CytoMed Therapeutics Limited (GDTC) 20-F 22 Apr 24 2023 FY Annual report (foreign) Financial data

Cover

Cover - shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Apr. 22, 2024
Entity Addresses [Line Items]
Document Type	20-F
Amendment Flag	false
Document Registration Statement	false
Document Annual Report	true
Document Transition Report	false
Document Shell Company Report	false
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2023
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity File Number	001-41677
Entity Registrant Name	CytoMed Therapeutics Limited
Entity Central Index Key	0001873093
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	U0
Entity Address, Address Line One	1 Commonwealth Lane
Entity Address, Address Line Two	#08-22
Entity Address, Country	SG
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	149544
Title of 12(b) Security	Ordinary shares, no par value per share
Trading Symbol	GDTC
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	No
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	No
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Emerging Growth Company	true
Elected Not To Use the Extended Transition Period	false
Document Accounting Standard	International Financial Reporting Standards
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		11,540,000
ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag	false
Document Financial Statement Error Correction [Flag]	false
Auditor Name	WWC, P.C
Auditor Firm ID	1171
Auditor Location	San Mateo, California
Business Contact [Member]
Entity Addresses [Line Items]
Entity Address, Address Line One	1 Commonwealth Lane
Entity Address, Address Line Two	#08-22
Entity Address, Country	SG
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	149544
City Area Code	+65
Local Phone Number	6250 7738
Contact Personnel Name	Choo Chee Kong
Contact Personnel Email Address	peterchoo@cytomed.sg

Consolidated Statements of Fina

Consolidated Statements of Financial Positions		Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 SGD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 SGD ($)
Current assets
Other receivables		$ 834,961	$ 1,101,564	$ 914,144
Cash and cash equivalents		6,818,060	8,995,067	1,579,718
Total current assets		7,653,021	10,096,631	2,493,862
Non-current assets
Investment in associate		147,861	195,073	239,424
Property plant and equipment		1,565,037	2,064,753	2,474,963
Intangible assets		9,409	12,413	18,809
Total non current assets		1,722,307	2,272,239	2,733,196
Total assets		9,375,328	12,368,870	5,227,058
Current liabilities
Trade and other payables		397,653	524,624	416,398
Contract liabilities		4,136	5,456	3,504
Borrowings		25,715	33,926	334,779
Loans received				3,401,237
Lease liabilities		4,793	6,324	7,710
Warrant liabilities		111,129	146,613
Current tax liability				1,596
Current liabilities		543,426	716,943	4,165,224
Non-current liabilities
Borrowings		309,082	407,772	468,827
Lease liabilities				6,709
Total non-current liabilities		309,082	407,772	475,536
Total liabilities		852,508	1,124,715	4,640,760
Capital and reserves
Share capital	[1]	17,979,247	23,720,020	8,913,005
Warrant reserve		56,037	73,930
Translation reserves		(164,785)	(217,402)	(127,484)
Accumulated losses		(9,346,954)	(12,331,437)	(8,198,541)
Attributable to equity holders of the company		8,523,545	11,245,111	586,980
Non controlling interests		(725)	(956)	(682)
Total equity		8,522,820	11,244,155	586,298
Liabilities and equity		$ 9,375,328	$ 12,368,870	$ 5,227,058
[1]The Group embarked on its strategy in People’s Republic of China via a collaborative effort on using the CTM-GDT for cancer immunotherapy. As such, the Group committed this loan to a third party for the purpose of conducting an investigator initiated clinical trial through local partners in Chongqing, one of the most populous regions in People’s Republic of China.

Consolidated Statements of Prof

Consolidated Statements of Profit or Loss and Other Comprehensive Loss		12 Months Ended
		Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2023 SGD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2022 SGD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2021 SGD ($) $ / shares shares
Profit or loss [abstract]
Revenues
Other operating income		609,341	803,904	485,374	154,610
Other (losses)/gains - net		(373,615)	(492,910)	(1,116,622)	3,185
Research and development expenses		(1,204,952)	(1,589,693)	(1,522,765)	(1,090,623)
Depreciation of property plant and equipment		(77,212)	(101,866)	(109,246)	(98,721)
Amortization of intangible assets		(1,658)	(2,187)	(2,500)	(2,512)
Employee benefits expenses		(344,230)	(454,143)	(210,657)	(168,802)
Finance expenses		(38,871)	(51,282)	(125,175)	(117,696)
Other expenses		(1,677,512)	(2,213,142)	(494,675)	(518,766)
Share of result of associate		(23,647)	(31,198)	(33,546)	(212,578)
Loss before income tax		(3,132,356)	(4,132,517)	(3,129,812)	(2,051,903)
Income tax expense		(495)	(653)	(1,640)
Total		(3,132,851)	(4,133,170)	(3,131,452)	(2,051,903)
Other comprehensive loss:
Foreign currency translation loss		(68,155)	(89,918)	(96,504)	(22,628)
Total		(3,201,006)	(4,223,088)	(3,227,956)	(2,074,531)
Loss attributable to:
Equity holders of the company		(3,132,643)	(4,132,896)	(3,131,209)	(2,051,650)
Non- controlling interests		(208)	(274)	(243)	(253)
Total comprehensive loss attributable to:
Equity holders of the company		(3,200,798)	(4,222,814)	(3,227,713)	(2,074,278)
Non controlling interests		$ (208)	$ (274)	$ (243)	$ (253)
Loss per share attributable to equity holders of the Company:
Basic, Loss per share attributable to equity holders of the Company | (per share)		$ (0.29)	$ (0.39)	$ (0.40)	$ (0.30)
Diluted, Loss per share attributable to equity holders of the Company | (per share)		$ (0.29)	$ (0.39)	$ (0.40)	$ (0.30)
Weighted average number of ordinary shares used in computing loss per share
Basic, Weighted average number of ordinary shares used in computing loss per share		10,630,344	10,630,344	7,915,101	6,934,824
Diluted, Weighted average number of ordinary shares used in computing loss per share	[1]	10,630,344	10,630,344	7,915,101	6,934,824
[1]The Group embarked on its strategy in People’s Republic of China via a collaborative effort on using the CTM-GDT for cancer immunotherapy. As such, the Group committed this loan to a third party for the purpose of conducting an investigator initiated clinical trial through local partners in Chongqing, one of the most populous regions in People’s Republic of China.

Consolidated Statements of Chan

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity	Issued capital [member] SGD ($)	[1]	Share application monies [member] SGD ($)	Warrant reserve [member] SGD ($)	Translation Reserves [member] SGD ($)	Retained earnings [member] SGD ($)	Equity attributable to owners of parent [member] SGD ($)	Non-controlling interests [member] SGD ($)	USD ($)	SGD ($)
Beginning balance, value at Dec. 31, 2020	$ 3,500,000				$ (8,352)	$ (3,015,682)	$ 475,966	$ (186)		$ 475,780
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Total comprehensive loss for the year					(22,628)	(2,051,650)	(2,074,278)	(253)		(2,074,531)
Warrant exercised before year end				73,930			73,930			73,930
Issuance of shares	2,000,000						2,000,000			2,000,000
Issuance of shares – transferred from share application monies	858,605		(858,605)
Share issued for service	190,355						190,355			190,355
Share application monies received			2,000,000				2,000,000			2,000,000
Total transactions with owners of the Company	3,048,960		1,141,395				4,190,355			4,190,355
Ending balance, value at Dec. 31, 2021	6,548,960		1,141,395		(30,980)	(5,067,332)	2,592,043	(439)		2,591,604
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Total comprehensive loss for the year					(96,504)	(3,131,209)	(3,227,713)	(243)		(3,227,956)
Warrant exercised before year end				73,930			73,930			73,930
Issuance of shares	2,364,045		(1,141,395)				1,222,650			1,222,650
Ending balance, value at Dec. 31, 2022	8,913,005				(127,484)	(8,198,541)	586,980	(682)		586,298
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Total comprehensive loss for the year					(89,918)	(4,132,896)	(4,222,814)	(274)	$ (3,201,006)	(4,223,088)
Warrant exercised before year end				73,930			73,930			73,930
Issuance of shares	14,807,015						14,807,015			14,807,015
Total transactions with owners of the Company	14,807,015			73,930			14,880,945			14,880,945
Ending balance, value at Dec. 31, 2023	$ 23,720,020			$ 73,930	$ (217,402)	$ (12,331,437)	$ 11,245,111	$ (956)	$ 8,522,820	$ 11,244,155
[1]The Group embarked on its strategy in People’s Republic of China via a collaborative effort on using the CTM-GDT for cancer immunotherapy. As such, the Group committed this loan to a third party for the purpose of conducting an investigator initiated clinical trial through local partners in Chongqing, one of the most populous regions in People’s Republic of China.

Consolidated Statements of Cash

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 SGD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 SGD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 SGD ($)
Operating activities
Loss before income tax	$ (3,132,356)	$ (4,132,517)	$ (3,129,812)	$ (2,051,903)
Adjustments for:
Amortization of intangible assets	4,848	6,396	13,200	13,212
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment	284,054	374,752	379,667	316,666
Fair value loss/(gain) on convertible loans	74,853	98,754	1,090,480	(12,666)
Share of results of associate	23,647	31,198	33,546	212,578
Fair value changes on warrant liabilities		223,845
Warrant expense	169,669
Interest expense	38,871	51,282	125,175	117,696
Interest income	(216,569)	(285,719)	(2,097)	(3,369)
Gain from disposal of property, plant and equipment			(280)
Write off of property, plant and equipment			1,370
Unrealized currency translation (gains)/losses	(1,921)	(2,534)	(21,657)	60,680
Operating cash flows before movements in working capital	(2,754,904)	(3,634,543)	(1,510,408)	(1,347,106)
Other receivables	(3,986)	(5,259)	(145,169)	(433,116)
Trade and other payables	83,512	110,177	255,071	63,868
Cash used in operations	(2,675,378)	(3,529,625)	(1,400,506)	(1,716,354)
Income tax paid		(2,194)
Income tax paid	(1,663)
Interest received	75,031	98,989	2,097	3,369
Net cash used in operating activities	(2,602,010)	(3,432,830)	(1,398,409)	(1,712,985)
Investing activities
Fixed deposits	(2,100,265)	(2,770,880)
Purchase of property, plant and equipment	(44,186)	(58,295)	(473,795)	(582,354)
Proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment			490
Acquisition of an associate				(241,312)
Net cash used in investing activities	(2,144,451)	(2,829,175)	(473,305)	(823,666)
Financing activities
Proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares	8,570,472	11,307,024	1,222,650	2,000,000
Proceeds from a third party loan			300,000	350,000
Receipts from share application monies				2,000,000
Principal payment of third party borrowings	(227,393)	(300,000)	(350,000)
Principal payment of bank borrowings	(25,001)	(32,984)	(71,204)	(51,452)
Principal payment of lease liabilities	(5,641)	(7,442)	(7,555)	(7,456)
Interest paid	(35,407)	(46,713)	(125,175)	(117,696)
Net cash from financing activities	8,277,030	10,919,885	968,716	4,173,396
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	3,530,569	4,657,880	(902,998)	1,636,745
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year	1,197,391	1,579,718	2,512,768	885,272
Effects of foreign currency translation on cash and cash equivalents	(10,165)	(13,411)	(30,052)	(9,249)
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year	$ 4,717,795	$ 6,224,187	$ 1,579,718	$ 2,512,768

GENERAL

GENERAL	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
GENERAL	1 GENERAL On March 8, 2018, CytoMed Therapeutics Limited (the former name: CytoMed Therapeutics Pte. Ltd.) (the “Company”) was incorporated in the Republic of Singapore. The Company is a private limited company incorporated and domiciled in Singapore. The address of its registered office is at 1 Commonwealth Lane, #08-22, Singapore 149544. The Company is headquartered in Singapore and conducts its operations domestically and in Malaysia. On January 19, 2023, the Company had converted to a public limited company and the name of the Company has changed from “CytoMed Therapeutics Pte. Ltd.” to “CytoMed Therapeutics Limited” and that the name “CytoMed Therapeutics Limited” has substituted for “CytoMed Therapeutics Pte. Ltd.” wherever “CytoMed Therapeutics Pte. Ltd.” appears in the Constitution of the Company. The Company’s immediate and ultimate holding corporation is Glorious Finance Limited, incorporated in the British Virgin Islands. The principal activities of the Company are to carry on the business of innate immune cell-based immunotherapy, pluripotent stem cell-based therapy and undertaking the research and development of immune cell and stem cell-based therapy. The Company conducts its primary operations through its directly held wholly owned subsidiary that is incorporated and domiciled in Malaysia, namely CytoMed Therapeutics (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd., which is principally engaged in manufacturing innate immune cell-based immunotherapy and pluripotent stem cell-based therapy and consultancy services and undertaking the research and development of immune cell and stem cell-based therapy for advancing cellular immunotherapy to treat cancer. The principal activities of the subsidiaries SCHEDULE OF MATERIAL SUBSIDIARIES Name of entity Principal activities Country of Group’s effective equity 2022 2023 % % Advance Cancer Centre Pte Ltd Investment, research and development of medical technologies Singapore 100 100 CytoMed Therapeutics (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd Research, development and manufacturing of stem cells and innate immune cell-based immune-therapeutics, research and development of induced pluripotent stem cell-based immune-therapeutics Malaysia 100 100 Puricell Lab Pte Ltd Research and development of induced pluripotent stem cell-based biologics and medical technologies Singapore 95 95 IPSCBank Pte Ltd Stem cell and immune cell banking Singapore 100 100 Held by IPSCBank Pte Ltd IPSC Depository Sdn Bhd Stem cell and immune cell banking Malaysia 100 100 The principal activities of the associate are disclosed in Note 6 to the consolidated CYTOMED THERAPEUTICS LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023

MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICY INFO

MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICY INFORMATION	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Material Accounting Policy Information
MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICY INFORMATION	2 MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICY INFORMATION BASIS OF PREPARATION The preparation of these financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires management to exercise its judgement in the process of applying the Group’s accounting policies. It also requires the use of certain critical accounting estimates and assumptions. The areas involving a higher degree of judgement or complexity, or areas where estimates and assumptions are significant to the financial statements are disclosed in Note 3. Adoption of IFRS On January 1, 2022, the Group adopted the new or amended IFRS and Interpretations of IFRS (“ INT IFRS BASIS OF ACCOUNTING Historical cost is generally based on the fair value of the consideration given in exchange for goods and services. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, regardless of whether that price is directly observable or estimated using another valuation technique. In estimating the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Company takes into account the characteristics of the asset or liability which market participants would take into account when pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. Fair value for measurement and/or disclosure purposes in these financial statements is determined on such a basis. In addition, for financial reporting purposes, fair value measurements are categorized into Level 1, 2 or 3 based on the degree to which the inputs to the fair value measurements are observable and the significance of the inputs to the fair value measurement in its entirety, which are described as follows: ● Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the entity can access at the measurement date; ● Level 2 inputs are inputs, other than quoted prices included within Level 1, that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly; and ● Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability. The Company’s policy is to recognize transfers into and transfers out of any of the three levels as of the date of the event or change in circumstances that caused the transfer. CYTOMED THERAPEUTICS LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 ADOPTION OF NEW AND REVISED STANDARDS NEW AND REVISED IFRS STANDARDS IN ISSUE BUT NOT YET EFFECTIVE BASIS OF CONSOLIDATION (a) Consolidation Subsidiaries are all entities (including structured entities) over which the Group has control. The Group controls an entity when the Group is exposed to, or has rights to, variable returns from its involvement with the entity and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the entity. Subsidiaries are fully consolidated from the date on which control is transferred to the Group. They are deconsolidated from the date on that control ceases. In preparing the consolidated financial statements, transactions, balances and unrealized gains on transactions between group entities are eliminated. Unrealized losses are also eliminated unless the transaction provides evidence of an impairment indicator of the transferred asset. Accounting policies of subsidiaries have been changed where necessary to ensure consistency with the policies adopted by the Group. Non-controlling interests comprise the portion of a subsidiary’s net results of operations and its net assets, which is attributable to the interests that are not owned directly or indirectly by the equity holders of the Company. They are shown separately in the consolidated statements of profit or loss and other comprehensive loss, consolidated statements of changes in equity, and consolidated statements of financial positions. Total comprehensive loss is attributed to the non-controlling interests based on their respective interests in a subsidiary, even if this results in the non-controlling interests having a deficit balance. (b) Acquisitions The acquisition method of accounting is used to account for business combinations entered into by the Group. The consideration transferred for the acquisition of a subsidiary or business comprises the fair value of the assets transferred, the liabilities incurred and the equity interests issued by the Group. The consideration transferred also includes any contingent consideration arrangement and any pre-existing equity interest in the subsidiary measured at their fair values at the acquisition date. Acquisition-related costs are expensed as incurred. CYTOMED THERAPEUTICS LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities and contingent liabilities assumed in a business combination are, with limited exceptions, measured initially at their fair values at the acquisition date. On an acquisition-by-acquisition basis, the Group recognizes any non-controlling interest in the acquiree at the date of acquisition either at fair value or at the non-controlling interest’s proportionate share of the acquiree’s identifiable net assets. The excess of (a) the consideration transferred, the amount of any non-controlling interest in the acquiree and the acquisition-date fair value of any previous equity interest in the acquiree over the (b) fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. Please refer to the paragraph “Intangible assets – Goodwill” for the subsequent accounting policy on goodwill. CONVENIENCE TRANSLATION Translations of amounts in the consolidated statements of financial positions, consolidated statements of profit or loss and other comprehensive loss, and consolidated statement of cash flows from SGD into USD as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023 are solely for the convenience of the reader and were calculated at the noon buying rate of USD 1 SGD 1.3193 FINANCIAL ASSETS (a) Classification and measurement The Group classifies its financial assets at amortized cost. The classification depends on the Group’s business model for managing the financial assets as well as the contractual terms of the cash flows of the financial assets. The Group reclassifies debt instruments when and only when its business model for managing those assets changes. CYTOMED THERAPEUTICS LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 At initial recognition At initial recognition, the Group measures a financial asset at its fair value plus, in the case of the financial assets not a fair value through profit or loss, transaction cost that are directly attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. Transaction costs of financial assets carried at fair value through profit or loss are expensed in profit or loss. At subsequent measurement Debt instrument – Debt instruments that are held for collection of contractual cash flows where those cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest are measured at amortized cost. A gain or loss on a debt instrument that is subsequently measured at amortized cost and is not part of a hedging relationship is recognized in profit or loss when the asset is derecognized or impaired. Interest income from these financial assets is included in interest income using the effective interest rate method. (b) Impairment The Group assesses on a forward-looking basis the expected credit losses associated with its debt financial assets carried at amortized cost. The impairment methodology applied depends on whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk. The note to the consolidated financial statements on credit risk details how the Group determines whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk. (c) Recognition and derecognition Purchases and sales of financial assets are recognized on trade date – the date on which the Group commits to purchase or sell the asset. Financial assets are derecognized when the rights to receive cash flows from the financial assets have expired or have been transferred and the Group has transferred substantially all risks and rewards of ownership. On disposal of a debt instrument, the difference between the carrying amount and the sale proceeds is recognized in profit or loss. CYTOMED THERAPEUTICS LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 FINANCIAL LIABILITIES AND EQUITY INSTRUMENTS (a) Classification as debt or equity Debt and equity instruments issued by a Group entity are classified as either financial liabilities or as equity in accordance with substance of the contractual arrangements and the definitions of a financial liability and an equity instrument. (b) Equity instruments An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of an entity after deducting all of its liabilities. Equity instruments issued by a Group are recognized at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs. (c) Financial liabilities Except for convertible loans and warrant liabilities The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortized cost of a financial liability and of allocating interest expense over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments (including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the financial liability, or (where appropriate) a shorter period, to the amortized cost of a financial liability. The warrants issued by the Company are accounted for as financial liabilities. The warrants are initially recognized at fair value, and in subsequent periods measured at fair value through profit or loss with any changes in fair value recognized in profit or loss until the warrants are exercised or expire. (d) Derecognition of financial liabilities The Group derecognizes financial liabilities when, and only when, the Group’s obligations are discharged, cancelled or expired. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability derecognized and the consideration paid and payable, including any non-cash assets transferred or liabilities assumed, is recognized in profit or loss. (e) Offsetting financial instruments Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount reported in the consolidated statements of financial positions when there is a legally enforceable right to offset and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. INVESTMENT IN AN ASSOCIATE 20 The Group accounts for its investment in the associate using the equity method. On acquisition of the investment, any excess of the cost of the investment over the Group’s share of the net fair value of the investee’s identifiable assets and liabilities represents goodwill and is included in the carrying amount of the investment. Any excess of the Group’s share of the net fair value of the investee’s identifiable assets and liabilities over the cost of the investment is included as income in the determination of the Group’s share of the associate’s profit or loss in the period in which the investment is acquired. Under the equity method, the investment in an associate is carried at cost plus post-acquisition changes in the Group’s share of net assets of the associate. Goodwill relating to the associate is included in the carrying amount of the investment and is not tested for impairment separately. After application of the equity method, the Group determines whether it is necessary to recognize an impairment loss on its investment in its associate. At each reporting date, the Group determines whether there is objective evidence that the investment in the associate is impaired. If there is such evidence, the Group calculates the amount of impairment as the difference between the recoverable amount of the associate and its carrying value, and then recognizes the loss within “Share of results of associate” in the profit or loss. CYTOMED THERAPEUTICS LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT (a) Measurement (i) Property, plant and equipment Property, plant and equipment are initially recognized at cost and subsequently carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses. (ii) Components of costs The cost of an item of property, plant and equipment initially recognized includes its purchase price and any cost that is directly attributable to bringing the asset to the location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in the manner intended by management. (b) Depreciation Freehold land is not depreciated. Depreciation on other items of property, plant and equipment is calculated using the straight-line method to allocate their depreciable amounts over their estimated useful lives as followed; DISCLOSURE OF PROPERTY PLANT AND EQUIPMENT ESTIMATED USEFUL LIFE EXPLANATORY Building - 16 60 Laboratory equipment - 5 Motor vehicle - 5 Furniture, fittings and equipment - 3 5 Renovation - 10 The residual values, estimated useful lives and depreciation method of property, plant and equipment are reviewed, and adjusted as appropriate, at each balance sheet date. The effects of any revision are recognized in profit or loss when the changes arise. (c) Subsequent expenditure Subsequent expenditure relating to property, plant and equipment that has already been recognized is added to the carrying amount of the asset only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the entity and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. All other repair and maintenance expenses are recognized in profit or loss when incurred. CYTOMED THERAPEUTICS LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 INTANGIBLE ASSETS (a) Goodwill Goodwill on acquisitions of subsidiaries and businesses, represents the excess of (i) the sum of the consideration transferred, the amount of any non-controlling interest in the acquiree and the acquisition-date fair value of any previous equity interest in the acquiree over (ii) the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired. Goodwill on subsidiaries is recognized separately as intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses. (b) Acquired intellectual properties licenses Intellectual properties licenses acquired are initially recognized at cost and are subsequently carried at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses. These costs are amortized to profit or loss using the straight-line method over 5 years (c) Acquired computer software licenses Acquired computer software licenses are initially recognized at cost which includes the purchase prices and other directly attributable costs of preparing the asset for its intended use. Costs associated with maintaining the computer software are expensed off when incurred. Computer software licenses are subsequently carried at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses. These costs are amortized to profit or loss using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives of 3 years The amortization period and amortization method of intangible assets other than goodwill are reviewed at least at each balance sheet date. The effects of any revision are recognized in profit or loss when the changes arise. IMPAIRMENT OF NON-FINANCIAL ASSETS (a) Goodwill Goodwill recognized separately as an intangible asset is tested for impairment annually and whenever there is indication that the goodwill may be impaired. For the purpose of impairment testing of goodwill, goodwill is allocated to each of the Group’s cash-generating-units (“CGU”) expected to benefit from synergies arising from the business combination. CYTOMED THERAPEUTICS LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 An impairment loss is recognized when the carrying amount of a CGU, including the goodwill, exceeds the recoverable amount of the CGU. The recoverable amount of a CGU is the higher of the CGU’s fair value less cost to sell and value-in-use. The total impairment loss of a CGU is allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of goodwill allocated to the CGU and then to the other assets of the CGU pro-rata on the basis of the carrying amount of each asset in the CGU. An impairment loss on goodwill is recognized as an expense and is not reversed in a subsequent period. (b) Intangible assets (other than Goodwill) and Property, plant and equipment Intangible assets and property, plant and equipment are tested for impairment whenever there is any objective evidence or indication that these assets may be impaired. For the purpose of impairment testing, the recoverable amount (i.e. the higher of the fair value less cost to sell and the value-in-use) is determined on an individual asset basis unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets. If this is the case, the recoverable amount is determined for the CGU to which the asset belongs. If the recoverable amount of the asset (or CGU) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or CGU) is reduced to its recoverable amount. The difference between the carrying amount and recoverable amount is recognized as an impairment loss in profit or loss. An impairment loss for an asset is reversed if, and only if, there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the asset’s recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognized. The carrying amount of this asset is increased to its revised recoverable amount, provided that this amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined (net of any accumulated amortization or depreciation) had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset in prior years. A reversal of impairment loss for an asset other than goodwill is recognized in profit or loss. (c) Investment in an associate The Group determines whether it is necessary to recognize an impairment loss on its investment in its associate. At each reporting date, the Group determines whether there is objective evidence that the investment in the associate is impaired. If there is such evidence, the Group calculates the amount of impairment as the difference between the recoverable amount of the associate and its carrying value, and then recognizes the loss within ‘Share of results of associate’ in the statements of profit or loss. The annual impairment test of investment in an associate involved significant management assessment and judgement required in determining the assumptions to be used to estimate the recoverable amount. Such recoverable amount is based on the higher of the value in use or fair value less costs of disposal, has been derived from discounted forecast cash flow models, including estimates of futures sales volumes and prices, operating costs, revenue growth rates and the weighted-average cost of capital (discount rate). TRADE AND OTHER PAYABLES Trade and other payables are initially recognized at fair value, and subsequently carried at amortized cost using the effective interest method. CYTOMED THERAPEUTICS LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 BORROWINGS (a) Borrowings Borrowings are initially recognized at fair value (net of transaction costs) and subsequently carried at amortized cost. Any difference between the proceeds (net of transaction costs) and the redemption value is recognized in profit or loss over the period of the borrowings using the effective interest method. (b) Convertible loans The component parts of the convertible loans are classified separately as financial liability and equity in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangements and the definitions of a financial liability and an equity instrument. A conversion option that will be settled by the exchange of a fixed amount of cash or another financial asset for a fixed number of the Company’s own equity instruments is an equity instrument. A conversion option that will be settled other than by the exchange of a fixed amount of cash or another financial asset for a fixed number of the Group’s own equity instruments is a conversion option derivatives. Convertible loans issued by the Company are designated at fair value through profit or loss (“FVTPL”) on initial recognition. Convertible loans are measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in profit or loss. Transaction costs that relate to the issue of convertible loans are charged to profit or loss immediately. (c) Borrowing costs All borrowing costs are recognized in profit or loss in the period in which they are incurred. LEASES When the Group is the lessee At the inception of the contract, the Group assesses if the contract contains a lease. A contract contains a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. Reassessment is only required when the terms and conditions of the contract are changed. CYTOMED THERAPEUTICS LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 ● Lease liabilities The initial measurement of a lease liability is measured at the present value of the lease payments discounted using the implicit rate in the lease, if the rate can be readily determined. If that rate cannot be readily determined, the Group shall use its incremental borrowing rate. Lease payments include the following: - Fixed payment (including in-substance fixed payments), less any lease incentives receivables; - Variable lease payment that are based on an index or rate, initially measured using the index or rate as at the commencement date; - Amount expected to be payable under residual value guarantees; - The exercise price of a purchase option if is reasonably certain to exercise the option; and - Payment of penalties for terminating the lease, if the lease term reflects the Group exercising that option. For contracts that contain both lease and non-lease components, the Group allocates the consideration to each lease component on the basis of the relative stand-alone price of the lease and non-lease component. The Group has elected to not separate lease and non-lease component for property leases and account these as one single lease component. Lease liability is measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. Lease liability shall be remeasured when: - There is a change in future lease payments arising from changes in an index or rate; - There is a change in the Group’s assessment of whether it will exercise an extension option; or - There is modification in the scope or the consideration of the lease that was not part of the original term. CYTOMED THERAPEUTICS LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 ● Short-term and low-value leases The Group has elected to not recognized right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for short-term leases that have lease terms of 12 months or less and leases of low value leases. Lease payments relating to these leases are expensed to profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term. EMPLOYEE BENEFITS (a) Defined contribution plans Defined contribution plans are post-employment benefit plans under which the Group pays fixed contributions into separate entities such as the Central Provident Fund on a mandatory, contractual or voluntary basis. The Group has no further payment obligations once the contributions have been paid. (b) Employee leave entitlement Employee entitlements to annual leave are recognized when they accrue to employees. A provision is made for the estimated liability for annual leave as a result of services rendered by employees up to the balance sheet date. PROVISIONS The amount recognized as a provision is the best estimate of the consideration required to settle the present obligation at the end of the reporting period, taking into account the risks and uncertainties surrounding the obligation. Where a provision is measured using the cash flows estimated to settle the present obligation, its carrying amount is the present value of those cash flows. When some or all of the economic benefits required to settle a provision are expected to be recovered from a third party, the receivable is recognized as an asset if it is virtually certain that reimbursement will be received and the amount of the receivable can be measured reliably. CYTOMED THERAPEUTICS LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 REVENUE RECOGNITION Revenue is recognized when the Group satisfies a performance obligation by transferring promised goods or services to the customer, which is when the customer obtains control of the goods or services. A performance obligation may be satisfied at a point in time or over time. The amount of revenue recognized is the amount allocated to the satisfied performance obligation. Advance payments received from customers are recognized as contract liabilities as the Group has not yet satisfied its performance obligation. Contract liabilities are recognized as other income when the Group satisfied its performance obligation. Research income Interest Income RESEARCH EXPENSES Research R&D expenses consist primarily of costs incurred for our research and pre-clinical activities, which include: ● salaries, welfare benefits and other related expenses for the employees engaged in R&D functions; ● costs of manufacturing product candidates and consultants engaged in research, pre-clinical studies and potential future clinical trials; ● expenses related to the upkeep of the facilities we use, which include expenses for maintenance of facilities and laboratory equipment ● costs related to regulatory compliance; and ● royalty payments for our intellectual properties used in research activities. GOVERNMENT GRANTS AND SUBSIDIES Government grants receivable are recognized as income over the periods necessary to match them with the related costs which they are intended to compensate, on a systematic basis. Government grants relating to expenses are shown separately as other income. Grants related to assets are presented as deferred income under trade and other payables. CYTOMED THERAPEUTICS LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 SEGMENT REPORTING ● that engages in business activities from which it may earn revenues and incur expenses (including revenues and expenses relating to transactions with other components of the same entity); ● whose operating results are regularly reviewed by the entity’s chief operating decision maker to make decisions about resources to be allocated to the segment and assess its performance; and ● for which discrete financial information is available. The Group has identified one operating segment i.e. the business of innate immune cell-based immunotherapy, pluripotent stem cell-based therapy and undertaking the research and development of immune cell and stem cell-based therapy. The assessment of reportable segments is based upon having similar economic characteristics and if the operating segments are similar in the following respects: ● the nature of the products and services; ● the nature of the production processes; ● the type or class of customer for their products and services; ● the methods used to distribute their products or provide their services; and ● if applicable, the nature of the regulatory environment, for example, banking, insurance, or public utilities. Reportable segments are distinguished due to their differences in their operations and economics. They are managed separately because they require different business, technological, and marketing strategies. The Group’s Chairman is considered to be the Group’s Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”). The CODM reviews non-financial information, for purposes of allocating resources. Based on the internal financial information provided to the CODM, the Group has determined that the identified operating segment as one reportable segment. The CODM evaluates the assets and liabilities despite disaggregated financial information being available, the accounting policies used in the determination of the segment amounts are the same as those used in the preparation of the Group’s financial statements. SHARE CAPITAL SHARE APPLICATION MONIES CYTOMED THERAPEUTICS LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 INCOME TAX Deferred income tax is recognized for all temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the financial statements except when the deferred income tax arises from the initial recognition of goodwill or an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss at the time of the transaction. A deferred income tax liability is recognized on temporary differences arising on investments in subsidiaries, associates, except where the Group is able to control the timing of the reversal of the temporary difference and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. A deferred income tax asset is recognized to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences and tax losses can be utilized. Deferred income tax is measured: (i) at the tax rates that are expected to apply when the related deferred income tax asset is realized or the deferred income tax liability is settled, based on tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date; and (ii) based on the tax consequence that will follow from the manner in which the Group expects, at the balance sheet date, to recover or settle the carrying amounts of its assets and liabilities. Current and deferred income taxes are recognized as income or expense in profit or loss, except to the extent that the tax arises from a business combination or a transaction which is recognized directly in equity. Deferred tax arising from a business combination is adjusted against goodwill on acquisition. The Group accounts for investment tax credits (for example, productivity and innovation credit) similar to accounting for other tax credits where a deferred tax asset is recognized for unused tax credits to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profit will be available against which the unused tax credits can be utilized. CYTOMED THERAPEUTICS LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS (a) Functional and presentation currency Items included in the financial statements of each entity in the Group are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (“functional currency”). The financial statements are presented in Singapore Dollars, which is the functional currency of the Company. (b) Transactions and balances Transactions in a currency other than the functional currency (“foreign currency”) are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates at the dates of the transactions. Currency exchange differences resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at the closing rates at the balance sheet date are recognized in profit or loss. Monetary items include primarily financial assets (other than equity investments) and financial liabilities. However, in the consolidated financial statements, currency translation differences arising from borrowings in foreign currencies and net investment in foreign operations, are recognized in other comprehensive loss and accumulated in the currency translation reserve. Foreign exchange gains and losses that relate to borrowings are presented in the p

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING JUDGEMENTS

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING JUDGEMENTS AND KEY SOURCES OF ESTIMATION UNCERTAINTY	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING JUDGEMENTS AND KEY SOURCES OF ESTIMATION UNCERTAINTY	3 CRITICAL ACCOUNTING JUDGEMENTS AND KEY SOURCES OF ESTIMATION UNCERTAINTY In the application of the Company’s accounting policies, which are described in Note 2 to the financial statements, management is required to make judgements, estimates and assumptions about the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors that are considered to be relevant. Actual results may differ from these estimates. The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects only that period, or in the period of the revision and future periods. Key sources of estimation uncertainty The key assumptions concerning the future and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the end of the reporting period, that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year, are disclosed below: (a) Impairment assessment for property, plant, and equipment (Note 7) and investment in an associate (Note 6) Property, plant and equipment and investment in associate, are tested for impairment when there is any objective evidence or indication that these assets may be impaired. Impairment exists when the carrying value of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amounts of property, plant and equipment and investment in associate have been determined based on higher of the fair value less costs to sell or value-in use (“VIU”) calculations. If the carrying amounts exceed the recoverable amounts, an impairment is recognized to profit or loss for the differences. CYTOMED THERAPEUTICS LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 Property, plant and equipment mainly consist of freehold land, building, and laboratory equipment. Management has assessed that there were no objective evidence or indication that the carrying amounts of the Group’s property, plant and equipment may not be recoverable as at the end of reporting date. Accordingly, impairment assessment is not required. (b) Valuation of warrants (Note 14) A warrant that provides the holder with the right to buy a fixed number of equity instruments of the Company of the warrant for an exercise price that will be fixed at a future date. At initial recognition, because of the variability in the exercise price, the Company in applying paragraph 16 of IAS 32 Financial Instruments: Presentation At the date of inception, no quoted prices in an active market are available for these financial liabilities. These financial liabilities were valued by the directors of the Company with reference to valuations carried out by an internal specialist (“Valuer”). The fair value of these financial liabilities is established by using valuation techniques as set out in the Note to the consolidated financial statements. Valuation modals established by the Valuer maximise the use of market inputs to the extent possible. Management estimates and assumptions are reviewed periodically and are adjusted if necessary. Should any of the estimates and assumptions changed, it may lead to a change in the fair value to be recognized in profit or loss. As at the end of the reporting period, key assumptions assessed by the management were disclosed in the Note 14 to the consolidated financial statements. (c) Valuation of convertible loans (Note 12) In the previous financial year, the convertible loans issued by the Company are classified as financial liabilities at FVTPL. No quoted prices in an active market are available for these financial liabilities. These financial liabilities were valued by the directors of the Company with reference to valuations carried out by an independent qualified professional valuer. The fair value of these financial liabilities is established by using valuation techniques as set out in the Note to the consolidated financial statements. Valuation modals established by the valuer maximise the use of market inputs to the extent possible. Management estimates and assumptions are reviewed periodically and are adjusted if necessary. Should any of the estimates and assumptions changed, it may lead to a change in the fair value to be recognized in profit or loss. As at the end of the reporting periods, management has assessed that the probability of conversion of the convertible loans was anticipated to be 75 25

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS	4 CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS For the purpose of the consolidated statements of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents comprise the following: SCHEDULE OF CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS 2022 2023 S$ S$ Cash at banks 1,514,460 1,971,872 Cash on hand 610 601 Short-term fixed deposits 64,648 7,022,594 Cash and cash equivalents 1,579,718 8,995,067 Less: Fixed deposits with maturities over 3 months - (2,770,880 ) Cash and cash equivalents on consolidated statements of cash flows 1,579,718 6,224,187 Fixed deposits are placed for a periods ranging between of 1 12 1 6 2.20 5.55 1.70 2.30

OTHER RECEIVABLES

OTHER RECEIVABLES	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
OTHER RECEIVABLES	5 OTHER RECEIVABLES SCHEDULE OF OTHER RECEIVABLES 2022 2023 S$ S$ Deposit paid for purchase of property - 43, 080 Prepayments 45,163 159,006 Prepaid initial public offering expenses 219,664 - Prepaid consumables 576,173 678,728 Sundry deposits 15,562 16,002 Sundry receivables 57,582 204,748 Total 914,144 1,101,564 Amounts due from key management personnel are generally advances extended to them during the course of business. The balance is unsecured, interest-free, and repayable on demand. CYTOMED THERAPEUTICS LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023

INVESTMENT IN AN ASSOCIATE

INVESTMENT IN AN ASSOCIATE	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
INVESTMENT IN AN ASSOCIATE	6 INVESTMENT IN AN ASSOCIATE The Group’s investment in the associate is summarized below: SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENT IN ASSOCIATE 2022 2023 S$ S$ Beginning of financial year 272,970 239,424 Share of post-acquisition losses (33,546 ) (31,198 ) Currency realignment - (13,153 ) End of financial year 239,424 195,073 Management has assessed the recoverable amount of the investment in associate calculation based on its VIU, using discounted cash flow forecasts covering a five-year period in which the management made judgements over certain key inputs in relation to cash flows, revenue growth rates and discount rate. It was concluded that the fair value less costs of disposal did not exceed the VIU. As a result of this analysis no Key assumptions used to determine the value in use of the investment in associate are as follows: SCHEDULE OF KEY ASSUMPTIONS INVESTMENT IN ASSOCIATE 2022 2023 % % Revenue growth rate 2.38 3.05 11.73 Discount rate 13.90 13.90 Name of entity Principal activities Country of business / incorporation Group’s effective 2022 2023 % % Landmark Medical Centre Sdn Bhd Operations of private specialist hospital Malaysia 20 20 The following table illustrates the summarized financial information of the Group’s material associate (and not the Group’s share of those amounts), adjusted for difference in accounting policies between the Group and the associate, if any. SCHEDULE OF FINANCIAL INFORMATION INVESTMENT IN ASSOCIATE 2022 2023 S$ S$ Current assets 665,236 494,882 Non-current assets and fair value of hospital license 776,520 743,608 Current liabilities (66,938 ) (95,631 ) Non-current liabilities (177,701 ) (167,495 ) Net assets of the associate 1,197,117 975,364 Revenue 784,495 636,150 Loss for the year (167,734 ) (155,989 ) Reconciliation of the summarized financial information presented to the carrying amount of the Group’s investment in the associate is as follows: SCHEDULE OF RECONCILIATION OF FINANCIAL INFORMATION IN INVESTMENT 2022 2023 S$ S$ Net assets with fair value of hospital license 1,197,117 975,364 Group’s equity interest 20 % 20 % Group share of net assets 239,424 195,073 Carrying value 239,424 195,073 CYTOMED THERAPEUTICS LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023

PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [abstract]
PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT	7 PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT SCHEDULE OF PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT Building Freehold land Laboratory equipment Motor vehicle Furniture, fittings and equipment Renovation Total S$ S$ S$ S$ S$ S$ S$ Cost: At January 1, 2022 1,132,764 419,510 945,324 53,042 273,952 408,867 3,233,459 Addition - - 362,491 - 30,968 80,336 473,795 Disposal and write off - - - - (2,603 ) - (2,603 ) Currency realignment (37,636 ) (24,624 ) (71,349 ) (3,113 ) (16,243 ) (23,999 ) (176,964 ) At December 31, 2022 1,095,128 394,886 1,236,466 49,929 286,074 465,204 3,527,687 Addition - - 32,642 - 11,350 14,303 58,295 Currency realignment (34,665 ) (22,680 ) (59,937 ) (2,868 ) (14,281 ) (22,104 ) (156,535 ) At December 31, 2023 1,060,463 372,206 1,209,171 47,061 283,143 457,403 3,429,447 Accumulated depreciation: At January 1, 2022 38,617 - 435,542 30,057 140,990 92,462 737,668 Addition 40,125 - 221,506 10,258 60,879 46,899 379,667 Disposal and write off - - - - (1,023 ) - (1,023 ) Currency realignment (2,104 ) - (42,755 ) (2,036 ) (10,217 ) (6,476 ) (63,588 ) At December 31, 2022 76,638 - 614,293 38,279 190,629 132,885 1,052,724 Addition 39,500 - 225,484 9,639 54,776 45,353 374,752 Currency realignment (2,489 ) - (38,409 ) (2,426 ) (11,374 ) (8,084 ) (62,782 ) At December 31, 2023 113,649 - 801,368 45,492 234,031 170,154 1,364,694 Carrying amount: At December 31, 2022 1,018,490 394,886 622,173 11,650 95,445 332,319 2,474,963 At December 31, 2023 946,814 372,206 407,803 1,569 49,112 287,249 2,064,753 CYTOMED THERAPEUTICS LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 Motor vehicle is acquired under finance leasing arrangement. Details of the lease liability is disclosed in Note 13. As of December 31, 2023, bank borrowing is secured by the freehold land and building of the Group with carrying amount of S$ 894,487 (2022: S$ 959,051 ). Depreciation expense included in the consolidated statements of profit or loss and other comprehensive loss is analyzed as follows: SCHEDULE OF DEPRECIATION EXPENSE 2022 2023 S$ S$ Depreciation of property, plant and equipment (per above) 379,667 374,752 Less: Accounted under “Research expenses” (Note 18) (270,421 ) (272,886 ) Total 109,246 101,866

INTANGIBLE ASSETS

INTANGIBLE ASSETS	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [abstract]
INTANGIBLE ASSETS	8 INTANGIBLE ASSETS SCHEDULE OF INTANGIBLE ASSETS 2022 2023 S$ S$ Goodwill 355 355 Intellectual properties licenses (Note (a)) 12,127 7,918 Computer software licenses (Note (b)) 6,327 4,140 Total 18,809 12,413 SCHEDULE OF DETAILED INFORMATION ABOUT INTANGIBLE ASSETS (a) Intellectual properties licenses 2022 2023 S$ S$ Cost: At beginning and 62,060 62,060 Accumulated amortization: At beginning of financial year 39,233 49,933 Amortization charge 10,700 4,209 At end of financial year 49,933 54,142 Carrying value 12,127 7,918 CYTOMED THERAPEUTICS LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 (b) Computer software licenses 2022 2023 S$ S$ Cost: At beginning of financial year 11,855 11,794 Currency realignment (61 ) (57 ) At end of financial year 11,794 11,737 Accumulated amortization: At beginning of financial year 3,014 5,467 Amortization charge 2,500 2,187 Currency realignment (47 ) (57 ) At end of financial year 5,467 7,597 Carrying value 6,327 4,140 (c) Amortization expense is analyzed as followed: SCHEDULE OF AMORTIZATION EXPENSE Intellectual properties licenses 10,700 4,209 Computer software licenses 2,500 2,187 Total 13,200 6,396 Less: Accounted under “Research expenses” (Note 18) (10,700 ) (4,209 ) Amortization expense 2,500 2,187 Management has evaluated, assessed and concluded that there is no indication of impairment for the intangible assets and accordingly no impairment allowance is necessary.

TRADE AND OTHER PAYABLES

TRADE AND OTHER PAYABLES	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Trade And Other Payables
TRADE AND OTHER PAYABLES	9 TRADE AND OTHER PAYABLES SCHEDULE OF TRADE AND OTHER PAYABLES 2022 2023 S$ S$ Trade payable 14,628 24,618 Amount due to a director 1,265 - Other 158,995 50,428 Accrued operating 235,910 446,634 Deferred grant income 5,600 2,944 Total 416,398 524,624 The amount due to a director related to reimbursement of expenses. Trade and other payables including amount due to a director were unsecured, interest-free, and repayable on demand. CYTOMED THERAPEUTICS LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023

CONTRACT LIABILITIES

CONTRACT LIABILITIES	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Contract Liabilities
CONTRACT LIABILITIES	10 CONTRACT LIABILITIES SCHEDULE OF CONTRACT LIABILITIES 2022 2023 S$ S$ Contract liabilities 3,504 5,456 Contract liabilities are fees which the Group billed and received consideration ahead of the transfer of goods and services. Management expects that all the unsatisfied performance obligations as of the end of the reporting periods may be recognized as other income within the next twelve months. The changes in contract liabilities of S$ 1,952 3,504

BORROWINGS

BORROWINGS	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Disclosure Of Borrowings Abstract
BORROWINGS	11 BORROWINGS SCHEDULE OF BORROWINGS 2022 2023 S$ S$ Current Bank loan 34,779 33,926 Third party loan 300,000 - Total – current 334,779 33,926 Non-current Bank loan 468,827 407,772 Total 803,606 441,698 Note: Bank loan: Principal amount of RM 2,000,000 (equivalent to S$ 574,400) withdrawn from a financial institution, which is charged an effective interest rate of 4.4% per annum and repayable over 180 months in equal monthly instalments of RM 15,454 (equivalent to S$ 4,438 The exposure of the borrowing of the Group to interest rate changes and the contractual repayment dates at the balance sheet date are as follows: SCHEDULE OF BORROWING OF THE GROUP TO INTEREST RATE CHANGES AND CONTRACTUAL REPAYMENT DATES 2022 2023 S$ S$ 6 months or less 17,286 16,824 6 – 12 months 17,493 17,102 1 – 5 years 155,600 152,318 Over 5 years 313,227 255,454 Total 503,606 441,698 The loan is secured over building and freehold land (Note 7) and personal guarantees by a director. Third party loan: Principal amount of S$ 300,000 5.0% 5.5% CYTOMED THERAPEUTICS LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023

CONVERTIBLE LOANS

CONVERTIBLE LOANS	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
CONVERTIBLE LOANS	12 CONVERTIBLE LOANS SCHEDULE OF CONVERTIBLE LOANS 2022 2023 S$ S$ Convertible loans 3,401,237 - SCHEDULE OF CONVERTIBLE LOANS ROLL-FORWARD Loan 1 Loan 1 (Tranche 1 ) (Tranche 2 ) Loan 2 Total S$ S$ S$ S$ At January 1, 2022 1,311,070 653,371 346,316 2,310,757 Fair value adjustment 630,007 313,056 147,417 1,090,480 At December 31, 2022 1,941,077 966,427 493,733 3,401,237 Beginning balance 1,941,077 966,427 493,733 3,401,237 Fair value adjustment 61,661 30,830 6,263 98,754 Converted to ordinary shares during the year (2,002,738 ) (997,257 ) (499,996 ) (3,499,991 ) At December 31, 2023 - - - - Ending balance - - - - Loan 1 The convertible loan of S$ 1,500,000 where the agreement date started from December 10, 2019, with a maturity of two years from the first disbursement date on January 6, 2020 was extended further to January 5, 2024. The convertible loan carries a fixed interest rate of 5.5 As of December 31, 2022, the convertible loan was valued at S$ 2,907,504, resulting in a fair value loss of S$ 943,063 for the year ended December 31, 2022. As security for this loan, the director Choo Chee Kong and Messiah Limited executed personal and corporate guarantees, respectively, in favor of guaranteeing the obligations of the Company under the agreement. Choo Chee Kong is also the sole director and a shareholder of Messiah Limited. Upon receipt of the redemption notice by the Company issued by the lender during the loan period, on the date falling on each anniversary of the first disbursement date on January 6, 2020, or upon the occurrence of a liquidity event, the Company shall repay such amount of the convertible loan (together with all interest accrued thereon) specified in the redemption notice to the lender within three months from the date of the redemption notice. Therefore, the convertible loan is classified as a current liability. As at the conversion date, the convertible loan was valued at S$ 2,999,995 2,907,504 92,491 943,063 589,509 Loan 2 The convertible loan of S$ 250,000 two years from the date of disbursement on September 18, 2019 was extended from September 17, 2021 to the conversion date on January 18, 2023. 5% As at the conversion date, S$ 499,996 493,733 S$ 6,263 147,417 On January 26, 2023, the convertible loan was converted into 82,990 The convertible loans were stated at fair value which was valued by the directors of the Company with reference to an independent qualified professional valuer. As at year end, key valuation assumptions used to determine the fair value of the convertible loans are as follows: SCHEDULE OF FAIR VALUE OF CONVERTIBLE LOANS As at December 31, 2022 % Risk-free interest rate 4.24 Discount rate for redemption scenario 15.74 18.70 Discount rate for conversion scenario 2.18 Conversion discount rate 50.00 As at December 31, 2023 % Risk-free interest rate - Discount rate for redemption scenario - Discount rate for conversion scenario - Conversion discount rate - The Group measures the convertible loans at fair value through profit or loss. The fair value measurement of the convertible loans is categorized as Level 3 under the Fair Value Hierarchy with the following details: SCHEDULE OF FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT OF CONVERTIBLE LOANS Valuation technique input(s) Significant unobservable input(s) Inter-relationship between significant unobservable inputs and fair value measurements Debt component : Discount cash flow method Discount cash flow method An increase in discount rate would result in a decrease in the fair value measurement of the convertible loans and vice versa. Conversion option component: Discount rate per the synthetic rating corporate spread as shown in the above table. Number of Conversion Shares to be issued, Y = A/B * C If the discount rate increases by 5% while holding all other variables constant, the carrying fair value of the convertible loans would decrease by approximately S$10,000 A - Loan conversion amount / (1-discount) B - Conversion valuation C - total number of issued Shares as at the date of the Conversion Notice + Y During the year, there were no transfers into or out of Level 3. CYTOMED THERAPEUTICS LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023

LEASE LIABILITIES

LEASE LIABILITIES	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
LEASE LIABILITIES	13 LEASE LIABILITIES Set out below are the carrying amounts of lease liabilities and the movements during the years: SCHEDULE OF LEASE LIABILITIES 2022 2023 S$ S$ At beginning of year 23,131 14,419 Currency realignment (1,157 ) (653 ) Interest charged (Note 20) 896 499 Payment made (8,451 ) (7,941 ) At end of year 14,419 6,324 Presentation on Consolidated Statements of Financial Positions SCHEDULE OF CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITIONS Current 7,710 6,324 Non-current 6,709 - Total 14,419 6,324 The effective interest rate applied to the lease liabilities recognized in the statements of financial positions is 4.73% Lease liabilities of the Group are secured over a motor vehicle (Note 7). Total cash outflow for leases amounts to S$ 9,644 10,652

WARRANT LIABILITIES AND WARRANT

WARRANT LIABILITIES AND WARRANT RESERVE	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Warrant Liabilities And Warrant Reserve
WARRANT LIABILITIES AND WARRANT RESERVE	14 WARRANT LIABILITIES AND WARRANT RESERVE WARRANT LIABILITIES SCHEDULE OF WARRANT LIABILITIES Number of warrants Amount Weighted 2022 Beginning of financial year - - - Fair value changes to profit or loss - - - Cashless exercise of warrants - - - Currency realignment - - - End of financial year - - - Number of warrants Amount Weighted 2023 Beginning of financial year - - - Fair value at inception date 120,618 112,214 4.00 Fair value changes to profit or loss - 111,631 - Cashless exercise of warrants classified under warrant reserve (48,247 ) (73,930 ) 5.11- 5.22 Currency realignment - (3,302 ) - End of financial year 72,371 146,613 - On April 13, 2023, the Company entered into underwriting agreements (the “Underwriting Agreements”) with various third parties as representative of the several underwriters (the “Representative”), relating to the Initial Public Offering (“Offering”) of 2,412,369 no 4.00 120,618 5 4.00 5 The outstanding Representative’s Warrants are recognized as warrant liabilities as of December 31, 2023 and are measured at fair value at their inception date and subsequently remeasured at each reporting period with changes being recorded in the statement of profit or loss. CYTOMED THERAPEUTICS LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 The Representative’s Warrants are considered at Level 2 fair value hierarchy. The fair value of the warrants was determined by using Black-Scholes option pricing model using the key assumptions as follows: SCHEDULE OF FAIR VALUE OF WARRANTS - As at December 31, 2022 Expected volatility - Risk-free interest rate - Expected term (years) - Exercise price - Spot price - Fair value of warrant - E 7.3 % As at December 31, 2023 Expected volatility 6.77 % Risk-free interest rate 3.88 % Expected term (years) 5 Exercise price US$4.00 Spot price US$4.90 Fair value of warrant US$1.52 WARRANT RESERVE SCHEDULE OF WARRANT RESERVE 2022 2023 S$ S$ At beginning of year - - Cashless exercise of warrants - 73,930 At end of year - 73,930 Warrant reserve amounting to S$ 73,930 Nil 48,247 Nil

SHARE CAPITAL AND SHARE APPLICA

SHARE CAPITAL AND SHARE APPLICATION MONIES	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
SHARE CAPITAL AND SHARE APPLICATION MONIES	15 SHARE CAPITAL AND SHARE APPLICATION MONIES SCHEDULE OF SHARE CAPITAL APPLICATION 2022 2023 Number of shares: At beginning of financial year 7,479,745 8,444,460 Conversion from convertible loans - 672,499 Issuance of ordinary shares 964,715 2,412,369 At end of financial year 8,444,460 11,529,328 Paid-up capital (S$): At beginning of financial year 6,548,960 8,913,005 Conversion from convertible loans - 3,499,991 Issuance of ordinary shares 1,222,650 11,307,024 Transfer from share application monies 1,141,395 - Transfer to paid-up capital (1,141,395 ) - At end of financial year 8,913,005 23,720,020 Share application monies (S$): At beginning of financial year 1,141,395 - Transferred upon issuance of ordinary shares to share (1,141,395 ) - At end of financial year - - The paid-up ordinary shares have no par value and carry one vote per share and carry a right to dividends as and when declared by the Company. Share application monies On April 18, 2022, the Company has issued for 478,230 1,141,395 The newly issued shares rank pari passu CYTOMED THERAPEUTICS LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 Paid-up capital For the financial year ended December 31, 2022: The Company issued: (i) 478,230 1,141,395 (ii) 486,485 1,222,650 For the financial year ended December 31, 2023: The newly issued shares rank pari passu On January 17, 2023, the Company effected a 1-for-380.83 On January 26, 2023, the Company converted the convertible loan of S$ 250,000 into 82,990 ordinary shares at the conversion value of S$ 499,996 Upon conversion, the 82,990 499,996 pari passu On April 18, 2023, the Company completed the Offering on the Nasdaq Capital Market, whereby issued and sold 2,412,369 4.00 12,938,017 1,630,993 On April 21, 2023, the Company converted the convertible loan of S$ 1,500,000 into 589,509 ordinary shares at the conversion value of S$ 2,999,995 589,509 2,999,995 pari passu

OTHER OPERATING INCOME

OTHER OPERATING INCOME	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
OTHER OPERATING INCOME	16 OTHER OPERATING INCOME SCHEDULE OF OTHER OPERATING INCOME 2021 2022 2023 S$ S$ S$ Government grants: Jobs Support Scheme 4,880 - - Wage Subsidy Program 7,385 3,099 - Enterprise Development Grant 10,400 8,640 - Jobs Growth Incentive 3,750 5,550 - Hiring Incentive and Training Programme 7,709 9,077 3,459 Startup SG Tech - Proof-of-concept grant - 84,091 - Others 3,080 2,880 4,112 Research income 113,841 363,912 507,736 Interest income 3,369 2,097 285,719 Others 196 6,028 2,878 Total 154,610 485,374 803,904 The Jobs Support Scheme of the Singapore Government provides wage support and helps employers retain their local employees during a period of economic uncertainty. The Wage Subsidy Program is financial assistance introduced in Malaysia paid to employers and helps employers affected economically by the COVID-19 pandemic to continue operations and avoid the loss of jobs and income streams for all enterprises. CYTOMED THERAPEUTICS LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 The Enterprise Development Grant (Industry) supports projects that aim to help Small to Medium Enterprises in different stages of their technology innovation journey, to overcome their challenges in terms of resources and research and development capabilities. The Jobs Growth Incentive of the Singapore Government supports employers to accelerate their hiring of local workforce, so as to create good and long-term jobs for locals. The Hiring Incentive and Training Programme is an economic recovery incentive introduced in Malaysia to promote job creation among employers while increasing employment prospects. The Startup SG Tech - Proof-of-concept grant is a scheme to drive the growth of startups based on proprietary technology and to foster the spirit of deep-tech innovation among startups. Under the scheme, qualifying companies may receive early stage funding to help them develop and commercialize their innovations.

