Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Note 3 Summary of Significant Accounting Policies The significant accounting policies of the Company and its subsidiaries are summarized below. Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an initial maturity date of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Funds held as investments in money market funds are included within cash and cash equivalents. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, the Company had $30.0 million and $50.0 million, respectively, invested in money market accounts. Accounts Receivable Accounts receivable includes billed and unbilled receivables, net of allowances, including the allowance for credit losses. Billed accounts receivable are initially recorded upon the invoicing to clients with payment due within 30 days. Unbilled accounts receivable represent revenue recognized on contracts for which the timing of invoicing to clients differs from the timing of revenue recognition. Unbilled accounts receivable was $2.4 million and $2.0 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Contract assets included in unbilled accounts receivable were $1.7 million and $1.5 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company maintains an allowance for credit losses at an amount estimated to be sufficient to provide adequate protection against losses resulting from extending credit to its clients. The Company regularly determines the adequacy of the allowance based on its assessment of the collectability of the accounts receivable by considering the age of each outstanding invoice, the collection history of each client, an evaluation of the current expected risk of credit loss, and other client-specific factors with a bearing on receivables. The Company assesses collectability by reviewing accounts receivable on an aggregated basis where similar characteristics exist and on an individual basis for specific clients with historical collectability issues or known financial difficulties. Increases to the allowance are recognized as a charge to credit losses included in general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations. Accounts receivable deemed uncollectible are charged against the allowance for credit losses when identified. The Company's allowance for credit losses is as follows (in thousands): Balance at December 31, 2021 $ 791 Changes to the provision 1,158 Accounts written off, net of recoveries (724) Balance at December 31, 2022 1,225 Adoption of ASU 2016-13 149 Changes to the provision 705 Accounts written off, net of recoveries (987) Balance at December 31, 2023 $ 1,092 Leases The Company determines at contract inception if the contract is or contains a lease. The Company records right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and lease obligations for its leases, which are initially recognized at the commencement date based on the discounted future lease payments over the term of the lease. As the rates implicit in the Company’s leases are not readily determinable, the Company determines the present value of the lease liability using its incremental borrowing rate at the lease commencement date. Incremental borrowing rates for domestic currency leases are calculated using the Company’s credit adjusted risk-free rate. Foreign-denominated lease payments are discounted using country-specific treasury rates adjusted for credit spread. The Company does not record an ROU asset and lease obligation for its short-term leases, which are defined as leases with an initial term of 12 months or less. The Company has elected not to separate lease and non-lease components. Property, Equipment, and Software, Net Property, equipment, and software is stated at historical cost, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization are computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the individual assets, except for leasehold improvements, which are depreciated over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset or the underlying lease term. Also included in property, equipment, and software are capitalized costs of software developed for internal use. The useful lives of property, equipment, and software are as follows: Property, Equipment, and Software Asset Type Estimated Useful Lives Software development costs 3 years Computers 3 years Furniture, fixtures, and equipment 5 years Leasehold improvements Shorter of estimated economic useful life or remaining lease term Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. Upon retirement or disposition, the cost and related accumulated depreciation or amortization is removed from the accounts and any gain or loss is included in operating income. Software Development Costs The Company capitalizes certain qualifying costs, including stock-based compensation expense, incurred in the development of and major enhancements to the Company's cloud-based software as a service (“SaaS”) platform and related software products. Capitalized software development costs related to the Company's platform are amortized on a straight-line basis over the developed software's estimated useful life of three years, and the related amortization expense is recorded in cost of revenues within our consolidated statements of operations. Costs incurred in the preliminary stages of development are expensed as incurred. Costs incurred for post-implementation activities, training, maintenance, and minor upgrades and enhancements without adding additional functionality are expensed as incurred within technology and development expense in our consolidated statements of operations. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets The Company evaluates the carrying value of long-lived assets in accordance with the accounting standard for impairment or disposal of long-lived assets, which requires recognition of impairment of long-lived assets in the event that circumstances indicate impairment may have occurred and when the net carrying value of such asset group exceeds the future undiscounted cash flows attributed to such asset group. The Company assesses the impairment of long-lived assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. No impairment of long-lived assets occurred during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021. Fair Value of Financial Instruments Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (i.e., the exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Accounting standards establish a hierarchal framework, which prioritizes and ranks the level of market price observability used in measuring assets and liabilities at fair value. Market price observability is impacted by a number of factors, including the type of investment and the characteristics specific to the investment. Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on market data obtained from independent sources. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available. Assets and liabilities measured and reported at fair value are classified and disclosed in one of the following categories: Level 1 Inputs are quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets; Level 2 Inputs are quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs are observable in active markets; Level 3 Inputs are valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs are unobservable. The Company has investments in money market accounts, which are included in cash and cash equivalents on the consolidated balance sheets. Fair value inputs for these investments are considered Level 1 measurements within the fair value hierarchy, as money market account fair values are known and observable through daily published floating net asset values. Annual Bonus Incentive Plan Stock Compensation Revenue Recognition The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification 606 (“ASC 606”), Revenue from Contracts with Customers ● Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a client; ● Identification of the performance obligation in the contract; ● Determination of transaction price; ● Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and ● Recognition of revenue when, or as, performance obligations are satisfied. Platform subscriptions revenues Platform subscriptions revenues consist primarily of user fees to provide our clients access to our cloud-based solution. Fees consider various components such as number of users, connectivity, trading volume, data usage and product coverage. Platform subscriptions clients do not have the right to take possession of the platform’s software and do not have any general return right. Platform subscriptions revenues are recognized ratably over the period of contractually enforceable rights and obligations, beginning on the date the client gains access to the platform. Installed payments are generally invoiced at the end of each calendar month during the subscription term. There is no financing available. Managed services revenues Managed services revenues primarily consist of client-selected middle- and back-office, technology-powered services. Managed services revenues are recognized ratably over the period of contractually enforceable rights and obligations, beginning on the contract effective date. Clients are invoiced a set fee for managed services typically at the end of each month. Generally, invoices have a 30-day payment period in accordance with the associated contract. There is no financing available. Other revenues Other revenues consist of non-subscription-based revenues primarily data conversion. The Company recognizes revenues as these services are performed with invoicing generally occurring at the end of each month. Service contracts with multiple performance obligations Certain of the Company’s contracts provide for customers to be charged a fee for implementation services. In determining whether the implementation services, which frequently include configuration and/or interfacing, customer reporting, customizing user permissions and acceptance testing, end-user training, and establishing connections with third-party interfaces, are distinct from its platform subscription services, the Company considers, in addition to their complexity and level of customization, that these services are integral in delivering the customer desired output and are necessary for the customer to access and begin to use the hosted application. The implementation provider must be intimately familiar with its platform to effectively execute the customization required, and no other entities have access to the source code. The Company has concluded that the implementation services in its service contracts with multiple performance obligations are not distinct, and therefore, the Company recognizes fees for implementation services ratably over the non-cancelable term of the contract. Remaining performance obligations For the Company’s contracts that exceed one year and do not include a termination for convenience clause, the amount of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations as of December 31, 2023 was $29.1 million and is expected to be recognized based on the below schedule (in thousands). Remaining Performance Obligation December 31, 2023 2024 $ 18,227 2025 8,845 2026 1,986 2027 64 2028 — Total $ 29,122 Disaggregation of revenue The Company’s total revenues by geographic region, based on the client’s physical location is presented in the following table (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 Geographic Region Amount Percent Amount Percent Amount Percent Americas* $ 108,506 62.1 % $ 95,122 63.3 % $ 72,994 65.3 % Europe, Middle East, and Africa (EMEA) 26,122 15.0 % 20,051 13.3 % 13,491 12.1 % Asia Pacific (APAC) 39,907 22.9 % 35,176 23.4 % 25,215 22.6 % Total revenues $ 174,535 100.0 % $ 150,349 100.0 % $ 111,700 100.0 % * Includes revenues from clients based in the United States (country of domicile) of $104.5 million, $92.8 million, and $71.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. Deferred commissions The Company pays sales commissions for initial contracts and expansions of existing contracts with customers. These commissions earned by certain of its sales force are considered incremental and recoverable costs of obtaining a contract with a customer. Sales commissions paid where the amortization period is one year or less are expensed as incurred. All other sales commissions are deferred and then amortized on a straight-line basis over a period of benefit that the Company has determined to be three years. The Company determined the period of benefit by taking into consideration its standard contract terms and conditions, rate of technological change, and other factors. Amortization expense is included in sales and marketing expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. The balance of deferred commissions as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was $3.5 million and $2.8 million, respectively, and is included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets. The amount of amortization expense recognized during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 was $1.4 million, $845 thousand, and $228 thousand, respectively. Cost of Revenues Cost of revenues consists primarily of personnel-related costs associated with the delivery of the Company’s software and services, including base salaries, bonuses, employee benefits and related costs. Additionally, cost of revenues includes amortization of capitalized software development costs, allocated overhead and certain direct data and hosting costs. Technology and Development Technology and development expenses consist primarily of employee-related expenses for the Company’s software development. Additional expenses include costs related to the development, maintenance, quality assurance and testing of new technologies, and ongoing refinement of the Company’s existing solutions. Technology and development expenses, other than software development costs qualifying for capitalization, including costs associated with preliminary project stage activities, training, maintenance, and all other post-implementation stage activities are expensed as incurred. Advertising