions as well as new or changing regulations. Also, changes in such laws could make operating our business more expensive or require us to change the way we do business. For example, changes in product safety or other consumer protection laws could lead to increased costs for certain merchandise, or additional labor costs associated with readying merchandise for sale. It may be difficult for us to oversee regulatory changes impacting our business, and our responses to changes in the law could be costly and may negatively impact our operations. In addition, future acquisitions of foreign companies or new foreign ventures and any joint ventures with foreign companies could potentially lead to risks related to, among other things, increased exposure to foreign exchange rate changes, government price control, repatriation of profits and liabilities related to the FCPA.
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We may be adversely impacted by certain compliance or legal matters.
We, along with third parties we do business with, are subject to complex compliance and litigation risks. Actions filed against us from time to time may include commercial, tort, intellectual property, customer, employment, wage and hour, data privacy, securities, anti-corruption and other claims, including purported class action lawsuits. The cost of defending against these types of claims or the ultimate resolution of such claims, whether by settlement or adverse court decision, may harm our business and results of operations. Further, potential claimants may be encouraged to bring suits based on a settlement from us or adverse court decisions against us. We cannot assess the likelihood that we will receive such claims or the outcome of any such claims, but if outcomes are negative, it could have a material adverse effect on our reputation, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
In addition, we may be impacted by litigation trends, including class action lawsuits involving consumers, employees, and stockholders, that could have a material adverse effect on our reputation, the market price of our common stock, and our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
We may be impacted by changes in taxation, trade and other regulatory requirements.
We are subject to income tax in local, national and international jurisdictions. In addition, our products are subject to import and excise duties and/or sales or value-added taxes in many jurisdictions. We are also subject to the examination of our tax returns and other tax matters by the IRS and other tax authorities and governmental bodies. We plan to regularly assess the likelihood of an adverse outcome resulting from these examinations to determine the adequacy of our provision for taxes. There can be no assurance as to the outcome of these examinations. Fluctuations in tax rates and duties, changes in tax legislation or regulation or adverse outcomes of these examinations could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
There is increased uncertainty with respect to tax policy and trade relations between the U.S. and other countries, including as a result of any executive action taken or legislative priorities set by the current Biden administration. For example, the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022, which was signed into law in August 2022, imposes a non-deductible 1% excise tax on the fair market value of stock repurchases after December 31, 2022 that exceed $1 million in a taxable year, which may impact the tax efficiency of our share repurchase program. We also continue to monitor the geopolitical tensions between the U.S. and China as both countries have imposed tariffs on the importation of certain product categories into the respective country, with limited progress in negotiations to reduce or remove the tariffs. Major developments in tax policy or trade relations, such as the imposition of unilateral tariffs on imported products, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
Risks Relating to Our Indebtedness
We have debt obligations that could restrict our business and adversely impact our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.
In connection with the Separation, we entered into a $400 million term loan facility and $750 million senior secured asset-based revolving credit facility and issued $600 million of senior notes, the proceeds of which we used to make the approximately $976 million cash payment to our Former Parent and to pay related fees and expenses. The debt agreements contain certain affirmative and negative covenants, including maintenance of a consolidated coverage ratio, a consolidated total leverage ratio, a fixed charge coverage ratio, and a debt to earnings before interest, income taxes, depreciation, amortization and rent ratio. If we fail to comply with any covenants, the lenders may terminate their obligation to make advances to us and declare any outstanding obligations immediately due and payable. This debt obligation could restrict our future business strategies and could adversely impact our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. This level of debt could have significant consequences on our future operations, including:
•Making it more difficult for us to meet our payment and other obligations under our outstanding debt;
•Resulting in an event of default if we fail to comply with the financial and other restrictive covenants contained in our debt agreements, which could result in all of our debt becoming immediately due and payable;
•Reducing the availability of our cash flow to fund working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions and other general corporate purposes, and limiting our ability to obtain additional financing for these purposes;
•Limiting our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, and increasing our vulnerability to, changes in our business, the industry in which we operate and the general economy; and
•Placing us at a competitive disadvantage compared to any of our competitors that have less debt or are less leveraged.
Any of the above-listed factors could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, if our cash flow from operations declines, we may be unable to service or refinance our debt.
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We may also incur substantial additional indebtedness in the future. Any future indenture or credit agreements that we may enter into may include restrictive covenants that, subject to certain exceptions and qualifications, restrict or limit our ability and the ability of our restricted subsidiaries to, among other things, incur additional indebtedness, pay dividends, make certain investments, sell certain assets and enter into certain strategic transactions, including mergers and acquisitions. These covenants and restrictions could affect our ability to operate our business and may limit our ability to react to market conditions or take advantage of potential business opportunities as they arise.
Our ability to maintain our credit rating could affect our ability to access capital and could increase our interest expense.
Any downgrades in our credit ratings by the major independent rating agencies could increase the cost of borrowing under any indebtedness we may incur. There can be no assurance that we will be able to maintain our credit ratings, and any actual or anticipated changes or downgrades in our credit ratings, including any announcement that our ratings are under review for a downgrade, may have a negative impact on our liquidity, capital position and access to capital markets.
Risks Relating to Our Common Stock
The price of our common stock has fluctuated significantly and may continue to fluctuate significantly.
The market price of our common stock has fluctuated significantly since the Separation, and may continue to fluctuate significantly due to a number of factors, many of which are beyond our control, including:
•Fluctuations in our quarterly or annual earnings results or those of other companies in our industry;
•Failures of our operating results to meet the estimates of securities analysts or the expectations of our stockholders, or changes by securities analysts in their estimates of our future earnings;
•Announcements by us or our customers, suppliers or competitors;
•Changes in market valuations or earnings of other companies in our industry;
•Changes in laws or regulations which adversely affect our industry or us;
•General economic, industry and stock market conditions;
•Future significant sales of our common stock by our stockholders or the perception in the market of such sales;
•Future issuances of our common stock by us; and
•The other factors described in these “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
These and other factors may cause the market price and demand for our common stock to fluctuate substantially, which may limit or prevent stockholders from readily selling their shares of common stock and may otherwise negatively affect the liquidity of our common stock. In addition, in the past, when the market price of a stock has been volatile, holders of that stock have instituted securities class action litigation against the company that issued the stock. If any of our stockholders brought a lawsuit against us, we could incur substantial costs defending the lawsuit. Such a lawsuit could also divert the time and attention of our management from our business.
The trading market for our common stock may also be influenced by the research and reports that industry or securities analysts publish about us or our business. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of the Company or fail to publish reports on us regularly, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which in turn could cause our stock price or trading volume to decline. Moreover, if one or more of the analysts who cover us downgrade our stock, or if our results of operations do not meet their expectations, our stock price could decline.
Provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws and certain provisions of Delaware law could delay or prevent a change in control of the Company.
The existence of certain provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws and Delaware law could discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of the Company that a stockholder may consider favorable. These include provisions:
•Providing the right to our Board of Directors to issue one or more classes or series of preferred stock without stockholder approval;
•Authorizing a large number of shares of common stock that are not yet issued, which would allow our Board of Directors to issue shares to persons friendly to current management, thereby protecting the continuity of our management, or which could be used to dilute the stock ownership of persons seeking to obtain control of us;
•Prohibiting stockholders from taking action by written consent; and
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•Establishing advance notice and other requirements for nominations of candidates for election to our Board of Directors or for proposing matters that can be acted on by stockholders at our annual stockholder meetings.
We believe these provisions will protect our stockholders from coercive or otherwise unfair takeover tactics by requiring potential acquirors to negotiate with our Board of Directors and by providing our Board of Directors with more time to assess any acquisition proposal. These provisions are not intended to make us immune from takeovers. However, these provisions apply even if a takeover offer may be considered beneficial by some stockholders and could delay or prevent an acquisition that our Board of Directors determines is not in our and our stockholders’ best interests.
Our amended and restated bylaws designate Delaware as the exclusive forum for certain litigation that may be initiated by our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us and affect the market price of our common stock.
Pursuant to our amended and restated bylaws, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, a state court located within the State of Delaware (or, if no state court located within the State of Delaware has jurisdiction, the federal court for the District of Delaware) shall be the sole and exclusive forum for (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf; (ii) any action asserting a claim for or based on a breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any of our directors or officers or other employees or agents to us or to our stockholders, including a claim alleging the aiding and abetting of such a breach of fiduciary duty; (iii) any action asserting a claim against us or any of our directors or officers or other employees or agents arising pursuant to any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Law or our certificate of incorporation or bylaws; (iv) any action asserting a claim related to or involving us that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine; or (v) any action asserting an “internal corporate claim” as that term is defined in Section 115 of the Delaware General Corporation Law. These exclusive forum provisions will apply to all covered actions, including any covered action in which the plaintiff chooses to assert a claim or claims under federal law in addition to a claim or claims under Delaware law. These exclusive forum provisions, however, will not apply to actions asserting only federal law claims under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), or the Exchange Act, regardless of whether the state courts in the State of Delaware have jurisdiction over those claims. The forum selection clause in our amended and restated bylaws may limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us, result in increased costs for investors to bring a claim and affect the market price of our common stock.
Your percentage ownership in the Company may be diluted in the future.
During the two-year period following the Separation, we are limited under the Tax Matters Agreement in our ability to sell or otherwise issue our common stock, but in the future your percentage ownership in the Company may be diluted due to equity issuances for acquisitions, strategic investments, capital market transactions or otherwise, including equity awards that we may grant to our directors, officers, employees and other service providers. From time to time, we may grant additional equity awards to our employees under our employee compensation and benefits plans. These awards would have a dilutive effect on our earnings per share, which could adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
In addition, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation authorizes us to issue, without the approval of our stockholders, one or more classes or series of preferred stock having such designations, powers, preferences and relative, participating, optional and other rights, and such qualifications, limitations or restrictions as our Board of Directors may determine. The terms of one or more classes or series of preferred stock could dilute the voting power or reduce the value of our common stock. For example, we could grant holders of preferred stock the right to elect some number of our directors or the right to veto specified transactions. Similarly, the repurchase or redemption rights or dividend, distribution or liquidation preferences we could assign to holders of preferred stock could affect the residual value of our common stock.
Our common stock is and will be subordinate to all of our current and future indebtedness and any preferred stock, and effectively subordinate to all indebtedness and preferred equity claims against our subsidiaries.
Shares of our common stock are common equity interests in us and, as such, will rank junior to all our current and future indebtedness and other liabilities. Additionally, holders of our common stock may become subject to the prior dividend and liquidation rights of holders of any class or series of preferred stock that our Board of Directors may designate and issue without any action on the part of the holders of our common stock. Furthermore, our right to participate in a distribution of assets upon any of our subsidiaries’ liquidation or reorganization is subject to the prior claims of that subsidiary’s creditors and preferred stockholders.
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Risks Relating to the Separation
We may not realize the anticipated benefits from the Separation, and the Separation could harm our business.
We may not be able to achieve the full strategic and financial benefits expected to result from the Separation, or such benefits may be delayed or not occur at all. The Separation is expected to enhance strategic and management focus and allow us to more efficiently and effectively allocate resources and deploy capital. We may not achieve these and other anticipated benefits for a variety of reasons, including, among others:
•The Separation requires significant amounts of management’s time and effort, which may divert management’s attention from operating and growing our business;
•We may be more susceptible to economic downturns and other adverse events than if we were still a part of our Former Parent;
•The Separation may increase the overall cost of debt funding and decrease the overall debt capacity and commercial credit available to us;
•Following the Separation, our business is less diversified than our Former Parent’s business prior to the Separation;
•Our business will experience a loss of scale and access to certain financial, managerial and professional resources from which we have benefited in the past; and
•The other actions required to separate the respective businesses could disrupt our operations.
If we fail to achieve some or all of the benefits expected to result from the Separation, or if such benefits are delayed, our business could be harmed.
Our historical combined pro forma financial information for periods prior to the Separation is not necessarily representative of the results that we would have achieved as an independent, publicly traded company and may not be a reliable indicator of our future results.
Our historical combined financial information for periods prior to the Separation included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K was derived from our Former Parent’s consolidated financial statements and accounting records and are not necessarily indicative of our future results of operations, financial condition or cash flows, nor do they reflect what our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows would have been as an independent public company during the periods presented.
Our Former Parent continues to perform functions for us, and we continue to perform functions for our Former Parent, on a transitional basis, and as a result we may experience operational disruptions and incur significant costs to perform these functions ourselves following the transition period or be subject to claims and liability.
Prior to the Separation, our Former Parent performed many important corporate functions for us, including information technology, shared services, insurance, logistics, human resources, finance and internal audit. In connection with the Separation, we entered into certain arrangements with our Former Parent pursuant to which we and our Former Parent continue to provide to each other, on an ongoing basis, certain functions and services that the companies have historically shared. Our Former Parent may not successfully execute its obligations to us under these arrangements, and any interruption in the functions or services that are provided to us by our Former Parent pursuant to these arrangements could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. Our Former Parent may also allege that we have failed to perform our obligations to it under these arrangements, which may subject us to claims and liability. In addition, performing our obligations to our Former Parent under these arrangements may also require significant time and resources, and may divert management’s attention from the operation of our business.
In addition, at the end of this transition period, we will need to perform these functions ourselves or hire third parties to perform these functions on our behalf. The costs associated with performing or outsourcing these functions may exceed the amounts reflected in our historical combined financial statements that were incurred as a business segment of our Former Parent. We expect to continue to incur costs to establish the necessary infrastructure and create the systems and services to replace certain of the systems and services that our Former Parent historically provided to us. However, we may not be successful in implementing these systems and services in a timely manner or at all, and we may incur additional costs in connection with, or following, the implementation of these systems and services. A significant increase in the costs of performing or outsourcing these functions could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
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Furthermore, we may experience certain operational disruptions in connection with the Separation as we transition to operating as an independent public company, including information technology disruptions as certain data, software, information technology hardware and other information technology assets and systems are transitioned or re-allocated between us and our Former Parent, or as we implement new systems or upgrades in connection with such transition. In addition, the efforts related to the separation of the information technology environment require significant resources that could impact our ability to keep pace with ongoing advancement of the information technology needs of the business. Our ability to effectively manage and operate our business depends significantly on information technology systems, and any failure, disruption, interruption, malfunction or other issue with respect to such systems could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
In connection with the Separation, our Former Parent has agreed to indemnify us for certain liabilities and we agreed to indemnify it for certain liabilities. If we are required to act under these indemnities to our Former Parent, we may need to divert cash to meet those obligations, which could adversely affect our financial results. Moreover, the indemnity to our Former Parent may not be sufficient to insure us against the full amount of liabilities for which our Former Parent has retained responsibility, and our Former Parent may not be able to satisfy its indemnification obligations to us in the future.
Pursuant to the Separation and Distribution Agreement and other agreements with our Former Parent, our Former Parent agreed to indemnify us for certain liabilities, and we agreed to indemnify it for certain liabilities. Payments that we may be required to provide under indemnities to our Former Parent are not subject to any cap, may be significant and could negatively affect our business, particularly under indemnities relating to our actions that could affect the tax-free nature of the Separation. Third parties could also seek to hold us responsible for the liabilities that our Former Parent has agreed to retain, and under certain circumstances, we may be subject to continuing contingent liabilities of our Former Parent following the Separation that arise relating to the operations of our business during the time that it was a business segment of our Former Parent prior to the Separation, such as certain tax liabilities which relate to periods during which our taxes were reported as a part of our Former Parent; certain liabilities retained by our Former Parent which relate to contracts or other obligations entered into jointly by our business and our Former Parent’s retained business; certain environmental liabilities related to sites at which both we and our Former Parent operated; and certain liabilities arising from third-party claims in respect of contracts in which both we and our Former Parent supply goods or provide services.
Our Former Parent has agreed to indemnify us for such contingent liabilities. While we have no reason to expect that our Former Parent will not be able to support its indemnification obligations to us, we can provide no assurance that our Former Parent will be able to fully satisfy its indemnification obligations or that such indemnity obligations will be sufficient to cover our liabilities for matters which it has agreed to retain, including such contingent liabilities. Moreover, even if we ultimately succeed in recovering from our Former Parent any amounts for which we are indemnified, we may be temporarily required to bear these losses ourselves. Each of these risks could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Some of our directors and officers may have actual or potential conflicts of interest because of their equity ownership in our Former Parent.
Because of their former positions with our Former Parent, some of our directors and executive officers own shares of common stock of our Former Parent or have options to acquire shares of such common stock, and the individual holdings may be significant for some of these individuals compared to their total assets. This ownership may create, or may create the appearance of, conflicts of interest when these directors and officers are faced with decisions that could have different implications for our Former Parent or us. For example, potential conflicts of interest could arise in connection with the resolution of any dispute that may arise between our Former Parent and us regarding the terms of the agreements governing the Separation and the relationship thereafter between the companies.
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If the Separation, together with certain related transactions, do not qualify as transactions that are tax-free for U.S. federal income tax purposes or non-U.S. tax purposes as a result of a breach by us of any covenant or representation made by us in the Tax Matters Agreement (as defined below), we could be subject to significant liability.
It is intended that the Separation, together with certain related transactions, will qualify as a generally tax-free “reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(a)(1)(D) of the Internal Revenue Code (the “Code”) and a generally tax-free distribution within the meaning of Section 355 of the Code. The consummation of the Separation and the related transactions was conditioned upon the receipt of an opinion of certain of our tax advisers to the effect that such transactions will qualify for this intended tax treatment. In addition, it is intended that the Separation transaction generally will qualify as a series of transactions that are tax-free for U.S. federal income tax and applicable non-U.S. tax purposes. The opinion relies on certain representations, assumptions and undertakings, including those relating to the past and future conduct of our business, and the opinion would not be valid if such representations, assumptions and undertakings were incorrect. Notwithstanding the opinion, the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) could determine that the Separation should be treated as a taxable transaction for U.S. federal income tax purposes if it determines that any of the representations, assumptions or undertakings that were relied on for the opinion are false or have been violated, if it disagrees with the conclusions in the opinion, or for other reasons, including as a result of significant changes in the stock ownership of our Former Parent or us after the Separation.
If the Separation or related transactions fail to qualify for tax-free treatment due to a breach by us (or any of our subsidiaries) of any covenant or representation made by us in the Tax Matters Agreement between us and our Former Parent (the “Tax Matters Agreement”), we generally will be required to indemnify our Former Parent for all tax-related losses suffered by it. In addition, we will not control the resolution of any tax contest relating to taxes suffered by our Former Parent in connection with the Separation, and we may not control the resolution of tax contests relating to any other taxes for which we may ultimately have an indemnity obligation under the Tax Matters Agreement. In the event that our Former Parent suffers tax-related losses in connection with the Separation that must be indemnified by us under the Tax Matters Agreement, the indemnification liability could have a material adverse effect on us.
If the Separation fails to qualify for tax-free treatment, for any reason, the Former Parent and/or holders of the Former Parent's common stock would be subject to substantial U.S. and/or applicable non-U.S. taxes as a result of the Separation and certain related transactions, and we could incur significant liabilities under applicable law or as a result of the Tax Matters Agreement.
We are subject to significant restrictions on our actions in order to avoid triggering significant tax-related liabilities.
The Tax Matters Agreement generally prohibits us from taking certain actions that could cause the Separation and certain related transactions to fail to qualify as tax-free transactions, including:
•During the two-year period following the date of the Separation (or otherwise pursuant to a “plan” within the meaning of Section 355(e) of the Code), we may not cause or permit certain business combinations or transactions to occur;
•During the two-year period following the date of the Separation, we may not discontinue the active conduct of our business (within the meaning of Section 355(b)(2) of the Code);
•During the two-year period following the date of the Separation, we may not sell or otherwise issue our common stock, other than pursuant to issuances that satisfy certain regulatory safe harbors set forth in Treasury regulations related to stock issued to employees and retirement plans;
•During the two-year period following the date of the Separation, we may not redeem or otherwise acquire any of our common stock, other than pursuant to open-market repurchases of less than 20% of our outstanding common stock (in the aggregate);
•During the two-year period following the date of the Separation, we may not amend our certificate of incorporation (or other organizational documents) or take any other action, whether through a stockholder vote or otherwise, affecting the voting rights of our common stock; and
•More generally, we may not take any action that could reasonably be expected to cause the Separation and certain related transactions to fail to qualify as tax-free transactions for U.S. federal income tax purposes or for non-U.S. tax purposes.
If we take any of the actions above and such actions result in tax-related losses to our Former Parent, we generally will be required to indemnify it for such tax-related losses under the Tax Matters Agreement. Due to these restrictions and indemnification obligations under the Tax Matters Agreement, we may be limited in our ability to pursue strategic transactions, equity or convertible debt financings or other transactions that may otherwise be in our best interests. Also, our potential indemnity obligation to our Former Parent might discourage, delay or prevent a change of control that our stockholders may consider favorable.
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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS.
None.
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES.
The following table provides the location, use and size of our distribution, corporate and product development facilities as of January 28, 2023:
| Location | Use | Approximate Square Footage | ||||||||||||
| Columbus, Ohio area | Distribution, shipping and corporate offices | 2,945,000 | ||||||||||||
| New York | Office, sourcing and product development/design | 235,000 | ||||||||||||
| Mexico | Distribution and shipping | 185,000 | ||||||||||||
| New Jersey | Distribution and shipping | 126,000 | ||||||||||||
| Kettering, Ohio | Call center | 94,000 | ||||||||||||
| Hong Kong | Office and sourcing | 55,000 | ||||||||||||
| Various other locations | Office and sourcing | 211,000 | ||||||||||||
United States
Within the U.S., our business is principally conducted from office, distribution and shipping facilities located in the Columbus, Ohio, area. Additional facilities are located in New York, New Jersey and Kettering, Ohio.
Our distribution and shipping facilities in the U.S. consist of three buildings located in the Columbus, Ohio, area and one leased building located in New Jersey. These buildings, including attached office space, comprise approximately 3.1 million square feet. The lease on the New Jersey facility expires in 2023.
As of January 28, 2023, we operated 818 retail stores located in leased facilities, primarily in malls and shopping centers, throughout the U.S. A substantial portion of these lease commitments consists of store leases generally with an initial term of 10 years. The store leases expire at various dates between 2023 and 2036.
Typically, when space is leased for a retail store in a mall or shopping center, we supply all improvements, including interior walls, floors, ceilings, fixtures and decorations. The cost of improvements varies widely, depending on the design, size and location of the store. In certain cases, the landlord of the property may provide an allowance to fund all or a portion of the cost of improvements, serving as a lease incentive. Rental terms for new locations usually include a fixed minimum rent plus a percentage of sales in excess of a specified amount. We usually pay certain operating costs such as common area maintenance, utilities, insurance and taxes. For additional information, see Note 9 to the Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements included in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
International
Mexico
We lease an international distribution and shipping facility located in Mexico. This facility comprises approximately 0.2 million square feet. The lease for this facility expires in 2026.
China
We lease offices in Shanghai, Shenzhen and Hong Kong within China. As of January 28, 2023, we operated 59 retail stores in leased facilities in China. These lease commitments consist of store leases with initial terms ranging from 3 to 15 years expiring on various dates between 2023 and 2032.
Canada
As of January 28, 2023, we operated 25 retail stores located in leased facilities, primarily in malls and shopping centers, throughout the Canadian provinces. These lease commitments consist of store leases with initial terms of 5 to 10 years expiring on various dates between 2023 and 2030.
United Kingdom / Ireland
As a result of our joint venture with Next, we no longer operate any stores in the U.K. or Ireland. However, as of January 28, 2023, we continue to lease a store in the U.K., with a lease expiration in 2025, and a store in Ireland, with a lease expiration in 2037, which are sublet to and operated by the joint venture.
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Other International
As of January 28, 2023, we also have global representation through stores operated by our partners:
•321 beauty and accessories stores in 64 countries; and
•135 full assortment stores in 35 countries.
We also operate technology and sourcing-related office facilities in various international locations.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.
We are a defendant in a variety of lawsuits arising in the ordinary course of business. Actions filed against us from time to time include commercial, tort, intellectual property, customer, employment, data privacy, securities and other claims, including purported class action lawsuits. Although it is not possible to predict with certainty the eventual outcome of any litigation, in the opinion of management, our current legal proceedings are not expected to have a material adverse effect on our financial position or results of operations.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES.
Not applicable.
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PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES.
Our common stock is listed on the NYSE under the stock symbol “VSCO.” We began to trade as a standalone public company on August 3, 2021. There was no public trading market for our common stock before August 3, 2021. As of January 28, 2023, there were approximately 25,000 stockholders of record of our common stock. However, including active associates who participate in our stock purchase plan, associates who own shares through our sponsored retirement plans and others holding shares in broker accounts under street names, we estimate our stockholder base to be approximately 141,000.
We have not paid any cash dividends since the Separation. We cannot guarantee that we will pay a dividend in the future or continue to pay any dividends if and when we commence paying dividends. The declaration and amount of any dividends to holders of our common stock will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend upon many factors, including our financial condition, earnings, cash flows, capital requirements of our business, covenants associated with our debt obligations, legal requirements, regulatory constraints, industry practice and any other factors the Board of Directors deems relevant.
The following graph shows the changes, for the period from August 3, 2021 (the first day we began trading on the NYSE) to January 28, 2023, in the value of $100 invested in our common stock, the Standard & Poor’s (“S&P”) 500 Composite Stock Price Index and the S&P 500 Retail Composite Index.
COMPARISON OF 18-MONTH CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN (a)
AMONG VICTORIA'S SECRET & CO., THE S&P 500 INDEX AND THE S&P 500 RETAIL COMPOSITE INDEX
_______________
(a)This table represents $100 invested in stock or in index at the closing price on August 3, 2021, including reinvestment of dividends.
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The following table provides our repurchases of our common stock during the fourth quarter of 2022:
| Period | Total Number of Shares Purchased (a) | Average Price Paid per Share (b) | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Programs | Maximum Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet be Purchased Under the Programs (c) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | (in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| November 2022 | 15 | $ | 38.96 | — | $ | 36,106 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| December 2022 | 476 | 43.80 | 469 | 15,526 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| January 2023 | 431 | 37.91 | 412 | 250,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 922 | 881 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
________________
(a)The total number of shares repurchased includes shares repurchased as part of publicly announced programs, with the remainder relating to shares repurchased in connection with tax payments due upon vesting of employee restricted stock awards and the use of our stock to pay the exercise price on employee stock options.
(b)The average price paid per share includes any broker commissions.
(c)The share repurchase program announced in March 2022 (the “March 2022 Share Repurchase Program”) authorized the purchase of up to $250 million of our common stock in open market transactions, subject to market conditions and other factors. The March 2022 Share Repurchase Program was completed in fiscal year 2022. The share repurchase program announced in January 2023 (the “January 2023 Share Repurchase Program”) authorizes the purchase of up to $250 million of our common stock in open market transactions, subject to market conditions and other factors. The January 2023 Share Repurchase Program will continue until exhausted, but no later than the end of fiscal year 2023. No purchases were made under the January 2023 Share Repurchase Program in fiscal year 2022. For additional share repurchase program information, see Note 18 to the Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements included in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
ITEM 6. RESERVED.
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.
Safe Harbor Statement Under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995
We caution that any forward-looking statements (as such term is defined in the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995) contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K or made by us, our management, or our spokespeople involve risks and uncertainties and are subject to change based on various factors, many of which are beyond our control. Accordingly, our future performance and financial results may differ materially from those expressed or implied in any such forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include, without limitation, statements regarding our future operating results, the implementation and impact of our strategic plans, and our ability to meet environmental, social, and governance goals. Words such as “estimate,” “commit,” “target,” “goal,” “project,” “plan,” “believe,” “seek,” “strive,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “potential” and any similar expressions may identify forward-looking statements. Risks associated with the following factors, among others, could affect our financial performance and cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in any forward-looking statements:
•the spin-off from our Former Parent may not be tax-free for U.S. federal income tax purposes;
•we may not realize all of the expected benefits of the spin-off;
•general economic conditions, inflation, consumer confidence, consumer spending patterns and market disruptions including pandemics or significant health hazards, severe weather conditions, natural disasters, terrorist activities, financial crises, political crises or other major events, or the prospect of these events;
•the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) global pandemic has had and may continue to have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations;
•difficulties arising from turnover in company leadership or other key positions;
•our ability to attract, develop and retain qualified associates and manage labor-related costs;
•our dependence on mall traffic and the availability of suitable store locations on appropriate terms;
•our ability to successfully operate and expand internationally and related risks;
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•our independent franchise, license, wholesale, and joint venture partners;
•our direct channel business;
•our ability to protect our reputation and the image of our brands;
•our ability to attract customers with marketing, advertising and promotional programs;
•the highly competitive nature of the retail industry and the segments in which we operate;
•consumer acceptance of our products and our ability to manage the life cycle of our brands, keep up with fashion trends, develop new merchandise and launch new product lines successfully;
•our ability to realize the potential benefits and synergies sought with the acquisition of Adore Me;
•our ability to source, distribute and sell goods and materials on a global basis, including risks related to:
•political instability, environmental hazards or natural disasters;
•significant health hazards or pandemics;
•legal and regulatory matters;
•delays or disruptions in shipping and transportation and related pricing impacts; and
•disruption due to labor disputes;
•our geographic concentration of vendor and distribution facilities in central Ohio and Southeast Asia;
•the ability of our vendors to deliver products in a timely manner, meet quality standards and comply with applicable laws and regulations;
•fluctuations in freight, product input and energy costs, including those caused by inflation;
•our and our third-party service providers’ ability to implement and maintain information technology systems and to protect associated data and system availability;
•our ability to maintain the security of customer, associate, third-party and company information;
•stock price volatility;
•shareholder activism matters;
•our ability to maintain our credit rating;
•our ability to comply with regulatory requirements; and
•legal, tax, trade and other regulatory matters.
Except as may be required by law, we assume no obligation and do not intend to make publicly available any update or other revisions to any of the forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K to reflect circumstances existing after the date of this report or to reflect the occurrence of future events, even if experience or future events make it clear that any expected results expressed or implied by those forward-looking statements will not be realized. Additional information regarding these and other factors can be found in “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The following discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations are based upon our Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) as codified in the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”). The following information should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and the related notes included in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
Our operating results are generally impacted by economic changes and, therefore, we monitor the retail environment using, among other things, certain key industry performance indicators including competitor performance and mall traffic data. These can provide insight into consumer spending patterns and shopping behavior in the current retail environment and assist us in assessing our performance as well as the potential impact of industry trends on our future operating results. Additionally, we evaluate a number of key performance indicators including comparable sales, gross profit, operating income and other performance metrics such as sales per average selling square foot and inventory per selling square foot in assessing our performance.
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Executive Overview
Victoria’s Secret & Co. is an iconic global brand of women’s intimate and other apparel, personal care and beauty products. We sell our products through three brands, Victoria’s Secret, PINK and Adore Me. Victoria’s Secret is a category-defining global lingerie brand with a leading market position and a rich, over 45-year history of serving women across the globe. PINK is a lifestyle brand for the collegiate-oriented customer, built around a strong intimates core. We also sell beauty products under both the Victoria’s Secret and PINK brands. Adore Me is a technology-led, digital first innovative intimates brand serving women of all sizes and budgets at all phases of life. Together, Victoria’s Secret, PINK, Victoria’s Secret Beauty and Adore Me support, inspire and celebrate women through every phase of their life.
Victoria’s Secret, PINK and Adore Me merchandise is sold online through e-commerce platforms, through retail stores located in the U.S., Canada and China, and through international stores and websites operated by partners under franchise, license, wholesale and joint venture arrangements. We have a presence in approximately 70 countries and we believe we benefit from global brand awareness, a wide and compelling product assortment and a powerful, deep connection with our customers.
We are committed to optimizing our performance by focusing on what is within our control, and we are confident in our strategic growth plan and remain committed to delivering long-term sustainable value for our stockholders.
Impacts of Macroeconomic Environment
Our operations and financial performance have been adversely impacted by deterioration in economic conditions in the United States and globally, which were caused in part by the COVID-19 pandemic. The current macroeconomic environment is characterized by record-high inflation, supply chain challenges, labor shortages, high interest rates, volatility in global capital markets and growing recession risk. Such macroeconomic conditions have and could continue to adversely affect our business, for example, by reducing consumer demand for our products and leading to decreased sales.
Information Technology Impacts of the Separation
Subsequent to the completion of the Separation, we have provided technology services and systems to our Former Parent under the transition services agreements while two independent information technology platforms are being created in support of two independent companies. We have incurred, and expect to continue to incur, costs consisting of internal and external labor, software licensing, networking, security and infrastructure required to separate the current information technology capabilities (systems and infrastructure) in support of two independent companies. We currently estimate that our total incremental expenditures will be at the lower end of our previous estimate of $100 million to $150 million over the transition period, with the majority of costs being incurred by the end of 2023, which is when the separation of our technology systems is expected to be predominately completed. Such estimates are subject to change as our work continues.
Basis of Presentation
Our financial statements for periods through the Separation date of August 2, 2021 are combined financial statements prepared on a “carve-out” basis, which reflects the business as historically managed within the Former Parent. The balance sheets and cash flows for the periods prior to the Separation include only those assets and liabilities directly related to the Victoria’s Secret business, and the statements of income (loss) include the historically reported results of the Victoria’s Secret business along with allocations of a portion of the Former Parent's total corporate expenses. Our financial statements for the period from August 3, 2021 through January 28, 2023 are consolidated financial statements based on our reported results as a standalone company. For additional information on the “carve-out” basis of accounting, see Note 1, “Description of Business, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.”
Growth Strategies
Our goal is to be the world's leading fashion retailer of intimate apparel. Our strategic growth plan is guided by our three key pillars: 1) strengthening our core; 2) igniting growth; and 3) transforming the foundation of our company. We are evolving the positioning of Victoria's Secret and PINK to drive profitable growth and are focused on strengthening the core of our business by leading with a customer-first approach and rewarding customer loyalty, advancing technology to improve and expand the customer experience, delivering best-in-class products across all categories and focusing on being “best at bras”. We will focus on igniting growth through maintaining an innovative product pipeline, evolving our store fleet of the future, and through channel expansion and international growth within existing and new markets. We continue to take actions to transform the foundation of our company by making foundational changes to modernize and make our operating model more efficient to help us deliver long-term sustainable value for our shareholders.
We have a multi-year goal to increase sales and operating income by focusing on these key business priorities:
•Invest in our brands, business and new opportunities to drive growth;
•Continue optimizing the customer experience through elevated and profitable company-operated stores;
•Drive penetration and growth in our digital channel and provide an enhanced omni-channel experience; and
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•Expand our international business.
The following is a discussion regarding certain of our key business priorities.
Invest in our Brands, Business and New Opportunities to Drive Growth
We continue to make significant investments in our iconic brands, our physical and digital business channels, our customer experience and our organizational capabilities in order to support the continued growth of our business. We believe our success is significantly enabled by frequent and innovative product launches, which include bra launches and new beauty fragrances. We are making targeted investments in technology related to our strategic initiatives to drive growth, including our new Victoria's Secret and PINK customer loyalty program, and to maintain our high digital penetration and to expand the omni-channel offering for our customers. We are also working to increase our distribution capacity and efficiency in order to make decisions close to market, deliver orders to customers more quickly and provide the best and widest assortment across product categories and sizes across all channels. Our management team is committed to a diverse and inclusive corporate culture and we have a world class team to support the execution of our growth strategies. Additionally, we will continue to search for new growth opportunities, including new brands we may develop as well as partnerships with existing brands that help us attract new customers and better meet the needs of existing ones.
Continue Optimizing the Customer Experience through Elevated and Profitable Company-Operated Stores
We believe we can further optimize our existing base of stores within North America to continue to deliver an elevated retail experience and to meet our customers’ evolving channel preferences. We believe our stores channel is important to engaging with existing and new customers and, accordingly, see it as a key part of our strategy and focus to provide flexibility and convenience to our customers through omni-channel capabilities. We are investing in our stores through refreshing existing stores and expanding our store of the future concept that will include smaller, more flexible space in off-mall locations with a unique dual-brand layout to meet the needs of our customer and accommodate shifting consumer preferences for omni-channel shopping. We also continue to focus on appropriate space allocation within the store and right-sizing the overall size of the North American stores, which we believe will lead to sales transference to other stores and our digital channel. In addition to our initiatives related to our physical stores, we plan to continue to invest in store talent and labor optimization. These initiatives are designed to increase productivity in our stores measured through improved sales per selling square foot, as well as overall store profitability.
Drive Penetration and Growth in our Digital Channel and Provide an Enhanced Omni-Channel Experience
Investing in our digital channel continues to be a key priority and we believe that our global brands and our scaled retail footprint in North America is a unique platform to grow our digital business. Omni-channel initiatives, including buy online pick-up in store, and an increased focus on mobile and application interactions will continue to provide flexibility and convenience to our customers. Our shopping and services initiatives are aimed at modernizing the customer’s digital shopping experience through features like digital selling guides, virtual try-on, digital appointments, improved checkout performance and alternative payment options. Further, with our customer at the core of our strategy, we are also increasing the personalization of our digital platforms through site experience and marketing designed for our customer. Our ongoing digital investments are designed to create a seamless shopping experience between online and offline and bolster our performance in the digital channel. In addition, we are scaling the distribution capacity of our digital business in order to support our growth and our omni-channel offerings. These strategies are aimed at increasing our digital channel mix and driving margin accretion.
Expand our International Business
Growing our international business is a key strategy. We plan to drive strong sales growth in franchise, travel retail and joint venture-operated stores through continued improved product offerings and adjusting assortments to better reflect local preferences. We plan to increase our international store count, enabled by a new store design, lower costs and flexible store formats, which are designed to provide a pathway to profitable growth. Additionally, we expect to continue investing in and growing the digital components of our international business, including through country-specific web platforms tailored to local languages and preferences and through additional regional expansion. We believe our joint venture partnership we entered into in 2022 with Regina Miracle in China will allow us to grow the China business through joint investment in product development, distribution and marketing, and also positively impacts the speed and agility of the business due to Regina Miracle's established production base in China.
2022 Overview
In 2022, our first full year as an independent, publicly-traded company, we continued to take strategic steps guided by our three key pillars in support of our strategy and positioning for the Company for the long-term.
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Despite a macroeconomic environment that remained challenging for our customers, including ongoing supply chain disruptions and inflationary pressures, we controlled what we could and delivered financial results that we believe demonstrate the stability of our business and progress of our brand repositioning, our domestic market share leadership position in the intimates category, and our new, more agile operating structure that allows us to deliver solid financial results in a challenging environment. Throughout the year, we have been focused on our revolution of our brand and our strategic growth plans, to provide long-term, sustainable value to our shareholders. We completed our acquisition of Adore Me which we believe will strategically position us for growth by allowing us to leverage Adore Me's expertise and technology to continue to improve the Victoria's Secret and PINK customer shopping experience and to accelerate the modernization of our digital platform. In 2022, we invested $250 million to repurchase 6.0 million shares of our common stock, and in January 2023, we announced a new share repurchase program providing for the repurchase of up to $250 million of our common stock.
In 2022, net sales decreased $441 million, or 6%, to $6.344 billion compared to $6.785 billion in 2021. Our North American store sales decreased 7%, or $285 million, to $3.909 billion compared to $4.194 billion in 2021, as an increase in traffic was more than offset by a decrease in conversion (which we define as the percentage of customers who visit our stores and make a purchase) and average unit retail (which we define as the average price per unit purchased). Our direct channel sales decreased by 13%, or $271 million, to $1.843 billion compared to $2.114 billion in 2021, primarily due to a decrease in average unit retail, traffic and conversion. Operating income for the full year decreased to $478 million compared to operating income of $870 million in 2021, and our operating income rate decreased to 7.5% compared to 12.8% last year. The operating income decrease in 2022 was primarily driven by a decrease in net sales and merchandise margin rate, and was partially offset by a decrease in general, administrative and store operating expenses.
For additional information related to our 2022 financial performance, see “Results of Operations – 2022 Compared to 2021.” For a discussion of our financial condition and results of operations for 2021 compared to 2020, refer to “Part II, Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 29, 2022, filed with the SEC on March 18, 2022.
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Non-GAAP Financial Information
In addition to our results provided in accordance with GAAP above and throughout this Annual Report on Form 10-K, provided below are non-GAAP financial measures which present adjusted operating income, adjusted net income attributable to Victoria's Secret & Co. and adjusted net income per diluted share attributable to Victoria's Secret & Co. in 2022, 2021 and 2020, which exclude the impact of certain items. We believe the presentation of these non-GAAP financial measures is useful for an assessment of our ongoing operations, and that the adjustments are not indicative of our ongoing operations due to their size and nature. We use non-GAAP financial information as key performance measures of results of operations for the purpose of evaluating performance internally. These non-GAAP measurements are not intended to replace the presentation of our financial results in accordance with GAAP. Instead, we believe that the presentation of non-GAAP financial information provides additional information to investors to facilitate the comparison of past and present operations. Further, our definition of non-GAAP financial measures may differ from similarly titled measures used by other companies. Non-GAAP financial measures should not be used exclusively in evaluating our business or operations. The table below reconciles the non-GAAP financial measures to its most directly comparable GAAP financial measures.
| (in millions, except per share amounts) | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||
| Reconciliation of Reported to Adjusted Operating Income (Loss) | |||||||||||||||||
| Reported Operating Income (Loss) — GAAP | $ | 478 | $ | 870 | $ | (101) | |||||||||||
| Occupancy-related Legal Matter (a) | 22 | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Restructuring Charges (b) | 35 | — | 51 | ||||||||||||||
| Happy Nation Restructuring Charge (c) | 16 | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Adore Me Acquisition Transaction Costs (d) | 15 | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Asset Impairments (e) | — | — | 214 | ||||||||||||||
| Hong Kong Store Closure and Lease Termination (f) | — | — | (36) | ||||||||||||||
| Establishment of U.K. and Ireland Joint Venture (g) | — | — | (30) | ||||||||||||||
| Adjusted Operating Income | $ | 566 | $ | 870 | $ | 98 | |||||||||||
| Reconciliation of Reported to Adjusted Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Victoria's Secret & Co. | |||||||||||||||||
| Reported Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Victoria's Secret & Co. — GAAP | $ | 348 | $ | 646 | $ | (72) | |||||||||||
| Occupancy-related Legal Matter (a) | 22 | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Restructuring Charges (b) | 35 | — | 51 | ||||||||||||||
| Happy Nation Restructuring Charge (c) | 16 | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Adore Me Acquisition Transaction Costs (d) | 15 | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Asset Impairments (e) | — | — | 214 | ||||||||||||||
| Hong Kong Store Closure and Lease Termination (f) | — | — | (36) | ||||||||||||||
| Establishment of U.K. and Ireland Joint Venture (g) | — | — | (30) | ||||||||||||||
| Tax Effect of Adjusted Items | (20) | — | (40) | ||||||||||||||
| Tax Benefit related to a Tax Matter Associated with Foreign Investments (h) | — | — | (44) | ||||||||||||||
| Adjusted Net Income Attributable to Victoria's Secret & Co. | $ | 416 | $ | 646 | $ | 43 | |||||||||||
| Reconciliation of Reported to Adjusted Net Income (Loss) Per Diluted Share Attributable to Victoria's Secret & Co. | |||||||||||||||||
| Reported Net Income (Loss) Per Diluted Share Attributable to Victoria's Secret & Co. — GAAP | $ | 4.14 | $ | 7.18 | $ | (0.82) | |||||||||||
| Occupancy-related Legal Matter (a) | 0.19 | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Restructuring Charges (b) | 0.31 | — | 0.46 | ||||||||||||||
| Happy Nation Restructuring Charge (c) | 0.14 | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Adore Me Acquisition Transaction Costs (d) | 0.16 | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Asset Impairments (e) | — | — | 1.93 | ||||||||||||||
| Hong Kong Store Closure and Lease Termination (f) | — | — | (0.28) | ||||||||||||||
| Establishment of U.K. and Ireland Joint Venture (g) | — | — | (0.31) | ||||||||||||||
| Tax Benefit related to a Tax Matter Associated with Foreign Investments (h) | — | — | (0.49) | ||||||||||||||
| Adjusted Net Income Per Diluted Share Attributable to Victoria's Secret & Co. | $ | 4.95 | $ | 7.18 | $ | 0.49 | |||||||||||
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(a)In the first quarter of 2022, we recognized a pre-tax charge of $22 million ($16 million after-tax), included in buying and occupancy expense, related to a legal matter with a landlord regarding a high-profile store that we surrendered to the landlord prior to the Separation. For additional information, see Note 16, “Commitments and Contingencies” included in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
(b)In the second quarter of 2022, we recognized a pre-tax charge of $29 million ($22 million after-tax), $16 million included in general, administrative and store operating expense and $13 million included in buying and occupancy expense, related to restructuring activities to reorganize our leadership structure. In the fourth quarter of 2022, we recognized a pre-tax charge of $6 million ($4 million after-tax), $5 million included in general, administrative and store operating expense and $1 million included in buying and occupancy expense, related to restructuring activities to continue to reorganize and improve our organizational structure. In the second quarter of 2020, we recognized pre-tax severance charges of $51 million ($40 million after-tax) related to headcount reductions as a result of restructuring activities. For additional information, see Note 6, “Restructuring Activities” included in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
(c)In the fourth quarter of 2022, we recognized a $16 million charge ($12 million after-tax), $15 million included in costs of goods sold, buying and occupancy expense and $1 million included in general, administrative and store operating expense, for inventory and other costs related to restructuring actions associated with Happy Nation.
(d)In the fourth quarter of 2022, we recognized a $15 million charge ($14 million after-tax), included in general, administrative and store operating expense, related to professional services and other transaction-related costs associated with the acquisition of Adore Me. For additional information, see Note 2, “Acquisition” included in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
(e)We recognized pre-tax impairment charges of $97 million ($72 million after-tax) and $117 million ($99 million after-tax) related to certain store and lease assets in the first and second quarter of 2020, respectively. For additional information, see Note 8, “Long-Lived Assets” included in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
(f)In the second quarter of 2020, we recognized a net pre-tax gain of $36 million ($25 million after-tax) related to the closure and termination of our lease for the Hong Kong flagship store. For additional information, see Note 9, “Leases” included in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
(g)In the third quarter of 2020, we recognized a pre-tax gain of $30 million ($27 million after-tax) related to the establishment of a joint venture for the U.K. and Ireland business with Next. For additional information, see Note 6, “Restructuring Activities” included in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
(h)In the third quarter of 2020, we recognized a $44 million tax benefit related to a tax matter associated with foreign investments.
Company-Operated Store Data
The following table compares 2022 U.S. company-operated store data to the comparable periods for 2021 and 2020:
| % Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales per Average Selling Square Foot (a) | $ | 658 | $ | 697 | $ | 415 | (6 | %) | 68 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Sales per Average Store (in thousands) (a) | $ | 4,558 | $ | 4,835 | $ | 2,789 | (6 | %) | 73 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Average Store Size (selling square feet) | 6,918 | 6,942 | 6,928 | — | % | — | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Selling Square Feet (in thousands) | 5,617 | 5,609 | 5,861 | — | % | (4 | %) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
________________
(a)Sales per average selling square foot and sales per average store, which are indicators of store productivity, are calculated based on store sales for the period divided by the average, including the beginning and end of period, of total square footage and store count, respectively. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, all our stores in the U.S. were closed on March 17, 2020 with the majority having re-opened as of the beginning of the third quarter of 2020. As a result, comparisons of year-over-year trends are not a meaningful way to discuss our operating results for the periods impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic.
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The following table represents store data for 2022:
| Stores at | Reclassed to | Stores at | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| January 29, 2022 | Opened | Closed | Acquired (b) | Joint Venture | January 28, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Company-Operated: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. | 808 | 16 | (12) | — | — | 812 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Canada | 26 | — | (1) | — | — | 25 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subtotal Company-Operated | 834 | 16 | (13) | — | — | 837 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| China Joint Venture: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beauty & Accessories (a) | 35 | 6 | (10) | — | 8 | 39 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Full Assortment | 30 | 4 | (1) | — | — | 33 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subtotal China Joint Venture | 65 | 10 | (11) | — | 8 | 72 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Partner-Operated: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beauty & Accessories | 335 | 20 | (39) | — | (8) | 308 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Full Assortment | 128 | 21 | (14) | — | — | 135 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subtotal Partner-Operated | 463 | 41 | (53) | — | (8) | 443 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adore Me | — | — | — | 6 | — | 6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 1,362 | 67 | (77) | 6 | — | 1,358 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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(a) Includes thirteen partner-operated stores at January 28, 2023.
(b) For additional information, see Note 2, “Acquisition” included in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
The following table represents store data for 2021:
| Stores at | Stores at | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| January 30, 2021 | Opened | Closed | January 29, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Company-Operated: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. | 846 | — | (38) | 808 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Canada | 25 | 1 | — | 26 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| China — Beauty & Accessories | 36 | 2 | (3) | 35 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| China — Full Assortment | 26 | 4 | — | 30 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subtotal Company-Operated | 933 | 7 | (41) | 899 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Partner-Operated: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beauty & Accessories | 338 | 16 | (19) | 335 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Full Assortment | 120 | 8 | — | 128 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subtotal Partner-Operated | 458 | 24 | (19) | 463 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 1,391 | 31 | (60) | 1,362 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The following table represents store data for 2020:
| Stores at | Transferred to | Stores at | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| February 1, 2020 | Opened | Closed | Joint Venture (a) | January 30, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Company-Operated: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. | 1,053 | 21 | (228) | — | 846 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Canada | 38 | — | (13) | — | 25 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.K. / Ireland | 26 | — | — | (26) | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| China — Beauty & Accessories | 41 | 1 | (6) | — | 36 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| China — Full Assortment | 23 | 4 | (1) | — | 26 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subtotal Company-Operated | 1,181 | 26 | (248) | (26) | 933 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Partner-Operated: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beauty & Accessories | 360 | 8 | (30) | — | 338 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Full Assortment | 84 | 12 | (2) | 26 | 120 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subtotal Partner-Operated | 444 | 20 | (32) | 26 | 458 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 1,625 | 46 | (280) | — | 1,391 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
_______________
(a) For additional information, see Note 6, “Restructuring Activities” included in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
Results of Operations — 2022 Compared to 2021
The following information summarizes our results of operations for 2022 compared to 2021.
Operating Income
For 2022, operating income decreased $392 million, to $478 million, compared to operating income of $870 million in 2021, and the operating income rate (expressed as a percentage of net sales) decreased to 7.5% from 12.8%. The drivers of the operating income results are discussed in the following sections.
Net Sales
The following table provides net sales for 2022 in comparison to 2021:
| 2022 | 2021 | % Change | |||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| Stores — North America | $ | 3,909 | $ | 4,194 | (7 | %) | |||||||||||
| Direct | 1,843 | 2,114 | (13 | %) | |||||||||||||
| International (a) | 592 | 477 | 24 | % | |||||||||||||
| Total Net Sales | $ | 6,344 | $ | 6,785 | (6 | %) | |||||||||||
________________
(a)Results include consolidated joint venture sales in China, royalties associated with franchised stores and wholesale sales.
The following table provides a reconciliation of net sales from 2021 to 2022:
| (in millions) | |||||
| 2021 Net Sales | $ | 6,785 | |||
| Comparable Store Sales | (271) | ||||
| Sales Associated with New, Closed and Non-comparable Remodeled Stores, Net | (25) | ||||
| Direct Channels | (234) | ||||
| Credit Card Programs | (9) | ||||
| International Wholesale, Royalty and Other | 111 | ||||
| Foreign Currency Translation | (13) | ||||
| 2022 Net Sales | $ | 6,344 | |||
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The following table compares 2022 comparable sales to 2021:
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| Comparable Sales (Stores and Direct) (a) | (8 | %) | 3 | % | |||||||
| Comparable Store Sales (a) | (7 | %) | 10 | % | |||||||
________________
(a)The percentage change in comparable sales represents direct and comparable store sales. The percentage change in comparable store sales represents the change in sales at comparable stores only and excludes the change in sales from our direct channel. The change in comparable sales provides an indication of period over period growth (decline). A store is typically included in the calculation of comparable sales when it has been open 12 months or more and it has not had a change in selling square footage of 20% or more. Closed stores are excluded from the comparable sales calculation if they have been closed for four consecutive days or more. Upon re-opening, the stores are included in the calculation. Therefore, comparable sales results exclude the closure period of stores that were closed for four consecutive days or more as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, stores are excluded if total selling square footage in the mall changes by 20% or more through the opening or closing of a second store. The percentage change in comparable sales is calculated on a comparable calendar period as opposed to a fiscal basis. Comparable sales attributable to our international stores are calculated on a constant currency basis.
Net sales in 2022 decreased $441 million, or 6%, to $6.344 billion compared to $6.785 billion in 2021.
In the stores channel for 2022, our North America net sales decreased $285 million, or 7%, to $3.909 billion, as an increase in traffic was more than offset by a decrease in conversion and average unit retail. Net sales in stores outside of North America increased in 2022 compared to 2021 driven by fewer COVID-19-related restrictions this year impacting international travel and traffic in our stores.
In the direct channel, net sales decreased $271 million, or 13%, to $1.843 billion, primarily due to a decrease in average unit retail, traffic and conversion.
Gross Profit
For 2022, our gross profit decreased $502 million to $2.258 billion, and our gross profit rate (expressed as a percentage of net sales) decreased to 35.6% from 40.7%.
For 2022, the gross profit decrease was primarily due to the decrease in merchandise margin dollars related to the decrease in net sales, increased promotional activity driven by the challenging economic environment during the last three quarters of the year and incremental supply chain and inflationary cost pressures in 2022 compared to last year. Partially offsetting these decreases was lower buying and occupancy expenses this year compared to last year driven by lower management compensation expense and lower depreciation expense.
The gross profit rate decrease was driven by a decrease in the merchandise margin rate reflecting the increased promotional activity, buying and occupancy deleverage on the decline in sales and the net impact of supply chain and inflationary cost pressures, partially offset by the lower management compensation expense and lower depreciation expense.
General, Administrative and Store Operating Expenses
For 2022, our general, administrative and store operating expenses decreased $110 million to $1.780 billion primarily due to lower store selling expenses driven by improvement in our labor model and our ongoing disciplined expense management initiatives, as well as lower management compensation expense. These decreases were partially offset by $21 million of restructuring charges in 2022 and $15 million of professional services and other transaction-related costs associated with the acquisition of Adore Me.
The general, administrative and store operating expense rate (expressed as a percentage of net sales) increased to 28.1% from 27.9% due to slight deleverage driven by the decrease in net sales.
Interest Expense
For 2022, our interest expense increased $33 million to $60 million compared to 2021, primarily driven by the increase in our outstanding debt due to the issuance of the 2029 Notes and the Term Loan Facility that we entered into upon the Separation in August 2021 and due to the borrowings from the ABL Facility during 2022.
Provision for Income Taxes
For 2022, our effective tax rate was 19.0% compared to 23.3% in 2021. The effective tax rate for both years was lower than the Company's combined estimated federal and state statutory rate primarily due to the recognition of excess tax benefits related to share-based compensation awards that vested in the respective periods.
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FINANCIAL CONDITION
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Liquidity, or access to cash, is an important factor in determining our financial stability. We are committed to maintaining adequate liquidity. Cash generated from our operating activities provides the primary resources to support current operations, growth initiatives, seasonal funding requirements and capital expenditures. Our cash provided from operations is impacted by our net income (loss) and working capital changes. Our net income (loss) is impacted by, among other things, sales volume, seasonal sales patterns, success of new product introductions, profit margins and income taxes. Historically, sales are higher during the fourth quarter of the fiscal year due to seasonal and holiday-related sales patterns. Generally, our need for working capital peaks during the summer and fall months as inventory builds in anticipation of the holiday period.
Prior to the Separation, we generated annual cash flow from operating activities. However, we were operating within the Former Parent's cash management structure, which used a centralized approach to cash management and financing of our operations. As a result, a substantial portion of our cash was transferred to the Former Parent. This arrangement was not reflective of the manner in which we would have financed our operations had we been an independent, publicly traded company during the periods presented prior to the Separation.
The cash and cash equivalents held by the Former Parent at the corporate level prior to the Separation were not specifically identifiable to us and, therefore, were not reflected in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Former Parent's third-party long-term debt and the related interest expense were not allocated to us for any of the periods presented prior to the Separation as we were not the legal obligor of such debt.
Following the Separation from the Former Parent, our capital structure and sources of liquidity changed from the historical capital structure because we no longer participate in the Former Parent's centralized cash management program. Our ability to fund our operating needs is primarily dependent upon our ability to continue to generate positive cash flow from operations, as well as borrowing capacity under our senior secured asset-based revolving credit facility (the “ABL Facility”), which we rely on to supplement cash generated by our operating activities, particularly when our need for working capital peaks in the summer and fall months as discussed above. Management believes that our cash balances and funds provided by operating activities, along with the borrowing capacity under our ABL Facility, taken as a whole, provide (i) adequate liquidity to meet all of our current and long-term obligations when due, including third-party debt that we incurred in connection with the Separation, (ii) adequate liquidity to fund capital expenditures, and (iii) flexibility to meet investment opportunities that may arise. However, certain investment opportunities may require us to seek additional debt or equity financing, and there can be no assurances that we will be able to obtain additional debt or equity financing on acceptable terms, if at all, in the future.
We expect to utilize our cash flows to continue to invest in our brands, talent and capabilities, and growth strategies as well as to fund our share repurchase programs and to repay our indebtedness over time. We believe that our available short-term and long-term capital resources are sufficient to fund requirements over the next 12 months.
Working Capital and Capitalization
Prior to the Separation, we generated annual cash flow from operating activities to support our working capital needs. However, we were operating within the Former Parent’s cash management structure, which used a centralized approach to cash management and financing of our operations. As a result, a substantial portion of our cash was transferred to the Former Parent. This arrangement was not reflective of the manner in which we would have financed our operations had we been an independent, publicly traded company during the periods presented prior to the Separation. Based upon our cash balances and funds provided by operating activities, along with the borrowing capacity under our ABL Facility, we believe we will be able to continue to meet our working capital needs.
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The following table provides a summary of our working capital position and capitalization for the periods post-Separation as of January 28, 2023 and January 29, 2022:
| January 28, 2023 | January 29, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities | $ | 437 | $ | 851 | |||||||||||||
| Capital Expenditures | 164 | 169 | |||||||||||||||
| Working Capital | 158 | (7) | |||||||||||||||
| Capitalization: | |||||||||||||||||
| Long-term Debt | 1,271 | 978 | |||||||||||||||
| Victoria's Secret & Co. Shareholders’ Equity | 383 | 257 | |||||||||||||||
| Total Capitalization | $ | 1,654 | $ | 1,235 | |||||||||||||
| Amounts Available Under the ABL Facility (a) | $ | 259 | $ | 523 | |||||||||||||
________________
(a)For the reporting period ending January 28, 2023, the availability under the ABL Facility was limited by our borrowing base of $596 million, less outstanding borrowings of $295 million and letters of credit of $42 million. For the reporting period ending January 29, 2022, the availability was limited by our borrowing base of $564 million, less outstanding letters of credit of $41 million. There were no borrowings outstanding under the ABL Facility as of January 29, 2022.
The following table provides certain measures of liquidity and capital resources for the periods post-Separation as of January 28, 2023 and January 29, 2022:
| January 28, 2023 | January 29, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||
| Debt-to-capitalization Ratio (a) | 77 | % | 79 | % | |||||||||||||
| Operating Cash Flow to Capital Expenditures | 266 | % | 504 | % | |||||||||||||
(a)Long-term debt divided by total capitalization.
Cash Flow
The following table provides a summary of our cash flow activity for the fiscal years ended January 28, 2023, January 29, 2022 and January 30, 2021:
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| Cash and Cash Equivalents, Beginning of Year | $ | 490 | $ | 335 | $ | 245 | |||||||||||
| Net Cash Flows Provided by Operating Activities | 437 | 851 | 674 | ||||||||||||||
| Net Cash Flows Used for Investing Activities | (555) | (169) | (123) | ||||||||||||||
| Net Cash Flows Provided by (Used for) Financing Activities | 58 | (527) | (465) | ||||||||||||||
| Effects of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash and Cash Equivalents | (3) | — | 4 | ||||||||||||||
| Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents | (63) | 155 | 90 | ||||||||||||||
| Cash and Cash Equivalents, End of Year | $ | 427 | $ | 490 | $ | 335 | |||||||||||
Operating Activities
Net cash provided by operating activities reflects net income adjusted for non-cash items, including depreciation, share-based compensation expense and deferred tax expense, as well as changes in working capital. Net cash provided by operating activities in 2022 was $437 million, a decrease of $414 million compared to 2021. The decrease in net cash from operating activities in 2022 was primarily driven by lower net income and higher cash outflows associated with working capital changes. The most significant working capital driver resulting in the decrease in operating cash flows this year compared to last year is driven by payments related to the increased inventory levels throughout this year compared to last year. The increased inventory levels this year were primarily driven by modal mix changes and longer in-transit shipment times which we began to experience in the third and fourth quarter of 2021. The other significant working capital driver resulting in the decrease in operating cash flows this year is related to income taxes paid of $161 million in 2022 as compared to $56 million paid in 2021. In 2021, the income tax provision assumed the utilization of certain tax benefits that only existed on a “carve-out” basis from the Former Parent.
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Investing Activities
Net cash used for investing activities in 2022 was $555 million, consisting primarily of our $369 million cash payment, net of cash acquired, in connection with the Adore Me acquisition and capital expenditures of $164 million. The capital expenditures were primarily related to our store capital program, along with investments in technology, distribution and logistics to support our retail capabilities.
Net cash used for investing activities in 2021 was $169 million for capital expenditures. The capital expenditures were primarily related to our store refresh program and spending on technology and logistics to support our digital business and other retail capabilities.
We are estimating 2023 capital expenditures to be approximately $275 million. We are investing in our store capital program along with investments in technology related to our strategic initiatives to drive growth and technology investments relating to the Separation activities.
Financing Activities
Net cash provided by financing activities in 2022 was $58 million, consisting primarily of borrowings of $295 million from the ABL Facility and $55 million of cash received from Regina Miracle in connection with the joint venture agreement completed in the first quarter of 2022. Those proceeds were partially offset by $250 million of share repurchases and $42 million of payments for taxes on share-based compensation awards.
Net cash used for financing activities in 2021 was $527 million consisting primarily of net transfers to the Former Parent of $1.253 billion and $250 million for the accelerated share repurchase program, partially offset by $982 million of net proceeds from the issuance of long-term debt.
Common Stock Share Repurchases & Treasury Stock Retirements
Our Board of Directors determines share repurchase authorizations, giving consideration to our levels of profit and cash flow, capital requirements, current and forecasted liquidity, the restrictions placed upon us by our borrowing arrangements and the Tax Matters Agreement with the Former Parent, as well as financial and other conditions existing at the time. We use cash flow generated from operating activities to fund our share repurchase programs. The timing and amount of any repurchases will be made at our discretion, taking into account a number of factors, including market conditions.
January 2023 Share Repurchase Program
In January 2023, our Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program (“January 2023 Share Repurchase Program”), authorizing the repurchase of up to $250 million of our common stock. The $250 million authorization is expected to be utilized to repurchase shares in the open market, subject to market conditions and other factors. Shares acquired through the January 2023 Share Repurchase Program will be available to meet obligations under equity compensation plans and for general corporate purposes. The January 2023 Share Repurchase Program began upon completion of the March 2022 Share Repurchase Program and will continue until exhausted, but no later than the end of fiscal year 2023. We did not repurchase any shares of our common stock under the January 2023 Share Repurchase Program during fiscal year 2022.
Subsequent to the end of fiscal year 2022, we entered into an accelerated share repurchase agreement (“ASR Agreement”) with Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC (“Goldman Sachs”) to repurchase $125 million of our common stock. In February 2023, we made an initial payment of $125 million to Goldman Sachs and received an initial delivery of 2.4 million shares of our common stock. The final number of shares to be repurchased will be based on the volume-weighted average price of our common stock during the term of the ASR Agreement, less a discount and subject to adjustments pursuant to the terms of the ASR Agreement. The final settlement of the ASR Agreement is expected to be completed in the second quarter of 2023. The ASR Agreement is a component of the January 2023 Share Repurchase Program.
March 2022 Share Repurchase Program
In March 2022, our Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program (“March 2022 Share Repurchase Program”), providing for the repurchase of up to $250 million of our common stock. The full $250 million authorization was utilized in fiscal year 2022 to repurchase shares in the open market, subject to market conditions and other factors.
We repurchased the following shares of our common stock under the March 2022 Share Repurchase Program during 2022:
| Amount Authorized | Shares Repurchased | Amount Repurchased | Average Stock Price | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | (in thousands) | (in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| March 2022 Share Repurchase Program | $ | 250 | 5,985 | $ | 250 | $ | 41.77 | ||||||||||||||||
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In accordance with the Board of Directors' resolution, shares of our common stock repurchased under the March 2022 Share Repurchase Program were retired upon repurchase and were available to meet obligations under equity compensation plans and for general corporate purposes. As a result, we retired all the shares repurchased under the March 2022 Share Repurchase Program during 2022, which resulted in reductions of less than $1 million in the par value of Common Stock, $12 million in Paid-in Capital and $238 million in Retained Earnings.
December 2021 ASR Agreement
In December 2021, we entered into an accelerated share repurchase agreement (“December 2021 ASR Agreement”) with Goldman Sachs to repurchase $250 million of our common stock. In December 2021, we made an initial payment of $250 million to Goldman Sachs and received an initial delivery of 4.1 million shares of our common stock. The $250 million payment to Goldman Sachs was recognized as a reduction to shareholders’ equity, consisting of a $200 million increase in Treasury Stock, which reflects the value of the initial 4.1 million shares received upon initial settlement, and a $50 million decrease in Paid-in Capital, which reflects the value of the stock held back by Goldman Sachs pending final settlement of the December 2021 ASR Agreement. In accordance with the Board of Directors' resolution, we immediately retired the 4.1 million shares repurchased under the December 2021 ASR Agreement. The retirement resulted in a reduction of $200 million in Treasury Stock, less than $1 million in the par value of Common Stock, $8 million in Paid-in Capital and $192 million in Retained Earnings.
In February 2022, upon final settlement of the December 2021 ASR Agreement, we received an additional 0.3 million shares of our common stock from Goldman Sachs. The final number of shares received under the December 2021 ASR Agreement was based on the daily average of the volume-weighted average share price of our common stock over the term of the December 2021 ASR Agreement, less a discount and subject to other adjustments pursuant to the terms of the December 2021 ASR Agreement. The delivery of shares resulted in an immediate reduction of the outstanding shares used to calculate the weighted-average common shares outstanding for basic and diluted net income per share. In connection with the settlement of the December 2021 ASR Agreement, $50 million previously recorded in Paid-in Capital as of January 29, 2022, was reclassified to Treasury Stock in the first quarter of 2022. In February 2022, we immediately retired the additional 0.3 million shares repurchased in connection with the settlement of the December 2021 ASR Agreement. The retirement resulted in a reduction of $50 million in Treasury Stock, less than $1 million in the par value of Common Stock, less than $1 million in Paid-in Capital and nearly $50 million in Retained Earnings.
Dividend Policy and Procedures
We have not paid any cash dividends since the Separation. We cannot guarantee that we will pay a dividend in the future or continue to pay any dividends if and when we commence paying dividends. The declaration and amount of any dividends to holders of our common stock will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend upon many factors, including our financial condition, earnings, cash flows, capital requirements of our business, covenants associated with our debt obligations, legal requirements, regulatory constraints, industry practice and any other factors the Board of Directors deems relevant. We would use cash flow generated from operating and financing activities to fund our dividends.
Long-term Debt and Borrowing Facilities
The following table provides our outstanding debt balance, net of unamortized debt issuance costs and discounts, as of January 28, 2023 and January 29, 2022:
| January 28, 2023 | January 29, 2022 | ||||||||||
| (in millions) | |||||||||||
| Senior Secured Debt with Subsidiary Guarantee | |||||||||||
| $395 million Term Loan due August 2028 (“Term Loan Facility”) | $ | 387 | $ | 390 | |||||||
| Asset-based Revolving Credit Facility due August 2026 (“ABL Facility”) | 295 | — | |||||||||
| Total Senior Secured Debt with Subsidiary Guarantee | 682 | 390 | |||||||||
| Senior Debt with Subsidiary Guarantee | |||||||||||
| $600 million, 4.625% Fixed Interest Rate Notes due July 2029 (“2029 Notes”) | 593 | 592 | |||||||||
| Total Senior Debt with Subsidiary Guarantee | 593 | 592 | |||||||||
| Total | 1,275 | 982 | |||||||||
| Current Debt | (4) | (4) | |||||||||
| Total Long-term Debt, Net of Current Portion | $ | 1,271 | $ | 978 | |||||||
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Cash paid for interest was $52 million and $18 million in 2022 and 2021, respectively. There was no cash paid for interest in 2020.
Issuance of Notes
In July 2021, we issued $600 million of 4.625% notes due in July 2029 in a transaction exempt from registration under the Securities Act. The obligation to pay principal and interest on the 2029 Notes is jointly and severally guaranteed on a full and unconditional basis by certain of our wholly-owned subsidiaries.
On August 2, 2021, we used cash proceeds of $592 million, which were net of issuance costs of $8 million, from the 2029 Notes, to partially fund the approximately $976 million cash payment to the Former Parent in connection with the Separation. The issuance costs are being amortized through the maturity date and are included within Long-term Debt on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Credit Facilities
On August 2, 2021, we entered into a term loan B credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of $400 million, which will mature in August 2028. Commencing in December 2021, we are required to make quarterly principal payments on the Term Loan Facility in an amount equal to 0.25% of the original principal amount of $400 million. We made principal payments of $4 million and $1 million for the Term Loan Facility during 2022 and 2021, respectively.
Interest under the Term Loan Facility is calculated by reference to the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) or an alternative base rate, plus an interest rate margin equal to (i) in the case of LIBOR loans, 3.25% and (ii) in the case of alternate base rate loans, 2.25%. The LIBOR rate applicable to the Term Loan Facility is subject to a floor of 0.50%. The obligation to pay principal and interest on the loans under the Term Loan Facility is jointly and severally guaranteed on a full and unconditional basis by certain of our wholly-owned domestic subsidiaries. The loans under the Term Loan Facility are secured on a first-priority lien basis by certain assets of ours and guarantors that do not constitute priority collateral of the ABL Facility and on a second-priority lien basis by priority collateral of the ABL Facility, subject to customary exceptions. As of January 28, 2023, the interest rate on loans under the Term Loan Facility was 7.98%.
On August 2, 2021, we also entered into a senior secured asset-based revolving credit facility. The ABL Facility allows for borrowings and letters of credit in U.S. dollars or Canadian dollars, and has aggregate commitments of $750 million and an expiration date of August 2026. The availability under the ABL Facility is the lesser of (i) the borrowing base, determined primarily based on our eligible U.S. and Canadian credit card receivables, eligible accounts receivable, eligible inventory and eligible real property, and (ii) the aggregate commitment. Interest on the loans under the ABL Facility is calculated by reference to (i) LIBOR or an alternative base rate and (ii) in the case of loans denominated in Canadian dollars, Canadian Dollar Offered Rate (“CDOR”) or a Canadian base rate, plus an interest rate margin based on average daily excess availability ranging from (x) in the case of LIBOR and CDOR loans, 1.50% to 2.00% and (y) in the case of alternate base rate loans and Canadian base rate loans, 0.50% to 1.00%. Unused commitments under the ABL Facility accrue an unused commitment fee ranging from 0.25% to 0.30%. The obligation to pay principal and interest on the loans under the ABL Facility is jointly and severally guaranteed on a full and unconditional basis by certain of our wholly-owned domestic and Canadian subsidiaries. The loans under the ABL Facility are secured on a first-priority lien basis by our eligible U.S. and Canadian credit card receivables, eligible accounts receivable, eligible inventory and eligible real property and on a second-priority lien basis on substantially all other assets of ours, subject to customary exceptions.
During 2022, we borrowed $295 million from the ABL Facility, all of which remains outstanding as of January 28, 2023. As of January 28, 2023, the interest rate on the borrowings from the ABL Facility was 5.90%. We had $42 million of outstanding letters of credit as of January 28, 2023 that further reduced our availability under the ABL Facility. As of January 28, 2023, our remaining availability under the ABL Facility was $259 million.
On August 2, 2021, we used the net cash proceeds from the credit facilities of $384 million, which were net of issuance and financing costs of $10 million for the Term Loan Facility and $6 million for the ABL Facility, to partially fund the approximately $976 million cash payment to the Former Parent in connection with the Separation. The discounts and issuance costs from the Term Loan Facility are being amortized through the maturity date and are included within Long-term Debt on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Our long-term debt and borrowing facilities contain certain financial and other covenants, including, but not limited to, the maintenance of financial ratios. The 2029 Notes and the Term Loan Facility include the maintenance of a consolidated coverage ratio and a consolidated total leverage ratio, and the ABL Facility includes the maintenance of a fixed charge coverage ratio and a debt to earnings before interest, income taxes, depreciation, amortization and rent (“EBITDAR”) ratio. The financial covenants could, within specific predefined circumstances, limit our ability to incur additional indebtedness, make certain investments, pay dividends or repurchase shares. As of January 28, 2023, we were in compliance with all covenants under our long-term debt and borrowing facilities.
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Foreign Facilities
Certain of our China subsidiaries previously utilized revolving and term loan bank facilities to support their operations (the “Foreign Facilities”). The Foreign Facilities allowed borrowings in U.S. dollars and Chinese Yuan, and interest rates on outstanding borrowings were based upon the applicable benchmark rate for the currency of each borrowing.
Certain of these facilities were guaranteed by the Former Parent and certain of the Former Parent's wholly-owned subsidiaries (the “Secured Foreign Facilities”). The Secured Foreign Facilities allowed for borrowings and letters of credit up to $30 million. We borrowed $21 million and made payments of $126 million under the Secured Foreign Facilities during 2020. We had no borrowings or payments under the Secured Foreign Facilities during 2021. During the second quarter of 2021, with no borrowings outstanding, we terminated the Secured Foreign Facilities.
We borrowed $13 million and made payments of $63 million under the unsecured Foreign Facilities during 2020. During the second quarter of 2020, with no borrowings outstanding, we terminated the unsecured Foreign Facilities.
Long-term Debt due to Former Parent
During 2020, we borrowed $97 million from the Former Parent to pay down outstanding debt with external parties. This borrowing was due in September 2025 and had a variable interest rate based on the China Loan Prime Rate. As a result of the Separation, we no longer have this Long-term Debt due to Former Parent. Prior to the Separation, we recognized $2 million of interest expense during 2021 related to this borrowing.
Credit Ratings
The following table provides our credit ratings as of January 28, 2023:
| Moody’s | S&P | ||||||||||
| Corporate | Ba3 | BB- | |||||||||
| Senior Secured Debt with Subsidiary Guarantee | Ba2 | BB+ | |||||||||
| Senior Unsecured Debt with Subsidiary Guarantee | B1 | BB- | |||||||||
| Outlook | Stable | Stable | |||||||||
Contingent Liabilities and Contractual Obligations
The following table provides our contractual obligations, aggregated by type, including the maturity profile as of January 28, 2023:
| Payments Due by Period | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | Less Than 1 Year | 1-3 Years | 4-5 Years | More than 5 Years | Other | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Long-term Debt (a) | $ | 1,710 | $ | 81 | $ | 161 | $ | 429 | $ | 1,039 | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Future Lease Obligations (b) | 1,949 | 391 | 616 | 390 | 552 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Purchase Obligations (c) | 800 | 757 | 37 | 6 | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other Liabilities (d) | 29 | 6 | — | — | — | 23 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 4,488 | $ | 1,235 | $ | 814 | $ | 825 | $ | 1,591 | $ | 23 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
________________
(a)Long-term debt obligations relate to our principal and interest payments for our outstanding debt. Interest payments have been estimated based on the coupon rate for fixed rate obligations. For variable interest rate obligations under the Term Loan Facility, the interest payments have been estimated based on a LIBOR rate of 4.73% plus an interest rate margin of 3.25%. For variable interest rate obligations under the ABL Facility, the interest payments have been estimated based on an interest rate of 5.90%. For additional information, see Note 13 to the Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements included in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
(b)Future lease obligations primarily represent minimum payments due under store lease agreements. For additional information, see Note 9 to the Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements included in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
(c)Purchase obligations primarily include purchase orders for merchandise inventory and other agreements to purchase goods or services that are enforceable and legally binding and that specify all significant terms, including: fixed or minimum quantities to be purchased; fixed, minimum or variable price provisions; and the approximate timing of the transactions.
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(d)Other liabilities also include future estimated payments associated with unrecognized tax benefits. The “Less Than 1 Year” category includes $6 million of these tax items because it is reasonably possible that the payments could change in the next 12 months due to audit settlements or resolution of uncertainties. The remaining portion totaling $23 million is included in the “Other” category because it is not reasonably possible that the payments could change in the next 12 months due to audit settlements or resolution of uncertainties. For additional information, see Note 12 to the Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
We did not adopt any new accounting standards during 2022 that had a material impact on our results of operations, financial position or cash flows. In addition, there are no new accounting standards not yet adopted that are expected to have a material impact on our results of operations, financial position or cash flows.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to adopt accounting policies related to estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period, as well as the related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its accounting policies, estimates and judgments, including those related to inventories, long-lived assets, claims and contingencies, income taxes and revenue recognition. Management bases our estimates and judgments on historical experience and various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates. Management has discussed the development and selection of our critical accounting policies and estimates with the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors and believes the following assumptions and estimates are most significant to reporting our results of operations and financial position.
Inventories
Inventories are principally valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value, on an average cost basis. We record valuation adjustments to our inventories if the cost of inventory on hand exceeds the amount we expect to realize from the ultimate sale or disposal of the inventory. These estimates are based on management’s judgment regarding future demand and market conditions and analysis of historical experience. If actual demand or market conditions are different than those projected by management, future period merchandise margin rates may be unfavorably or favorably affected by adjustments to these estimates.
We also record inventory loss adjustments for estimated physical inventory losses that have occurred since the date of the last physical inventory. These estimates are based on management’s analysis of historical results, operating trends and consumer behavior. Management believes that the assumptions used in these estimates are reasonable and appropriate. A 10% increase or decrease in the inventory valuation adjustment would have impacted net income by approximately $3 million for 2022. A 10% increase or decrease in the estimated physical inventory loss adjustment would have impacted net income by approximately $2 million for 2022.
Valuation of Long-lived Assets
Long-lived Store Assets
Long-lived store assets, which include leasehold improvements, store related assets and operating lease assets, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable. Store assets are grouped at the lowest level for which they are largely independent of other assets or asset groups. If the estimated undiscounted future cash flows related to the asset group are less than the carrying value, we recognize a loss equal to the difference between the carrying value and the estimated fair value, determined by the estimated discounted future cash flows of the asset group. For operating lease assets, we determine the fair value of the assets by comparing the contractual rent payments to estimated market rental rates. An individual asset within an asset group is not impaired below its estimated fair value. The fair value of long-lived store assets are determined using Level 3 inputs within the fair value hierarchy.
As a result of our store fleet rationalization executed during 2020 and the negative operating results of certain stores in 2020, we determined that the estimated undiscounted future cash flows were less than the carrying values for certain asset groups and, as a result, determined the estimated fair values of the store asset groups using estimated discounted future cash flows and estimated market rental rates. Long-lived store asset impairment charges are included within Costs of Goods Sold, Buying and Occupancy in the Consolidated and Combined Statements of Income (Loss).
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There were no long-lived store asset impairment charges in 2022 or 2021. The following table provides pre-tax long-lived store asset impairment charges included in the 2020 Consolidated and Combined Statement of Loss:
| 2020 | |||||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| Store Asset Impairment | $ | 136 | |||||||||||||||
| Operating Lease Asset Impairment | 118 | ||||||||||||||||
| Total Impairment | $ | 254 | |||||||||||||||
Our fair value estimates incorporate significant assumptions and judgments including, but not limited to, estimated future cash flows, discount rates and market rental rates. The use of different assumptions or judgments in our assessment could materially increase or decrease the fair value of our store assets and, accordingly, could materially increase or decrease any related impairment charge. Sustained declines in our business performance could result in a material impairment charge in a future period.
When a decision has been made to dispose of property and equipment prior to the end of the previously estimated useful life, depreciation estimates are revised to reflect the use of the asset over the shortened estimated useful life.
Goodwill
Goodwill is reviewed for impairment at the reporting unit level each year in the fourth quarter and may be reviewed more frequently if certain events occur or circumstances change. We have the option to either first perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that each reporting unit's fair value is less than its carrying value (including goodwill), or to proceed directly to the quantitative assessment which requires a comparison of the reporting unit's fair value to its carrying value (including goodwill). If we determine that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value, we recognize an impairment charge equal to the difference, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit. Our reporting units are determined in accordance with the provisions of ASC 350, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other.
Claims and Contingencies
We are subject to various claims and contingencies related to lawsuits, taxes, insurance, regulatory and other matters arising out of the normal course of business. Our determination of the treatment of claims and contingencies in the Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements is based on management’s view of the expected outcome of the applicable claim or contingency. We consult with legal counsel on matters related to litigation and seek input from both internal and external experts with respect to matters in the ordinary course of business. We accrue a liability if the likelihood of an adverse outcome is probable and the amount is reasonably estimable. If the likelihood of an adverse outcome is only reasonably possible (as opposed to probable) or if an estimate is not reasonably determinable, disclosure of a material claim or contingency is disclosed in the Notes to the Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements included in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
Income Taxes
We account for income taxes under the asset and liability method. Under this method, taxes currently payable or refundable are accrued, and deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets are also recognized for realizable operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted income tax rates in effect for the year in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in income tax rates is recognized in our Consolidated and Combined Statement of Income (Loss) in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company treats the global intangible low-taxed income provisions enacted as part of the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act as a current period expense. A valuation allowance is recorded to reduce the carrying amounts of deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not that such assets will not be realized.
Significant judgment is required in determining the provision for income taxes and related accruals, deferred tax assets and liabilities. In determining our provision for income taxes, we consider permanent differences between book and tax income and statutory income tax rates. Our effective income tax rate is affected by items including changes in tax law, the tax jurisdiction of new stores or business ventures and the level of earnings.
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We follow the authoritative guidance included in ASC 740, Income Taxes, which contains a two-step approach to recognize and measure uncertain tax positions. The first step is to evaluate the tax position for recognition by determining if the available evidence indicates it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on audit, including resolution of related appeals or litigation processes, if any. The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount which is more than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. We consider many factors when evaluating and estimating our tax positions and tax benefits, which may require periodic adjustments and for which actual outcomes may differ from forecasted outcomes. Our policy is to include interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense.
Our income tax returns, like those of most companies, are periodically audited by domestic and foreign tax authorities. These audits include questions regarding our tax filing positions, including the timing and amount of deductions and the allocation of income among various tax jurisdictions. At any one time, multiple tax years are subject to audit by the various tax authorities. A number of years may elapse before a particular matter for which we have established an accrual is audited and fully resolved or clarified. We adjust our tax contingencies accrual and income tax provision in the period in which matters are effectively settled with tax authorities at amounts different from our established accrual, when the statute of limitations expires for the relevant taxing authority to examine the tax position or when more information becomes available. We include our tax contingencies accrual, including accrued penalties and interest, in Other Long-term Liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets unless the liability is expected to be paid within one year. Changes to the tax contingencies accrual, including accrued penalties and interest, are included in Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes on the Consolidated and Combined Statements of Income (Loss).
Revenue Recognition
We recognize revenue based on the amount we expect to receive when control of the goods or services is transferred to our customer. We recognize sales upon customer receipt of merchandise, which for direct channel revenues reflect an estimate of shipments that have not yet been received by our customer based on shipping terms and historical delivery times. Our shipping and handling revenues are included in Net Sales with the related costs included in Costs of Goods Sold, Buying and Occupancy in our Consolidated and Combined Statements of Income (Loss). We also provide a reserve for projected merchandise returns based on historical experience and recent information. Net Sales exclude sales and other similar taxes collected from customers.
We offer certain loyalty programs that allow customers to earn points based on purchasing activity. As customers accumulate points and reach point thresholds, they can use the points to purchase merchandise in stores or online. We allocate revenue to points earned on qualifying purchases and defer recognition until the points are redeemed. The amount of revenue deferred is based on the relative stand-alone selling price method, which includes an estimate for points not expected to be redeemed based on historical experience.
We sell gift cards with no expiration dates to customers. We do not charge administrative fees on unused gift cards. We recognize revenue from gift cards when they are redeemed by the customer. In addition, we recognize revenue on unredeemed gift cards where the likelihood of the gift card being redeemed is remote and there is no legal obligation to remit the unredeemed gift cards to relevant jurisdictions (gift card breakage). Gift card breakage revenue is recognized in proportion, and over the same period, as actual gift card redemptions. We determine the gift card breakage rate based on historical redemption patterns. Gift card breakage is included in Net Sales in our Consolidated and Combined Statements of Income (Loss).
Revenue earned in connection with our credit card arrangements is primarily recognized based on credit card sales and usage and is included in Net Sales in the Consolidated and Combined Statements of Income (Loss).
We also recognize revenues associated with franchise, license, wholesale and sourcing arrangements. Revenue recognized under franchise and license arrangements generally consists of royalties earned and recognized upon sale of merchandise by franchise and license partners to retail customers. Revenue is generally recognized under wholesale and sourcing arrangements at the time the title of merchandise passes to the partner.
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.
Market Risk
The market risk inherent in our financial instruments represents the potential loss in fair value, earnings or cash flows arising from adverse changes in foreign currency exchange rates or interest rates. We may use derivative financial instruments like foreign currency forward contracts, cross-currency swaps and interest rate swap arrangements to manage exposure to market risks. We do not use derivative financial instruments for trading purposes.
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Foreign Exchange Rate Risk
We have operations and investments in unconsolidated entities in foreign countries which expose us to market risk associated with foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations. Our Canadian dollar and Chinese Yuan denominated earnings are subject to exchange rate risk as substantially all our merchandise sold in Canada and China is sourced through U.S. dollar transactions. From time to time we may adjust our exposure to foreign currency exchange rate risk by entering into foreign currency forward contracts, however, these measures may not succeed in offsetting all the short-term impact of foreign currency rate movements and generally may not be effective in offsetting the long-term impact of sustained shifts in foreign currency rates.
Further, although our royalty arrangements with our international partners are denominated in U.S. dollars, the royalties we receive in U.S. dollars are calculated based on sales in the local currency. As a result, our royalties in these arrangements are exposed to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations.
Interest Rate Risk
Our investment portfolio primarily consists of interest-bearing instruments that are classified as cash and cash equivalents based on their original maturities. Our investment portfolio is maintained in accordance with our investment policy, which specifies permitted types of investments, specifies credit quality standards and maturity profiles and limits credit exposure to any single issuer. The primary objective of our investment activities is the preservation of principal, the maintenance of liquidity and the maximization of interest income while minimizing risk. As of January 28, 2023, our investment portfolio is primarily comprised of bank deposits. Given the short-term nature and quality of investments in our portfolio, we do not believe there is any material risk to principal associated with increases or decreases in interest rates.
Our outstanding long-term debt as of January 28, 2023 consists of the 2029 Notes, which have a fixed interest rate, the $395 million in outstanding borrowing under the Term Loan Facility, which has a variable interest rate based on LIBOR, and the $295 million in outstanding borrowing under the ABL Facility, which has a variable interest rate based on LIBOR. Our exposure to interest rate changes is limited to the fair value of the debt issued as well as the interest we pay on the Term Loan Facility and ABL Facility, which we believe would not have a material impact on our earnings or cash flows.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The following table provides a summary of the principal value and estimated fair value of our outstanding debt as of January 28, 2023 and January 29, 2022:
| January 28, 2023 | January 29, 2022 | ||||||||||
| (in millions) | |||||||||||
| Principal Value | $ | 995 | $ | 999 | |||||||
| Fair Value, Estimated (a) | 894 | 975 | |||||||||
________________
(a)The estimated fair value of our publicly traded debt is based on reported transaction prices which are considered Level 2 inputs in accordance with ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement. The estimates presented are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that we could realize in a current market exchange.
As of January 28, 2023, we believe that the carrying values of accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate fair value because of their short maturity. We further believe the principal value of the outstanding debt under the ABL Facility approximates its fair value as of January 28, 2023 based on the terms of the borrowings under the ABL Facility.
Concentration of Credit Risk
We maintain cash and cash equivalents with various major financial institutions. We monitor the relative credit standing of financial institutions with whom we transact and limit the amount of credit exposure with any one entity. As of January 28, 2023, our investment portfolio is primarily comprised of bank deposits. We also periodically review the relative credit standing of franchise, license and wholesale partners and other entities to which we grant credit terms in the normal course of business.
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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA.
VICTORIA'S SECRET & CO.
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
| Page No. | |||||
Our fiscal year ends on the Saturday nearest to January 31. Fiscal years are designated in the Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements and Notes by the calendar year in which the fiscal year commences. The results for 2022, 2021 and 2020 refer to the 52-week periods ended January 28, 2023, January 29, 2022 and January 30, 2021, respectively.
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Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The Company’s internal control system is designed to provide reasonable assurance to the Company’s management and Board of Directors regarding the preparation and fair presentation of published financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of January 28, 2023. In making this assessment, management used the criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the “COSO criteria”).
Management's assessment of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of January 28, 2023 excluded Adore Me which was acquired by the Company on December 30, 2022. Total assets recorded by the Company related to this acquisition represented 14.3% (inclusive of acquired intangible assets) of the Company's consolidated total assets as of January 28, 2023. Companies are permitted to exclude acquisitions from their assessment of internal control over financial reporting during the first year of an acquisition while integrating the acquired company under guidelines established by the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Based on our assessment and the COSO criteria, management believes that the Company maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of January 28, 2023.
The Company’s independent registered public accounting firm, Ernst & Young LLP, has issued an attestation report on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Ernst & Young LLP’s report appears on the following page and expresses an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of January 28, 2023.
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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of Victoria's Secret & Co.
Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited Victoria's Secret & Co.’s internal control over financial reporting as of January 28, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). In our opinion, Victoria's Secret & Co. (the Company) maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of January 28, 2023, based on the COSO criteria.
As indicated in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting, management’s assessment of and conclusion on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting did not include the internal controls of AdoreMe, Inc., which is included in the January 28, 2023 consolidated financial statements of the Company and constituted 14.3% of total assets, as of January 28, 2023. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting of the Company also did not include an evaluation of the internal control over financial reporting of AdoreMe, Inc.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of January 28, 2023 and January 29, 2022, the related consolidated and combined statements of income (loss), comprehensive income (loss), equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended January 28, 2023, and the related notes and our report dated March 17, 2023 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
Grandview Heights, Ohio
March 17, 2023
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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of Victoria's Secret & Co.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Victoria's Secret & Co. (the Company) as of January 28, 2023 and January 29, 2022, the related consolidated and combined statements of income (loss), comprehensive income (loss), equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended January 28, 2023, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated and combined financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated and combined financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at January 28, 2023 and January 29, 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended January 28, 2023, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of January 28, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework), and our report dated March 17, 2023 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matters
The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated and combined financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.
| Reserve for Store Inventory Losses | ||||||||||||||
| Description of the Matter | As described in Note 7 to the consolidated and combined financial statements, the Company had inventories of $1.052 billion as of January 28, 2023, which included finished goods of $997 million. Inventories were principally valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value, on an average cost basis. The most significant and judgmental portion of the inventory reserves related to the reserve for store inventory losses. Management applied judgment to determine its reserve for store inventory losses that have occurred since the date of the last physical inventory. The Company calculated the reserve for store inventory losses based on actual inventory losses identified as a result of store physical inventory counts during each fiscal period and estimated inventory losses occurring between physical inventory counts. The estimate for store inventory losses occurring in the interim period between the most recent physical inventory count and year-end was calculated on a store-specific basis and was primarily based on recent inventory loss results. Management considered historical inventory losses taken and current consumer behavior to estimate the reserve for store inventory losses. | |||||||||||||
| Auditing management’s estimate of the reserve for inventory losses on finished goods required us to make subjective auditor judgments because the estimate was impacted by management's assumptions about the appropriateness of historical data used and its applicability to current period consumer behavior. | ||||||||||||||
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| How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit | We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design, and tested the operating effectiveness of controls over the Company’s process to determine the valuation of the Company’s store inventory loss reserve. This included controls over the Company’s review of the significant assumptions underlying the reserve estimate. | |||||||||||||
| To test the Company's reserve for store inventory losses, our audit procedures included, among others, testing the accuracy and completeness of the underlying data used in the estimation calculation and evaluating significant assumptions (e.g., historical data used and its applicability to current period consumer behavior) used in management's store inventory loss valuation assessment. We also obtained an understanding of inventory loss activity trends at a store level, and performed a sensitivity analysis to evaluate changes in the estimate that would result from changes in management's significant assumptions. | ||||||||||||||
| Valuation of Certain Acquired Intangible Assets and Contingent Consideration | ||||||||||||||
| Description of the Matter | As described in Note 2 to the consolidated and combined financial statements, on December 30, 2022, the Company completed the acquisition of AdoreMe, Inc. (“Adore Me”) for a total net purchase price of approximately $537 million, including the fair value of future contingent consideration payments. The transaction was accounted for in accordance with the acquisition method of accounting for a business combination. The Company’s accounting for this acquisition included determining the preliminary fair value of: a) the intangible assets acquired, which primarily included trade name, customer relationships and developed technology intangible assets; and b) contingent consideration obligations. | |||||||||||||
| Auditing the Company’s preliminary accounting for its acquisition of Adore Me was complex and subjective due to the significant estimation uncertainty in determining the estimated fair values of the trade name of $43 million, customer relationships of $81 million, developed technology intangible assets of $56 million and contingent consideration obligation of $98 million. The Company used the relief from royalty method to value the trade name and developed technology intangible assets, the multi-period excess earnings method to value the customer relationships intangible assets and a combination of a scenario-based method and a Monte Carlo simulation to measure the estimation components of the contingent consideration. The significant assumptions used to estimate the fair values of the trade name and developed technology intangible assets included the forecasted revenues, the royalty rates and the discount rate. The significant assumptions used to estimate the fair values of the customer relationships included the forecasted revenues, customer attrition rates and the discount rate. The significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value of the contingent consideration obligation included the discount rates, estimated probability of achievement of certain milestones, forecasted revenues, forecasted EBITDA and volatility rates. These significant assumptions are forward looking and could be affected by future economic and market conditions. | ||||||||||||||
| How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit | We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design, and tested the operating effectiveness of controls over the Company’s process for accounting for the intangible assets acquired and the contingent consideration obligation. For example, we tested controls over management’s review of the valuation methodologies and key assumptions used to estimate fair value, as well as management’s controls over the completeness and accuracy of the information used within the valuation models. | |||||||||||||
| To test the estimated preliminary fair values of the trade name, customer relationships, developed technology intangible assets and contingent consideration, our audit procedures included, among others, reading the purchase agreement, assessing the appropriateness of the valuation methodologies used, evaluating the significant assumptions discussed above, and evaluating the completeness and accuracy of the underlying data supporting the significant assumptions and estimates. For the forecasted revenues and estimated future cash flows, we compared the assumptions to current industry and economic trends, the historical financial performance of the acquired business, and forecasted performance of certain peer companies. For the contingent consideration, we considered the terms of the arrangement, including the conditions which must be met for the contingent consideration to become payable. We performed sensitivity analyses to evaluate the changes in the fair values that would result from changes in the significant assumptions. We involved our valuation specialists to assist in evaluating the methodologies used to estimate the fair value of the trade name, customer relationships, developed technology intangible assets and contingent consideration and to test certain significant assumptions, including the customer attrition rates, royalty rates, volatility and discount rates, which included a comparison of the selected rates to benchmark data. | ||||||||||||||
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2021.
Grandview Heights, Ohio
March 17, 2023
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VICTORIA'S SECRET & CO.
CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (LOSS)
(in millions except per share amounts)
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| Net Sales | $ | 6,344 | $ | 6,785 | $ | 5,413 | |||||||||||
| Costs of Goods Sold, Buying and Occupancy | (4,086) | (4,025) | (3,842) | ||||||||||||||
| Gross Profit | 2,258 | 2,760 | 1,571 | ||||||||||||||
| General, Administrative and Store Operating Expenses | (1,780) | (1,890) | (1,672) | ||||||||||||||
| Operating Income (Loss) | 478 | 870 | (101) | ||||||||||||||
| Interest Expense | (60) | (27) | (6) | ||||||||||||||
| Other Income (Loss) | (1) | — | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes | 417 | 843 | (106) | ||||||||||||||
| Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes | 79 | 197 | (34) | ||||||||||||||
| Net Income (Loss) | 338 | 646 | (72) | ||||||||||||||
| Less: Net Loss Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest | (10) | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Victoria's Secret & Co. | $ | 348 | $ | 646 | $ | (72) | |||||||||||
| Net Income (Loss) Per Basic Share Attributable to Victoria's Secret & Co. | $ | 4.24 | $ | 7.34 | $ | (0.82) | |||||||||||
| Net Income (Loss) Per Diluted Share Attributable to Victoria's Secret & Co. | $ | 4.14 | $ | 7.18 | $ | (0.82) | |||||||||||
VICTORIA'S SECRET & CO.
CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(in millions)
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| Net Income (Loss) | $ | 338 | $ | 646 | $ | (72) | |||||||||||
| Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax: | |||||||||||||||||
| Foreign Currency Translation | (7) | 1 | (3) | ||||||||||||||
| Amounts Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income to Paid-in Capital | 3 | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Reclassification of Foreign Currency Translation to Earnings | — | — | 36 | ||||||||||||||
| Total Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax | $ | (4) | $ | 1 | $ | 33 | |||||||||||
| Total Comprehensive Income (Loss) | 334 | 647 | (39) | ||||||||||||||
| Less: Net Loss Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest | (10) | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Less: Foreign Currency Translation Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive Income (Loss) Attributable to Victoria's Secret & Co. | $ | 344 | $ | 647 | $ | (39) | |||||||||||
The accompanying Notes are an integral part of these Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements.
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VICTORIA'S SECRET & CO.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in millions except par value amounts)
| January 28, 2023 | January 29, 2022 | ||||||||||
| ASSETS | |||||||||||
| Current Assets: | |||||||||||
| Cash and Cash Equivalents | $ | 427 | $ | 490 | |||||||
| Accounts Receivable, Net | 141 | 162 | |||||||||
| Inventories | 1,052 | 949 | |||||||||
| Other | 117 | 90 | |||||||||
| Total Current Assets | 1,737 | 1,691 | |||||||||
| Property and Equipment, Net | 846 | 957 | |||||||||
| Operating Lease Assets | 1,232 | 1,369 | |||||||||
| Goodwill | 365 | — | |||||||||
| Trade Names | 289 | 246 | |||||||||
| Other Intangible Assets | 137 | — | |||||||||
| Deferred Income Taxes | 18 | 17 | |||||||||
| Other Assets | 87 | 64 | |||||||||
| Total Assets | $ | 4,711 | $ | 4,344 | |||||||
| LIABILITIES AND EQUITY | |||||||||||
| Current Liabilities: | |||||||||||
| Accounts Payable | $ | 481 | $ | 538 | |||||||
| Accrued Expenses and Other | 737 | 714 | |||||||||
| Current Debt | 4 | 4 | |||||||||
| Current Operating Lease Liabilities | 310 | 340 | |||||||||
| Income Taxes | 47 | 102 | |||||||||
| Total Current Liabilities | 1,579 | 1,698 | |||||||||
| Deferred Income Taxes | 53 | 58 | |||||||||
| Long-term Debt | 1,271 | 978 | |||||||||
| Long-term Operating Lease Liabilities | 1,201 | 1,314 | |||||||||
| Other Long-term Liabilities | 206 | 39 | |||||||||
| Total Liabilities | 4,310 | 4,087 | |||||||||
| Shareholders’ Equity: | |||||||||||
| Preferred Stock—$0.01 par value; 10 shares authorized; none issued | — | — | |||||||||
| Common Stock—$0.01 par value; 1,000 shares authorized; 80 and 85 shares issued; 80 and 85 shares outstanding, respectively | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
| Paid-in Capital | 195 | 125 | |||||||||
| Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income | 1 | 5 | |||||||||
| Retained Earnings | 186 | 126 | |||||||||
| Total Victoria's Secret & Co. Shareholders' Equity | 383 | 257 | |||||||||
| Noncontrolling Interest | 18 | — | |||||||||
| Total Equity | 401 | 257 | |||||||||
| Total Liabilities and Equity | $ | 4,711 | $ | 4,344 | |||||||
The accompanying Notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.
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VICTORIA'S SECRET & CO.
CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY
(in millions)
| Common Stock | Paid-in Capital | Net Investment by Former Parent | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Retained Earnings | Treasury Stock | Total Victoria's Secret & Co. Equity | Noncontrolling Interest | Total Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares Outstanding | Par Value | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, February 1, 2020 | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 1,341 | $ | (29) | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 1,312 | $ | 2 | $ | 1,314 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net Loss | — | — | — | (72) | — | — | — | (72) | — | (72) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other Comprehensive Income | — | — | — | — | 33 | — | — | 33 | — | 33 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Comprehensive Income (Loss) | — | — | — | (72) | 33 | — | — | (39) | — | (39) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net Transfers to Former Parent | — | — | — | (382) | — | — | — | (382) | — | (382) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | (2) | (2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, January 30, 2021 | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 887 | $ | 4 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 891 | $ | — | $ | 891 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net Income | — | — | — | 328 | — | 318 | — | 646 | — | 646 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other Comprehensive Income | — | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | 1 | — | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Comprehensive Income | — | — | — | 328 | 1 | 318 | — | 647 | — | 647 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net Transfers to Former Parent | — | — | — | (1,053) | — | — | — | (1,053) | — | (1,053) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transfer of Former Parent to Additional Paid-in Capital | — | — | 162 | (162) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of Common Stock | 88 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | — | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Repurchase of Common Stock | (4) | — | (50) | — | — | — | (200) | (250) | — | (250) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Treasury Share Retirement | — | — | (8) | — | — | (192) | 200 | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based Compensation and Other | 1 | — | 21 | — | — | — | — | 21 | — | 21 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, January 29, 2022 | 85 | $ | 1 | $ | 125 | $ | — | $ | 5 | $ | 126 | $ | — | $ | 257 | $ | — | $ | 257 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net Income (Loss) | — | — | — | — | — | 348 | — | 348 | (10) | 338 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other Comprehensive Loss | — | — | — | — | (4) | — | — | (4) | — | (4) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Comprehensive Income (Loss) | — | — | — | — | (4) | 348 | — | 344 | (10) | 334 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sale of Noncontrolling Interest | — | — | 17 | — | — | — | — | 17 | 28 | 45 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Repurchases of Common Stock | (6) | — | 50 | — | — | — | (300) | (250) | — | (250) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Treasury Share Retirement | — | — | (12) | — | — | (288) | 300 | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based Compensation Expense | — | — | 48 | — | — | — | — | 48 | — | 48 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tax Payments related to Share-based Awards | (1) | — | (42) | — | — | — | — | (42) | — | (42) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 2 | — | 9 | — | — | — | — | 9 | — | 9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, January 28, 2023 | 80 | $ | 1 | $ | 195 | $ | — | $ | 1 | $ | 186 | $ | — | $ | 383 | $ | 18 | $ | 401 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying Notes are an integral part of these Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements.
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VICTORIA'S SECRET & CO.
CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in millions)
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| Operating Activities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Net Income (Loss) | $ | 338 | $ | 646 | $ | (72) | |||||||||||
| Adjustments to Reconcile Net Income (Loss) to Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation of Long-lived Assets | 274 | 303 | 326 | ||||||||||||||
| Share-based Compensation Expense | 48 | 33 | 25 | ||||||||||||||
| Deferred Income Taxes | (28) | 1 | (64) | ||||||||||||||
| Asset Impairment Charges | — | — | 254 | ||||||||||||||
| Gain related to Formation of U.K. Joint Venture | — | — | (54) | ||||||||||||||
| Gain from Hong Kong Store Closure and Lease Termination | — | — | (39) | ||||||||||||||
| Changes in Assets and Liabilities, Net of Assets and Liabilities related to the Acquisition: | |||||||||||||||||
| Accounts Receivable | 22 | (21) | 36 | ||||||||||||||
| Inventories | — | (247) | 141 | ||||||||||||||
| Accounts Payable, Accrued Expenses and Other | (163) | 173 | 49 | ||||||||||||||
| Income Taxes | (67) | 119 | (25) | ||||||||||||||
| Other Assets and Liabilities | 13 | (156) | 97 | ||||||||||||||
| Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities | 437 | 851 | 674 | ||||||||||||||
| Investing Activities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Acquisition, Net of Cash Acquired | (369) | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Capital Expenditures | (164) | (169) | (127) | ||||||||||||||
| Investment in Frankies Bikinis, LLC | (18) | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Other Investing Activities | (4) | — | 4 | ||||||||||||||
| Net Cash Used for Investing Activities | (555) | (169) | (123) | ||||||||||||||
| Financing Activities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Borrowings from Asset-based Revolving Credit Facility | 295 | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Repurchases of Common Stock | (250) | (250) | — | ||||||||||||||
| Cash Received from Noncontrolling Interest Holder | 55 | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Tax Payments related to Share-based Awards | (42) | (4) | — | ||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from Stock Option Exercises | 5 | 5 | — | ||||||||||||||
| Payments of Long-term Debt | (4) | (1) | — | ||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from Issuance of Long-term Debt, Net of Issuance Costs and Discounts | — | 982 | — | ||||||||||||||
| Net Transfers to Former Parent | — | (1,253) | (407) | ||||||||||||||
| Borrowings from Foreign Facilities | — | — | 34 | ||||||||||||||
| Repayments of Foreign Facilities | — | — | (189) | ||||||||||||||
| Borrowing from Former Parent | — | — | 97 | ||||||||||||||
| Other Financing Activities | (1) | (6) | — | ||||||||||||||
| Net Cash Provided by (Used for) Financing Activities | 58 | (527) | (465) | ||||||||||||||
| Effects of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash and Cash Equivalents | (3) | — | 4 | ||||||||||||||
| Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents | (63) | 155 | 90 | ||||||||||||||
| Cash and Cash Equivalents, Beginning of Period | 490 | 335 | 245 | ||||||||||||||
| Cash and Cash Equivalents, End of Period | $ | 427 | $ | 490 | $ | 335 | |||||||||||
The accompanying Notes are an integral part of these Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements.
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VICTORIA'S SECRET & CO.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. Description of Business, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Description of Business
Victoria's Secret & Co. is a specialty retailer of women's intimate and other apparel and beauty products marketed under the Victoria's Secret, PINK and Adore Me brand names. The Company has more than 910 stores in the U.S., Canada and China as well as its own websites, www.VictoriasSecret.com, www.PINK.com and www.AdoreMe.com and other online channels worldwide. Additionally, the Company has approximately 450 stores in approximately 70 countries operating under franchise, license and wholesale arrangements. The Company also includes the merchandise sourcing and production function serving the Company and its international partners. The Company operates as a single segment designed to serve customers worldwide seamlessly through stores and online channels.
On November 1, 2022, the Company announced that it had signed a Merger Agreement to acquire 100% of Adore Me. On December 30, 2022, the acquisition was completed pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Merger Agreement. For additional information, see Note 2, “Acquisition.”
In July 2022, the Company announced a new, simplified corporate leadership structure designed to unite the Company's brands, better align its teams with a shifting consumer landscape and enable better execution of its strategy. The restructuring eliminated approximately 160 management roles, or approximately 5% of the Company's home office headcount. In the fourth quarter of 2022, the Company executed additional restructuring actions to continue to reorganize and improve its organizational structure. For additional information, see Note 6, “Restructuring Activities.”
Victoria's Secret & Co. Spin-Off
On July 9, 2021, L Brands announced that its Board of Directors approved the previously announced separation of the Victoria's Secret business, including PINK, into an independent, publicly traded company. Prior to the Separation, L Brands operated the Bath & Body Works, Victoria’s Secret and PINK retail brands.
On August 2, 2021, after the New York Stock Exchange market closing, the Separation of the Victoria's Secret business was completed. On August 3, 2021, Victoria's Secret & Co. became an independent, publicly-traded company trading on the NYSE under the stock symbol “VSCO.”
The Separation was achieved through the Former Parent’s distribution of 100% of the shares of the Company's common stock to holders of the Former Parent's common stock as of the close of business on the record date of July 22, 2021. The Former Parent's stockholders of record received one share of the Company's common stock for every three shares of the Former Parent's common stock. In connection with the Separation, the Company made a cash payment of approximately $976 million to the Former Parent on August 2, 2021 from the issuances of certain debt (discussed in Note 13, “Long-term Debt and Borrowing Facilities”). The Former Parent retained no ownership interest in the Company following the Separation.
The Company entered into several agreements with the Former Parent that, among other things, effect the Separation and govern the relationship of the parties following the Separation, including a Separation and Distribution Agreement, a Tax Matters Agreement, an L Brands to VS Transition Services Agreement, a VS to L Brands Transition Services Agreement, an Employee Matters Agreement and a Domestic Transportation Services Agreement. For additional information, see Note 3, “Transactions with Former Parent.”
Fiscal Year
The Company's fiscal year ends on the Saturday nearest to January 31. As used herein, “2022,” “2021” and “2020” refer to the 52-week periods ended January 28, 2023, January 29, 2022 and January 30, 2021, respectively.
Basis of Presentation - Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements
The Company’s financial statements for periods through the Separation date of August 2, 2021 are combined financial statements prepared on a “carve-out” basis as discussed below. The Company’s financial statements for the period from August 3, 2021 through January 28, 2023 are consolidated financial statements based on the reported results of Victoria's Secret & Co. as a standalone company.
The Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements have been prepared in conformity with GAAP. The Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements may not be indicative of the Company’s future performance and do not necessarily reflect what the financial position, results of operations, and cash flows would have been had it operated as an independent company during all of the periods presented.
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Basis of Presentation - Prior to Separation
Through the Separation date, the Company's combined financial statements are prepared on a “carve-out” basis. The Combined Financial Statements have been derived from the consolidated financial statements and accounting records of the Former Parent in conformity with GAAP.
Intracompany transactions have been eliminated. Transactions between the Company and the Former Parent have been included in these financial statements.
For the periods prior to the Separation, certain of the Former Parent's assets and liabilities that were specifically identifiable or otherwise attributable to the Company were included in the Company's balance sheets. For the periods prior to the Separation, the Former Parent's third-party long-term notes payable and the related interest expense were not allocated to the Company as the Company was not the legal obligor of such debt.
For the periods prior to the Separation, the Former Parent utilized a centralized approach to cash management and financing its operations. The cash and cash equivalents held by the Former Parent at the corporate level were not specifically identifiable to the Company and, therefore, were not reflected in the Company’s balance sheets. Cash transfers between the Former Parent and the Company were accounted for through Net Investment by Former Parent. Cash and cash equivalents that are included in the Company's balance sheets for the periods prior to the Separation represent cash and cash equivalents held by the Company prior to any potential transfer to the centralized cash management pool of the Former Parent.
For the periods prior to the Separation, the Consolidated and Combined Statements of Income (Loss) include costs for certain functions, including information technology, human resources and store design and construction, that historically were provided and administered on a centralized basis by the Former Parent. Starting in the third quarter of 2020, as part of the steps to prepare the Company to operate as a separate, standalone company, these functions were transitioned to the business and began to be operated and administered as part of Victoria’s Secret & Co. For additional information, see Note 6, “Restructuring Activities.” Costs applicable to the Company related to these functions are included in the Consolidated and Combined Statements of Income (Loss) for all periods presented. Prior to the transition of these functions, these costs were directly charged to the Company by the Former Parent.
In addition, for purposes of preparing the combined financial statements on a “carve-out” basis prior to the Separation, a portion of the Former Parent's corporate expenses were allocated to the Company. These expense allocations include the cost of corporate functions and resources provided by, or administered by, the Former Parent including, but not limited to, executive management and other corporate and governance functions, such as corporate finance, internal audit, tax and treasury. The related employee payroll and benefit costs associated with such functions, such as share-based compensation, were included in the expense allocations. Corporate expenses of $49 million and $77 million in 2021 and 2020, respectively, were allocated and included within General, Administrative and Store Operating Expenses in the Consolidated and Combined Statements of Income (Loss).
Costs were allocated to the Company based on direct usage when identifiable or, when not directly identifiable, on the basis of proportional net sales. Management considers the basis on which the expenses have been allocated to reasonably reflect the utilization of services provided to, or the benefit received by, the Company during the periods presented. However, the allocations may not reflect the expenses the Company would have incurred if the Company had been a standalone company for the periods presented. Actual costs that may have been incurred if the Company had been a standalone company would depend on a number of factors, including the organizational structure, whether functions were outsourced or performed by employees, and strategic or capital decisions. Going forward, the Company may perform these functions using its own resources or outsourced services. For a period following the Separation, however, some of these functions will continue to be provided by the Former Parent under a transition services agreement, and the Company will provide some services to the Former Parent under a transition services agreement. The Company has also entered into certain commercial arrangements with the Former Parent in connection with the Separation. For more information, see Note 3, “Transactions with Former Parent.”
During the periods prior to the Separation that are presented in these Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements, the Company's income tax expense (benefit) and deferred tax balances were included in the Former Parent's income tax returns. Income tax expense (benefit) and deferred tax balances contained in these Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements for periods prior to the Separation are presented on a separate return basis, as if the Company had filed its own income tax returns. As a result, actual tax transactions included in the consolidated financial statements of the Former Parent may or may not be included in the Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements of the Company. Similarly, the tax treatment of certain items reflected in the Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements of the Company may or may not be reflected in the consolidated financial statements and income tax returns of the Former Parent. The taxes recorded in the Consolidated and Combined Statements of Income (Loss) for periods prior to the Separation are not necessarily representative of the taxes that may arise in the future when the Company files its income tax returns independent from the Former Parent's returns.
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Impacts of Macroeconomic Environment
The Company's operations and financial performance have been adversely impacted by deterioration in economic conditions in the United States and globally, which were caused in part by the COVID-19 pandemic. The current macroeconomic environment is characterized by record-high inflation, supply chain challenges, labor shortages, high interest rates, volatility in global capital markets and growing recession risk. Such macroeconomic conditions have and could continue to adversely affect the Company's business, for example, by reducing consumer demand for our products and leading to decreased sales.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and Cash Equivalents include cash on hand, demand deposits with financial institutions, credit and debit card receivables and highly liquid investments with original maturities of 90 days or less. The Company's Cash and Cash Equivalents are considered Level 1 fair value measurements as they are valued using unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets.
Concentration of Credit Risk
The Company maintains cash and cash equivalents with various major financial institutions. The Company monitors the relative credit standing of financial institutions with whom the Company transacts and limits the amount of credit exposure with any one entity. The Company’s investment portfolio is primarily comprised of bank deposits.
The Company also periodically reviews the relative credit standing of franchise, license and wholesale partners and other entities to which the Company grants credit terms in the normal course of business. The Company determines the required allowance for expected credit losses using information such as customer credit history and financial condition. Amounts are charged against the allowance when it is determined that expected credit losses may occur.
Inventories
Inventories are principally valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value, on an average cost basis.
The Company records valuation adjustments to its inventories if the cost of inventory on hand exceeds the amount it expects to realize from the ultimate sale or disposal of the inventory. These estimates are based on management’s judgment regarding future demand and market conditions and analysis of historical experience.
The Company also records inventory loss adjustments for estimated physical inventory losses that have occurred since the date of the last physical inventory. These estimates are based on management’s analysis of historical results, operating trends and consumer behavior.
Advertising Costs
Advertising and marketing costs are expensed at the time the promotion first appears in media, or in the store or when the advertising is mailed. Advertising and marketing costs totaled $344 million for 2022, $334 million for 2021 and $239 million for 2020.
Property and Equipment
The Company’s property and equipment are recorded at cost and depreciation is computed on a straight-line basis using the following depreciable life ranges:
| Category of Property and Equipment | Depreciable Life Range | |||||||
| Software, including software developed for internal use | 3 - 5 years | |||||||
| Furniture, fixtures and equipment | 3 - 10 years | |||||||
| Leasehold improvements | Shorter of lease term or 10 years | |||||||
| Non-store related building and site improvements | 10 - 15 years | |||||||
| Other property and equipment | 20 years | |||||||
| Buildings | 30 years | |||||||
When a decision has been made to dispose of property and equipment prior to the end of the previously estimated useful life, depreciation estimates are revised to reflect the use of the asset over the shortened estimated useful life. The Company’s cost of assets sold or retired and the related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts with any resulting gain or loss included in net income (loss). Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Major renewals and betterments that extend useful lives are capitalized.
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Long-lived store assets, which include leasehold improvements, store related assets and operating lease assets (subsequent to the adoption of ASC 842, Leases), are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable. Store assets are grouped at the lowest level for which they are largely independent of other assets or asset groups. If the estimated undiscounted future cash flows related to the asset group are less than the carrying value, the Company recognizes a loss equal to the difference between the carrying value and the estimated fair value, determined by the estimated discounted future cash flows of the asset group. For operating lease assets, the Company determines the fair value of the assets by comparing the contractual rent payments to estimated market rental rates. An individual asset within an asset group is not impaired below its estimated fair value. The fair value of long-lived store assets is determined using Level 3 inputs within the fair value hierarchy.
Leases and Leasehold Improvements
The Company leases retail space, office space, warehouse facilities, storage space, equipment and certain other items under operating leases. A substantial portion of the Company’s leases are operating leases for its stores, which generally have an initial term of 10 years. Annual store rent consists of a fixed minimum amount and/or variable rent based on a percentage of sales exceeding a stipulated amount. Store lease terms generally also require additional payments covering certain operating costs such as common area maintenance, utilities, insurance and taxes. Certain leases contain predetermined fixed escalations of minimum rentals or require periodic adjustments of minimum rentals, depending on an index or rate. Additionally, certain leases contain incentives, such as construction allowances from landlords and/or rent abatements subsequent to taking possession of the leased property.
At the date of control of the leased asset, the Company recognizes an asset for the right to use the leased asset and a liability based on the present value of the unpaid fixed lease payments. Operating lease costs are recognized on a straight-line basis as lease expense over the lease term. Variable lease payments associated with the Company's leases are recognized upon occurrence of the event or circumstance on which the payments are assessed. Short-term leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet, and lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
For leases entered into or reassessed after the adoption of ASC 842, Leases, the Company has elected the practical expedient allowed by the standard to account for all fixed consideration in a lease as a single lease component. Therefore, the lease payments used to measure the lease liability for these leases include fixed minimum rentals along with fixed operating costs such as common area maintenance and utilities.
The Company uses its incremental borrowing rate, adjusted for collateral, to determine the present value of its unpaid lease payments.
The Company’s store leases often include options to extend the initial term or to terminate the lease prior to the end of the initial term. The exercise of these options is typically at the sole discretion of the Company. These options are included in determining the initial lease term at lease commencement if the Company is reasonably certain to exercise the option. Additionally, the Company may operate stores for a period of time on a month-to-month basis after the expiration of the lease term.
The Company also has leasehold improvements which are amortized over the shorter of their estimated useful lives or the period from the date the assets are placed in service to the end of the initial lease term. Leasehold improvements made after the inception of the initial lease term are depreciated over the shorter of their estimated useful lives or the remaining lease term, including renewal periods, if reasonably assured.
Intangible Assets
The Company has certain intangible assets resulting from business combinations and acquisitions that are recorded at cost.
The Company has goodwill resulting from the Adore Me acquisition on December 30, 2022. Goodwill is reviewed for impairment at the reporting unit level each year in the fourth quarter and may be reviewed more frequently if certain events occur or circumstances change. The Company has the option to either first perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that each reporting unit's fair value is less than its carrying value (including goodwill), or to proceed directly to the quantitative assessment which requires a comparison of the reporting unit's fair value to its carrying value (including goodwill). If the Company determines that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value, the Company recognizes an impairment charge equal to the difference, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit. The Company's reporting units are determined in accordance with the provisions of ASC 350, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other.
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The Victoria’s Secret trade name is an intangible asset with an indefinite life. Intangible assets with indefinite lives are reviewed for impairment each year in the fourth quarter and may be reviewed more frequently if certain events occur or circumstances change. The Company has the option to either first perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that the indefinite-lived intangible asset is impaired, or to proceed directly to the quantitative assessment which requires a comparison of the fair value of the intangible asset to its carrying value. To determine if the fair value of the asset is less than its carrying amount, the Company will estimate the fair value, usually determined by the relief from royalty method under the income approach, and compare that value with its carrying amount. If the carrying value of the trade name exceeds its fair value, the Company recognizes an impairment charge equal to the difference.
The Company also has definite-lived intangible assets, which includes customer relationships, developed technology and the Adore Me trade name. Definite-lived intangible assets are amortized over their useful lives and are evaluated for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that a certain asset or asset group may be impaired.
Foreign Currency Translation
The functional currency of the Company’s foreign operations is generally the applicable local currency. Assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. dollars using the current exchange rates in effect as of the balance sheet date, while revenues and expenses are translated at the average exchange rates for the period. The Company’s resulting translation adjustments are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in shareholders’ equity. Accumulated foreign currency translation adjustments are reclassified to net income (loss) when realized upon sale or upon complete, or substantially complete, liquidation of the investment in the foreign entity.
Fair Value
The authoritative guidance included in ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement, defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. This authoritative guidance further establishes a three-level fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. This hierarchy requires entities to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The three levels of inputs used to measure fair value are as follows:
•Level 1—Quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
•Level 2—Observable inputs other than quoted market prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices of similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.
•Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets and liabilities. This includes certain pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques that use significant unobservable inputs.
The Company estimates the fair value of financial instruments, property and equipment, goodwill, trade names, other intangible assets and contingent consideration in accordance with the provisions of ASC 820. The recorded amounts for cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, prepaid expenses, other current assets and current liabilities approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of these assets and liabilities.
Derivative Financial Instruments
The Company from time to time uses derivative financial instruments to manage exposure to foreign currency exchange rates. The Company does not use derivative instruments for trading purposes. All derivative instruments are recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value.
The earnings of the Company's foreign operations are subject to exchange rate risk as substantially all the merchandise is sourced through U.S. dollar transactions. The Company from time to time utilizes foreign currency forward contracts designated as cash flow hedges to mitigate this foreign currency exposure. Amounts for these designated cash flow hedges are reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) upon sale of the hedged merchandise to the customer. These gains and losses are recognized in Costs of Goods Sold, Buying and Occupancy in the Consolidated and Combined Statements of Income (Loss). During the second quarter of 2021, the Company terminated its foreign currency forward contracts designated as cash flow hedges that were used to mitigate foreign currency exposure for its Canadian operations. The fair value of designated cash flow hedges is not significant for any period presented.
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Income Taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method. Under this method, taxes currently payable or refundable are accrued, and deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets are also recognized for realizable operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted income tax rates in effect for the year in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in income tax rates is recognized in the Company’s Consolidated and Combined Statement of Income (Loss) in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company treats the global intangible low-taxed income provision enacted as part of the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act as a current period expense. A valuation allowance is recorded to reduce the carrying amounts of deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not that such assets will not be realized.
In determining the Company’s provision for income taxes, the Company considers permanent differences between book and tax income and statutory income tax rates. The Company’s effective income tax rate is affected by items including changes in tax law, the tax jurisdiction of new stores or business ventures and the level of earnings.
The Company follows a two-step approach to recognize and measure uncertain tax positions. The first step is to evaluate the tax position for recognition by determining if the available evidence indicates it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on audit, including resolution of related appeals or litigation processes, if any. The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount which is more than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. The Company considers many factors when evaluating and estimating its tax positions and tax benefits, which may require periodic adjustments and for which actual outcomes may differ from forecasted outcomes. The Company's policy is to include interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense.
The Company’s income tax returns, like those of most companies, are periodically audited by domestic and foreign tax authorities. These audits include questions regarding the Company’s tax filing positions, including the timing and amount of deductions and the allocation of income among various tax jurisdictions. At any one time, multiple tax years are subject to audit by the various tax authorities. A number of years may elapse before a particular matter for which the Company has established an accrual is audited and fully resolved or clarified. The Company adjusts its tax contingencies accrual and income tax provision in the period in which matters are effectively settled with tax authorities at amounts different from its established accrual, when the statute of limitations expires for the relevant taxing authority to examine the tax position or when more information becomes available. The Company includes its tax contingencies accrual, including accrued penalties and interest, in Other Long-term Liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets unless the liability is expected to be paid within one year. Changes to the tax contingencies accrual, including accrued penalties and interest, are included in Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes on the Consolidated and Combined Statements of Income (Loss).
Self-Insurance
The Company is self-insured for medical, workers’ compensation, property, general liability and automobile liability up to certain stop-loss limits. Such costs are accrued based on known claims and an estimate of incurred but not reported (“IBNR”) claims. IBNR claims are estimated using historical claim information and actuarial estimates.
Equity Method Investments
The Company accounts for investments in unconsolidated entities where it exercises significant influence, but does not have control, using the equity method. Under the equity method of accounting, the Company recognizes its share of the investee's net income or loss. Losses are only recognized to the extent the Company has positive carrying value related to the investee. Carrying values are only reduced below zero if the Company has an obligation to provide funding to the investee. The Company’s share of net income or loss of unconsolidated entities from which the Company purchases merchandise or merchandise components is included in Costs of Goods Sold, Buying and Occupancy in the Consolidated and Combined Statements of Income (Loss), and the Company’s share of net income or loss from all other unconsolidated entities is included in General, Administrative and Store Operating Expenses in the Consolidated and Combined Statements of Income (Loss). The Company’s equity method investments are required to be reviewed for impairment when it is determined there may be an other-than-temporary loss in value.
In March 2022, the Company acquired a minority interest in swimwear brand Frankies Bikinis, LLC (“Frankies Bikinis”) in exchange for $18 million. The investment in Frankies Bikinis is accounted for using the equity method of accounting.
The total carrying value of equity method investments was $56 million and $35 million as of January 28, 2023 and January 29, 2022. These investments are recorded in Other Assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
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Net Investment by Former Parent
Net Investment by Former Parent represents the Former Parent's historical investment in the Company, the accumulated net earnings after taxes and the net effect of the transactions with and allocations from the Former Parent. All transactions reflected in Net Investment by Former Parent have been considered as financing activities for purposes of the Consolidated and Combined Statements of Cash Flows.
For additional information, see Basis of Presentation above and Note 3, “Transactions with Former Parent.”
Noncontrolling Interest
The Company accounts for investments in entities where it has control over the entity by consolidating the entities' assets, liabilities and results of operations and including them in the Company's Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements. The share of the investment not owned by the Company is reflected in Noncontrolling Interest in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company recognizes the share of net income or loss not attributable to the Company in Net Loss Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest in the Consolidated and Combined Statements of Income. Noncontrolling interest in fiscal year 2022 represents the portion of equity interests in a joint venture that operates the business in China that is not owned by the Company. Noncontrolling interest in fiscal year 2020 represents the portion of equity interests in a technology joint venture in India that was not owned at that time by the Company.
Share-based Compensation
Prior to the Separation, certain Company employees participated in the share-based compensation plans sponsored by the Former Parent. The Former Parent's share-based compensation awards granted to the employees of the Company consisted of the Former Parent's stock options and restricted stock. As such, prior to the Separation, the awards granted to Company employees are reflected in Net Investment by Former Parent within the Consolidated and Combined Statements of Equity at the time they were expensed. Prior to the Separation, the Consolidated and Combined Statements of Income (Loss) also include an allocation of the Former Parent's corporate and shared employee share-based compensation expenses.
The Company recognizes all share-based payments to employees and directors as compensation cost over the service period based on their estimated fair value on the date of grant. The Company estimates award forfeitures at the time awards are granted and adjusts, if necessary, in subsequent periods based on historical experience and expected future forfeitures.
Compensation cost is recognized over the service period for the fair value of awards that actually vest. Compensation expense for awards without a performance condition or a graded vesting schedule is recognized, net of estimated forfeitures, using a single award approach (each award is valued as one grant). Compensation expense for awards with a performance condition or a graded vesting schedule is recognized, net of estimated forfeitures, using a multiple award approach (each vesting tranche is valued as one grant).
Revenue Recognition
The Company recognizes revenue based on the amount it expects to receive when control of the goods or services is transferred to the customer. The Company recognizes sales upon customer receipt of merchandise, which, for direct channel revenues, reflect an estimate of shipments that have not yet been received by the customer based on shipping terms and historical delivery times. The Company’s shipping and handling revenues are included in Net Sales with the related costs included in Costs of Goods Sold, Buying and Occupancy in the Consolidated and Combined Statements of Income (Loss). The Company also provides a reserve for projected merchandise returns based on historical experience. Net Sales exclude sales and other similar taxes collected from customers.
The Company offers certain loyalty programs that allow customers to earn points based on purchasing activity. As customers accumulate points and reach point thresholds, they can use the points to purchase merchandise in stores or online. The Company allocates revenue to points earned on qualifying purchases and defers recognition until the points are redeemed. The amount of revenue deferred is based on the relative stand-alone selling price method, which includes an estimate for points not expected to be redeemed based on historical experience.
The Company sells gift cards with no expiration dates to customers. The Company does not charge administrative fees on unused gift cards. The Company recognizes revenue from gift cards when they are redeemed by the customer. In addition, the Company recognizes revenue on unredeemed gift cards where the likelihood of the gift card being redeemed is remote and there is no legal obligation to remit the unredeemed gift cards to relevant jurisdictions (gift card breakage). Gift card breakage revenue is recognized in proportion, and over the same period, as actual gift card redemptions. The Company determines the gift card breakage rate based on historical redemption patterns. Gift card breakage is included in Net Sales in the Consolidated and Combined Statements of Income (Loss).
Revenue earned in connection with the Company's credit card arrangements is primarily recognized based on credit card sales and usage and is included in Net Sales in the Consolidated and Combined Statements of Income (Loss).
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The Company also recognizes revenues associated with franchise, license, wholesale and sourcing arrangements. Revenue recognized under franchise and license arrangements generally consists of royalties earned and recognized upon sale of merchandise by franchise and license partners to retail customers. Revenue is generally recognized under wholesale and sourcing arrangements at the time the title of merchandise passes to the partner.
Costs of Goods Sold, Buying and Occupancy
The Company’s costs of goods sold include merchandise costs, net of discounts and allowances, freight and inventory shrinkage. The Company’s buying and occupancy expenses primarily include payroll, benefit costs and operating expenses for its buying departments and distribution network, as well as rent, common area maintenance, real estate taxes, utilities, maintenance, fulfillment expenses and depreciation for the Company’s stores, warehouse facilities and equipment.
General, Administrative and Store Operating Expenses
The Company’s general, administrative and store operating expenses primarily include payroll and benefit costs for its store-selling and administrative departments (including corporate functions), marketing, advertising and other operating expenses not specifically categorized elsewhere in the Consolidated and Combined Statements of Income (Loss).
Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period, as well as the related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements. Actual results may differ from those estimates, and the Company revises its estimates and assumptions as new information becomes available.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
The Company did not adopt any new accounting standards during 2022 that had a material impact on the Company's results of operations, financial position or cash flows. In addition, there are no new accounting standards not yet adopted that are expected to have a material impact on the Company's results of operations, financial position or cash flows.
2. Acquisition
On November 1, 2022, the Company announced that it had signed a Merger Agreement to acquire 100% of Adore Me. The acquisition closed on December 30, 2022 pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Merger Agreement. Adore Me is a direct-to-consumer lingerie and apparel brand with technology driven commerce service and a series of innovation-driven products. The acquisition creates the opportunity for the Company to leverage Adore Me's expertise and technology to continue to improve the Victoria's Secret and PINK customer shopping experience and accelerate the modernization of the Company's digital platform.
Under the terms of the Merger Agreement, the Company made an upfront cash payment of $391 million at closing and will pay further cash consideration in an aggregate amount of at least $80 million, consisting of a fixed payment to be made on or prior to January 15, 2025, and up to $300 million based on the performance of Adore Me and achievement of specified strategic objectives and certain EBITDA and net revenue goals within the two-year period following closing of the transaction. Under the terms of the Merger Agreement, up to $60 million of the further cash consideration is subject to the continued employment of a certain Adore Me employee (“Contingent Compensation Payments”). These Contingent Compensation Payments are not included as consideration when applying the acquisition method of accounting and will be recognized as compensation expense within General, Administrative and Store Operating Expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Income if and when earned in future periods.
The total consideration when applying the acquisition method of accounting was $537 million, net of $22 million of cash acquired. The gross consideration as of the acquisition date of $559 million consists of $391 million in cash paid at closing, $98 million which represents the fair value of the contingent cash consideration and $70 million which represents the fair value of the future fixed payment.
The Company incurred approximately $15 million of acquisition-related costs related to the Adore Me transaction. Those costs, primarily related to professional advisory services and other transaction-related costs, are included within General, Administrative and Store Operating Expenses in the 2022 Consolidated Statement of Income.
The Company accounted for the acquisition of Adore Me using the acquisition method of accounting. Assets acquired and liabilities assumed have been recorded based on their preliminary fair values, and as a result, the estimates and assumptions are subject to change. The Company is still in the process of finalizing the valuation estimates and final purchase price allocation which includes potential adjustments related to the final working capital settlement and amounts allocated to intangible assets. The Company expects to complete this process no later than twelve months after the closing of the acquisition.
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The following is a preliminary purchase price allocation of assets acquired and liabilities assumed related to the Adore Me acquisition:
| (in millions) | |||||
| Accounts Receivable | $ | 1 | |||
| Inventories | 105 | ||||
| Other Current Assets | 7 | ||||
| Property and Equipment, Net | 12 | ||||
| Operating Lease Assets | 5 | ||||
| Goodwill | 365 | ||||
| Trade Name | 43 | ||||
| Other Intangible Assets | 137 | ||||
| Other Assets | 1 | ||||
| Accounts Payable | 17 | ||||
| Accrued Expenses and Other | 88 | ||||
| Current Operating Lease Liabilities | 2 | ||||
| Deferred Income Tax Liabilities | 21 | ||||
| Long-term Operating Lease Liabilities | 3 | ||||
| Other Long-term Liabilities | 8 | ||||
| Net Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed | $ | 537 | |||
The following table represents the definite-lived intangible assets acquired, the preliminary fair values and respective useful lives:
| Useful Life | Preliminary Fair Value | ||||||||||
| (in millions) | |||||||||||
| Customer Relationships | 7 years | $ | 81 | ||||||||
| Developed Technology | 6 years | 56 | |||||||||
| Trade Name | 10 years | 43 | |||||||||
| Total Definite-Lived Intangible Assets | $ | 180 | |||||||||
The Company used the multi-period excess earnings method to value the customer relationships intangible assets and the relief from royalty method to value the developed technology and trade name intangible assets. The significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value of customer relationships included forecasted revenues, customer attrition rates and a discount rate. The significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value of developed technology and the trade name included forecasted revenues, royalty rates and a discount rate. These significant assumptions are forward-looking and could be affected by future economic and market conditions. The estimated weighted-average useful life was 7.4 years for definite-lived intangible assets.
Goodwill was calculated as the difference between the acquisition date fair value of the consideration transferred and the fair value of net assets recognized for Adore Me, and represents the future economic benefits, including synergies, and assembled workforce, that are expected to be achieved as a result of the consummation of the acquisition of Adore Me. The goodwill arising from the acquisition is not expected to be deductible for tax purposes. For additional information about goodwill and other intangible assets, see Note 10, “Intangible Assets.”
The Company consolidates Adore Me's financial information on an approximate one-month reporting lag. Accordingly, given the acquisition closing date of December 30, 2022, the operating results of Adore Me subsequent to the acquisition date will be recorded in fiscal year 2023.
Pro Forma Financial Information
In accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations, the following unaudited pro forma results of operations for 2022 and 2021, respectively, assumes the Adore Me acquisition was completed on the first day of fiscal year 2021, or January 31, 2021. The following pro forma results include adjustments to reflect acquisition-related costs, amortization of intangibles associated with the acquisition and the effects of adjustments made to the carrying value of inventories.
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| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| (in millions) | |||||||||||
| Net Sales | $ | 6,595 | $ | 6,996 | |||||||
| Net Income Attributable to Victoria's Secret & Co. | 330 | 544 | |||||||||
The unaudited pro forma financial information may not be indicative of the results that would have been obtained had the acquisition occurred at the beginning of the periods presented, nor is it intended to be a projection of future results. Additionally, the pro forma financial information does not reflect the costs which the Company has incurred or may incur to integrate the acquired business.
3. Transactions with Former Parent
Prior to the Separation, the Company's financial statements were prepared on a “carve-out” basis and were derived from the consolidated financial statements and accounting records of the Former Parent. The following discussion summarizes activity between the Company and the Former Parent.
Allocation of General Corporate Expenses
Prior to the Separation, for purposes of preparing the financial statements on a “carve-out” basis, the Company was allocated a portion of the Former Parent's total corporate expenses. See Note 1 for a discussion of the methodology used to allocate corporate-related costs for purposes of preparing the financial statements on a "carve-out” basis.
Long-term Debt due to Former Parent
Prior to the Separation, during 2020, the Company borrowed $97 million from the Former Parent to pay down outstanding debt with external parties. This borrowing was due in September 2025 and had a variable interest rate based on the China Loan Prime Rate. As a result of the Separation, the Company no longer has this Long-term Debt due to Former Parent. Prior to the Separation, the Company recognized $2 million of interest expense during 2021 related to this borrowing.
Net Transfers from (to) Former Parent
The following table presents the components of Net Transfers from (to) Former Parent prior to the Separation in the 2021 and 2020 Consolidated and Combined Statements of Equity:
| 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||
| (in millions) | ||||||||||||||
| Cash Pooling and General Financing Activities, Net | $ | (172) | $ | (543) | ||||||||||
| Long-lived Assets (a) | 16 | — | ||||||||||||
| Corporate Expense Allocations | 49 | 77 | ||||||||||||
| Share-based Compensation Expense | 15 | 25 | ||||||||||||
| Assumed Income Tax Payments | 15 | 59 | ||||||||||||
| Cash Payment to Former Parent | (976) | — | ||||||||||||
| Total Net Transfers to Former Parent | $ | (1,053) | $ | (382) | ||||||||||
_______________
(a)Represents long-lived assets transferred between the Company and the Former Parent as a result of asset allocation decisions made during the period.
Agreements with Former Parent
The Company entered into several agreements with the Former Parent that, among other things, effect the Separation and govern the relationship of the parties following the Separation, including a Separation and Distribution Agreement, a Tax Matters Agreement, an L Brands to VS Transition Services Agreement, a VS to L Brands Transition Services Agreement, an Employee Matters Agreement and a Domestic Transportation Services Agreement.
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Under the terms of the transition services agreements, as amended, the Company provides its Former Parent, on a transitional basis, certain services or functions, including information technology, certain logistics functions and customer marketing services. Additionally, the Former Parent provides to the Company various services or functions, many of which currently use a shared technology platform, including human resources, payroll and certain logistics functions. Generally, these services will be provided for a period of up to two years following the Separation, except for information technology services, which will be provided for a period of up to three years following the Separation and may be extended for a maximum of two additional one-year periods subject to increased administrative charges. Consideration and costs for the transition services will be determined using several billing methodologies as described in the agreements, including customary billing, pass-through billing, percent of sales billing or fixed fee billing. Costs for transition services provided by the Former Parent are recorded within the Consolidated and Combined Statements of Income (Loss) based on the nature of the services. Consideration for transition services provided to the Former Parent are recorded within the Consolidated and Combined Statements of Income (Loss) based on the nature of the services and as an offset to expenses incurred to provide the services.
The following table summarizes the recognized consideration and costs pursuant to the transition services agreements for 2022 and 2021:
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| (in millions) | |||||||||||
| Consideration Received | $ | 72 | $ | 55 | |||||||
| Costs Recognized | 74 | 42 | |||||||||
Under the terms of the Domestic Transportation Services Agreement, the Former Parent provides transportation services to the Company for certain beauty and apparel merchandise in the U.S. and Canada for an initial term of three years following the Separation, which term will thereafter continuously renew unless and until either party elects to terminate the arrangement upon written prior notice. Costs for the transportation services will be determined using customary billing and fixed billing methodologies, which are described in the agreement, and are subject to an administrative charge. Costs for transition services are recorded within Costs of Goods Sold, Buying and Occupancy in the Consolidated and Combined Statements of Income (Loss).
The following table summarizes the recognized costs pursuant to the Domestic Transportation Services Agreement for 2022 and 2021:
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| (in millions) | |||||||||||
| Costs Recognized | $ | 91 | $ | 46 | |||||||
Prior to the Separation, certain Company employees participated in the stock option and performance incentive plan of the Former Parent. Under the terms of the Employee Matters Agreement, in connection with the Separation, restricted stock and stock option equity awards held by Company employees were converted to awards representing approximately 6.0 million shares of the Company's common stock under the Company's 2021 Stock Option and Performance Incentive Plan.
4. Revenue Recognition
Accounts receivable, net from revenue-generating activities were $101 million as of January 28, 2023 and $101 million as of January 29, 2022. Accounts receivable primarily relate to amounts due from the Company's franchise, license and wholesale partners. Under these arrangements, payment terms are typically 60 to 90 days.
The Company records deferred revenue when cash payments are received in advance of transfer of control of goods or services. Deferred revenue primarily relates to gift cards, loyalty and credit card programs and direct channel shipments, which are all impacted by seasonal and holiday-related sales patterns. Deferred revenue was $309 million as of January 28, 2023 and $258 million as of January 29, 2022. The Company recognized $135 million as revenue in 2022 from amounts recorded as deferred revenue at the beginning of the period. As of January 28, 2023, the Company recorded deferred revenues of $291 million within Accrued Expenses and Other, and $18 million within Other Long-term Liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
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The following table provides a disaggregation of Net Sales for 2022, 2021 and 2020:
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| Stores — North America | $ | 3,909 | $ | 4,194 | $ | 2,795 | |||||||||||
| Direct | 1,843 | 2,114 | 2,223 | ||||||||||||||
| International (a) | 592 | 477 | 395 | ||||||||||||||
| Total Net Sales | $ | 6,344 | $ | 6,785 | $ | 5,413 | |||||||||||
(a)Results include consolidated joint venture sales in China, royalties associated with franchised stores, wholesale sales and company-operated stores in the U.K. (before our joint venture with Next).
In April 2022, the Company launched a new co-branded credit card through which customers can earn points on purchases of Company product as well as on purchases outside of the Company. The co-branded credit card is in addition to the Company's existing U.S. private label credit card. A third-party financing company is the sole owner of the accounts and underwrites the credit issued under the credit card programs. Revenue earned in connection with the Company's credit card arrangements with the third-party is primarily recognized based on credit card sales and usage.
The Company recognized Net Sales of $123 million, $132 million and $135 million for 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively, related to revenue earned in connection with its credit card arrangements.
The Company’s international net sales include sales from Company-operated stores, royalty revenue from franchise and license arrangements, wholesale revenues and direct sales shipped internationally. Certain of these sales are subject to the impact of fluctuations in foreign currency. The Company’s net sales outside of the U.S. totaled $830 million, $736 million and $643 million for 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
5. Earnings (Loss) Per Share
Earnings (loss) per basic share is computed based on the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding. Earnings (loss) per diluted share include the weighted-average effect of dilutive restricted stock units, performance share units and options (collectively, “Dilutive Awards”) on the weighted-average shares outstanding.
On August 2, 2021, the Separation was achieved through the Former Parent's distribution of 100% of the shares of the Company's common stock to holders of the Former Parent's common stock as of the close of business on the record date of July 22, 2021. The Former Parent's stockholders of record received one share of the Company's common stock for every three shares of the Former Parent's common stock. As a result, on August 3, 2021, the Company had 88 million shares of common stock outstanding. This share amount is being utilized for the calculation of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share for all periods presented prior to the Separation. After the Separation, actual outstanding shares are used to calculate both basic and diluted weighted-average number of common shares outstanding.
The following table provides the weighted-average shares utilized for the calculation of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share for 2022, 2021 and 2020:
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| Common Shares | 82 | 88 | 88 | ||||||||||||||
| Treasury Shares | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Basic Shares | 82 | 88 | 88 | ||||||||||||||
| Effect of Dilutive Awards | 2 | 2 | — | ||||||||||||||
| Diluted Shares | 84 | 90 | 88 | ||||||||||||||
| Anti-dilutive Awards (a) | 1 | — | — | ||||||||||||||
________________
(a)Shares underlying certain options, restricted stock units and performance share units were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings (loss) per share because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive.
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6. Restructuring Activities
Organizational Restructuring
In July 2022, the Company announced a new, simplified corporate leadership structure designed to unite the Company's brands, better align its teams with a shifting consumer landscape and enable better execution of its strategy. As a result of the July 2022 restructuring, pre-tax severance and related costs of $29 million, of which $16 million are included in General, Administrative and Store Operating Expenses and $13 million are included in Costs of Goods Sold, Buying and Occupancy, are included in the 2022 Consolidated Statement of Income.
In the fourth quarter of 2022, the Company executed additional restructuring actions to continue to reorganize and improve its organizational structure. As a result, pre-tax severance and related costs of $6 million, of which $5 million are included in General, Administrative and Store Operating Expenses and $1 million are included in Costs of Goods Sold, Buying and Occupancy, are included in the 2022 Consolidated Statement of Income.
During 2022, the Company made payments of $18 million related to severance and related costs associated with these reductions. As of January 28, 2023, liabilities related to the restructuring of $17 million are included in the January 28, 2023 Consolidated Balance Sheet.
Victoria's Secret China
In April 2022, the Company announced the completion of the joint venture agreement with Regina Miracle, a company listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, related to its existing Company-owned business in China. The Company and Regina Miracle formed a joint venture to operate Victoria's Secret stores and the related online business in China. Under the terms of the agreement, the Company owns 51% of the joint venture and Regina Miracle owns the remaining 49%. The Company received $45 million in cash from Regina Miracle during the first quarter of 2022 as consideration for its investment in the joint venture. In connection with the execution of the agreement, the Company and Regina Miracle each contributed $10 million in cash to the joint venture. The cash received from Regina Miracle is reflected within Cash Received from Noncontrolling Interest Partner in the 2022 Consolidated and Combined Statement of Cash Flows.
Since the Company has retained control over the joint venture, the joint venture's assets, liabilities and results of operations will continue to be consolidated in the Company's consolidated financial statements. Regina Miracle's interest in the joint venture is now reflected in Noncontrolling Interest in the 2022 Consolidated Balance Sheet and in Net Loss Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest in the 2022 Consolidated Statement of Income.
Victoria's Secret U.K.
Due to challenging business results for our business in the U.K., the Company entered into administration in June 2020 to restructure store lease agreements and reduce operating losses in the U.K. business. In October 2020, the Company entered into a joint venture with Next for the business in the U.K. and Ireland. Under this agreement, the Company owns 49% of the joint venture, and Next owns 51% and is responsible for operations. The Company accounts for its investment in the joint venture under the equity method of accounting.
The joint venture acquired the majority of the operating assets, primarily inventory, and the restructured leases were transferred to the joint venture. Effective October 19, 2020, the newly formed joint venture began operating all Victoria’s Secret stores in the U.K. and Ireland. The Company recognized non-cash pre-tax gains of $90 million related to the derecognition of operating lease liabilities in excess of operating lease assets for the 24 store leases that were restructured and transferred to the joint venture. In addition, the Company recognized a $25 million non-cash pre-tax impairment charge to fully write-off all remaining long-lived store assets in the U.K. Finally, as a result of the transition to a joint venture business model in the U.K. and the substantially complete liquidation of the Company’s investment in the U.K., the Company recognized a $36 million non-cash pre-tax loss related to accumulated foreign currency translation adjustments that were reclassified into earnings, which were previously recognized as a component of equity.
The above items relating to Victoria's Secret U.K. are included in General, Administrative and Store Operating Expenses in the 2020 Consolidated and Combined Statement of Loss as they all relate to the Company's transition to a joint venture business model in the U.K.
Pre-Separation Reorganization
During the second quarter of 2020, management reduced home office headcount as a result of completing a comprehensive review of the home office organizations in order to achieve meaningful reductions in overhead expenses and to decentralize significant shared functions and services to support the creation of standalone companies. Pre-tax severance and related costs associated with these reductions, totaling $51 million, are included in General, Administrative and Store Operating Expenses in the 2020 Consolidated and Combined Statement of Loss. As of January 28, 2023, the liability for severance and related costs associated with these reductions was fully paid.
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7. Inventories
The following table provides details of Inventories as of January 28, 2023 and January 29, 2022:
| January 28, 2023 | January 29, 2022 | ||||||||||
| (in millions) | |||||||||||
| Finished Goods Merchandise | $ | 997 | $ | 898 | |||||||
| Raw Materials and Merchandise Components | 55 | 51 | |||||||||
| Total Inventories | $ | 1,052 | $ | 949 | |||||||
The above amounts are net of valuation adjustments for inventory where the cost exceeds the amount the Company expects to realize from the ultimate sale or disposal of the inventory and net of loss adjustments for estimated physical inventory losses that have occurred since the date of the last physical inventory.
8. Long-Lived Assets
The following table provides details of Property and Equipment, Net as of January 28, 2023 and January 29, 2022:
| January 28, 2023 | January 29, 2022 | ||||||||||
| (in millions) | |||||||||||
| Land and Improvements | $ | 28 | $ | 27 | |||||||
| Buildings and Improvements | 219 | 211 | |||||||||
| Furniture, Fixtures, Software and Equipment | 2,394 | 2,409 | |||||||||
| Leasehold Improvements | 1,018 | 1,070 | |||||||||
| Construction in Progress | 57 | 78 | |||||||||
| Total | 3,716 | 3,795 | |||||||||
| Accumulated Depreciation and Amortization | (2,870) | (2,838) | |||||||||
| Property and Equipment, Net | $ | 846 | $ | 957 | |||||||
Depreciation expense was $274 million in 2022, $303 million in 2021 and $326 million in 2020.
Long-Lived Store Assets
As a result of the Company's fleet rationalization executed during 2020 and the negative operating results of certain stores in 2020, the Company determined that the estimated undiscounted future cash flows were less than the carrying values for certain asset groups and, as a result, determined the estimated fair values of the store asset groups using estimated discounted future cash flows and estimated market rental rates.
In 2020, the Company also recorded a $25 million non-cash pre-tax impairment charge to fully write-off all remaining long-lived store assets in the U.K. This charge is included in General, Administrative and Store Operating Expenses in the 2020 Consolidated and Combined Statement of Loss.
There were no long-lived store asset impairment charges in 2022 or 2021. The following table provides pre-tax long-lived store asset impairment charges included in the 2020 Consolidated and Combined Statement of Loss:
| 2020 | |||||
| Store Asset Impairment | $ | 136 | |||
| Operating Lease Asset Impairment | 118 | ||||
| Total Impairment | $ | 254 | |||
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9. Leases
The following table provides the components of lease cost for operating leases for 2022, 2021 and 2020:
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| Operating Lease Costs | $ | 385 | $ | 399 | $ | 521 | |||||||||||
| Variable Lease Costs | 76 | 63 | 6 | ||||||||||||||
| Short-term Lease Costs | 13 | 6 | 5 | ||||||||||||||
| Total Lease Cost | $ | 474 | $ | 468 | $ | 532 | |||||||||||
In 2020, for many stores and select office locations, beginning in April 2020, rent was not paid, or was only partially paid, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Financial Accounting Standards Board issued guidance in April 2020 which allows certain COVID-19-related concessions to be recognized as a reduction of lease costs in the period an amendment is executed. Negotiations were completed with nearly all landlords to determine potential rent credits or payment deferrals related to COVID-19. The Company fully accrued rent to the original contractual rent due unless an executed amendment was in place. As a result of the COVID-19-related concessions, the Company recognized a $31 million and $90 million reduction to occupancy expenses in 2021 and 2020, respectively, as a result of executed amendments with landlords. The amount recognized for COVID-19-related concessions in 2022 was not significant.
The following table provides future maturities of operating lease liabilities as of January 28, 2023:
| Fiscal Year | (in millions) | ||||
| 2023 | $ | 390 | |||
| 2024 | 327 | ||||
| 2025 | 273 | ||||
| 2026 | 213 | ||||
| 2027 | 158 | ||||
| Thereafter | 500 | ||||
| Total Lease Payments | $ | 1,861 | |||
| Less: Interest | (350) | ||||
| Present Value of Operating Lease Liabilities | $ | 1,511 | |||
As of January 28, 2023, the Company had additional operating lease commitments that have not yet commenced of approximately $87 million.
The following table provides the weighted-average remaining lease term and discount rate for operating leases with lease liabilities as of January 28, 2023 and January 29, 2022:
| January 28, 2023 | January 29, 2022 | ||||||||||
| Weighted-Average Remaining Lease Term (years) | 6.6 | 6.4 | |||||||||
| Weighted-Average Discount Rate | 6.1% | 6.0% | |||||||||
The Company paid $423 million in 2022, $497 million in 2021 and $348 million in 2020 for operating lease liabilities recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. These payments are included within the Operating Activities section of the Consolidated and Combined Statement of Cash Flows.
In 2022 and 2021, the Company obtained $160 million and $120 million, respectively, of additional lease assets as a result of new operating lease obligations. During 2020, the Company reduced its lease assets by $32 million as a result of permanent store closures due to the fleet rationalization and lease term reductions that also reduced its operating lease obligations.
Victoria's Secret Hong Kong
During the second quarter of 2020, the Company closed its unprofitable Victoria's Secret flagship store in Hong Kong. As a result of the store closure, the Company recognized a non-cash pre-tax gain of $39 million, primarily due to terminating the store lease and the related write-off of the operating lease liability in excess of the operating lease asset, which was partially impaired in fiscal 2019. This gain is included in Costs of Goods Sold, Buying and Occupancy in the 2020 Consolidated and Combined Statement of Loss. The Company also recorded $3 million of severance and related costs, included in General, Administrative and Store Operating Expenses in the 2020 Consolidated and Combined Statement of Loss.
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Asset Retirement Obligations
The Company has asset retirement obligations related to certain Company-operated international stores that contractually obligate the Company to remove leasehold improvements at the end of a lease. The Company's liabilities for asset retirement obligations totaled $12 million as of January 28, 2023 and $13 million as of January 29, 2022. These liabilities are included in Other Long-term Liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
10. Intangible Assets
Goodwill
The Company's goodwill was $365 million as of January 28, 2023, which was established as a result of the acquisition of Adore Me on December 30, 2022. For additional information, see Note 2, “Acquisition.” The Company did not have any goodwill as of January 29, 2022 and January 30, 2021, respectively.
Trade Name - Indefinite-Lived
The Victoria's Secret trade name, an indefinite-lived intangible asset, was $246 million as of January 28, 2023 and January 29, 2022, respectively.
As of the end of 2022 and 2021, the Company performed its annual impairment assessment of the Victoria's Secret trade name. To estimate the fair value of the trade name, the Company used the relief from royalty method under the income approach. The assessments concluded that the fair value of the trade name was in excess of its carrying value.
Definite-Lived Intangible Assets
The Company's definite-lived intangible assets were established as a result of the acquisition of Adore Me. Prior to the acquisition of Adore Me on December 30, 2022, the Company did not have any definite-lived intangible assets.
The following table provides details of the gross carrying amounts of the Company's definite-lived intangible assets as of January 28, 2023:
| January 28, 2023 | |||||||||||
| (in millions) | |||||||||||
| Customer Relationships | $ | 81 | |||||||||
| Developed Technology | 56 | ||||||||||
| Adore Me Trade Name | 43 | ||||||||||
| Total Definite-Lived Intangible Assets | $ | 180 | |||||||||
Due to the timing of the acquisition date and the Company consolidating Adore Me's financial information on an approximate one-month reporting lag, there was no amortization expense recorded related to these definite-lived intangible assets in 2022, 2021 or 2020.
Definite-lived intangible assets are evaluated for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that a certain asset or asset group may be impaired.
The estimated future annual amortization expense is $25 million for each of the next five fiscal years for definite-lived intangible assets recorded as of January 28, 2023.
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11. Accrued Expenses and Other
The following table provides additional information about the composition of Accrued Expenses and Other as of January 28, 2023 and January 29, 2022:
| January 28, 2023 | January 29, 2022 | ||||||||||
| (in millions) | |||||||||||
| Deferred Revenue on Gift Cards and Merchandise Credits | $ | 238 | $ | 198 | |||||||
| Compensation, Payroll Taxes and Benefits | 105 | 152 | |||||||||
| Rent | 63 | 45 | |||||||||
| Deferred Revenue on Loyalty and Credit Card Programs | 40 | 36 | |||||||||
| Taxes, Other than Income | 40 | 24 | |||||||||
| Accrued Marketing | 37 | 36 | |||||||||
| Contingent Consideration Related to Adore Me Acquisition | 30 | — | |||||||||
| Returns Reserve | 22 | 23 | |||||||||
| Accrued Freight and Other Logistics | 16 | 62 | |||||||||
| Deferred Revenue on Direct Shipments not yet Delivered | 13 | 16 | |||||||||
| Accrued Claims on Self-insured Activities | 8 | 4 | |||||||||
| Accrued Interest | 7 | 5 | |||||||||
| Other | 118 | 113 | |||||||||
| Total Accrued Expenses and Other | $ | 737 | $ | 714 | |||||||
12. Income Taxes
Prior to the Separation, the Company's U.S. operations and certain of its non-U.S. operations were historically included in the income tax returns of the Former Parent or its subsidiaries that may not be part of the Company. For the periods prior to the Separation, the income tax expense (benefit) and all tax liabilities that are presented in these financial statements were calculated on a “carve-out” basis, which applied the accounting guidance as if we filed income tax returns for the Company on a standalone, separate return basis. The Company believes the assumptions supporting its allocation and presentation of income taxes on a separate return basis are reasonable. However, the Company's tax results, as presented in these financial statements for periods prior to the Separation, may not be reflective of the results that the Company expects to generate in the future.
Post-Separation, the Company files a consolidated U.S. federal income tax return as well as separate and combined income tax returns in numerous state, local and international jurisdictions. Income tax expense (benefit) for the period prior to the Separation is based on the combined financial statements prepared on a “carve-out” basis. Income tax expense (benefit) for the period after the Separation is based on the consolidated results of the Company on a standalone basis.
The following table provides the components of the Company’s Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes for 2022, 2021 and 2020:
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| Current: | |||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Federal | $ | 67 | $ | 129 | $ | 7 | |||||||||||
| U.S. State | 22 | 44 | 16 | ||||||||||||||
| Non-U.S. | 18 | 23 | 7 | ||||||||||||||
| Total | 107 | 196 | 30 | ||||||||||||||
| Deferred: | |||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Federal | (20) | 6 | (68) | ||||||||||||||
| U.S. State | (4) | (4) | (14) | ||||||||||||||
| Non-U.S. | (4) | (1) | 18 | ||||||||||||||
| Total | (28) | 1 | (64) | ||||||||||||||
| Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes | $ | 79 | $ | 197 | $ | (34) | |||||||||||
The non-U.S. component of pre-tax income, arising principally from overseas operations, was income of $92 million, $92 million and $11 million for 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
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The following table provides the reconciliation between the statutory federal income tax rate and the effective tax rate for 2022, 2021 and 2020:
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| Federal Income Tax Rate | 21.0 | % | 21.0 | % | 21.0 | % | |||||||||||
| State Income Taxes, Net of Federal Income Tax Effect | 3.9 | % | 4.3 | % | (5.8 | %) | |||||||||||
| Impact of Non-U.S. Operations | (1.6 | %) | (0.9 | %) | (16.6 | %) | |||||||||||
| Share-based Compensation | (4.6 | %) | (1.2 | %) | (4.0 | %) | |||||||||||
| Uncertain Tax Positions | 0.2 | % | (0.2 | %) | 19.3 | % | |||||||||||
| Change in Valuation Allowance | (0.1 | %) | — | % | (2.6 | %) | |||||||||||
| Restructuring of Foreign Investments | — | % | 0.2 | % | 23.3 | % | |||||||||||
| U.S. Permanent Items | 0.3 | % | 0.1 | % | (2.8 | %) | |||||||||||
| Other Items, Net | (0.1 | %) | — | % | 0.1 | % | |||||||||||
| Effective Tax Rate | 19.0 | % | 23.3 | % | 31.9 | % | |||||||||||
Deferred Taxes
The following table provides the effect of temporary differences that cause deferred income taxes as of January 28, 2023 and January 29, 2022. Deferred tax assets and liabilities represent the future effects on income taxes resulting from temporary differences and carryforwards at the end of the respective year.
| January 28, 2023 | January 29, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets | Liabilities | Total | Assets | Liabilities | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss Carryforwards | $ | 133 | $ | — | $ | 133 | $ | 118 | $ | — | $ | 118 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Leases | 354 | (309) | 45 | 371 | (322) | 49 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based Compensation | 12 | — | 12 | 11 | — | 11 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deferred Revenue | 43 | — | 43 | 42 | — | 42 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Property and Equipment | — | (58) | (58) | — | (79) | (79) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Trade Name and Other Intangibles | — | (100) | (100) | — | (57) | (57) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 54 | (11) | 43 | 34 | (11) | 23 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Valuation Allowance | (153) | — | (153) | (148) | — | (148) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Deferred Income Taxes | $ | 443 | $ | (478) | $ | (35) | $ | 428 | $ | (469) | $ | (41) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
As of January 28, 2023, the Company had loss carryforwards of $133 million, of which $37 million has an indefinite carryforward. The remainder of the non-U.S. carryforwards, if unused, will expire at various dates from 2023 through 2039. For certain jurisdictions where the Company has determined that it is more likely than not that the loss carryforwards will not be realized, a valuation allowance has been provided on those loss carryforwards as well as other net deferred tax assets.
Income tax payments were $161 million for 2022, $56 million for 2021 and $59 million for 2020.
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Uncertain Tax Positions
The following table summarizes the activity related to the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits for U.S. federal, state & non-U.S. tax jurisdictions for 2022, 2021 and 2020, without interest and penalties:
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| Gross Unrecognized Tax Benefits, as of the Beginning of the Fiscal Year | $ | 10 | $ | 126 | $ | 41 | |||||||||||
| Decreases to Unrecognized Tax Benefits Transferred to Former Parent | — | (126) | — | ||||||||||||||
| Increases to Unrecognized Tax Benefits as a Result of Current Year Activity | 10 | 10 | 105 | ||||||||||||||
| Increases to Unrecognized Tax Benefits for Prior Years, Including Acquisitions | 11 | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Decreases to Unrecognized Tax Benefits for Prior Years | — | — | (16) | ||||||||||||||
| Decreases to Unrecognized Tax Benefits Relating to Settlements with Taxing Authorities | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Decreases to Unrecognized Tax Benefits due to Lapse of Statute of Limitations | — | — | (4) | ||||||||||||||
| Gross Unrecognized Tax Benefits, as of the End of the Fiscal Year | $ | 31 | $ | 10 | $ | 126 | |||||||||||
Of the total gross unrecognized tax benefits, approximately $20 million, $9 million and $121 million, at January 28, 2023, January 29, 2022, and January 30, 2021, respectively, represent the amount of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would favorably affect the effective income tax rate in future periods. These amounts are net of the offsetting tax effects from other tax jurisdictions.
Of the total unrecognized tax benefits, it is reasonably possible that $9 million could change in the next 12 months due to audit settlement, expiration of statute of limitations or other resolution of uncertainties. Due to the uncertain and complex application of tax regulations, it is possible that the ultimate resolution of audits may result in amounts which could be different from this estimate. In such case, the Company will record additional tax expense or tax benefit in the period in which such matters are effectively settled.
The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as components of income tax expense. The Company recognized interest and penalties expense of $1 million in 2022, did not recognize expense in 2021, and recognized a benefit from interest and penalties of $2 million in 2020. The Company has accrued approximately $1 million for the payment of interest and penalties as of January 28, 2023. The Company did not have an accrual for the payment of interest and penalties as of January 29, 2022. Accrued interest and penalties are included within Other Long-term Liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The Company files U.S. federal income tax returns as well as income tax returns in various states and in non-U.S. jurisdictions. The Company is currently under examination, or may be subject to examination, by various U.S. federal, state, local and non-U.S. tax jurisdictions for fiscal year 2016 through 2021. The Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal examination for years prior to fiscal year 2019, state and local examinations for years prior to fiscal year 2017, or examinations in any material non-U.S. jurisdictions for years prior to fiscal year 2016. In some situations, the Company determines that it does not have a filing requirement in a particular tax jurisdiction. Where no return has been filed, no statute of limitations applies. Accordingly, if a tax jurisdiction reaches a conclusion that a filing requirement does exist, additional years may be reviewed by the tax authority. The Company believes it has appropriately accounted for uncertainties related to this issue.
On December 30, 2022, the Company acquired Adore Me. Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, the Company will be responsible for all U.S. federal, state, local and non-U.S. income taxes for any taxable period, or portion of such period, ending on or before the date of acquisition. Approximately $10 million in gross unrecognized tax benefits were established through acquisition accounting attributable to this acquisition.
On August 2, 2021, the Company and the Former Parent entered into a Tax Matters Agreement. Under the agreement, the Former Parent will generally be responsible for all U.S. federal, state, local and non-U.S. income taxes of the Company for any taxable period, or portion of such period, ending on or before the Separation. Accordingly, the net liabilities associated with uncertain tax positions that were presented in the financial statements in prior periods on a carve-out basis were not transferred to the Company as part of the Separation.
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13. Long-term Debt and Borrowing Facilities
The following table provides the Company’s outstanding debt balance, net of unamortized debt issuance costs and discounts, as of January 28, 2023 and January 29, 2022:
| January 28, 2023 | January 29, 2022 | ||||||||||
| (in millions) | |||||||||||
| Senior Secured Debt with Subsidiary Guarantee | |||||||||||
| $395 million Term Loan due August 2028 (“Term Loan Facility”) | $ | 387 | $ | 390 | |||||||
| Asset-based Revolving Credit Facility due August 2026 (“ABL Facility”) | 295 | — | |||||||||
| Total Senior Secured Debt with Subsidiary Guarantee | 682 | 390 | |||||||||
| Senior Debt with Subsidiary Guarantee | |||||||||||
| $600 million, 4.625% Fixed Interest Rate Notes due July 2029 (“2029 Notes”) | 593 | 592 | |||||||||
| Total Senior Debt with Subsidiary Guarantee | 593 | 592 | |||||||||
| Total | 1,275 | 982 | |||||||||
| Current Debt | (4) | (4) | |||||||||
| Total Long-term Debt, Net of Current Portion | $ | 1,271 | $ | 978 | |||||||
The following table provides principal payments due on outstanding debt in the next five fiscal years and the remaining years thereafter:
| Fiscal Year | (in millions) | ||||
| 2023 | $ | 4 | |||
| 2024 | 4 | ||||
| 2025 | 4 | ||||
| 2026 | 299 | ||||
| 2027 | 4 | ||||
| Thereafter | $ | 975 | |||
Cash paid for interest was $52 million and $18 million in 2022 and 2021, respectively. There was no cash paid for interest in 2020.
Issuance of Notes
In July 2021, the Company issued $600 million of 4.625% notes due in July 2029 in a transaction exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The obligation to pay principal and interest on the 2029 Notes is jointly and severally guaranteed on a full and unconditional basis by certain of the Company's wholly-owned subsidiaries.
On August 2, 2021, the Company used cash proceeds of $592 million, which were net of issuance costs of $8 million, from the 2029 Notes, to partially fund the approximately $976 million cash payment to the Former Parent in connection with the Separation. The issuance costs are being amortized through the maturity date and are included within Long-term Debt on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Credit Facilities
On August 2, 2021, the Company entered into a term loan B credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of $400 million, which will mature in August 2028. Commencing in December 2021, the Company is required to make quarterly principal payments on the Term Loan Facility in an amount equal to 0.25% of the original principal amount of $400 million. The Company made principal payments of $4 million and $1 million for the Term Loan Facility during 2022 and 2021, respectively.
Interest under the Term Loan Facility is calculated by reference to LIBOR or an alternative base rate, plus an interest rate margin equal to (i) in the case of LIBOR loans, 3.25% and (ii) in the case of alternate base rate loans, 2.25%. The LIBOR rate applicable to the Term Loan Facility is subject to a floor of 0.50%. The obligation to pay principal and interest on the loans under the Term Loan Facility is jointly and severally guaranteed on a full and unconditional basis by certain of the Company's wholly-owned domestic subsidiaries. The loans under the Term Loan Facility are secured on a first-priority lien basis by certain assets of the Company and guarantors that do not constitute priority collateral of the ABL Facility and on a second-priority lien basis by priority collateral of the ABL Facility, subject to customary exceptions. As of January 28, 2023, the interest rate on loans under the Term Loan Facility was 7.98%.
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On August 2, 2021, the Company also entered into a senior secured asset-based revolving credit facility. The ABL Facility allows for borrowings and letters of credit in U.S. dollars or Canadian dollars and has aggregate commitments of $750 million and an expiration date of August 2026. The availability under the ABL Facility is the lesser of (i) the borrowing base, determined primarily based on the Company's eligible U.S. and Canadian credit card receivables, eligible accounts receivable, eligible inventory and eligible real property, and (ii) the aggregate commitment. Interest on the loans under the ABL Facility is calculated by reference to (i) LIBOR or an alternative base rate and (ii) in the case of loans denominated in Canadian dollars, CDOR or a Canadian base rate, plus an interest rate margin based on average daily excess availability ranging from (x) in the case of LIBOR and CDOR loans, 1.50% to 2.00% and (y) in the case of alternate base rate loans and Canadian base rate loans, 0.50% to 1.00%. Unused commitments under the ABL Facility accrue an unused commitment fee ranging from 0.25% to 0.30%. The obligation to pay principal and interest on the loans under the ABL Facility is jointly and severally guaranteed on a full and unconditional basis by certain of the Company's wholly-owned domestic and Canadian subsidiaries. The loans under the ABL Facility are secured on a first-priority lien basis by the Company's eligible U.S. and Canadian credit card receivables, eligible accounts receivable, eligible inventory and eligible real property and on a second-priority lien basis on substantially all other assets of the Company, subject to customary exceptions.
During 2022, the Company borrowed $295 million from the ABL Facility, all of which remains outstanding as of January 28, 2023. As of January 28, 2023, the interest rate on the borrowings from the ABL Facility was 5.90%. The Company had $42 million of outstanding letters of credit as of January 28, 2023 that further reduced its availability under the ABL Facility. As of January 28, 2023, the Company's remaining availability under the ABL Facility was $259 million.
On August 2, 2021, the Company used the net cash proceeds from the credit facilities of $384 million, which were net of issuance and financing costs of $10 million for the Term Loan Facility and $6 million for the ABL Facility, to partially fund the approximately $976 million cash payment to the Former Parent in connection with the Separation. The discounts and issuance costs from the Term Loan Facility are being amortized through the maturity date and are included within Long-term Debt on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The Company's long-term debt and borrowing facilities contain certain financial and other covenants, including, but not limited to, the maintenance of financial ratios. The 2029 Notes and the Term Loan Facility include the maintenance of a consolidated coverage ratio and a consolidated total leverage ratio, and the ABL Facility includes the maintenance of a fixed charge coverage ratio and a debt to EBITDAR ratio. The financial covenants could, within specific predefined circumstances, limit the Company's ability to incur additional indebtedness, make certain investments, pay dividends or repurchase shares. As of January 28, 2023, the Company was in compliance with all covenants under its long-term debt and borrowing facilities.
Foreign Facilities
Certain of the Company's China subsidiaries previously utilized revolving and term loan bank facilities to support their operations. The Foreign Facilities allowed borrowings in U.S. dollars and Chinese Yuan, and interest rates on outstanding borrowings were based upon the applicable benchmark rate for the currency of each borrowing.
Certain of these facilities were guaranteed by the Former Parent and certain of the Former Parent's wholly-owned subsidiaries. The Secured Foreign Facilities allowed for borrowings and letters of credit up to $30 million. The Company borrowed $21 million and made payments of $126 million under the Secured Foreign Facilities during 2020. The Company had no borrowings or payments under the Secured Foreign Facilities during 2021. During the second quarter of 2021, with no borrowings outstanding, the Company terminated the Secured Foreign Facilities.
The Company borrowed $13 million and made payments of $63 million under the unsecured Foreign Facilities during 2020. During the second quarter of 2020, with no borrowings outstanding, the Company terminated the unsecured Foreign Facilities.
Long-term Debt due to Former Parent
During 2020, the Company borrowed $97 million from the Former Parent to pay down outstanding debt with external parties. This borrowing was due in September 2025 and had a variable interest rate based on the China Loan Prime Rate. As a result of the Separation, the Company no longer has this Long-term Debt due to Former Parent. Prior to the Separation, the Company recognized $2 million of interest expense during 2021 related to this borrowing.
14. Fair Value Measurements
Cash and Cash Equivalents include cash on hand, deposits with financial institutions and highly liquid investments with original maturities of 90 days or less. The Company's Cash and Cash Equivalents are considered Level 1 fair value measurements as they are valued using unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets.
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The following table provides a summary of the principal value and estimated fair value of outstanding debt as of January 28, 2023 and January 29, 2022:
| January 28, 2023 | January 29, 2022 | ||||||||||
| (in millions) | |||||||||||
| Principal Value | $ | 995 | $ | 999 | |||||||
| Fair Value, Estimated (a) | 894 | 975 | |||||||||
________________
(a)The estimated fair value of the Company’s publicly traded debt is based on reported transaction prices which are considered Level 2 inputs in accordance with ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement. The estimates presented are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that the Company could realize in a current market exchange.
Management believes that the carrying values of accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate fair value because of their short maturity. Management further believes the principal value of the outstanding debt under the ABL Facility approximates its fair value as of January 28, 2023 based on the terms of the borrowings under the ABL Facility.
Recurring Fair Value Measurements
The following table provides a summary of the Company's contingent consideration recognized at fair value related to the Adore Me acquisition as of January 28, 2023 (in millions):
| Balance Sheet Location | January 28, 2023 | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accrued Expenses and Other | $ | 30 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 30 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Other Long-term Liabilities | 70 | — | — | 70 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
The estimated fair value of the contingent consideration is valued using a Scenario-Based method and a Monte Carlo simulation which utilize inputs including discount rates, estimated probability of achievement of certain milestones, forecasted revenues, forecasted EBITDA and volatility rates. These are considered Level 3 inputs in accordance with ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement. For additional information regarding the contingent consideration, see Note 2, “Acquisition.”
15. Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Comprehensive Income (Loss) includes gains and losses on foreign currency translation and derivative instruments. The cumulative gains and losses on these items are included in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and Consolidated and Combined Statements of Equity.
The following table provides the rollforward of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for 2022:
| Foreign Currency Translation | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | ||||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of January 29, 2022 | $ | 5 | $ | 5 | |||||||||||||
| Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Before Reclassifications | (7) | (7) | |||||||||||||||
| Amounts Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income to Paid-in Capital | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||||
| Tax Effect | — | — | |||||||||||||||
| Current-period Other Comprehensive Loss | (4) | (4) | |||||||||||||||
| Balance as of January 28, 2023 | $ | 1 | $ | 1 | |||||||||||||
As a result of the China joint venture agreement completed in April 2022, the Company reclassified $3 million of accumulated foreign currency translation adjustments related to the joint venture out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income and into Paid-in Capital in the first quarter of 2022 in order to reflect the amount attributable to the noncontrolling interest partner. For additional information, see Note 6, “Restructuring Activities.”
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The following table provides the rollforward of accumulated other comprehensive income for 2021:
| Foreign Currency Translation | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income | ||||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of January 30, 2021 | $ | 4 | $ | 4 | |||||||||||||
| Other Comprehensive Income Before Reclassifications | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||||
| Tax Effect | — | — | |||||||||||||||
| Current-period Other Comprehensive Income | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||||
| Balance as of January 29, 2022 | $ | 5 | $ | 5 | |||||||||||||
16. Commitments and Contingencies
The Company is subject to various claims and contingencies related to lawsuits, taxes, insurance and other matters arising out of the normal course of business. Actions filed against the Company from time to time include commercial, tort, intellectual property, customer, employment, data privacy and other claims, including purported class action lawsuits. Management believes that the ultimate liability arising from such claims and contingencies, if any, is not likely to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.
Settlement of Former Parent Derivative Lawsuits
In May 2022, the U.S. District Court of the Southern District of Ohio approved a global settlement regarding certain shareholder actions against the Former Parent that were filed in 2020 and 2021. See Note 14, “Commitments and Contingencies” in the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended July 30, 2022 for additional information. Following the Separation, the settlement terms apply to both the Former Parent and the Company. Pursuant to the settlement terms, the Company committed to, among other things, invest $45 million over at least five years to fund certain management and governance measures required under the settlement agreement.
Occupancy-related Legal Matter
The Company was a tenant of portions of a building known as Two Herald Square, New York, New York (the “Premises”) pursuant to an Agreement of Lease dated August 22, 2001 (the “Lease”) with Herald Square Owner LLC (the “Landlord”). On February 20, 2021, the Company surrendered the Premises to the Landlord. On February 16, 2021, the Landlord filed a Motion for Partial Summary Judgment seeking treble holdover damages against the Company for the period commencing June 9, 2020 through February 20, 2021, the date on which the Company vacated and surrendered the Premises. By an order dated July 21, 2021, the court granted the Landlord’s motion and awarded it damages in an amount equal to three times the aggregate of the rents and charges payable under the Lease during the last month of the term of the Lease. On August 6, 2021, judgment was entered against the Company in the amount of $23 million. On September 15, 2021, the Landlord filed a Motion for Partial Summary Judgment seeking treble holdover damages against the Company for the period commencing February 21, 2021 through September 30, 2021. By an order dated April 22, 2022, the court granted the Landlord’s motion and awarded it damages in an amount equal to three times the aggregate amount of the rents and charges payable under the Lease during the last month of the term of the Lease. On May 9, 2022, judgment was entered against the Company in the amount of $22 million. The Company appealed both judgments; on March 2, 2023, the appellate court issued a denial of the appeals. As of the end of fiscal year 2022, we were fully accrued for both judgments along with interest and attorney fees. Subsequent to the end of fiscal year 2022, the Company paid the Landlord for the judgment amount in full.
17. Retirement Benefits
The Company sponsors a tax-qualified defined contribution retirement plan for employees who meet certain age and service requirements. The qualified plan permits participating associates to elect contributions up to the maximum limits allowable under the Internal Revenue Code. The Company matches associate contributions according to a predetermined formula and contributes additional amounts based on a percentage of the associates’ eligible annual compensation and years of service. Associate contributions and Company matching contributions vest immediately. Additional Company contributions and the related investment earnings are subject to vesting based on years of service. Total expense recognized related to the qualified plan was $43 million for 2022, $43 million for 2021 and $38 million for 2020.
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The Former Parent previously sponsored a non-qualified supplemental retirement plan. The non-qualified plan was an unfunded plan which provided benefits beyond the Internal Revenue Code limits for qualified defined contribution plans. On June 27, 2020 (the “Termination Date”), the Human Capital and Compensation Committee of the Former Parent's Board of Directors authorized the termination of the non-qualified plan. Subsequent to the Termination Date, no additional employee contributions could be made to the non-qualified plan. The Company had a liability of $66 million related to the non-qualified plan within Accrued Expenses and Other on the January 30, 2021 Consolidated Balance Sheet. All benefits and obligations due under the non-qualified plan were fully paid during the second quarter of 2021. Total expense recognized related to the non-qualified plan was not significant for any period presented.
18. Shareholders’ Equity
Common Stock Share Repurchases & Treasury Stock Retirements
January 2023 Share Repurchase Program
In January 2023, the Company's Board of Directors approved the January 2023 Share Repurchase Program, authorizing the repurchase of up to $250 million of the Company's common stock. The $250 million authorization is expected to be utilized to repurchase shares in the open market, subject to market conditions and other factors. Shares acquired through the January 2023 Share Repurchase Program will be available to meet obligations under equity compensation plans and for general corporate purposes. The January 2023 Share Repurchase Program began upon completion of the March 2022 Share Repurchase Program and will continue until exhausted, but no later than the end of fiscal year 2023. The Company did not repurchase any shares of its common stock under the January 2023 Share Repurchase Program during fiscal year 2022.
Subsequent to the end of fiscal year 2022, the Company entered into the ASR Agreement with Goldman Sachs to repurchase $125 million of the Company's common stock. In February 2023, the Company made an initial payment of $125 million to Goldman Sachs and received an initial delivery of 2.4 million shares of the Company's common stock. The final number of shares to be repurchased will be based on the volume-weighted average price of the Company’s common stock during the term of the ASR Agreement, less a discount and subject to adjustments pursuant to the terms of the ASR Agreement. The final settlement of the ASR Agreement is expected to be completed in the second quarter of 2023. The ASR Agreement is a component of the January 2023 Share Repurchase Program.
March 2022 Share Repurchase Program
In March 2022, the Company's Board of Directors approved the March 2022 Share Repurchase Program, providing for the repurchase of up to $250 million of the Company's common stock. The full $250 million authorization was utilized in fiscal year 2022 to repurchase shares in the open market, subject to market conditions and other factors.
The Company repurchased the following shares of its common stock under the March 2022 Share Repurchase Program during 2022:
| Amount Authorized | Shares Repurchased | Amount Repurchased | Average Stock Price | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | (in thousands) | (in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| March 2022 Share Repurchase Program | $ | 250 | 5,985 | $ | 250 | $ | 41.77 | ||||||||||||||||
In accordance with the Board of Directors' resolution, shares of the Company's common stock repurchased under the March 2022 Share Repurchase Program were retired upon repurchase and were available to meet obligations under equity compensation plans and for general corporate purposes. As a result, the Company retired all the shares repurchased under the March 2022 Share Repurchase Program during 2022, which resulted in reductions of less than $1 million in the par value of Common Stock, $12 million in Paid-in Capital and $238 million in Retained Earnings.
December 2021 ASR Agreement
In December 2021, the Company entered into a December 2021 ASR Agreement with Goldman Sachs to repurchase $250 million of the Company's common stock. In December 2021, the Company made an initial payment of $250 million to Goldman Sachs and received an initial delivery of 4.1 million shares of the Company's common stock. The $250 million payment to Goldman Sachs was recognized as a reduction to shareholders’ equity, consisting of a $200 million increase in Treasury Stock, which reflects the value of the initial 4.1 million shares received upon initial settlement, and a $50 million decrease in Paid-in Capital, which reflects the value of the stock held back by Goldman Sachs pending final settlement of the December 2021 ASR Agreement. In accordance with the Board of Directors' resolution, the Company immediately retired the 4.1 million shares repurchased under the December 2021 ASR Agreement. The retirement resulted in a reduction of $200 million in Treasury Stock, less than $1 million in the par value of Common Stock, $8 million in Paid-in Capital and $192 million in Retained Earnings.
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In February 2022, upon final settlement of the December 2021 ASR Agreement, the Company received an additional 0.3 million shares of the Company's common stock from Goldman Sachs. The final number of shares received under the December 2021 ASR Agreement was based on the daily average of the volume-weighted average share price of the Company's common stock over the term of the December 2021 ASR Agreement, less a discount and subject to other adjustments pursuant to the terms of the December 2021 ASR Agreement. The delivery of shares resulted in an immediate reduction of the outstanding shares used to calculate the weighted-average common shares outstanding for basic and diluted net income per share. In connection with the settlement of the December 2021 ASR Agreement, $50 million previously recorded in Paid-in Capital as of January 29, 2022, was reclassified to Treasury Stock in the first quarter of 2022. In February 2022, the Company immediately retired the additional 0.3 million shares repurchased in connection with the settlement of the December 2021 ASR Agreement. The retirement resulted in a reduction of $50 million in Treasury Stock, less than $1 million in the par value of Common Stock, less than $1 million in Paid-in Capital and nearly $50 million in Retained Earnings.
19. Share-based Compensation
Plan Summary
Prior to the Separation, certain Company employees participated in the stock option and performance incentive plan of the Former Parent (“Former Parent's Plan”). In connection with the Separation, the Company's Board of Directors approved the 2021 Stock Option and Performance Incentive Plan (“2021 Plan”). The 2021 Plan provides for the grant of incentive stock options, nonstatutory stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted shares, restricted share units, performance share units, unrestricted shares, converted awards, replacement awards and substitute awards.
Under the Company’s 2021 Plan, 11 million options, restricted and unrestricted shares have been authorized to be granted to employees and directors, in addition to the converted awards from the Separation. There were 9 million options and shares available for grant as of January 28, 2023.
Conversion at Separation
Under the terms of the Employee Matters Agreement between the Company and the Former Parent, in connection with the Separation, restricted stock and stock option equity awards granted to Company employees under the Former Parent's Plan were converted to awards representing approximately 6.0 million shares of the Company's common stock (the “Converted Awards”) under the Company's 2021 Plan. Adjustments to the underlying shares and terms of outstanding restricted stock and stock options were made to preserve the intrinsic value of the awards immediately before the Separation. The adjustment of the underlying shares and exercise prices, as applicable, was determined using a conversion ratio of 1.665 based on the relative values of the Former Parent's pre-Separation stock price and the Company's post-Separation stock price. The outstanding awards continue to vest over their original vesting periods. The Company did not recognize any incremental compensation cost related to the adjustment of outstanding awards.
Income Statement Impact
For the period prior to the Separation, the following disclosures of share-based compensation expense recognized by the Company are based on grants related directly to Company employees, and exclude amounts related to the allocation of the Former Parent's corporate and shared employee share-based compensation expenses.
The following table provides share-based compensation expense included in the Consolidated and Combined Statements of Income (Loss) for 2022, 2021 and 2020:
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| Costs of Goods Sold, Buying and Occupancy | $ | 18 | $ | 12 | $ | 9 | |||||||||||
| General, Administrative and Store Operating Expenses | 30 | 21 | 16 | ||||||||||||||
| Total Share-based Compensation Expense | $ | 48 | $ | 33 | $ | 25 | |||||||||||
The tax benefit associated with recognized share-based compensation expense was $9 million for 2022, $6 million for 2021 and $6 million for 2020.
Restricted Stock
Restricted stock, including restricted stock units and performance share units, generally vests (the restrictions lapse) at the end of a three-year period or on a graded basis over a three-year period. The fair value of restricted stock awards is generally based on the market value of an unrestricted share on the grant date adjusted for anticipated dividend yields, if applicable.
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During 2022, the Company granted performance share unit awards that include a specified market condition which can adjust the number of shares that vest under the award. The market condition compares total shareholder return to that of a designated peer group over the performance period. The performance share unit awards were valued using a Monte Carlo simulation model, which requires certain assumptions, including a risk-free interest rate of 2.1% and an expected volatility of 46.3%. The risk-free interest rate assumption is based on U.S. treasury constant maturity yields on the grant date with a term corresponding to the length of the remaining performance period. Due to the Company's limited trading history, the expected volatility assumption is based on the average historical volatility of the designated peer group. There was no dividend yield utilized in the Monte Carlo simulation model as the Company has not paid any cash dividends since the Separation.
As discussed above, restricted stock awards granted to Company employees under the Former Parent's Plan prior to the Separation were converted to shares of the Company's common stock in connection with the Separation. The Converted Awards have the same terms and conditions as the original awards, including the original vesting periods.
The following table provides the Company’s restricted stock activity for the fiscal year ended January 28, 2023:
| Number of Shares | Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value | ||||||||||
| (in thousands) | |||||||||||
| Unvested as of January 29, 2022 | 4,132 | $ | 23.04 | ||||||||
| Granted | 1,872 | 47.63 | |||||||||
| Vested | (2,312) | 15.76 | |||||||||
| Cancelled | (426) | 40.71 | |||||||||
| Unvested as of January 28, 2023 | 3,266 | $ | 39.98 | ||||||||
The weighted-average estimated fair value of restricted stock awards granted was $47.63 per share for 2022 and $56.63 per share for 2021 after the Separation.
The Company’s total intrinsic value of restricted stock awards that vested was $118 million for 2022 and $11 million for 2021 after the Separation. The Company’s total fair value at grant date of restricted stock awards that vested was $36 million for 2022 and $3 million for 2021 after the Separation. The tax benefit realized from tax deductions associated with restricted stock awards that vested was $27 million for 2022 and $2 million for 2021 after the Separation.
As of January 28, 2023, there was $50 million of total unrecognized compensation cost, net of estimated forfeitures, related to unvested restricted stock. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.6 years.
Stock Options
In connection with the Separation, stock options granted to Company employees under the Former Parent's Plan were converted to awards representing approximately 1.7 million shares of the Company's common stock. No stock options have been granted by the Company subsequent to the Separation.
Stock options granted under the Former Parent's Plan have a maximum term of 10 years and generally vest ratably over three to five years. The fair value of stock options was determined using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Stock options were granted with an exercise price equal to the fair market value of the stock on the date of grant. The determination of the fair value of the options was affected by the Former Parent's stock price as well as assumptions regarding a number of highly complex and subjective variables. These variables include, but are not limited to, expected stock price volatility over the term of the awards and projected employee stock option exercise behaviors. Intrinsic value for stock options is the difference between the current market value of the Company’s stock and the option strike price. The Company's stock option activity, including stock options granted, exercised or cancelled, for Company employees for the fiscal year ended January 28, 2023 was not significant.
As of January 28, 2023, there was $1 million of total unrecognized compensation cost, net of estimated forfeitures, related to unvested stock options. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.1 years. As of January 28, 2023, there were 1.3 million outstanding stock options, the majority of which were fully vested, with a total intrinsic value of $11 million.
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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE.
None.
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.
Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures. As of the end of the period covered by this report, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that as of the end of the period covered by this report, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective and designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is (1) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and (2) accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting as of January 28, 2023 is set forth in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm. The Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting as of January 28, 2023 is set forth in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
Changes in internal control over financial reporting. There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred in the fourth quarter 2022 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION.
On March 15, 2023, our Board of Directors approved amended and restated bylaws (the “Second Amended and Restated Bylaws”), which became effective the same day. The amendments effected by the Second Amended and Restated Bylaws (i) clarify that stockholders have the right to amend the Company’s bylaws, (ii) address matters relating to the SEC’s adoption of the universal proxy rules in Rule 14a-19 of the Exchange Act, and (iii) clarify the adjournment procedures for virtual meetings of stockholders to reflect recent amendments to the Delaware General Corporation Law.
The foregoing description is not complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the Second Amended and Restated Bylaws, a copy of which is attached as Exhibit 3.2 hereto and is hereby incorporated by reference.
ITEM 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS.
Not applicable.
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PART III
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE.
Information regarding our directors and corporate governance is set forth under the captions “Proposal One: Election of Directors,” “Corporate Governance—Role of the Board,” “—Board Composition,” “—Board Policies and Practices,” “—Board Committees,” “—Corporate Governance Policies and Practices,” and “Beneficial Ownership of Shares” in the Proxy Statement for our 2023 annual meeting of stockholders (the “Proxy Statement”) and is incorporated herein by reference. Information regarding compliance with Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act is set forth under the caption “Beneficial Ownership of Shares—Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports” in the Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference. Information regarding executive officers is set forth herein under the caption “Executive Officers of Registrant” in Part I of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION.
Information regarding executive compensation is set forth under the captions “Director Compensation,” “Compensation Discussion and Analysis,” and “Corporate Governance—Board Policies and Practices—Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation” in the Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS.
Information regarding the security ownership of certain beneficial owners and management is set forth under the caption “Beneficial Ownership of Shares” in the Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.
The following table summarizes share and exercise price information about the Company's equity compensation plans as of January 28, 2023.
| Plan category | (a) Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights | (b) Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights | (c) Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plan (excluding securities reflected in column (a)) | |||||||||||||||||
| Equity compensation plans approved by security holders (1) | 4,522,323 | $ | 34.95 | (2) | 8,712,016 | |||||||||||||||
| Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Total | 4,522,323 | $ | 34.95 | 8,712,016 | ||||||||||||||||
________________
(1)Includes the Victoria's Secret & Co. 2021 Stock Option and Performance Incentive Plan.
(2)Does not include outstanding rights to receive common stock upon the vesting of restricted share awards.
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE.
Information regarding certain relationships and related transactions is set forth under the captions “Related Party Transactions” and “Corporate Governance—Board Composition—Director Independence” in the Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES.
Information regarding principal accountant fees and services is set forth under the captions “Proposal Three: Ratification of Appointment of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm—Fees of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” in the Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.
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PART IV
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
| (a) | (1) | Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| The following consolidated and combined financial statements of Victoria's Secret & Co. are filed as part of this report under Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated and Combined Statements of Income (Loss) for the Years Ended January 28, 2023, January 29, 2022 and January 30, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated and Combined Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Years Ended January 28, 2023, January 29, 2022 and January 30, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated Balance Sheets as of January 28, 2023 and January 29, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated and Combined Statements of Equity for the Years Ended January 28, 2023, January 29, 2022 and January 30, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated and Combined Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended January 28, 2023, January 29, 2022 and January 30, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Notes to Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (2) | Financial Statement Schedules | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedules have been omitted because they are not required or are not applicable or because the information required to be set forth therein either is not material or is included in the financial statements or notes thereto. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (3) | List of Exhibits | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2. | Plan of Acquisition, Reorganization, Arrangement, Liquidation or Succession | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3. | Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4. | Instruments Defining the Rights of Security Holders. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4.3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10. | Material Contracts. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| 10.1** | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.2** | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.3** | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.4** | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.5** | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.6** | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.7** | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.8** | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.9** | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.10** | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.11 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.12 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.13 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.14 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.15 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.16 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.17 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.18** | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.19 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.20** | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| 10.21 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.22 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.23^ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.24^ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 21.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 23.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 24.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 31.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 31.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 32.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 97.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 101.INS | XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 101.SCH | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 101.CAL | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 101.DEF | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Definition Linkbase Document | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 101.LAB | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 101.PRE | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
________________
| ** | Identifies management contracts or compensatory plans or arrangements. | ||||
| ^ | Certain exhibits and schedules have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(a)(5) of Regulation S-K. The registrant hereby undertakes to furnish supplementally a copy of any omitted exhibit or schedule upon request by the Securities and Exchange Commission. | ||||
(b)Exhibits.
The exhibits to this report are listed in section (a)(3) of Item 15 above.
(c)Not applicable.
ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY.
None.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or l5(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
Date: March 17, 2023
| VICTORIA'S SECRET & CO. (Registrant) | ||||||||
| By: | /s/ Timothy Johnson | |||||||
| Timothy Johnson Chief Financial and Administrative Officer | ||||||||
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated on March 17, 2023:
| Signature | Title | |||||||
| /s/ Martin Waters | Director and Chief Executive Officer | |||||||
| Martin Waters | (Principal Executive Officer) | |||||||
| /s/ Timothy Johnson | Chief Financial and Administrative Officer | |||||||
| Timothy Johnson | (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer) | |||||||
| /s/ Donna James* | Chair of the Board of Directors | |||||||
| Donna James | ||||||||
| /s/ Irene Chang Britt* | Director | |||||||
| Irene Chang Britt | ||||||||
| /s/ Jacqueline Hernández* | Director | |||||||
| Jacqueline Hernández | ||||||||
| /s/ Lauren Peters* | Director | |||||||
| Lauren Peters | ||||||||
| /s/ Sarah Davis* | Director | |||||||
| Sarah Davis | ||||||||
| /s/ Anne Sheehan* | Director | |||||||
| Anne Sheehan | ||||||||
| /s/ Mariam Naficy * | Director | |||||||
| Mariam Naficy | ||||||||
| * | The undersigned, by signing his name hereto, does hereby sign this report on behalf of each of the above-indicated directors of the registrant pursuant to powers of attorney executed by such directors. | ||||
| By: | /s/ Timothy Johnson | ||||
| Timothy Johnson Attorney-in-fact | |||||
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