OTHER GAINS_(LOSSES) INCLUDING

OTHER GAINS/(LOSSES) INCLUDING FAIR VALUE CHANGES ON FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS – NET	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Other Gainslosses Including Fair Value Changes On Financial Instruments Net
OTHER GAINS/(LOSSES) INCLUDING FAIR VALUE CHANGES ON FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS – NET	17 OTHER GAINS/(LOSSES) INCLUDING FAIR VALUE CHANGES ON FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS SCHEDULE OF OTHER (LOSSES)/GAINS - NET 2021 2022 2023 S$ S$ S$ Fair value gain/(loss) on convertible loans (Note 12) 12,666 (1,090,480 ) (98,754 ) Foreign currency exchange loss - net (9,481 ) (26,422 ) (170,311 ) Gain on disposal of property, plant and equipment - 280 - Fair value on warrants liabilities at inception date (Note 14) - - (112,214 ) Fair value changes on warrant liabilities (Note 14) - - (111,631 ) Total 3,185 (1,116,622 ) (492,910 )

RESEARCH EXPENSES

RESEARCH EXPENSES	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
RESEARCH EXPENSES	18 RESEARCH EXPENSES SCHEDULE OF RESEARCH EXPENSES 2021 2022 2023 S$ S$ S$ Employee benefits expenses (Note 19) 400,250 500,038 642,533 Depreciation of property, plant and equipment (Note 7) 217,945 270,421 272,886 Amortization of intangible assets (Note 8) 10,700 10,700 4,209 Consumables expense 304,120 310,938 489,112 Royalty expenses 10,700 9,592 30,382 Professional fees 63,387 317,613 20,779 Electricity expenses 60,366 64,968 62,515 Others 23,155 38,495 67,277 Total 1,090,623 1,522,765 1,589,693

EMPLOYEE BENEFITS EXPENSES

EMPLOYEE BENEFITS EXPENSES	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
EMPLOYEE BENEFITS EXPENSES	19 EMPLOYEE BENEFITS EXPENSES SCHEDULE OF EMPLOYEE BENEFITS EXPENSES 2021 2022 2023 S$ S$ S$ Wages and salaries 491,015 604,068 849,198 Director’s fee - - 89,830 Defined contribution plans 66,792 80,212 117,283 Other short-term benefits 11,245 26,415 40,365 Total 569,052 710,695 1,096,676 Less: Accounted under “Research expenses” (Note 18) (400,250 ) (500,038 ) (642,533 ) Total 168,802 210,657 454,143 CYTOMED THERAPEUTICS LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023

FINANCE EXPENSES

FINANCE EXPENSES	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
FINANCE EXPENSES	20 FINANCE EXPENSES SCHEDULE OF FINANCE EXPENSES 2021 2022 2023 S$ S$ S$ Interest expenses on: Bank loan 19,427 19,560 20,764 Third party loan 2,014 9,719 4,266 Convertible loans 94,966 95,000 25,753 Lease liabilities (Note 13) 1,289 896 499 Total 117,696 125,175 51,282

OTHER EXPENSES

OTHER EXPENSES	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
OTHER EXPENSES	21 OTHER EXPENSES SCHEDULE OF OTHER EXPENSES 2021 2022 2023 S$ S$ S$ Advertising 2,481 - 33,307 Annual listing fee - - 64,370 Company insurance - - 282,797 Entertainment 310 3,260 30,977 Investor relationship expenses - - 204,808 Legal fees - - 115,272 Low-value assets rental 1,997 2,201 1,703 Offering expenses 316,805 199,625 758,563 Professional fees 118,036 184,253 396,915 Property tax 4,081 7,045 6,661 Printing and stationery 5,747 6,176 11,941 IT expenses 9,482 13,051 18,255 Repair and maintenance 3,504 8,720 3,728 Reversal of grant - - 84,091 Service fees 11,660 11,268 13,209 Subscription fee 833 2,165 1,083 Transportation and travelling expenses 867 3,364 144,998 Tools and supplies 1,086 3,516 2,333 Utilities 15,766 21,201 23,941 Others 26,111 28,830 14,190 Total 518,766 494,675 2,213,142

INCOME TAX EXPENSE

INCOME TAX EXPENSE	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
INCOME TAX EXPENSE	22 INCOME TAX EXPENSE SCHEDULE OF CURRENT INCOME TAX EXPENSES 2021 2022 2023 S$ S$ S$ Current tax liability - 1,640 653 CYTOMED THERAPEUTICS LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 The tax on the Group’s loss before tax differs from the theoretical amount that would arise using the Singapore standard rate of income tax as follows: SCHEDULE OF INCOME TAX EXPENSES 2021 2022 2023 S$ S$ S$ Loss before income tax (2,051,903 ) (3,129,812 ) (4,132,517 ) Tax calculated at tax rate of 17% (348,823 ) (532,068 ) (702,528 ) Effects of: - different tax rates in other countries 66,321 (41,874 ) (7,207 ) - deferred tax assets not recognized 214,613 327,624 462,910 - expenses not deductible for tax purposes 75,270 268,077 247,290 - income not subject to tax (7,381 ) (20,119 ) (465 ) - Under provision of prior year tax - - 653 Income tax expenses - 1,640 653 The Group has unused tax losses of approximately S$ 3,016,000 4,501,000 S$ 6,785,000 776,000 1,218,000 S$ 1,145,000 S$ 2,439,000 1,624,000 2,139,000 SCHEDULE OF UNUTILIZED TAX LOSSES 2021 2022 2023 S$ S$ S$ Unutilized tax losses At beginning of year 1,741,000 3,016,000 4,501,000 Addition 1,275,000 1,485,000 2,517,000 Over-provision in respect of prior years - - (233,000 ) At end of year 3,016,000 4,501,000 6,785,000 Unabsorbed capital allowance At beginning of year 789,000 776,000 1,218,000 (Utilization)/Addition (13,000 ) 442,000 206,000 Over-provision in respect of prior years - - (279,000 ) At end of year 776,000 1,218,000 1,145,000 Total 3,792,000 5,719,000 7,930,000 Unrecorded approximate 645,000 972,000 1,348,000 CYTOMED THERAPEUTICS LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023

COMMITMENTS

COMMITMENTS	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
COMMITMENTS	23 COMMITMENTS SCHEDULE OF OPERATING LEASE COMMITMENTS (a) Operating lease commitments 2021 2022 2023 S$ S$ S$ Low value leases 1,997 2,201 1,703 The Group has elected not to recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for short-term leases that have lease terms of 12 months or less and leases of low value leases. Lease payments relating to these leases are charged to profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term. SCHEDULE OF CAPITAL COMMITMENTS (b) Capital commitments Capital expenditures contracted for at the balance sheet date but not recognized in the financial statements are as follows: 2021 2022 2023 S$ S$ S$ Purchase of a property in Malaysia - - 387,720 Loan to a third party * - - 1,000,000 * The Group embarked on its strategy in People’s Republic of China via a collaborative effort on using the CTM-GDT for cancer immunotherapy. As such, the Group committed this loan to a third party for the purpose of conducting an investigator initiated clinical trial through local partners in Chongqing, one of the most populous regions in People’s Republic of China. SCHEDULE OF FUTURE MINIMUM PAYMENTS UNDER NON-CANCELLABLE (c) Other commitments The Group entered into an exclusive, worldwide, non-sublicensable, non-transferable and revocable-for-cause license with an independent company for the NKG2DL-targeting CAR-gamma delta T cell and iPSC-gdNKT cell technology. As of December 31, 2023, the total future minimum payments under non-cancellable licencing 2021 2022 2023 S$ S$ S$ Within 1 year 4,458 4,867 5,885 After 1 year but within 5 years 42,800 47,080 47,960 Over 5 years 134,285 118,235 106,457 Total 181,543 170,182 160,302 CYTOMED THERAPEUTICS LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS, FINANCIA

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS, FINANCIAL RISKS AND CAPITAL RISKS MANAGEMENT	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Financial Instruments Financial Risks And Capital Risks Management
FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS, FINANCIAL RISKS AND CAPITAL RISKS MANAGEMENT	24 FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS, FINANCIAL RISKS AND CAPITAL RISKS MANAGEMENT a) Categories of financial instruments The following table sets out the financial instruments as at the end of the reporting period: SCHEDULE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS 2021 2022 2023 S$ S$ S$ Financial asset Financial assets at amortized cost: Other receivables 20,522 73,144 263,830 Cash and cash equivalents 2,512,768 1,579,718 8,995,067 Financial assets at amortized cost 2,533,290 1,652,862 9,258,897 Financial liabilities Financial liabilities at amortized cost: Trade and other payables 210,253 410,798 521,680 Lease liabilities 23,131 14,419 6,324 Borrowings other than convertible loans 924,810 803,606 441,698 Financial liabilities at amortized cost 1,158,194 1,228,823 969,702 Financial liabilities at FVTPL: Convertible loans 2,310,757 3,401,237 - Warrant liabilities - - 146,613 Financial liabilities at FVTPL 2,310,757 3,401,237 146,613 b) Financial instruments subject to offsetting, enforceable master netting arrangements and similar agreements The Company does not have any financial instruments which are subject to enforceable master netting arrangements or similar netting agreements. c) Financial risk management policies and objectives The management of the Company monitors and manages the financial risks relating to the operations of the Company to ensure appropriate measures are implemented in a timely and effective manner. These risks include market risk (including currency risk and interest rate risk), credit risk and liquidity risk. CYTOMED THERAPEUTICS LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 (i) Market risk management The Group activities are exposed primarily to the financial risks of changes in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. Management monitors risks associated with changes in foreign currency exchanges rates and interest rates and will consider appropriate measures should the need arise. There has been no significant change to the Group’s exposure to market risk or the manner in which it manages and measures the risk. (ii) Foreign currency risk management The Group operates in Singapore and Malaysia. Entities in the Group regularly transact in currencies other than their respective functional currencies (“foreign currencies”). Currency risk arises when transactions are denominated in foreign currencies other than the Group entities’ respective functional currencies. In addition, the Group is exposed to currency translation risk on the net assets in foreign operations. The Group’s currency exposure based on the information provided to key management is as follows: SCHEDULE OF CURRENCY EXPOSURE BASED ON THE INFORMATION SGD MYR USD GBP Total S$ S$ S$ S$ S$ December 31, 2023 Financial assets Cash and bank balances 432,663 186,204 8,376,200 - 8,995,067 Trade and other receivables 195,855 67,975 - - 263,830 Intra-group receivables - - - - - Financial assets 628,518 254,179 8,376,200 - 9,258,897 Financial liabilities Trade and other payables (382,904 ) (117,279 ) (24,388 ) - (524,571 ) Borrowings - (448,022 ) - - (448,022 ) Warrant liabilities - - (146,613 ) - (146,613 ) Intra-group payables - - - - - Financial liabilities (382,904 ) (565,301 ) (171,001 ) - (1,119,206 ) Net financial (liabilities)/assets 245,614 (311,122 ) 8,205,199 - 8,139,691 Add: Net financial assets/(liabilities) denominated respective entities’ functional currencies (245,614 ) 311,122 - - 65,508 Currency exposure of financial assets, net of those denominated in the Company’s functional currency - - 8,205,199 - 8,205,199 SGD MYR USD GBP Total S$ S$ S$ S$ S$ December 31, 2022 Financial assets Cash and bank balances 1,261,189 233,500 85,029 - 1,579,718 Trade and other receivables 38,141 35,003 - - 73,144 Intra-group receivables 1,069,340 20,583 - - 1,089,923 Financial assets 2,368,670 289,086 85,029 - 2,742,785 Financial liabilities Trade and other payables (186,652 ) (53,938 ) (23,998 ) (146,212 ) (410,800 ) Borrowings (3,701,237 ) (518,025 ) - - (4,219,262 ) Intra-group payables (1,069,340 ) (20,583 ) - - (1,089,923 ) Financial liabilities (4,957,229 ) (592,546 ) (23,998 ) (146,212 ) (5,719,985 ) Net financial (liabilities)/assets (2,588,559 ) (303,460 ) 61,031 (146,212 ) (2,977,200 ) Add: Net financial assets/(liabilities) denominated respective entities’ functional currencies 2,588,559 303,460 - - 2,892,019 Currency exposure of financial assets, net of those denominated in the Company’s functional currency - - 61,031 (146,212 ) (85,181 ) CYTOMED THERAPEUTICS LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 If the MYR and USD change against the SGD by 5 5 SCHEDULE OF NET FINANCIAL LIABILITY ASSET CURRENCY RISK Loss after tax Loss after tax Approximate increase/(decrease) 2023 2022 Loss after tax Loss after tax S$ S$ MYR against SGD - strengthened - - - weakened - - USD against SGD - strengthened 341,000 (2,600 ) - weakened (341,000 ) 2,600 GBP against SGD - strengthened - 6,000 - weakened - (6,000 ) Increase/(decrease) Loss after tax - (6,000 ) CYTOMED THERAPEUTICS LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 (iii) Interest rate risk management The Group is exposed to interest rate risk as the Group has bank loan amounting to S$ 441,698 503,606 The sensitivity analysis below has been determined based on the exposure to interest rate for non-derivative instruments at the end of the reporting period. A 50 basis point increase or decrease is used when reporting interest rate risk internally to key management personnel and represents management’s assessment of the reasonably possible change in interest rates. If interest rates on loans had been 50 basis points higher/lower and all other variables were held constant, the Group’s loss for the year would increase/decrease by approximately S$ 1,800 2,000 (iv) Credit risk management Credit risk refers to the risk that a counterparty will default on its contractual obligations resulting in a financial loss to us. Our credit risk is primarily attributable to our cash and cash equivalents. Our credit risk arising from cash and cash equivalents is limited because the counterparties are banks and financial institutions with good credit ratings which we consider to have low credit risk. (v) Liquidity risk management Prudent liquidity risk management implies sufficient cash to finance the Group’s and the Company’s operations and development activities. The Group manages the liquidity risk by maintaining a level of cash and cash equivalents deemed adequate to finance the Group’s business operations and development activities. The Group’s objective is to maintain a balance between continuing of funding and flexibility through the use of borrowings. Cash flow from operations and capital contributions and loans from shareholders have been utilized to finance the working capital requirements of the Group. As of December 31, 2023, the Group has negative cash flow from operating activities of S$ 3,432,830 2,602,010 positive S$ 9,379,688 7,109,595 S$ 8,995,067 6,818,060 Offering. Offering, 2,412,369 4.00 12,938,017 (U.S.$ 9,806,729 S$ 10,307,588 7,812,922 The table below analyses non-derivative financial liabilities of the Group and the Company into relevant maturity groupings based on the remaining period from the balance sheet date to the contractual maturity date. SCHEDULE OF REMAINING CONTRACTUAL MATURITIES Less than 1 year or on demand Between 1 and 2 years Between 2 Over 5 years Total S$ S$ S$ S$ S$ December 31, 2023 Trade and other payables 521,680 - - - 521,680 Lease liabilities 6,462 - - - 6,462 Borrowings (excluding lease liabilities) 53,261 53,261 159,782 288,495 554,799 December 31, 2022 Trade and other payables 410,798 - - - 410,798 Lease liabilities 8,227 6,856 - - 15,083 Borrowings (excluding lease liabilities) 2,190,724 56,506 169,518 362,580 2,779,328 CYTOMED THERAPEUTICS LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 (vi) Fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities The management considers that the carrying amounts of the Company’s financial assets and financial liabilities approximate their respective fair values due to the relatively short-term maturity of these financial instruments. The fair values of the Group’s borrowings (other than convertible loans and warrant liabilities Notes and 14 consolidated The following table shows an analysis of each class of financial instruments measured at fair value at the reporting date: SCHEDULE OF EACH CLASS OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS MEASURED AT FAIR VALUE (Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3) Total Fair value measurement at the reporting date using Quoted prices in active markets for identical instruments Significant observant Significant (Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3) Total S$ S$ S$ S$ 2023 Financial liabilities: Warrant liabilities - 146,613 - 146,613 2022 Financial liabilities: Convertible loans - - 3,401,237 3,401,237 The fair values of other classes of financial assets and liabilities are disclosed in the respective notes to consolidated financial statements. (d) Capital risk management policies and objectives The management manages its capital to ensure that the Group will be able to continue as a going concern in order to provide returns for shareholders and benefits for other stakeholders and to maintain an optimal capital structure to reduce cost of capital. The capital structure of the Company consists of equity attributable to owners of the Company, comprising issued capital and accumulated losses as disclosed in the notes to financial statements. Management monitors capital based on debt-to-equity ratio. The debt-to-equity ratio is calculated as total debt divided by total equity. SCHEDULE OF CAPITAL BASED ON DEBT-TO-EQUITY RATIO 2022 2023 S$ S$ Total borrowings (Notes 11-13) 4,219,262 448,022 Total equity 586,298 11,244,155 Debt-to-equity % 720 % 4 % The Group is not subject to externally imposed capital requirements for the financial years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023. The Group’s overall strategy remains unchanged from prior year.

SEGMENT INFORMATION

SEGMENT INFORMATION	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
SEGMENT INFORMATION	25 SEGMENT INFORMATION Operating segments are identified on the basis of internal reports about components of the Group that are regularly reviewed by the COO (“Chief Operating Officer”) for the purpose of resource allocation and performance assessment. Segment results, assets and liabilities include items directly attributable to a segment as well as those that can be allocated on a reasonable basis. The Group operates in a single business segment which is the business of innate immune cell-based immunotherapy, pluripotent stem cell-based therapy and undertaking the research and development of immune cell and stem cell-based therapy. No operating segments have been aggregated to form the following reportable operating segment. Geographical information: Non-current assets (excluding investment in the associate) information based on the location of assets are as follows: SCHEDULE OF GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION IN NON-CURRENT ASSETS 2022 2023 S$ S$ Malaysia 1,751,773 1,408,589 Singapore 741,999 668,577 Total 2,493,772 2,077,166 Non-current assets information presented above consist of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets as presented in the consolidated statements of financial positions. CYTOMED THERAPEUTICS LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023

RECONCILIATIONS OF LIABILITIES

RECONCILIATIONS OF LIABILITIES ARISING FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
RECONCILIATIONS OF LIABILITIES ARISING FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES	26 RECONCILIATIONS OF LIABILITIES ARISING FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES SCHEDULE OF RECONCILIATIONS OF LIABILITIES ARISING FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES At beginning of year Proceeds from borrowings Payments Interest expenses Conversion of ordinary shares Fair value changes At end of year Cash Flows Non-cash changes At beginning of year Proceeds from borrowings Payments Interest expenses Conversion of ordinary shares Fair value changes At end of year S$ S$ S$ S$ S$ S$ 2023 Bank loan 503,606 - (82,672 ) # 20,764 - - 441,698 Warrant liabilities - - - - (73,930 ) 220,543 ^ 146,613 Third party loan 300,000 - (304,266 ) 4,266 - - - Convertible loans 3,401,237 - (25,753 ) 25,753 (3,499,991 ) 98,754 - Lease liabilities 14,419 - (8,594 ) * 499 - - 6,324 2022 Bank loan 574,810 - (90,764 ) 19,560 - - 503,606 Third party loan 350,000 300,000 (359,719 ) 9,719 - - 300,000 Convertible loans 2,310,757 - (95,000 ) 95,000 - 1,090,480 3,401,237 Lease liabilities 23,131 - (9,608 )* 896 - - 14,419 2021 Bank loan 626,262 - (70,879 ) 19,427 - - 574,810 Third party loan - 350,000 (2,014 ) 2,014 - - 350,000 Convertible loans 2,323,423 - (94,966 ) 94,966 - (12,666 ) 2,310,757 Lease liabilities 31,122 - (9,280 )* 1,289 - - 23,131 ^ Includes exchange realignment of S$ 3,302 of warrant liabilities for the year ended December 31, 2023. # Includes exchange realignment of S$ 28,924 of bank borrowings for the year ended December 31, 2023. * Includes exchange realignment of S$ 535 , S$ 1,157 and S$ 653 of lease liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively. Other significant non-cash transactions arising from the financing activities in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows were as follows: During the financial year ended December 31, 2021, the Group had the following significant non-cash transactions: Issuance of 92,563 190,355 During the financial year ended December 31, 2023, the Group had the following significant non-cash transactions: Issuance of 120,618 223,845

RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS	27 RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS Some of the Company’s transactions and arrangements are with related parties and the effect of these on the basis determined between the parties is reflected in these financial statements. The balances are unsecured, interest-free and repayable on demand unless otherwise stated. SCHEDULE OF RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS 2021 2022 2023 S$ S$ S$ Transactions with related parties: Research income from associate 50,205 207,206 183,518 Purchase from associate 2,499 7,360 647 Service fee paid to directors 11,660 11,268 3,529 Amount due to a director 1,265 1,265 - Balances with related parties: Trade payables to associate 1,102 - - Trade receivable from associate - - 4,739 Compensation of directors and key management personnel The remuneration of directors and key management personnel during the year were as follows: SCHEDULE OF REMUNERATION OF DIRECTORS AND KEY MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL 2021 2022 2023 S$ S$ S$ Wages and salaries 272,507 290,070 410,699 Defined contribution plans 37,285 39,122 46,762 Other short-term benefits 3,358 3,414 7,028 Total 313,150 332,606 464,489 Analyzed by: Directors of the Company - - 233,282 Other key management personnel 313,150 332,606 231,207 Total 313,150 332,606 464,489 CYTOMED THERAPEUTICS LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023

HOLDING COMPANY AND RELATED COM

HOLDING COMPANY AND RELATED COMPANY TRANSACTIONS	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Holding Company And Related Company Transactions
HOLDING COMPANY AND RELATED COMPANY TRANSACTIONS	28 HOLDING COMPANY AND RELATED COMPANY TRANSACTIONS The Company is a subsidiary of Glorious Finance Limited, incorporated in the British Virgin Islands, which is also the Company’s ultimate holding company. Related companies in these financial statements refer to members of the ultimate holding company’s group of companies. Some of the Company’s transactions and arrangements are between members of the group and the effect of these on the basis determined between the parties is reflected in these financial statements. The intercompany balances are unsecured, interest-free and repayable on demand, unless otherwise stated.

EVENTS OCCURRING AFTER BALANCE

EVENTS OCCURRING AFTER BALANCE SHEET DATE	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
EVENTS OCCURRING AFTER BALANCE SHEET DATE	29 EVENTS OCCURRING AFTER BALANCE SHEET DATE The Company has assessed all events occurred from December 31, 2023, up through April 22, 2024, which is the date that these consolidated financial statements are available to be issued. Other than the events disclosed below, there are not any material subsequent events that would require disclosure in these consolidated financial statements. On February 1, 2024, the Group completed the purchase of a property in Johor, Malaysia (“Purchase”) for business expansion by receiving the notice of transfer of ownership for the property from the Malaysian land office in which the sale and purchase agreement of such Purchase was entered into between the Company and a third party on September 29, 2023 for a total purchase consideration of approximately S$ 431,000 1.5 On February 29, 2024, the Company entered into a research collaboration agreement with Sengkang General Hospital, a major public hospital in Singapore to advance injectable allogeneic umbilical cord derived MSC for cartilage injury. In this collaboration, the Company looking to provide CTM-MSC and its conditioned media for in vivo studies and Phase I clinical trial in Singapore. On March 25, 2024, the Group received the letter of acceptance for the acquisition of certain assets (“Acquisition”) of a third party (“Acquiree”) relating to the business of providing cord blood banking for a total offer price of approximately S$ 661,000 2.30 13,000 46,000

MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICY IN_2

MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICY INFORMATION (Policies)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Material Accounting Policy Information
BASIS OF PREPARATION	BASIS OF PREPARATION The preparation of these financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires management to exercise its judgement in the process of applying the Group’s accounting policies. It also requires the use of certain critical accounting estimates and assumptions. The areas involving a higher degree of judgement or complexity, or areas where estimates and assumptions are significant to the financial statements are disclosed in Note 3. Adoption of IFRS On January 1, 2022, the Group adopted the new or amended IFRS and Interpretations of IFRS (“ INT IFRS
BASIS OF ACCOUNTING	BASIS OF ACCOUNTING Historical cost is generally based on the fair value of the consideration given in exchange for goods and services. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, regardless of whether that price is directly observable or estimated using another valuation technique. In estimating the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Company takes into account the characteristics of the asset or liability which market participants would take into account when pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. Fair value for measurement and/or disclosure purposes in these financial statements is determined on such a basis. In addition, for financial reporting purposes, fair value measurements are categorized into Level 1, 2 or 3 based on the degree to which the inputs to the fair value measurements are observable and the significance of the inputs to the fair value measurement in its entirety, which are described as follows: ● Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the entity can access at the measurement date; ● Level 2 inputs are inputs, other than quoted prices included within Level 1, that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly; and ● Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability. The Company’s policy is to recognize transfers into and transfers out of any of the three levels as of the date of the event or change in circumstances that caused the transfer. CYTOMED THERAPEUTICS LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023
ADOPTION OF NEW AND REVISED STANDARDS	ADOPTION OF NEW AND REVISED STANDARDS
NEW AND REVISED IFRS STANDARDS IN ISSUE BUT NOT YET EFFECTIVE	NEW AND REVISED IFRS STANDARDS IN ISSUE BUT NOT YET EFFECTIVE
BASIS OF CONSOLIDATION	BASIS OF CONSOLIDATION (a) Consolidation Subsidiaries are all entities (including structured entities) over which the Group has control. The Group controls an entity when the Group is exposed to, or has rights to, variable returns from its involvement with the entity and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the entity. Subsidiaries are fully consolidated from the date on which control is transferred to the Group. They are deconsolidated from the date on that control ceases. In preparing the consolidated financial statements, transactions, balances and unrealized gains on transactions between group entities are eliminated. Unrealized losses are also eliminated unless the transaction provides evidence of an impairment indicator of the transferred asset. Accounting policies of subsidiaries have been changed where necessary to ensure consistency with the policies adopted by the Group. Non-controlling interests comprise the portion of a subsidiary’s net results of operations and its net assets, which is attributable to the interests that are not owned directly or indirectly by the equity holders of the Company. They are shown separately in the consolidated statements of profit or loss and other comprehensive loss, consolidated statements of changes in equity, and consolidated statements of financial positions. Total comprehensive loss is attributed to the non-controlling interests based on their respective interests in a subsidiary, even if this results in the non-controlling interests having a deficit balance. (b) Acquisitions The acquisition method of accounting is used to account for business combinations entered into by the Group. The consideration transferred for the acquisition of a subsidiary or business comprises the fair value of the assets transferred, the liabilities incurred and the equity interests issued by the Group. The consideration transferred also includes any contingent consideration arrangement and any pre-existing equity interest in the subsidiary measured at their fair values at the acquisition date. Acquisition-related costs are expensed as incurred. CYTOMED THERAPEUTICS LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities and contingent liabilities assumed in a business combination are, with limited exceptions, measured initially at their fair values at the acquisition date. On an acquisition-by-acquisition basis, the Group recognizes any non-controlling interest in the acquiree at the date of acquisition either at fair value or at the non-controlling interest’s proportionate share of the acquiree’s identifiable net assets. The excess of (a) the consideration transferred, the amount of any non-controlling interest in the acquiree and the acquisition-date fair value of any previous equity interest in the acquiree over the (b) fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. Please refer to the paragraph “Intangible assets – Goodwill” for the subsequent accounting policy on goodwill.
CONVENIENCE TRANSLATION	CONVENIENCE TRANSLATION Translations of amounts in the consolidated statements of financial positions, consolidated statements of profit or loss and other comprehensive loss, and consolidated statement of cash flows from SGD into USD as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023 are solely for the convenience of the reader and were calculated at the noon buying rate of USD 1 SGD 1.3193
FINANCIAL ASSETS	FINANCIAL ASSETS (a) Classification and measurement The Group classifies its financial assets at amortized cost. The classification depends on the Group’s business model for managing the financial assets as well as the contractual terms of the cash flows of the financial assets. The Group reclassifies debt instruments when and only when its business model for managing those assets changes. CYTOMED THERAPEUTICS LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 At initial recognition At initial recognition, the Group measures a financial asset at its fair value plus, in the case of the financial assets not a fair value through profit or loss, transaction cost that are directly attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. Transaction costs of financial assets carried at fair value through profit or loss are expensed in profit or loss. At subsequent measurement Debt instrument – Debt instruments that are held for collection of contractual cash flows where those cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest are measured at amortized cost. A gain or loss on a debt instrument that is subsequently measured at amortized cost and is not part of a hedging relationship is recognized in profit or loss when the asset is derecognized or impaired. Interest income from these financial assets is included in interest income using the effective interest rate method. (b) Impairment The Group assesses on a forward-looking basis the expected credit losses associated with its debt financial assets carried at amortized cost. The impairment methodology applied depends on whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk. The note to the consolidated financial statements on credit risk details how the Group determines whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk. (c) Recognition and derecognition Purchases and sales of financial assets are recognized on trade date – the date on which the Group commits to purchase or sell the asset. Financial assets are derecognized when the rights to receive cash flows from the financial assets have expired or have been transferred and the Group has transferred substantially all risks and rewards of ownership. On disposal of a debt instrument, the difference between the carrying amount and the sale proceeds is recognized in profit or loss. CYTOMED THERAPEUTICS LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023
FINANCIAL LIABILITIES AND EQUITY INSTRUMENTS	FINANCIAL LIABILITIES AND EQUITY INSTRUMENTS (a) Classification as debt or equity Debt and equity instruments issued by a Group entity are classified as either financial liabilities or as equity in accordance with substance of the contractual arrangements and the definitions of a financial liability and an equity instrument. (b) Equity instruments An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of an entity after deducting all of its liabilities. Equity instruments issued by a Group are recognized at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs. (c) Financial liabilities Except for convertible loans and warrant liabilities The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortized cost of a financial liability and of allocating interest expense over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments (including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the financial liability, or (where appropriate) a shorter period, to the amortized cost of a financial liability. The warrants issued by the Company are accounted for as financial liabilities. The warrants are initially recognized at fair value, and in subsequent periods measured at fair value through profit or loss with any changes in fair value recognized in profit or loss until the warrants are exercised or expire. (d) Derecognition of financial liabilities The Group derecognizes financial liabilities when, and only when, the Group’s obligations are discharged, cancelled or expired. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability derecognized and the consideration paid and payable, including any non-cash assets transferred or liabilities assumed, is recognized in profit or loss. (e) Offsetting financial instruments Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount reported in the consolidated statements of financial positions when there is a legally enforceable right to offset and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.
INVESTMENT IN AN ASSOCIATE	INVESTMENT IN AN ASSOCIATE 20 The Group accounts for its investment in the associate using the equity method. On acquisition of the investment, any excess of the cost of the investment over the Group’s share of the net fair value of the investee’s identifiable assets and liabilities represents goodwill and is included in the carrying amount of the investment. Any excess of the Group’s share of the net fair value of the investee’s identifiable assets and liabilities over the cost of the investment is included as income in the determination of the Group’s share of the associate’s profit or loss in the period in which the investment is acquired. Under the equity method, the investment in an associate is carried at cost plus post-acquisition changes in the Group’s share of net assets of the associate. Goodwill relating to the associate is included in the carrying amount of the investment and is not tested for impairment separately. After application of the equity method, the Group determines whether it is necessary to recognize an impairment loss on its investment in its associate. At each reporting date, the Group determines whether there is objective evidence that the investment in the associate is impaired. If there is such evidence, the Group calculates the amount of impairment as the difference between the recoverable amount of the associate and its carrying value, and then recognizes the loss within “Share of results of associate” in the profit or loss. CYTOMED THERAPEUTICS LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023
PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT	PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT (a) Measurement (i) Property, plant and equipment Property, plant and equipment are initially recognized at cost and subsequently carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses. (ii) Components of costs The cost of an item of property, plant and equipment initially recognized includes its purchase price and any cost that is directly attributable to bringing the asset to the location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in the manner intended by management. (b) Depreciation Freehold land is not depreciated. Depreciation on other items of property, plant and equipment is calculated using the straight-line method to allocate their depreciable amounts over their estimated useful lives as followed; DISCLOSURE OF PROPERTY PLANT AND EQUIPMENT ESTIMATED USEFUL LIFE EXPLANATORY Building - 16 60 Laboratory equipment - 5 Motor vehicle - 5 Furniture, fittings and equipment - 3 5 Renovation - 10 The residual values, estimated useful lives and depreciation method of property, plant and equipment are reviewed, and adjusted as appropriate, at each balance sheet date. The effects of any revision are recognized in profit or loss when the changes arise. (c) Subsequent expenditure Subsequent expenditure relating to property, plant and equipment that has already been recognized is added to the carrying amount of the asset only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the entity and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. All other repair and maintenance expenses are recognized in profit or loss when incurred. CYTOMED THERAPEUTICS LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023
INTANGIBLE ASSETS	INTANGIBLE ASSETS (a) Goodwill Goodwill on acquisitions of subsidiaries and businesses, represents the excess of (i) the sum of the consideration transferred, the amount of any non-controlling interest in the acquiree and the acquisition-date fair value of any previous equity interest in the acquiree over (ii) the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired. Goodwill on subsidiaries is recognized separately as intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses. (b) Acquired intellectual properties licenses Intellectual properties licenses acquired are initially recognized at cost and are subsequently carried at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses. These costs are amortized to profit or loss using the straight-line method over 5 years (c) Acquired computer software licenses Acquired computer software licenses are initially recognized at cost which includes the purchase prices and other directly attributable costs of preparing the asset for its intended use. Costs associated with maintaining the computer software are expensed off when incurred. Computer software licenses are subsequently carried at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses. These costs are amortized to profit or loss using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives of 3 years The amortization period and amortization method of intangible assets other than goodwill are reviewed at least at each balance sheet date. The effects of any revision are recognized in profit or loss when the changes arise.
IMPAIRMENT OF NON-FINANCIAL ASSETS	IMPAIRMENT OF NON-FINANCIAL ASSETS (a) Goodwill Goodwill recognized separately as an intangible asset is tested for impairment annually and whenever there is indication that the goodwill may be impaired. For the purpose of impairment testing of goodwill, goodwill is allocated to each of the Group’s cash-generating-units (“CGU”) expected to benefit from synergies arising from the business combination. CYTOMED THERAPEUTICS LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 An impairment loss is recognized when the carrying amount of a CGU, including the goodwill, exceeds the recoverable amount of the CGU. The recoverable amount of a CGU is the higher of the CGU’s fair value less cost to sell and value-in-use. The total impairment loss of a CGU is allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of goodwill allocated to the CGU and then to the other assets of the CGU pro-rata on the basis of the carrying amount of each asset in the CGU. An impairment loss on goodwill is recognized as an expense and is not reversed in a subsequent period. (b) Intangible assets (other than Goodwill) and Property, plant and equipment Intangible assets and property, plant and equipment are tested for impairment whenever there is any objective evidence or indication that these assets may be impaired. For the purpose of impairment testing, the recoverable amount (i.e. the higher of the fair value less cost to sell and the value-in-use) is determined on an individual asset basis unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets. If this is the case, the recoverable amount is determined for the CGU to which the asset belongs. If the recoverable amount of the asset (or CGU) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or CGU) is reduced to its recoverable amount. The difference between the carrying amount and recoverable amount is recognized as an impairment loss in profit or loss. An impairment loss for an asset is reversed if, and only if, there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the asset’s recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognized. The carrying amount of this asset is increased to its revised recoverable amount, provided that this amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined (net of any accumulated amortization or depreciation) had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset in prior years. A reversal of impairment loss for an asset other than goodwill is recognized in profit or loss. (c) Investment in an associate The Group determines whether it is necessary to recognize an impairment loss on its investment in its associate. At each reporting date, the Group determines whether there is objective evidence that the investment in the associate is impaired. If there is such evidence, the Group calculates the amount of impairment as the difference between the recoverable amount of the associate and its carrying value, and then recognizes the loss within ‘Share of results of associate’ in the statements of profit or loss. The annual impairment test of investment in an associate involved significant management assessment and judgement required in determining the assumptions to be used to estimate the recoverable amount. Such recoverable amount is based on the higher of the value in use or fair value less costs of disposal, has been derived from discounted forecast cash flow models, including estimates of futures sales volumes and prices, operating costs, revenue growth rates and the weighted-average cost of capital (discount rate).
TRADE AND OTHER PAYABLES	TRADE AND OTHER PAYABLES Trade and other payables are initially recognized at fair value, and subsequently carried at amortized cost using the effective interest method. CYTOMED THERAPEUTICS LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023
BORROWINGS	BORROWINGS (a) Borrowings Borrowings are initially recognized at fair value (net of transaction costs) and subsequently carried at amortized cost. Any difference between the proceeds (net of transaction costs) and the redemption value is recognized in profit or loss over the period of the borrowings using the effective interest method. (b) Convertible loans The component parts of the convertible loans are classified separately as financial liability and equity in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangements and the definitions of a financial liability and an equity instrument. A conversion option that will be settled by the exchange of a fixed amount of cash or another financial asset for a fixed number of the Company’s own equity instruments is an equity instrument. A conversion option that will be settled other than by the exchange of a fixed amount of cash or another financial asset for a fixed number of the Group’s own equity instruments is a conversion option derivatives. Convertible loans issued by the Company are designated at fair value through profit or loss (“FVTPL”) on initial recognition. Convertible loans are measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in profit or loss. Transaction costs that relate to the issue of convertible loans are charged to profit or loss immediately. (c) Borrowing costs All borrowing costs are recognized in profit or loss in the period in which they are incurred.
LEASES	LEASES When the Group is the lessee At the inception of the contract, the Group assesses if the contract contains a lease. A contract contains a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. Reassessment is only required when the terms and conditions of the contract are changed. CYTOMED THERAPEUTICS LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 ● Lease liabilities The initial measurement of a lease liability is measured at the present value of the lease payments discounted using the implicit rate in the lease, if the rate can be readily determined. If that rate cannot be readily determined, the Group shall use its incremental borrowing rate. Lease payments include the following: - Fixed payment (including in-substance fixed payments), less any lease incentives receivables; - Variable lease payment that are based on an index or rate, initially measured using the index or rate as at the commencement date; - Amount expected to be payable under residual value guarantees; - The exercise price of a purchase option if is reasonably certain to exercise the option; and - Payment of penalties for terminating the lease, if the lease term reflects the Group exercising that option. For contracts that contain both lease and non-lease components, the Group allocates the consideration to each lease component on the basis of the relative stand-alone price of the lease and non-lease component. The Group has elected to not separate lease and non-lease component for property leases and account these as one single lease component. Lease liability is measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. Lease liability shall be remeasured when: - There is a change in future lease payments arising from changes in an index or rate; - There is a change in the Group’s assessment of whether it will exercise an extension option; or - There is modification in the scope or the consideration of the lease that was not part of the original term. CYTOMED THERAPEUTICS LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 ● Short-term and low-value leases The Group has elected to not recognized right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for short-term leases that have lease terms of 12 months or less and leases of low value leases. Lease payments relating to these leases are expensed to profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
EMPLOYEE BENEFITS	EMPLOYEE BENEFITS (a) Defined contribution plans Defined contribution plans are post-employment benefit plans under which the Group pays fixed contributions into separate entities such as the Central Provident Fund on a mandatory, contractual or voluntary basis. The Group has no further payment obligations once the contributions have been paid. (b) Employee leave entitlement Employee entitlements to annual leave are recognized when they accrue to employees. A provision is made for the estimated liability for annual leave as a result of services rendered by employees up to the balance sheet date.
PROVISIONS	PROVISIONS The amount recognized as a provision is the best estimate of the consideration required to settle the present obligation at the end of the reporting period, taking into account the risks and uncertainties surrounding the obligation. Where a provision is measured using the cash flows estimated to settle the present obligation, its carrying amount is the present value of those cash flows. When some or all of the economic benefits required to settle a provision are expected to be recovered from a third party, the receivable is recognized as an asset if it is virtually certain that reimbursement will be received and the amount of the receivable can be measured reliably. CYTOMED THERAPEUTICS LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023
REVENUE RECOGNITION	REVENUE RECOGNITION Revenue is recognized when the Group satisfies a performance obligation by transferring promised goods or services to the customer, which is when the customer obtains control of the goods or services. A performance obligation may be satisfied at a point in time or over time. The amount of revenue recognized is the amount allocated to the satisfied performance obligation. Advance payments received from customers are recognized as contract liabilities as the Group has not yet satisfied its performance obligation. Contract liabilities are recognized as other income when the Group satisfied its performance obligation. Research income Interest Income
RESEARCH EXPENSES	RESEARCH EXPENSES Research R&D expenses consist primarily of costs incurred for our research and pre-clinical activities, which include: ● salaries, welfare benefits and other related expenses for the employees engaged in R&D functions; ● costs of manufacturing product candidates and consultants engaged in research, pre-clinical studies and potential future clinical trials; ● expenses related to the upkeep of the facilities we use, which include expenses for maintenance of facilities and laboratory equipment ● costs related to regulatory compliance; and ● royalty payments for our intellectual properties used in research activities.
GOVERNMENT GRANTS AND SUBSIDIES	GOVERNMENT GRANTS AND SUBSIDIES Government grants receivable are recognized as income over the periods necessary to match them with the related costs which they are intended to compensate, on a systematic basis. Government grants relating to expenses are shown separately as other income. Grants related to assets are presented as deferred income under trade and other payables. CYTOMED THERAPEUTICS LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023
SEGMENT REPORTING	SEGMENT REPORTING ● that engages in business activities from which it may earn revenues and incur expenses (including revenues and expenses relating to transactions with other components of the same entity); ● whose operating results are regularly reviewed by the entity’s chief operating decision maker to make decisions about resources to be allocated to the segment and assess its performance; and ● for which discrete financial information is available. The Group has identified one operating segment i.e. the business of innate immune cell-based immunotherapy, pluripotent stem cell-based therapy and undertaking the research and development of immune cell and stem cell-based therapy. The assessment of reportable segments is based upon having similar economic characteristics and if the operating segments are similar in the following respects: ● the nature of the products and services; ● the nature of the production processes; ● the type or class of customer for their products and services; ● the methods used to distribute their products or provide their services; and ● if applicable, the nature of the regulatory environment, for example, banking, insurance, or public utilities. Reportable segments are distinguished due to their differences in their operations and economics. They are managed separately because they require different business, technological, and marketing strategies. The Group’s Chairman is considered to be the Group’s Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”). The CODM reviews non-financial information, for purposes of allocating resources. Based on the internal financial information provided to the CODM, the Group has determined that the identified operating segment as one reportable segment. The CODM evaluates the assets and liabilities despite disaggregated financial information being available, the accounting policies used in the determination of the segment amounts are the same as those used in the preparation of the Group’s financial statements.
SHARE CAPITAL	SHARE CAPITAL
SHARE APPLICATION MONIES	SHARE APPLICATION MONIES CYTOMED THERAPEUTICS LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023
INCOME TAX	INCOME TAX Deferred income tax is recognized for all temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the financial statements except when the deferred income tax arises from the initial recognition of goodwill or an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss at the time of the transaction. A deferred income tax liability is recognized on temporary differences arising on investments in subsidiaries, associates, except where the Group is able to control the timing of the reversal of the temporary difference and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. A deferred income tax asset is recognized to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences and tax losses can be utilized. Deferred income tax is measured: (i) at the tax rates that are expected to apply when the related deferred income tax asset is realized or the deferred income tax liability is settled, based on tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date; and (ii) based on the tax consequence that will follow from the manner in which the Group expects, at the balance sheet date, to recover or settle the carrying amounts of its assets and liabilities. Current and deferred income taxes are recognized as income or expense in profit or loss, except to the extent that the tax arises from a business combination or a transaction which is recognized directly in equity. Deferred tax arising from a business combination is adjusted against goodwill on acquisition. The Group accounts for investment tax credits (for example, productivity and innovation credit) similar to accounting for other tax credits where a deferred tax asset is recognized for unused tax credits to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profit will be available against which the unused tax credits can be utilized. CYTOMED THERAPEUTICS LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023
FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS	FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS (a) Functional and presentation currency Items included in the financial statements of each entity in the Group are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (“functional currency”). The financial statements are presented in Singapore Dollars, which is the functional currency of the Company. (b) Transactions and balances Transactions in a currency other than the functional currency (“foreign currency”) are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates at the dates of the transactions. Currency exchange differences resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at the closing rates at the balance sheet date are recognized in profit or loss. Monetary items include primarily financial assets (other than equity investments) and financial liabilities. However, in the consolidated financial statements, currency translation differences arising from borrowings in foreign currencies and net investment in foreign operations, are recognized in other comprehensive loss and accumulated in the currency translation reserve. Foreign exchange gains and losses that relate to borrowings are presented in the profit or loss within “Finance expenses”. All other foreign exchange gains and losses impacting profit or loss are presented in the profit or loss within “Other (losses)/gains – net”. Non-monetary items measured at fair values in foreign currencies are translated using the exchange rates at the date when the fair values are determined. (c) Translation of Group entities’ financial statements The results and financial position of all the Group entities (none of which has the currency of a hyperinflationary economy) that have a functional currency different from the presentation currency are translated into the presentation currency as follows: (i) assets and liabilities are translated at the closing exchange rates at the reporting date; (ii) income and expenses are translated at average exchange rates (unless the average is not a reasonable approximation of the cumulative effect of the rates prevailing on the transaction dates, in which case income and expenses are translated using the exchange rates at the dates of the transactions); and CYTOMED THERAPEUTICS LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 (iii) all resulting currency translation differences are recognized in other comprehensive loss and accumulated in the currency translation reserve. These currency translation differences are reclassified to profit or loss on disposal or partial disposal with loss of control of the foreign operation. Goodwill and fair value adjustments arising on the acquisition of foreign operations are treated as assets and liabilities of the foreign operations and translated at the closing rates at the reporting date.
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS	CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
RELATED PARTIES	RELATED PARTIES A relate party is a person or entity that is related to the Group. (A) A person or a close member of that person’s family is related to the Group if that person: (i) has control or joint control over the Group; (ii) has significant influence over the Group; or (iii) is a member of the key management personnel of the Company or of a parent of the Company. (B) An entity is related to the Group if any of the following conditions applies: (i) The entity and the Company are members of the same group (which means that each parent, subsidiary and fellow subsidiary is related to the others); (ii) One entity is an associate or joint venture of the other entity (or an associate or joint venture of a member of a group of which the other entity is a member); (iii) Both entities are joint ventures of the same third party; (iv) One entity is a joint venture of a third entity and the other entity is an associate of the third entity; (v) The entity is a post-employment benefit plan for the benefit of employees of either the Group or an entity related to the Group. If the Group is itself such a plan, the sponsoring employers are also related to the Group; (vi) The entity is controlled or jointly controlled by a person identified in (A); (vii) A person identified in (A)(i) has significant influence over the entity or is a member of the key management personnel of the entity (or of a parent of the entity); or (viii) The entity, or any member of a group of which it is a part, provides key management personnel services to the Company or to a parent of the Company. CYTOMED THERAPEUTICS LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023
RESERVES	RESERVES (i) Translation reserves Translation reserves represent the foreign currency translation difference arising from the translation of the financial statements of companies within the Group from their functional currency to the Group’s presentation currency. (ii) Accumulated losses Accumulated losses comprise the cumulative net losses recognized in the Group’s consolidated statements of profit or loss.

GENERAL (Tables)

GENERAL (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
SCHEDULE OF MATERIAL SUBSIDIARIES	The principal activities of the subsidiaries SCHEDULE OF MATERIAL SUBSIDIARIES Name of entity Principal activities Country of Group’s effective equity 2022 2023 % % Advance Cancer Centre Pte Ltd Investment, research and development of medical technologies Singapore 100 100 CytoMed Therapeutics (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd Research, development and manufacturing of stem cells and innate immune cell-based immune-therapeutics, research and development of induced pluripotent stem cell-based immune-therapeutics Malaysia 100 100 Puricell Lab Pte Ltd Research and development of induced pluripotent stem cell-based biologics and medical technologies Singapore 95 95 IPSCBank Pte Ltd Stem cell and immune cell banking Singapore 100 100 Held by IPSCBank Pte Ltd IPSC Depository Sdn Bhd Stem cell and immune cell banking Malaysia 100 100

MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICY IN_3

MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICY INFORMATION (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Material Accounting Policy Information
DISCLOSURE OF PROPERTY PLANT AND EQUIPMENT ESTIMATED USEFUL LIFE EXPLANATORY	Freehold land is not depreciated. Depreciation on other items of property, plant and equipment is calculated using the straight-line method to allocate their depreciable amounts over their estimated useful lives as followed; DISCLOSURE OF PROPERTY PLANT AND EQUIPMENT ESTIMATED USEFUL LIFE EXPLANATORY Building - 16 60 Laboratory equipment - 5 Motor vehicle - 5 Furniture, fittings and equipment - 3 5 Renovation - 10

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS (Tabl

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
SCHEDULE OF CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS	For the purpose of the consolidated statements of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents comprise the following: SCHEDULE OF CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS 2022 2023 S$ S$ Cash at banks 1,514,460 1,971,872 Cash on hand 610 601 Short-term fixed deposits 64,648 7,022,594 Cash and cash equivalents 1,579,718 8,995,067 Less: Fixed deposits with maturities over 3 months - (2,770,880 ) Cash and cash equivalents on consolidated statements of cash flows 1,579,718 6,224,187

OTHER RECEIVABLES (Tables)

OTHER RECEIVABLES (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
SCHEDULE OF OTHER RECEIVABLES	SCHEDULE OF OTHER RECEIVABLES 2022 2023 S$ S$ Deposit paid for purchase of property - 43, 080 Prepayments 45,163 159,006 Prepaid initial public offering expenses 219,664 - Prepaid consumables 576,173 678,728 Sundry deposits 15,562 16,002 Sundry receivables 57,582 204,748 Total 914,144 1,101,564

INVESTMENT IN AN ASSOCIATE (Tab

INVESTMENT IN AN ASSOCIATE (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENT IN ASSOCIATE	The Group’s investment in the associate is summarized below: SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENT IN ASSOCIATE 2022 2023 S$ S$ Beginning of financial year 272,970 239,424 Share of post-acquisition losses (33,546 ) (31,198 ) Currency realignment - (13,153 ) End of financial year 239,424 195,073
SCHEDULE OF KEY ASSUMPTIONS INVESTMENT IN ASSOCIATE	Key assumptions used to determine the value in use of the investment in associate are as follows: SCHEDULE OF KEY ASSUMPTIONS INVESTMENT IN ASSOCIATE 2022 2023 % % Revenue growth rate 2.38 3.05 11.73 Discount rate 13.90 13.90 Name of entity Principal activities Country of business / incorporation Group’s effective 2022 2023 % % Landmark Medical Centre Sdn Bhd Operations of private specialist hospital Malaysia 20 20
SCHEDULE OF FINANCIAL INFORMATION INVESTMENT IN ASSOCIATE	The following table illustrates the summarized financial information of the Group’s material associate (and not the Group’s share of those amounts), adjusted for difference in accounting policies between the Group and the associate, if any. SCHEDULE OF FINANCIAL INFORMATION INVESTMENT IN ASSOCIATE 2022 2023 S$ S$ Current assets 665,236 494,882 Non-current assets and fair value of hospital license 776,520 743,608 Current liabilities (66,938 ) (95,631 ) Non-current liabilities (177,701 ) (167,495 ) Net assets of the associate 1,197,117 975,364 Revenue 784,495 636,150 Loss for the year (167,734 ) (155,989 )
SCHEDULE OF RECONCILIATION OF FINANCIAL INFORMATION IN INVESTMENT	Reconciliation of the summarized financial information presented to the carrying amount of the Group’s investment in the associate is as follows: SCHEDULE OF RECONCILIATION OF FINANCIAL INFORMATION IN INVESTMENT 2022 2023 S$ S$ Net assets with fair value of hospital license 1,197,117 975,364 Group’s equity interest 20 % 20 % Group share of net assets 239,424 195,073 Carrying value 239,424 195,073

PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT (

PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [abstract]
SCHEDULE OF PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT	SCHEDULE OF PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT Building Freehold land Laboratory equipment Motor vehicle Furniture, fittings and equipment Renovation Total S$ S$ S$ S$ S$ S$ S$ Cost: At January 1, 2022 1,132,764 419,510 945,324 53,042 273,952 408,867 3,233,459 Addition - - 362,491 - 30,968 80,336 473,795 Disposal and write off - - - - (2,603 ) - (2,603 ) Currency realignment (37,636 ) (24,624 ) (71,349 ) (3,113 ) (16,243 ) (23,999 ) (176,964 ) At December 31, 2022 1,095,128 394,886 1,236,466 49,929 286,074 465,204 3,527,687 Addition - - 32,642 - 11,350 14,303 58,295 Currency realignment (34,665 ) (22,680 ) (59,937 ) (2,868 ) (14,281 ) (22,104 ) (156,535 ) At December 31, 2023 1,060,463 372,206 1,209,171 47,061 283,143 457,403 3,429,447 Accumulated depreciation: At January 1, 2022 38,617 - 435,542 30,057 140,990 92,462 737,668 Addition 40,125 - 221,506 10,258 60,879 46,899 379,667 Disposal and write off - - - - (1,023 ) - (1,023 ) Currency realignment (2,104 ) - (42,755 ) (2,036 ) (10,217 ) (6,476 ) (63,588 ) At December 31, 2022 76,638 - 614,293 38,279 190,629 132,885 1,052,724 Addition 39,500 - 225,484 9,639 54,776 45,353 374,752 Currency realignment (2,489 ) - (38,409 ) (2,426 ) (11,374 ) (8,084 ) (62,782 ) At December 31, 2023 113,649 - 801,368 45,492 234,031 170,154 1,364,694 Carrying amount: At December 31, 2022 1,018,490 394,886 622,173 11,650 95,445 332,319 2,474,963 At December 31, 2023 946,814 372,206 407,803 1,569 49,112 287,249 2,064,753
SCHEDULE OF DEPRECIATION EXPENSE	Depreciation expense included in the consolidated statements of profit or loss and other comprehensive loss is analyzed as follows: SCHEDULE OF DEPRECIATION EXPENSE 2022 2023 S$ S$ Depreciation of property, plant and equipment (per above) 379,667 374,752 Less: Accounted under “Research expenses” (Note 18) (270,421 ) (272,886 ) Total 109,246 101,866

INTANGIBLE ASSETS (Tables)

INTANGIBLE ASSETS (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [abstract]
SCHEDULE OF INTANGIBLE ASSETS	SCHEDULE OF INTANGIBLE ASSETS 2022 2023 S$ S$ Goodwill 355 355 Intellectual properties licenses (Note (a)) 12,127 7,918 Computer software licenses (Note (b)) 6,327 4,140 Total 18,809 12,413
SCHEDULE OF DETAILED INFORMATION ABOUT INTANGIBLE ASSETS	SCHEDULE OF DETAILED INFORMATION ABOUT INTANGIBLE ASSETS (a) Intellectual properties licenses 2022 2023 S$ S$ Cost: At beginning and 62,060 62,060 Accumulated amortization: At beginning of financial year 39,233 49,933 Amortization charge 10,700 4,209 At end of financial year 49,933 54,142 Carrying value 12,127 7,918 CYTOMED THERAPEUTICS LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 (b) Computer software licenses 2022 2023 S$ S$ Cost: At beginning of financial year 11,855 11,794 Currency realignment (61 ) (57 ) At end of financial year 11,794 11,737 Accumulated amortization: At beginning of financial year 3,014 5,467 Amortization charge 2,500 2,187 Currency realignment (47 ) (57 ) At end of financial year 5,467 7,597 Carrying value 6,327 4,140
SCHEDULE OF AMORTIZATION EXPENSE	SCHEDULE OF AMORTIZATION EXPENSE Intellectual properties licenses 10,700 4,209 Computer software licenses 2,500 2,187 Total 13,200 6,396 Less: Accounted under “Research expenses” (Note 18) (10,700 ) (4,209 ) Amortization expense 2,500 2,187

TRADE AND OTHER PAYABLES (Table

TRADE AND OTHER PAYABLES (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Trade And Other Payables
SCHEDULE OF TRADE AND OTHER PAYABLES	SCHEDULE OF TRADE AND OTHER PAYABLES 2022 2023 S$ S$ Trade payable 14,628 24,618 Amount due to a director 1,265 - Other 158,995 50,428 Accrued operating 235,910 446,634 Deferred grant income 5,600 2,944 Total 416,398 524,624

CONTRACT LIABILITIES (Tables)

CONTRACT LIABILITIES (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Contract Liabilities
SCHEDULE OF CONTRACT LIABILITIES	SCHEDULE OF CONTRACT LIABILITIES 2022 2023 S$ S$ Contract liabilities 3,504 5,456

BORROWINGS (Tables)

BORROWINGS (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Disclosure Of Borrowings Abstract
SCHEDULE OF BORROWINGS	SCHEDULE OF BORROWINGS 2022 2023 S$ S$ Current Bank loan 34,779 33,926 Third party loan 300,000 - Total – current 334,779 33,926 Non-current Bank loan 468,827 407,772 Total 803,606 441,698
SCHEDULE OF BORROWING OF THE GROUP TO INTEREST RATE CHANGES AND CONTRACTUAL REPAYMENT DATES	The exposure of the borrowing of the Group to interest rate changes and the contractual repayment dates at the balance sheet date are as follows: SCHEDULE OF BORROWING OF THE GROUP TO INTEREST RATE CHANGES AND CONTRACTUAL REPAYMENT DATES 2022 2023 S$ S$ 6 months or less 17,286 16,824 6 – 12 months 17,493 17,102 1 – 5 years 155,600 152,318 Over 5 years 313,227 255,454 Total 503,606 441,698

CONVERTIBLE LOANS (Tables)

CONVERTIBLE LOANS (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
SCHEDULE OF CONVERTIBLE LOANS	SCHEDULE OF CONVERTIBLE LOANS 2022 2023 S$ S$ Convertible loans 3,401,237 -
SCHEDULE OF CONVERTIBLE LOANS ROLL-FORWARD	SCHEDULE OF CONVERTIBLE LOANS ROLL-FORWARD Loan 1 Loan 1 (Tranche 1 ) (Tranche 2 ) Loan 2 Total S$ S$ S$ S$ At January 1, 2022 1,311,070 653,371 346,316 2,310,757 Fair value adjustment 630,007 313,056 147,417 1,090,480 At December 31, 2022 1,941,077 966,427 493,733 3,401,237 Beginning balance 1,941,077 966,427 493,733 3,401,237 Fair value adjustment 61,661 30,830 6,263 98,754 Converted to ordinary shares during the year (2,002,738 ) (997,257 ) (499,996 ) (3,499,991 ) At December 31, 2023 - - - - Ending balance - - - -
SCHEDULE OF FAIR VALUE OF CONVERTIBLE LOANS	As at year end, key valuation assumptions used to determine the fair value of the convertible loans are as follows: SCHEDULE OF FAIR VALUE OF CONVERTIBLE LOANS As at December 31, 2022 % Risk-free interest rate 4.24 Discount rate for redemption scenario 15.74 18.70 Discount rate for conversion scenario 2.18 Conversion discount rate 50.00 As at December 31, 2023 % Risk-free interest rate - Discount rate for redemption scenario - Discount rate for conversion scenario - Conversion discount rate -
SCHEDULE OF FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT OF CONVERTIBLE LOANS	The Group measures the convertible loans at fair value through profit or loss. The fair value measurement of the convertible loans is categorized as Level 3 under the Fair Value Hierarchy with the following details: SCHEDULE OF FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT OF CONVERTIBLE LOANS Valuation technique input(s) Significant unobservable input(s) Inter-relationship between significant unobservable inputs and fair value measurements Debt component : Discount cash flow method Discount cash flow method An increase in discount rate would result in a decrease in the fair value measurement of the convertible loans and vice versa. Conversion option component: Discount rate per the synthetic rating corporate spread as shown in the above table. Number of Conversion Shares to be issued, Y = A/B * C If the discount rate increases by 5% while holding all other variables constant, the carrying fair value of the convertible loans would decrease by approximately S$10,000 A - Loan conversion amount / (1-discount) B - Conversion valuation C - total number of issued Shares as at the date of the Conversion Notice + Y

LEASE LIABILITIES (Tables)

LEASE LIABILITIES (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
SCHEDULE OF LEASE LIABILITIES	Set out below are the carrying amounts of lease liabilities and the movements during the years: SCHEDULE OF LEASE LIABILITIES 2022 2023 S$ S$ At beginning of year 23,131 14,419 Currency realignment (1,157 ) (653 ) Interest charged (Note 20) 896 499 Payment made (8,451 ) (7,941 ) At end of year 14,419 6,324
SCHEDULE OF CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITIONS	SCHEDULE OF CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITIONS Current 7,710 6,324 Non-current 6,709 - Total 14,419 6,324

WARRANT LIABILITIES AND WARRA_2

WARRANT LIABILITIES AND WARRANT RESERVE (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Warrant Liabilities And Warrant Reserve
SCHEDULE OF WARRANT LIABILITIES	SCHEDULE OF WARRANT LIABILITIES Number of warrants Amount Weighted 2022 Beginning of financial year - - - Fair value changes to profit or loss - - - Cashless exercise of warrants - - - Currency realignment - - - End of financial year - - - Number of warrants Amount Weighted 2023 Beginning of financial year - - - Fair value at inception date 120,618 112,214 4.00 Fair value changes to profit or loss - 111,631 - Cashless exercise of warrants classified under warrant reserve (48,247 ) (73,930 ) 5.11- 5.22 Currency realignment - (3,302 ) - End of financial year 72,371 146,613 -
SCHEDULE OF FAIR VALUE OF WARRANTS	The Representative’s Warrants are considered at Level 2 fair value hierarchy. The fair value of the warrants was determined by using Black-Scholes option pricing model using the key assumptions as follows: SCHEDULE OF FAIR VALUE OF WARRANTS - As at December 31, 2022 Expected volatility - Risk-free interest rate - Expected term (years) - Exercise price - Spot price - Fair value of warrant - E 7.3 % As at December 31, 2023 Expected volatility 6.77 % Risk-free interest rate 3.88 % Expected term (years) 5 Exercise price US$4.00 Spot price US$4.90 Fair value of warrant US$1.52
SCHEDULE OF WARRANT RESERVE	SCHEDULE OF WARRANT RESERVE 2022 2023 S$ S$ At beginning of year - - Cashless exercise of warrants - 73,930 At end of year - 73,930

SHARE CAPITAL AND SHARE APPLI_2

SHARE CAPITAL AND SHARE APPLICATION MONIES (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Disclosure of terms and conditions of share-based payment arrangement [abstract]
SCHEDULE OF SHARE CAPITAL APPLICATION	SCHEDULE OF SHARE CAPITAL APPLICATION 2022 2023 Number of shares: At beginning of financial year 7,479,745 8,444,460 Conversion from convertible loans - 672,499 Issuance of ordinary shares 964,715 2,412,369 At end of financial year 8,444,460 11,529,328 Paid-up capital (S$): At beginning of financial year 6,548,960 8,913,005 Conversion from convertible loans - 3,499,991 Issuance of ordinary shares 1,222,650 11,307,024 Transfer from share application monies 1,141,395 - Transfer to paid-up capital (1,141,395 ) - At end of financial year 8,913,005 23,720,020 Share application monies (S$): At beginning of financial year 1,141,395 - Transferred upon issuance of ordinary shares to share (1,141,395 ) - At end of financial year - -

OTHER OPERATING INCOME (Tables)

OTHER OPERATING INCOME (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
SCHEDULE OF OTHER OPERATING INCOME	SCHEDULE OF OTHER OPERATING INCOME 2021 2022 2023 S$ S$ S$ Government grants: Jobs Support Scheme 4,880 - - Wage Subsidy Program 7,385 3,099 - Enterprise Development Grant 10,400 8,640 - Jobs Growth Incentive 3,750 5,550 - Hiring Incentive and Training Programme 7,709 9,077 3,459 Startup SG Tech - Proof-of-concept grant - 84,091 - Others 3,080 2,880 4,112 Research income 113,841 363,912 507,736 Interest income 3,369 2,097 285,719 Others 196 6,028 2,878 Total 154,610 485,374 803,904

OTHER GAINS_(LOSSES) INCLUDIN_2

OTHER GAINS/(LOSSES) INCLUDING FAIR VALUE CHANGES ON FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS – NET (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Other Gainslosses Including Fair Value Changes On Financial Instruments Net
SCHEDULE OF OTHER (LOSSES)/GAINS - NET	SCHEDULE OF OTHER (LOSSES)/GAINS - NET 2021 2022 2023 S$ S$ S$ Fair value gain/(loss) on convertible loans (Note 12) 12,666 (1,090,480 ) (98,754 ) Foreign currency exchange loss - net (9,481 ) (26,422 ) (170,311 ) Gain on disposal of property, plant and equipment - 280 - Fair value on warrants liabilities at inception date (Note 14) - - (112,214 ) Fair value changes on warrant liabilities (Note 14) - - (111,631 ) Total 3,185 (1,116,622 ) (492,910 )

RESEARCH EXPENSES (Tables)

RESEARCH EXPENSES (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
SCHEDULE OF RESEARCH EXPENSES	SCHEDULE OF RESEARCH EXPENSES 2021 2022 2023 S$ S$ S$ Employee benefits expenses (Note 19) 400,250 500,038 642,533 Depreciation of property, plant and equipment (Note 7) 217,945 270,421 272,886 Amortization of intangible assets (Note 8) 10,700 10,700 4,209 Consumables expense 304,120 310,938 489,112 Royalty expenses 10,700 9,592 30,382 Professional fees 63,387 317,613 20,779 Electricity expenses 60,366 64,968 62,515 Others 23,155 38,495 67,277 Total 1,090,623 1,522,765 1,589,693

EMPLOYEE BENEFITS EXPENSES (Tab

EMPLOYEE BENEFITS EXPENSES (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
SCHEDULE OF EMPLOYEE BENEFITS EXPENSES	SCHEDULE OF EMPLOYEE BENEFITS EXPENSES 2021 2022 2023 S$ S$ S$ Wages and salaries 491,015 604,068 849,198 Director’s fee - - 89,830 Defined contribution plans 66,792 80,212 117,283 Other short-term benefits 11,245 26,415 40,365 Total 569,052 710,695 1,096,676 Less: Accounted under “Research expenses” (Note 18) (400,250 ) (500,038 ) (642,533 ) Total 168,802 210,657 454,143

FINANCE EXPENSES (Tables)

FINANCE EXPENSES (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
SCHEDULE OF FINANCE EXPENSES	SCHEDULE OF FINANCE EXPENSES 2021 2022 2023 S$ S$ S$ Interest expenses on: Bank loan 19,427 19,560 20,764 Third party loan 2,014 9,719 4,266 Convertible loans 94,966 95,000 25,753 Lease liabilities (Note 13) 1,289 896 499 Total 117,696 125,175 51,282

OTHER EXPENSES (Tables)

OTHER EXPENSES (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
SCHEDULE OF OTHER EXPENSES	SCHEDULE OF OTHER EXPENSES 2021 2022 2023 S$ S$ S$ Advertising 2,481 - 33,307 Annual listing fee - - 64,370 Company insurance - - 282,797 Entertainment 310 3,260 30,977 Investor relationship expenses - - 204,808 Legal fees - - 115,272 Low-value assets rental 1,997 2,201 1,703 Offering expenses 316,805 199,625 758,563 Professional fees 118,036 184,253 396,915 Property tax 4,081 7,045 6,661 Printing and stationery 5,747 6,176 11,941 IT expenses 9,482 13,051 18,255 Repair and maintenance 3,504 8,720 3,728 Reversal of grant - - 84,091 Service fees 11,660 11,268 13,209 Subscription fee 833 2,165 1,083 Transportation and travelling expenses 867 3,364 144,998 Tools and supplies 1,086 3,516 2,333 Utilities 15,766 21,201 23,941 Others 26,111 28,830 14,190 Total 518,766 494,675 2,213,142

INCOME TAX EXPENSE (Tables)

INCOME TAX EXPENSE (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
SCHEDULE OF CURRENT INCOME TAX EXPENSES	SCHEDULE OF CURRENT INCOME TAX EXPENSES 2021 2022 2023 S$ S$ S$ Current tax liability - 1,640 653
SCHEDULE OF INCOME TAX EXPENSES	The tax on the Group’s loss before tax differs from the theoretical amount that would arise using the Singapore standard rate of income tax as follows: SCHEDULE OF INCOME TAX EXPENSES 2021 2022 2023 S$ S$ S$ Loss before income tax (2,051,903 ) (3,129,812 ) (4,132,517 ) Tax calculated at tax rate of 17% (348,823 ) (532,068 ) (702,528 ) Effects of: - different tax rates in other countries 66,321 (41,874 ) (7,207 ) - deferred tax assets not recognized 214,613 327,624 462,910 - expenses not deductible for tax purposes 75,270 268,077 247,290 - income not subject to tax (7,381 ) (20,119 ) (465 ) - Under provision of prior year tax - - 653 Income tax expenses - 1,640 653
SCHEDULE OF UNUTILIZED TAX LOSSES	SCHEDULE OF UNUTILIZED TAX LOSSES 2021 2022 2023 S$ S$ S$ Unutilized tax losses At beginning of year 1,741,000 3,016,000 4,501,000 Addition 1,275,000 1,485,000 2,517,000 Over-provision in respect of prior years - - (233,000 ) At end of year 3,016,000 4,501,000 6,785,000 Unabsorbed capital allowance At beginning of year 789,000 776,000 1,218,000 (Utilization)/Addition (13,000 ) 442,000 206,000 Over-provision in respect of prior years - - (279,000 ) At end of year 776,000 1,218,000 1,145,000 Total 3,792,000 5,719,000 7,930,000 Unrecorded approximate 645,000 972,000 1,348,000

COMMITMENTS (Tables)

COMMITMENTS (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
SCHEDULE OF OPERATING LEASE COMMITMENTS	SCHEDULE OF OPERATING LEASE COMMITMENTS (a) Operating lease commitments 2021 2022 2023 S$ S$ S$ Low value leases 1,997 2,201 1,703
SCHEDULE OF CAPITAL COMMITMENTS	SCHEDULE OF CAPITAL COMMITMENTS (b) Capital commitments Capital expenditures contracted for at the balance sheet date but not recognized in the financial statements are as follows: 2021 2022 2023 S$ S$ S$ Purchase of a property in Malaysia - - 387,720 Loan to a third party * - - 1,000,000
SCHEDULE OF FUTURE MINIMUM PAYMENTS UNDER NON-CANCELLABLE	SCHEDULE OF FUTURE MINIMUM PAYMENTS UNDER NON-CANCELLABLE (c) Other commitments The Group entered into an exclusive, worldwide, non-sublicensable, non-transferable and revocable-for-cause license with an independent company for the NKG2DL-targeting CAR-gamma delta T cell and iPSC-gdNKT cell technology. As of December 31, 2023, the total future minimum payments under non-cancellable licencing 2021 2022 2023 S$ S$ S$ Within 1 year 4,458 4,867 5,885 After 1 year but within 5 years 42,800 47,080 47,960 Over 5 years 134,285 118,235 106,457 Total 181,543 170,182 160,302