Costs The Company expenses advertising costs as incurred. Advertising costs incurred were approximately $1.5 million, $1.5 million, and $1.2 million during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. Stock-Based Compensation In October 2021, in connection with the IPO, the Company adopted the 2021 Stock Option and Incentive Plan, (the “2021 Plan”). The 2021 Plan allows the Company’s Compensation Committee to make incentive awards to its officers, employees, directors, and service providers. The Company also adopted the 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “2021 ESPP”). The Company measures stock-based compensation expense for its share-based payment awards at fair value on the grant date. The fair value of share-based payment awards is determined using the fair market value of the underlying Class A common stock on the date of grant. The Company applied a discount for lack of marketability, estimated using the Finnerty Model, to the fair value of awards with post-vesting restrictions, which includes the vested shares of Class A common stock and the Contingently Issuable Shares (as defined below) issued on the IPO effectiveness date (as defined below). For restricted stock units (“RSUs”) for which vesting is subject to the achievement of a market condition, the Company determines the fair value of these RSUs using the Monte Carlo method. The Monte Carlo simulations used to estimate the fair value include subjective assumptions, including the fair value of the underlying common stock, expected volatility of the price of the Company’s common stock, risk-free interest rate, expected dividend yield of common stock, and the Company’s cost of equity capital. The Company records forfeitures as they occur. The cost of services received from employees and non-employees in exchange for awards of equity instruments is recognized in the consolidated statements of operations based on the estimated fair value of those awards on the grant date or reporting date, if required to be remeasured, and amortized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. Income (Loss) Per Share Income (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to the Company by the number of weighted average shares of Class A common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted income (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to the Company by the number of weighted-average shares of Class A common stock outstanding during the period after adjusting for the impact of securities that would have a dilutive effect on income (loss) per share. See Note 12, Income (Loss) Per Class A Common Share, All income (loss) for the period prior to the IPO were entirely allocable to Enfusion Ltd. LLC. and its historic non-controlling interest. Due to the impact of the Reorganization Transactions, the Company’s capital structure for the pre- and post-IPO periods is not comparable. As a result, the presentation of income (loss) per share for the periods prior to the IPO and Reorganizational Transactions is not meaningful and only income (loss) per share for the period subsequent to the IPO and Reorganizational Transactions is presented herein. Non-Controlling Interest Non-controlling interests represent the portion of profit or loss, net assets, and comprehensive income (loss) of its consolidated subsidiaries that are not allocable to the Company based on its percentage of ownership of such entities. Income Taxes The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method, and deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying values of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company recognizes deferred tax assets to the extent that it is believed that these assets are more likely than not to be realized. In making such a determination, the Company considers all available positive and negative evidence, including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income, tax-planning strategies, carryback potential if permitted under the tax law, and results of recent operations. A valuation allowance is provided if it is determined that it is more likely than not that the deferred tax asset will not be realized. The Company evaluates and accounts for uncertain tax positions using a two-step approach. Recognition (step one) occurs when the Company concludes that a tax position, based solely on its technical merits, is more-likely-than-not to be sustainable upon examination. Measurement (step two) determines the amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. Derecognition of a tax position that was previously recognized would occur when the Company subsequently determines that a tax position no longer meets the more-likely-than-not threshold of being sustained. The Company records interest (and penalties where applicable), net of any applicable related income tax benefit, on potential income tax contingencies as a component of income tax expense in the consolidated statements of operations. Tax Receivable Agreement (TRA) The Company accounts for amounts payable under the Tax Receivable Agreement in accordance with ASC 450, Contingencies Concentration of Risk Deposits with Financial Institutions The Company has concentrated its credit risk for cash by maintaining deposits in several financial institutions, which may at times exceed amounts covered by insurance provided by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts and believes it is not exposed to any significant credit risk related to cash. Accounts Receivable As of December 31, 2023, the Company had one individual client that represented 10% or more of accounts receivables. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, no individual client represented more than 10% of the Company’s total revenues. Translation of Foreign Currencies Assets and liabilities denominated in the functional currency of the Company’s international subsidiaries are translated to its reporting currency using the exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. Results from operations are translated using the average exchange rates prevailing throughout the year. The effects of exchange rate fluctuations on translating foreign currency assets and liabilities into U.S. dollars are accumulated as part of the foreign currency translation adjustment in accumulated other comprehensive loss in the consolidated balance sheets. Foreign currency balances for monetary assets and liabilities are remeasured into the entity’s functional currency at the balance sheet date, and fluctuations in value are recorded within other income (expense) in the consolidated statements of operations. Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13 and ASU 2018-19, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments January 1, 2023 recognized the cumulative effect of initially applying the guidance as a $149 thousand addition to its existing reserve with an offsetting adjustment to accumulated deficit. Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topics 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures |