Pension Plan and Employee Benefits | Note 10 — Pension Plan and Employee Benefits Pension Plan and Other Benefits Plan Employees hired before August 1, 2007, are covered by a non-contributory, defined benefit pension plan. Benefits under the plan reflect an employee’s years of service, age at retirement, and highest total average compensation for any consecutive five calendar years during the last ten years of employment with Cleco. Cleco’s policy is to base its contributions to the employee pension plan upon actuarial computations utilizing the projected unit credit method, subject to the IRS’s full funding limitation. Cleco did not make any required or discretionary contributions to the pension plan in 2018 and 2017, nor does it expect to make any in 2019. The required contributions are driven by liability funding target percentages set by law which could cause the required contributions to be uneven among the years. Based on funding assumptions at December 31, 2018, management estimates that $95.5 million in pension contributions will be required through 2023. Future discretionary contributions may be made depending on changes in assumptions, the ability to utilize the contribution as a tax deduction, and requirements concerning recognizing a minimum pension liability. Adverse changes in assumptions or adverse actual events could cause additional minimum contributions. The ultimate amount and timing of the contributions may be affected by changes in the discount rate, changes in the funding regulations, and actual returns on fund assets. Cleco Power is the plan sponsor and Support Group is the plan administrator. Cleco’s retirees may be eligible to receive Other Benefits. Dependents of Cleco’s retirees may also be eligible to receive Other Benefits with the exception of life insurance benefits. Cleco recognizes the expected cost of Other Benefits during the periods in which the benefits are earned. The employee pension plan and other benefits plan obligation, plan assets, and funded status at December 31, 2018 , and 2017 are presented in the following table: PENSION BENEFITS OTHER BENEFITS FOR THE YEAR ENDED DEC. 31, FOR THE YEAR ENDED DEC. 31, (THOUSANDS) 2018 2017 2018 2017 Change in benefit obligation Benefit obligation at beginning of period $ 567,215 $ 512,785 $ 43,203 $ 44,136 Service cost 9,507 9,039 1,320 1,446 Interest cost 20,860 21,648 1,465 1,569 Plan participants’ contributions — — 1,224 1,149 Actuarial (gain) loss (42,935 ) 46,686 (1,106 ) 437 Expenses paid (2,786 ) (3,020 ) — — Benefits paid (20,925 ) (19,923 ) (5,651 ) (5,534 ) Benefit obligation at end of period 530,936 567,215 40,455 43,203 Change in plan assets Fair value of plan assets at beginning of period 444,089 403,715 — — Actual return on plan assets (28,884 ) 63,317 — — Expenses paid (2,786 ) (3,020 ) — — Adjustment 439 — — — Benefits paid (20,925 ) (19,923 ) — — Fair value of plan assets at end of period 391,933 444,089 — — Unfunded status $ (139,003 ) $ (123,126 ) $ (40,455 ) $ (43,203 ) The employee pension plan accumulated benefit obligation at December 31, 2018 , and 2017 is presented in the following table: PENSION BENEFITS AT DEC. 31, (THOUSANDS) 2018 2017 Accumulated benefit obligation $ 491,522 $ 520,612 The following table presents the net actuarial gains/losses and prior service costs/credits included in other comprehensive income for other benefits and in regulatory assets for pension related to current year gains and losses as a result of being included in net periodic benefit costs for the employee pension plan and other benefits plan for December 31, 2018 , and 2017 : PENSION BENEFITS OTHER BENEFITS FOR THE YEAR ENDED DEC. 31, FOR THE YEAR ENDED DEC. 31, (THOUSANDS) 2018 2017 2018 2017 Net actuarial loss (gain) occurring during period $ 9,722 $ 7,434 $ (1,106 ) $ 437 Net actuarial loss (gain) amortized during period $ 12,313 $ 10,008 $ 135 $ (50 ) Prior service (credit) cost amortized during period $ (71 ) $ (71 ) $ — $ — The following table presents net actuarial gains/losses and prior service costs/credits in accumulated other comprehensive income for other benefits and in regulatory assets for pension that have not been recognized as components of net periodic benefit costs and the amounts expected to be recognized in 2019 for the employee pension plan and other benefits plans at December 31, 2019 , 2018 , and 2017 : PENSION BENEFITS OTHER BENEFITS AT DEC. 31, AT DEC. 31, (THOUSANDS) 2019 2018 2017 2019 2018 2017 Net actuarial loss (gain) $ 7,496 $ 140,377 $ 142,967 $ (151 ) $ 1,814 $ 2,779 Prior service credit $ (71 ) $ (131 ) $ (203 ) $ — $ — $ — The non-service components of net periodic pension and Other Benefits cost are included in Other expense within Cleco and Cleco Power’s Consolidated Statements of Income. The components of net periodic pension and other benefits costs for 2018 , 2017 , and 2016 are as follows: PENSION BENEFITS OTHER BENEFITS SUCCESSOR PREDECESSOR SUCCESSOR PREDECESSOR (THOUSANDS) FOR THE YEAR ENDED DEC. 31, 2018 FOR THE YEAR ENDED DEC. 31, 2017 APR. 13, 2016 - JAN. 1, 2016 - FOR THE YEAR ENDED DEC. 31, 2018 FOR THE YEAR ENDED DEC. 31, 2017 APR. 13, 2016 - JAN. 1, 2016 - Components of periodic benefit costs Service cost $ 9,507 $ 9,039 $ 6,909 $ 2,563 $ 1,320 $ 1,446 $ 1,112 $ 431 Interest cost 20,860 21,648 15,088 6,242 1,465 1,569 1,237 476 Expected return on plan assets (23,773 ) (24,064 ) (17,310 ) (6,812 ) — — — — Amortizations Prior service (credit) cost (71 ) (71 ) (51 ) (20 ) — — — 34 Net loss (gain) 12,312 10,008 8,138 2,798 135 (50 ) — 181 Net periodic benefit cost $ 18,835 $ 16,560 $ 12,774 $ 4,771 $ 2,920 $ 2,965 $ 2,349 $ 1,122 During the third quarter of 2016, management finalized its remeasurement of the pension plan as of April 13, 2016, associated with the 2016 Merger. On the date of the remeasurement, the discount rate decreased from 4.62% to 4.21% . Prior to the remeasurement, Cleco’s 2016 net periodic benefit cost for the pension plan was expected to be $15.9 million . Due to the remeasurement of the pension plan, Cleco’s 2016 net periodic benefit cost increased to $17.5 million . Because Cleco Power is the pension plan sponsor and the related trust holds the assets, the net unfunded status of the pension plan is reflected at Cleco Power. The liability of Cleco’s other subsidiaries is transferred with a like amount of assets to Cleco Power monthly. The expense of the pension plan related to Cleco’s other subsidiaries for the years ended December 31, 2018 , and 2017 was $2.0 million and $1.8 million , respectively. The expense of the pension plan related to Cleco’s other subsidiaries for the predecessor period January 1, 2016, through April 12, 2016, was $0.5 million . The expense of the pension plan related to Cleco’s other subsidiaries for the successor period April 13, 2016, through December 31, 2016, was $1.3 million . Cleco Holdings is the plan sponsor for the other benefit plans. There are no assets set aside in a trust and the liabilities are reported on the individual subsidiaries’ financial statements. The expense related to other benefits reflected in Cleco Power’s Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 , and 2016 was $3.3 million , $3.3 million , and $3.5 million , respectively. The current and non-current portions of the other benefits liability for Cleco and Cleco Power at December 31, 2018 , and 2017 are as follows: Cleco AT DEC. 31, (THOUSANDS) 2018 2017 Current $ 4,130 $ 4,061 Non-current $ 36,325 $ 39,142 Cleco Power AT DEC. 31, (THOUSANDS) 2018 2017 Current $ 3,584 $ 3,525 Non-current $ 31,694 $ 34,033 The measurement date used to determine the pension and other postretirement benefits is December 31. The assumptions used to determine the benefit obligation and the periodic costs are as follows: PENSION BENEFITS OTHER BENEFITS AT DEC. 31, AT DEC. 31, 2018 2017 2018 2017 Weighted-average assumptions used to determine the benefit obligation Discount rate 4.35 % 3.73 % 4.16 % 3.47 % Rate of compensation increase 2.93 % 2.98 % N/A N/A PENSION BENEFITS OTHER BENEFITS SUCCESSOR PREDECESSOR SUCCESSOR PREDECESSOR FOR THE YEAR ENDED DEC. 31, 2018 FOR THE YEAR ENDED DEC. 31, 2017 APR. 13, 2016 - JAN. 1, 2016 - FOR THE YEAR ENDED DEC. 31, 2018 FOR THE YEAR ENDED DEC. 31, 2017 APR. 13, 2016 - JAN. 1, 2016 - Weighted-average assumptions used to determine the net benefit cost Discount rate 3.73 % 4.27 % 4.21 % 4.62 % 3.47 % 3.81 % 4.08 % 4.08 % Expected return on plan assets 5.86 % 6.08 % 6.21 % 6.21 % N/A N/A N/A N/A Rate of compensation increase 2.93 % 2.98 % 3.03 % 3.03 % N/A N/A N/A N/A The expected return on plan assets was determined by examining the risk profile of each target category as compared to the expected return on that risk, within the parameters determined by the retirement committee. The result was also compared to the expected rate of return of other comparable plans. In assessing the risk as compared to return profile, historical returns as compared to risk were considered. The historical risk compared to returns was adjusted for the expected future long-term relationship between risk and return. The adjustment for the future risk compared to returns was, in part, subjective and not based on any measurable or observable events. For the calculation of the 2019 periodic expense, Cleco increased the expected long-term return on plan assets to 6.55% . Cleco expects pension expense to decrease in 2019 by approximately $7.2 million due to an increase in the discount rate and an increase in expected return on plan assets. Employee pension plan assets are invested in accordance with the Pension Plan’s Investment Policy Statement. At December 31, 2018 , allowable investments included U.S. Equity Portfolios, International Equity - Developed Markets Portfolios, Emerging Markets Equity Portfolios, Multi-Asset Credits, Treasury Separate Trading of Registered Interest and Principal of Securities (STRIPS), Fixed Income Portfolios, Fixed Income Portfolios - Long Credit, and Real Estate Portfolios. Real estate funds and the pooled separate accounts are stated at estimated market value based on appraisal reports prepared annually by independent real estate appraisers (members of the American Institute of Real Estate Appraisers). The estimated market value of recently acquired properties is assumed to approximate cost. Fair Value Disclosures Cleco classifies assets and liabilities measured at their fair value according to three different levels, depending on the inputs used in determining fair value. • Level 1 – unadjusted quoted prices in active, liquid markets for the identical asset or liability, • Level 2 – quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or other inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, including inputs that can be corroborated by observable market data, observable interest rate yield curves and volatilities, and • Level 3 – unobservable inputs based upon the entities’ own assumptions. There have been no changes in the methodologies for determining fair value at December 31, 2018 , and 2017 . The following tables disclose the pension plan’s fair value of financial assets measured on a recurring basis: (THOUSANDS) AT DEC. 31, 2018 QUOTED PRICES IN ACTIVE MARKETS FOR IDENTICAL ASSETS (LEVEL 1) SIGNIFICANT OTHER OBSERVABLE INPUTS (LEVEL 2) SIGNIFICANT UNOBSERVABLE INPUTS (LEVEL 3) Asset Description Cash equivalents $ 2,471 $ — $ 2,471 $ — Common stock 13,111 13,111 — — Obligations of Government, Government Agencies, and state and local governments 19,831 — 19,831 — Mutual funds Domestic 79,210 79,210 — — International 43,418 43,418 — — Real estate funds 20,298 — — 20,298 Corporate debt 138,391 — 138,391 — Total $ 316,730 $ 135,739 $ 160,693 $ 20,298 Investments measured at net asset value* 73,100 Interest accrual 2,103 Total net assets $ 391,933 *Investments measured at net asset value consist of Common/collective trust. (THOUSANDS) AT DEC. 31, 2017 QUOTED PRICES IN ACTIVE MARKETS FOR IDENTICAL ASSETS (LEVEL 1) SIGNIFICANT OTHER OBSERVABLE INPUTS (LEVEL 2) SIGNIFICANT UNOBSERVABLE INPUTS (LEVEL 3) Asset Description Cash equivalents $ 4,825 $ — $ 4,825 $ — Common stock 17,655 17,655 — — Obligations of Government, Government Agencies, and state and local governments 50,852 — 50,852 — Mutual funds Domestic 58,617 58,617 — — International 36,970 36,970 — — Real estate funds 19,195 — — 19,195 Corporate debt 204,835 — 204,835 — Total $ 392,949 $ 113,242 $ 260,512 $ 19,195 Investments measured at net asset value* 48,103 Interest accrual 3,037 Total net assets $ 444,089 *Investments measured at net asset value consist of Common/collective trust. Level 3 valuations are derived from other valuation methodologies including pricing models, discounted cash flow models, and similar techniques. Level 3 valuations incorporate subjective judgments and consider assumptions including capitalization rates, discount rates, cash flows, and other factors that are not observable in the market. Significant increases or decreases in any of those inputs in isolation would result in a significantly different fair value measurement. The following is a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the pension plan’s real estate funds measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) during the years ended December 31, 2018 , and 2017 : (THOUSANDS) Balance, Dec. 31, 2016 $ 18,668 Realized losses (2,365 ) Unrealized gains 2,674 Purchases 649 Sales (431 ) Balance, Dec. 31, 2017 $ 19,195 Realized gains 29 Unrealized gains 391 Purchases 710 Sales (27 ) Balance, Dec. 31, 2018 $ 20,298 The market-related value of plan assets differs from the fair value of plan assets by the amount of deferred asset gains or losses. Actual asset returns that differ from the expected return on plan assets are deferred and recognized in the market-related value of assets on a straight-line basis over a five-year period. For 2018 , the return on plan assets was (7.31)% compared to an expected long-term return of 5.86% . The 2017 return on pension plan assets was 16.32% compared to an expected long-term return of 6.08% . As of December 31, 2018 , none of the pension plan participants’ future annual benefits are covered by insurance contracts. Pension Plan Investment Objectives Cleco’s retirement committee has established investment performance objectives of the pension plan assets. Over a three- to five-year period, the objectives are for the pension plan’s annualized total return to: • Exceed the (FAS) actuarial assumed rate of return on plan assets, and • Exceed the annualized total return of the following customized index (based on the target allocation in the glide path) consisting of a mixture of S&P 500 Index, Russell 2500 Index, Morgan Stanley Capital International All Country World ex U.S. Index, Morgan Stanley Capital International Emerging Markets Index, Customer Index related to Multi-Asset Credit asset class, Bloomberg Barclays Capital Long Credit Index, Bloomberg Barclays 15+ Year Treasury Separate Trading of Registered Interest and Principal of Securities (STRIPS), and National Council of Real Estate Investment Fiduciaries Index. Risk characteristics of the portfolio (annualized standard deviation of returns) should be similar to or less than the custom index. In order to meet the objectives and to control risk, the retirement committee has established the following guidelines that the investment managers must follow: U.S. Domestic Equity Portfolios • Equity holdings of a single company (including common stock and convertible securities) must not exceed 10% of the manager’s portfolio measured at market value. • A minimum of 25 stocks should be owned in the portfolio. • Equity holdings in a single sector should not exceed the lesser of three times the sector’s weighting in the S&P 500 Index or 35% of the portfolio. • Equity holdings should represent at least 90% of the portfolio. • Marketable common stocks, preferred stocks convertible into common stocks, and fixed income securities convertible into common stocks are the only permissible equity investments. • Securities in foreign entities denominated in U.S. dollars are limited to 10%. Securities denominated in currencies other than U.S. dollars are not permitted. • The purchase of securities on margin and short sales is prohibited. International Equity - Developed Markets Portfolio • Equity holdings of a single company (including common stock and convertible securities) should not exceed 5% of the manager’s portfolio measured at market value. • A minimum of 30 stocks should be owned. • Equity holdings in a single sector should not exceed 35%. • A minimum of 50% of the countries within the Morgan Stanley Capital International All Country World ex U.S. Index should be represented within the portfolio. The allocation to an individual country should not exceed the lesser of 30% or 5 times the country’s weighting within the Morgan Stanley Capital International All Country World ex U.S. Index. • Currency hedging decisions are at the discretion of the investment manager. Emerging Markets Portfolio • Equity holdings in any single company should not exceed 10% of the manager’s portfolio. • A minimum of 30 individual stocks should be owned. • Equity holdings of a single industry should not exceed 25%. • Equity investments must represent at least 75% of the manager’s portfolio. • A minimum of three countries should be represented within the manager’s portfolio. • Illiquid securities which are not readily marketable may represent no more than 10% of the manager’s portfolio. • Currency hedging decisions are at the discretion of the investment manager. Multi-Asset Credit • Assets can include, but would not be limited to, high yield debt, emerging market debt, global investment grade credit and bank loans, as well as fixed income strategies. • Currency hedging decisions are the discretion of the investment manager. Treasury STRIPS • The STRIPS are synthetic zero-coupon bonds that are created by separating each coupon and principal payment of a treasury bond into a separate security. STRIPS take the form of a zero-coupon bond which is sold at a discount to face value and mature at par. They are backed by US Treasury securities. • Implementation of the portfolio is either through Treasury Futures or purchase of Treasury STRIPS through an investment manager. • The benchmark would be Bloomberg Barclays 15+ Year Treasury STRIPS. Fixed Income Portfolio - Long Credit • Permitted assets include U.S. government and agency securities, corporate securities, mortgage-backed securities, investment-grade private placements, surplus notes, trust preferred, e-caps and hybrids, money-market securities, and senior and subordinated debt. • At least 90% of securities must be U.S. dollar denominated. • At least 70% of the securities must be investment-grade credit. • Securities must have a maximum position size of 5% for A rated securities and 3% for BBB rated securities. • The duration of the portfolio must be within +/- 1 year of benchmark. • Treasury STRIPS managers will have the discretion to utilize U.S. treasury futures and STRIPS as needed to adjust the portfolio duration. Real Estate Portfolios • Real estate funds should be invested primarily in direct equity positions, with debt and other investments representing less than 25% of the fund. • Leverage should be no more than 70% of the market value of the fund. • Investments should be focused on existing income-producing properties, with land and development properties representing less than 40% of the fund. The use of futures and options positions which leverage portfolio positions through borrowing, short sales, or other encumbrances of the Plan’s assets is prohibited. The Long Duration fixed income managers and Treasury STRIPS manger(s) are exempt from the prohibition on derivatives use, due to the nature of long duration fixed income management. Currency hedging is permitted for international investing. The investment manager of affiliated securities shall not purchase any securities of its organization or affiliated entities. The following chart shows the dynamic asset allocation based on the funded ratio at December 31, 2018 : PERCENT OF TOTAL PLAN ASSETS AT DEC. 31, 2018 MINIMUM TARGET MAXIMUM Return-seeking Domestic equity 20 % International equity 20 % Multi-asset credit 6 % Real estate 4 % Total return-seeking 45 % 50 % 55 % Liability hedging* 45 % 50 % 55 % *Liability hedging has no target subcategories. The assumed health care cost trend rates used to measure the expected cost of other benefits is 5.0% for 2019 and remains at 5.0% thereafter. The rate used for 2018 was also 5.0% . Assumed health care cost trend rates have a limited effect on the amount reported for Cleco’s health care plans. A one-percentage point change in assumed health care cost trend rates would have the following effects on other benefits: ONE-PERCENTAGE POINT (THOUSANDS) INCREASE DECREASE Effect on total of service and interest cost components $ 13 $ (15 ) Effect on postretirement benefit obligation $ 194 $ (215 ) The projected benefit payments for the employee pension plan and other benefits obligation plan for each year through 2023 and the next five years thereafter are listed in the following table: (THOUSANDS) PENSION BENEFITS OTHER BENEFITS, GROSS For the year ending Dec. 31, 2019 $ 22,868 $ 4,215 2020 $ 24,042 $ 4,071 2021 $ 25,180 $ 3,936 2022 $ 26,373 $ 3,856 2023 $ 27,512 $ 3,716 Next five years $ 154,047 $ 16,615 SERP Certain Cleco officers are covered by SERP. In 2014, SERP was closed to new participants; however, with regard to current SERP participants, including former employees or their beneficiaries, all terms of SERP will continue, other than as described below. SERP is a non-qualified, non-contributory, defined benefit pension plan. Generally, benefits under the plan reflect an employee’s years of service, age at retirement, and the sum of (a) the highest base salary paid out over the last five calendar years and (b) the average of the five highest cash bonuses paid during the 60 months prior to retirement. SERP benefits are reduced by retirement benefits received from any other defined benefit pension plan, supplemental executive retirement plan, or Cleco contributions under the enhanced 401(k) Plan to the extent such contributions exceed the amount the employee would have received under the terms of the original 401(k) Plan. In accordance with the SERP plan document and the Merger Agreement, four executive officers received enhanced benefits, and upon termination of employment, two of these executive officers received accelerated vesting. Another executive officer received enhanced SERP benefits, net of other postretirement benefits, as part of a separation agreement. Two executive officers’ SERP benefits were capped as of December 31, 2017, with regard to final compensation; however, adjustments will continue with regard to age and tenure with Cleco. Additionally, these executive officers had their annual bonuses set at target rather than actual awards for years 2016 and 2017 for the average incentive award portion of their SERP benefit calculation. A third executive officer’s SERP benefit amount will be set at a specified amount based upon the year of separation. Management reviews current market trends as it evaluates Cleco’s future compensation strategy. Cleco does not fund the SERP liability, but instead pays for current benefits out of the general funds available. Cleco Power has formed a rabbi trust. The life insurance policies issued on SERP participants designate the rabbi trust as the beneficiary. Market conditions could have a significant impact on the cash surrender value of the life insurance policies. Proceeds from the life insurance policies are expected to be used to pay the SERP participants’ death benefits, as well as future SERP payments. However, because SERP is a non-qualified plan, the assets of the trust could be used to satisfy general creditors of Cleco Power in the event of insolvency. All SERP benefits are paid out of the general cash available of the respective companies that employed the officer. Cleco Power is the plan sponsor and Support Group is the plan administrator. SERP’s funded status at December 31, 2018 , and 2017 is presented in the following table: SERP BENEFITS FOR THE YEAR ENDED DEC. 31, (THOUSANDS) 2018 2017 Change in benefit obligation Benefit obligation at beginning of period $ 84,339 $ 78,045 Service cost 542 494 Interest cost 3,077 3,239 Actuarial (gain) loss (5,163 ) 6,442 Benefits paid (4,381 ) (4,376 ) Plan amendments — 180 Special/contractual termination benefits — 315 Benefit obligation at end of period $ 78,414 $ 84,339 SERP’s accumulated benefit obligation at December 31, 2018 , and 2017 is presented in the following table: SERP BENEFITS AT DEC. 31, (THOUSANDS) 2018 2017 Accumulated benefit obligation $ 78,414 $ 84,339 The following table presents net actuarial gains/losses and prior service costs/credits included in other comprehensive income or regulatory assets related to current year gains and losses as a result of being amortized as a component of net periodic benefit costs for SERP for December 31, 2018 , and 2017 : SERP BENEFITS FOR THE YEAR ENDED DEC. 31, (THOUSANDS) 2018 2017 Net actuarial (gain) loss occurring during year $ (5,163 ) $ 6,622 Net actuarial loss amortized during year $ 2,913 $ 2,105 Prior service credit amortized during year $ (160 ) $ (190 ) The following table presents net actuarial losses and prior service credit in accumulated other comprehensive income and regulatory assets that have not been recognized as components of net periodic benefit costs and the amounts expected to be recognized in 2019 for SERP at December 31, 2019 , 2018 , and 2017 : SERP BENEFITS AT DEC. 31, (THOUSANDS) 2019 2018 2017 Net actuarial loss $ 1,729 $ 17,261 $ 25,336 Prior service credit $ (160 ) $ (1,837 ) $ (1,997 ) The non-service components of net periodic benefit cost related to SERP are included in Other expense within Cleco and Cleco Power’s Consolidated Statements of Income. The components of the net SERP costs for 2018 , 2017 , and 2016 are as follows: SERP BENEFITS SUCCESSOR PREDECESSOR (THOUSANDS) FOR THE YEAR ENDED DEC. 31, 2018 FOR THE YEAR ENDED DEC. 31, 2017 APR. 13, 2016 - DEC. 31, 2016 JAN. 1, 2016 - Components of periodic benefit costs Service cost $ 542 $ 494 $ 571 $ 702 Interest cost 3,077 3,239 2,275 900 Amortizations Prior service (credit) cost (160 ) (190 ) (50 ) 17 Net loss 2,913 2,105 1,651 574 Net periodic benefit cost 6,372 5,648 4,447 2,193 Curtailment charge — — — 3,602 Special/contractual termination benefits — 315 — 3,222 Total benefit cost $ 6,372 $ 5,963 $ 4,447 $ 9,017 There was a remeasurement of SERP at April 13, 2016, to reflect change in control benefits as a result of the 2016 Merger. On the date of the remeasurement, the discount rate decreased from 4.60% to 4.15% . This remeasurement resulted in a $3.6 million curtailment charge and $3.2 million of special/contractual termination benefits. The curtailments and special/contractual termination benefits are included in 2016 Merger transaction and commitment costs on Cleco’s Consolidated Statements of Income. There was an additional remeasurement of SERP at August 31, 2016, to reflect changes to the plan relating to three executive officers’ SERP benefits being capped as of December 31, 2017, with regard to final compensation. On the date of the remeasurement, the discount rate decreased from 4.15% to 3.47% . There was a remeasurement of SERP at March 30, 2017, to reflect a special termination benefit resulting from an executive officer’s separation agreement. On the date of the remeasurement, the discount rate decreased from 4.22% to 4.08% . This remeasurement resulted in a special termination benefit for the executive officer of $0.3 million . The measurement date used to determine the SERP benefits is December 31. The assumptions used to determine the benefit obligation and the periodic costs are as follows: SERP BENEFITS AT DEC. 31, 2018 2017 Weighted-average assumptions used to determine the benefit obligation Discount rate 4.34 % 3.70 % Rate of compensation increase 5.00 % 5.00 % SERP BENEFITS SUCCESSOR PREDECESSOR JAN. 1, 2018 - DEC. 31, 2018 MAR. 31, 2017 - DEC. 31, 2017 JAN. 1, 2017 - MAR. 30, 2017 SEPT. 1, 2016 - DEC. 31, 2016 APR. 13, 2016 - AUG. 31, 2016 JAN. 1, 2016 - Weighted-average assumptions used to determine the net benefit cost Discount rate 3.70 % 4.08 % 4.22 % 3.47 % 4.15 % 4.60 % Rate of compensation increase 5.00 % 5.00 % 5.00 % 5.00 % 5.00 % 5.00 % The expense related to SERP reflected on Cleco Power’s Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 , and 2016 was $1.4 million , $1.3 million , and $1.4 million , respectively. Liabilities relating to SERP are reported on the individual subsidiaries’ financial statements. The current and non-current portions of the SERP liability for Cleco and Cleco Power at December 31, 2018 , and 2017 are as follows: Cleco AT DEC. 31, (THOUSANDS) 2018 2017 Current $ 4,478 $ 4,471 Non-current $ 73,936 $ 79,868 Cleco Power AT DEC. 31, (THOUSANDS) 2018 2017 Current $ 930 $ 929 Non-current $ 12,025 $ 16,589 The projected benefit payments for SERP for each year through 2023 and the next five years thereafter are shown in the following table: (THOUSANDS) 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 NEXT FIVE YEARS SERP $ 4,574 $ 4,670 $ 4,755 $ 4,754 $ 4,755 $ 24,717 401(k) Cleco’s 401(k) Plan is intended to provide active, eligible employees with voluntary, long-term savings and investment opportunities. The 401(k) Plan is a defined contribution plan and is subject to the applicable provisions of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974. In accordance with the 401(k) Plan, employer contributions are made in the form of cash. Cash contributions are invested in proportion to the participant’s voluntary contribution investment choices. Participation in the Plan is voluntary and active Cleco employees are eligible to participate. Cleco’s 401(k) Plan expense for the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 , and 2016 was as follows: SUCCESSOR PREDECESSOR (THOUSANDS) FOR THE YEAR ENDED DEC. 31, 2018 FOR THE YEAR ENDED DEC. 31, 2017 APR. 13, 2016 - DEC. 31, 2016 JAN. 1, 2016 - 401(k) Plan expense $ 5,884 $ 5,386 $ 3,554 $ 1,593 Cleco Power is the plan sponsor for the 401(k) Plan. The expense of the 401(k) Plan related to Cleco’s other subsidiaries for the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 , and 2016 was as follows: SUCCESSOR PREDECESSOR (THOUSANDS) FOR THE YEAR ENDED DEC. 31, 2018 FOR THE YEAR ENDED DEC. 31, 2017 APR. 13, 2016 - DEC. 31, 2016 JAN. 1, 2016 - 401(k) Plan expense $ 1,066 $ 888 $ 554 $ 319 |