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS, FINANC_2

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS, FINANCIAL RISKS AND CAPITAL RISKS MANAGEMENT (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Financial Instruments Financial Risks And Capital Risks Management
SCHEDULE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS	The following table sets out the financial instruments as at the end of the reporting period: SCHEDULE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS 2021 2022 2023 S$ S$ S$ Financial asset Financial assets at amortized cost: Other receivables 20,522 73,144 263,830 Cash and cash equivalents 2,512,768 1,579,718 8,995,067 Financial assets at amortized cost 2,533,290 1,652,862 9,258,897 Financial liabilities Financial liabilities at amortized cost: Trade and other payables 210,253 410,798 521,680 Lease liabilities 23,131 14,419 6,324 Borrowings other than convertible loans 924,810 803,606 441,698 Financial liabilities at amortized cost 1,158,194 1,228,823 969,702 Financial liabilities at FVTPL: Convertible loans 2,310,757 3,401,237 - Warrant liabilities - - 146,613 Financial liabilities at FVTPL 2,310,757 3,401,237 146,613
SCHEDULE OF CURRENCY EXPOSURE BASED ON THE INFORMATION	The Group’s currency exposure based on the information provided to key management is as follows: SCHEDULE OF CURRENCY EXPOSURE BASED ON THE INFORMATION SGD MYR USD GBP Total S$ S$ S$ S$ S$ December 31, 2023 Financial assets Cash and bank balances 432,663 186,204 8,376,200 - 8,995,067 Trade and other receivables 195,855 67,975 - - 263,830 Intra-group receivables - - - - - Financial assets 628,518 254,179 8,376,200 - 9,258,897 Financial liabilities Trade and other payables (382,904 ) (117,279 ) (24,388 ) - (524,571 ) Borrowings - (448,022 ) - - (448,022 ) Warrant liabilities - - (146,613 ) - (146,613 ) Intra-group payables - - - - - Financial liabilities (382,904 ) (565,301 ) (171,001 ) - (1,119,206 ) Net financial (liabilities)/assets 245,614 (311,122 ) 8,205,199 - 8,139,691 Add: Net financial assets/(liabilities) denominated respective entities’ functional currencies (245,614 ) 311,122 - - 65,508 Currency exposure of financial assets, net of those denominated in the Company’s functional currency - - 8,205,199 - 8,205,199 SGD MYR USD GBP Total S$ S$ S$ S$ S$ December 31, 2022 Financial assets Cash and bank balances 1,261,189 233,500 85,029 - 1,579,718 Trade and other receivables 38,141 35,003 - - 73,144 Intra-group receivables 1,069,340 20,583 - - 1,089,923 Financial assets 2,368,670 289,086 85,029 - 2,742,785 Financial liabilities Trade and other payables (186,652 ) (53,938 ) (23,998 ) (146,212 ) (410,800 ) Borrowings (3,701,237 ) (518,025 ) - - (4,219,262 ) Intra-group payables (1,069,340 ) (20,583 ) - - (1,089,923 ) Financial liabilities (4,957,229 ) (592,546 ) (23,998 ) (146,212 ) (5,719,985 ) Net financial (liabilities)/assets (2,588,559 ) (303,460 ) 61,031 (146,212 ) (2,977,200 ) Add: Net financial assets/(liabilities) denominated respective entities’ functional currencies 2,588,559 303,460 - - 2,892,019 Currency exposure of financial assets, net of those denominated in the Company’s functional currency - - 61,031 (146,212 ) (85,181 )
SCHEDULE OF NET FINANCIAL LIABILITY ASSET CURRENCY RISK	SCHEDULE OF NET FINANCIAL LIABILITY ASSET CURRENCY RISK Loss after tax Loss after tax Approximate increase/(decrease) 2023 2022 Loss after tax Loss after tax S$ S$ MYR against SGD - strengthened - - - weakened - - USD against SGD - strengthened 341,000 (2,600 ) - weakened (341,000 ) 2,600 GBP against SGD - strengthened - 6,000 - weakened - (6,000 ) Increase/(decrease) Loss after tax - (6,000 )
SCHEDULE OF REMAINING CONTRACTUAL MATURITIES	SCHEDULE OF REMAINING CONTRACTUAL MATURITIES Less than 1 year or on demand Between 1 and 2 years Between 2 Over 5 years Total S$ S$ S$ S$ S$ December 31, 2023 Trade and other payables 521,680 - - - 521,680 Lease liabilities 6,462 - - - 6,462 Borrowings (excluding lease liabilities) 53,261 53,261 159,782 288,495 554,799 December 31, 2022 Trade and other payables 410,798 - - - 410,798 Lease liabilities 8,227 6,856 - - 15,083 Borrowings (excluding lease liabilities) 2,190,724 56,506 169,518 362,580 2,779,328
SCHEDULE OF EACH CLASS OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS MEASURED AT FAIR VALUE	The following table shows an analysis of each class of financial instruments measured at fair value at the reporting date: SCHEDULE OF EACH CLASS OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS MEASURED AT FAIR VALUE (Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3) Total Fair value measurement at the reporting date using Quoted prices in active markets for identical instruments Significant observant Significant (Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3) Total S$ S$ S$ S$ 2023 Financial liabilities: Warrant liabilities - 146,613 - 146,613 2022 Financial liabilities: Convertible loans - - 3,401,237 3,401,237
SCHEDULE OF CAPITAL BASED ON DEBT-TO-EQUITY RATIO	Management monitors capital based on debt-to-equity ratio. The debt-to-equity ratio is calculated as total debt divided by total equity. SCHEDULE OF CAPITAL BASED ON DEBT-TO-EQUITY RATIO 2022 2023 S$ S$ Total borrowings (Notes 11-13) 4,219,262 448,022 Total equity 586,298 11,244,155 Debt-to-equity % 720 % 4 %

SEGMENT INFORMATION (Tables)

SEGMENT INFORMATION (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
SCHEDULE OF GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION IN NON-CURRENT ASSETS	Non-current assets (excluding investment in the associate) information based on the location of assets are as follows: SCHEDULE OF GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION IN NON-CURRENT ASSETS 2022 2023 S$ S$ Malaysia 1,751,773 1,408,589 Singapore 741,999 668,577 Total 2,493,772 2,077,166

RECONCILIATIONS OF LIABILITIE_2

RECONCILIATIONS OF LIABILITIES ARISING FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
SCHEDULE OF RECONCILIATIONS OF LIABILITIES ARISING FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES	SCHEDULE OF RECONCILIATIONS OF LIABILITIES ARISING FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES At beginning of year Proceeds from borrowings Payments Interest expenses Conversion of ordinary shares Fair value changes At end of year Cash Flows Non-cash changes At beginning of year Proceeds from borrowings Payments Interest expenses Conversion of ordinary shares Fair value changes At end of year S$ S$ S$ S$ S$ S$ 2023 Bank loan 503,606 - (82,672 ) # 20,764 - - 441,698 Warrant liabilities - - - - (73,930 ) 220,543 ^ 146,613 Third party loan 300,000 - (304,266 ) 4,266 - - - Convertible loans 3,401,237 - (25,753 ) 25,753 (3,499,991 ) 98,754 - Lease liabilities 14,419 - (8,594 ) * 499 - - 6,324 2022 Bank loan 574,810 - (90,764 ) 19,560 - - 503,606 Third party loan 350,000 300,000 (359,719 ) 9,719 - - 300,000 Convertible loans 2,310,757 - (95,000 ) 95,000 - 1,090,480 3,401,237 Lease liabilities 23,131 - (9,608 )* 896 - - 14,419 2021 Bank loan 626,262 - (70,879 ) 19,427 - - 574,810 Third party loan - 350,000 (2,014 ) 2,014 - - 350,000 Convertible loans 2,323,423 - (94,966 ) 94,966 - (12,666 ) 2,310,757 Lease liabilities 31,122 - (9,280 )* 1,289 - - 23,131 ^ Includes exchange realignment of S$ 3,302 of warrant liabilities for the year ended December 31, 2023. # Includes exchange realignment of S$ 28,924 of bank borrowings for the year ended December 31, 2023. * Includes exchange realignment of S$ 535 , S$ 1,157 and S$ 653 of lease liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively.

RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (Tab

RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
SCHEDULE OF RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS	SCHEDULE OF RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS 2021 2022 2023 S$ S$ S$ Transactions with related parties: Research income from associate 50,205 207,206 183,518 Purchase from associate 2,499 7,360 647 Service fee paid to directors 11,660 11,268 3,529 Amount due to a director 1,265 1,265 - Balances with related parties: Trade payables to associate 1,102 - - Trade receivable from associate - - 4,739
SCHEDULE OF REMUNERATION OF DIRECTORS AND KEY MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL	The remuneration of directors and key management personnel during the year were as follows: SCHEDULE OF REMUNERATION OF DIRECTORS AND KEY MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL 2021 2022 2023 S$ S$ S$ Wages and salaries 272,507 290,070 410,699 Defined contribution plans 37,285 39,122 46,762 Other short-term benefits 3,358 3,414 7,028 Total 313,150 332,606 464,489 Analyzed by: Directors of the Company - - 233,282 Other key management personnel 313,150 332,606 231,207 Total 313,150 332,606 464,489

SCHEDULE OF MATERIAL SUBSIDIARI

SCHEDULE OF MATERIAL SUBSIDIARIES (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Advance Cancer Centre Pte Ltd [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Name of entity	Advance Cancer Centre Pte Ltd	Advance Cancer Centre Pte Ltd
Principal activities	Investment, research and development of medical technologies	Investment, research and development of medical technologies
Country of business / incorporation	Singapore	Singapore
Ownership percentage	100%	100%
CytoMed Therapeutics (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Name of entity	CytoMed Therapeutics (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd	CytoMed Therapeutics (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd
Principal activities	Research, development and manufacturing of stem cells and innate immune cell-based immune-therapeutics, research and development of induced pluripotent stem cell-based immune-therapeutics	Research, development and manufacturing of stem cells and innate immune cell-based immune-therapeutics, research and development of induced pluripotent stem cell-based immune-therapeutics
Country of business / incorporation	Malaysia	Malaysia
Ownership percentage	100%	100%
Puricell Lab Pte Ltd [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Name of entity	Puricell Lab Pte Ltd	Puricell Lab Pte Ltd
Principal activities	Research and development of induced pluripotent stem cell-based biologics and medical technologies	Research and development of induced pluripotent stem cell-based biologics and medical technologies
Country of business / incorporation	Singapore	Singapore
Ownership percentage	95%	95%
IPSCBank Pte Ltd [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Name of entity	IPSCBank Pte Ltd	IPSCBank Pte Ltd
Principal activities	Stem cell and immune cell banking	Stem cell and immune cell banking
Country of business / incorporation	Singapore	Singapore
Ownership percentage	100%	100%
IPSC Depository Sdn Bhd [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Name of entity	IPSC Depository Sdn Bhd	IPSC Depository Sdn Bhd
Principal activities	Stem cell and immune cell banking	Stem cell and immune cell banking
Country of business / incorporation	Malaysia	Malaysia
Ownership percentage	100%	100%

DISCLOSURE OF PROPERTY PLANT AN

DISCLOSURE OF PROPERTY PLANT AND EQUIPMENT ESTIMATED USEFUL LIFE EXPLANATORY (Details) - Property, plant and equipment subject to operating leases [member]	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Buildings [member] | Bottom of range [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Estimated useful lives	16 years
Buildings [member] | Top of range [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Estimated useful lives	60 years
Laboratory equipment [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Estimated useful lives	5 years
Motor vehicle [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Estimated useful lives	5 years
Furniture and fittings equipment [member] | Bottom of range [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Estimated useful lives	3 years
Furniture and fittings equipment [member] | Top of range [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Estimated useful lives	5 years
Renovation [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Estimated useful lives	10 years

MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICY IN_4

MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICY INFORMATION (Details Narrative)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Voting rights percent	20%
Intellectual properties licenses [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Intangible assets useful life	5 years
Computer software licenses [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Intangible assets useful life	3 years
USD [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Convenience of foreign exchange rate	1
SGD [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Convenience of foreign exchange rate	1.3193

SCHEDULE OF CASH AND CASH EQUIV

SCHEDULE OF CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS (Details)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 SGD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 SGD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 SGD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 SGD ($)
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
Cash at banks		$ 1,971,872		$ 1,514,460
Cash on hand		601		610
Short-term fixed deposits		7,022,594		64,648
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 6,818,060	8,995,067		1,579,718
Less: Fixed deposits with maturities over 3 months		(2,770,880)
Cash and cash equivalents on consolidated statements of cash flows	$ 4,717,795	$ 6,224,187	$ 1,197,391	$ 1,579,718	$ 2,512,768	$ 885,272

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING JUDGEMENT_2

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING JUDGEMENTS AND KEY SOURCES OF ESTIMATION UNCERTAINTY (Details Narrative)	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
Convertible loan percent	75%
Redemption of loan percent	25%

SCHEDULE OF OTHER RECEIVABLES (

SCHEDULE OF OTHER RECEIVABLES (Details)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 SGD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 SGD ($)
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
Deposit paid for purchase of property		$ 43
Prepayments		159,006	45,163
Prepaid initial public offering expenses			219,664
Prepaid consumables		678,728	576,173
Sundry deposits		16,002	15,562
Sundry receivables		204,748	57,582
Total	$ 834,961	$ 1,101,564	$ 914,144

SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENT IN ASSOC

SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENT IN ASSOCIATE (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 SGD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 SGD ($)
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
Beginning of financial year		$ 239,424	$ 272,970
Share of post-acquisition losses		(31,198)	(33,546)
Currency realignment		(13,153)
End of financial year	$ 147,861	$ 195,073	$ 239,424

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS (Deta

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS (Details Narrative)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Bottom of range [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fixed deposit term	1 month	1 month
Effective interest rate percentage	2.20%	1.70%
Top of range [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fixed deposit term	12 months	6 months
Effective interest rate percentage	5.55%	2.30%

SCHEDULE OF KEY ASSUMPTIONS INV

SCHEDULE OF KEY ASSUMPTIONS INVESTMENT IN ASSOCIATE (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Revenue growth rate	11.73%
Discount rate	13.90%	13.90%
Name of entity	Landmark Medical Centre Sdn Bhd
Principal activities	Operations of private specialist hospital
Country of business / incorporation	Malaysia
Group's effective equity interest held rate	20%	20%
Bottom of range [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Revenue growth rate		2.38%
Top of range [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Revenue growth rate		3.05%

SCHEDULE OF FINANCIAL INFORMATI

SCHEDULE OF FINANCIAL INFORMATION INVESTMENT IN ASSOCIATE (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 SGD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 SGD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 SGD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 SGD ($)
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Current assets	$ 7,653,021		$ 2,493,862		$ 10,096,631
Current liabilities	(543,426)		(4,165,224)		(716,943)
Non-current liabilities	(309,082)		(475,536)		(407,772)
Net assets of the associate			(2,977,200)		8,139,691
Revenue
Profit (loss)	$ (3,132,851)	(4,133,170)	(3,131,452)	$ (2,051,903)
Associates [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Current assets			665,236		494,882
Non-current assets and fair value of hospital license			776,520		743,608
Current liabilities			(66,938)		(95,631)
Non-current liabilities			(177,701)		(167,495)
Net assets of the associate			1,197,117		$ 975,364
Revenue		636,150	784,495
Profit (loss)		$ (155,989)	$ (167,734)

SCHEDULE OF RECONCILIATION OF F

SCHEDULE OF RECONCILIATION OF FINANCIAL INFORMATION IN INVESTMENT (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 SGD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 SGD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 SGD ($)
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net assets with fair value of hospital license		$ (2,977,200)	$ 8,139,691
Group's equity interest	20%	20%
Carrying value	$ 147,861	$ 239,424	195,073	$ 272,970
Associates [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net assets with fair value of hospital license		$ 1,197,117	975,364
Group's equity interest	20%	20%
Group share of net assets		$ 239,424	195,073
Carrying value		$ 239,424	$ 195,073

INVESTMENT IN AN ASSOCIATE (Det

INVESTMENT IN AN ASSOCIATE (Details Narrative) - SGD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
Impairment loss	$ 0	$ 0

SCHEDULE OF PROPERTY, PLANT AND

SCHEDULE OF PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 SGD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 SGD ($)
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
At December 31, 2022		$ 2,474,963
At December 31, 2023	$ 1,565,037	2,064,753	$ 2,474,963
Buildings [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
At December 31, 2022		1,018,490
At December 31, 2023		946,814	1,018,490
Freehold land [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
At December 31, 2022		394,886
At December 31, 2023		372,206	394,886
Laboratory equipment [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
At December 31, 2022		622,173
At December 31, 2023		407,803	622,173
Motor vehicles [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
At December 31, 2022		11,650
At December 31, 2023		1,569	11,650
Fixtures and fittings [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
At December 31, 2022		95,445
At December 31, 2023		49,112	95,445
Renovation [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
At December 31, 2022		332,319
At December 31, 2023		287,249	332,319
Gross carrying amount [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
At December 31, 2022		3,527,687	3,233,459
Addition		58,295	473,795
Disposal and write off			(2,603)
Currency realignment		(156,535)	(176,964)
At December 31, 2023		3,429,447	3,527,687
Gross carrying amount [member] | Buildings [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
At December 31, 2022		1,095,128	1,132,764
Addition
Disposal and write off
Currency realignment		(34,665)	(37,636)
At December 31, 2023		1,060,463	1,095,128
Gross carrying amount [member] | Freehold land [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
At December 31, 2022		394,886	419,510
Addition
Disposal and write off
Currency realignment		(22,680)	(24,624)
At December 31, 2023		372,206	394,886
Gross carrying amount [member] | Laboratory equipment [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
At December 31, 2022		1,236,466	945,324
Addition		32,642	362,491
Disposal and write off
Currency realignment		(59,937)	(71,349)
At December 31, 2023		1,209,171	1,236,466
Gross carrying amount [member] | Motor vehicles [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
At December 31, 2022		49,929	53,042
Addition
Disposal and write off
Currency realignment		(2,868)	(3,113)
At December 31, 2023		47,061	49,929
Gross carrying amount [member] | Fixtures and fittings [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
At December 31, 2022		286,074	273,952
Addition		11,350	30,968
Disposal and write off			(2,603)
Currency realignment		(14,281)	(16,243)
At December 31, 2023		283,143	286,074
Gross carrying amount [member] | Renovation [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
At December 31, 2022		465,204	408,867
Addition		14,303	80,336
Disposal and write off
Currency realignment		(22,104)	(23,999)
At December 31, 2023		457,403	465,204
Accumulated Depreciation [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
At December 31, 2022		1,052,724	737,668
Addition		374,752	379,667
Disposal and write off			(1,023)
Currency realignment		(62,782)	(63,588)
At December 31, 2023		1,364,694	1,052,724
Accumulated Depreciation [member] | Buildings [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
At December 31, 2022		76,638	38,617
Addition		39,500	40,125
Disposal and write off
Currency realignment		(2,489)	(2,104)
At December 31, 2023		113,649	76,638
Accumulated Depreciation [member] | Freehold land [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
At December 31, 2022
Addition
Disposal and write off
Currency realignment
At December 31, 2023
Accumulated Depreciation [member] | Laboratory equipment [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
At December 31, 2022		614,293	435,542
Addition		225,484	221,506
Disposal and write off
Currency realignment		(38,409)	(42,755)
At December 31, 2023		801,368	614,293
Accumulated Depreciation [member] | Motor vehicles [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
At December 31, 2022		38,279	30,057
Addition		9,639	10,258
Disposal and write off
Currency realignment		(2,426)	(2,036)
At December 31, 2023		45,492	38,279
Accumulated Depreciation [member] | Fixtures and fittings [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
At December 31, 2022		190,629	140,990
Addition		54,776	60,879
Disposal and write off			(1,023)
Currency realignment		(11,374)	(10,217)
At December 31, 2023		234,031	190,629
Accumulated Depreciation [member] | Renovation [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
At December 31, 2022		132,885	92,462
Addition		45,353	46,899
Disposal and write off
Currency realignment		(8,084)	(6,476)
At December 31, 2023		$ 170,154	$ 132,885

SCHEDULE OF DEPRECIATION EXPENS

SCHEDULE OF DEPRECIATION EXPENSE (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 SGD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 SGD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 SGD ($)
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [abstract]
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment (per above)		$ 374,752	$ 379,667
“Research expenses” (Note 18)		(272,886)	(270,421)	$ (217,945)
Total	$ 77,212	$ 101,866	$ 109,246	$ 98,721

PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT_2

PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT (Details Narrative) - SGD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Freehold land [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Bank borrowings, undiscounted cash flows	$ 894,487	$ 959,051

SCHEDULE OF INTANGIBLE ASSETS (

SCHEDULE OF INTANGIBLE ASSETS (Details) - SGD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [abstract]
Goodwill	$ 355	$ 355
Intellectual properties licenses (Note (a))	7,918	12,127
Computer software licenses (Note (b))	4,140	6,327
Total	$ 12,413	$ 18,809

SCHEDULE OF DETAILED INFORMATIO

SCHEDULE OF DETAILED INFORMATION ABOUT INTANGIBLE ASSETS (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 SGD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 SGD ($)
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
At end of financial year	$ 9,409	$ 12,413	$ 18,809
At beginning of financial year		18,809
Amortization charge		6,396	13,200
Intellectual properties licenses [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
At end of financial year		7,918	12,127
At beginning of financial year		12,127
Amortization charge		4,209	10,700
Computer software [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
At end of financial year		4,140	6,327
At beginning of financial year		6,327
Amortization charge		2,187	2,500
Gross carrying amount [member] | Intellectual properties licenses [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
At end of financial year		62,060	62,060
At beginning of financial year		62,060
Gross carrying amount [member] | Computer software [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
At end of financial year		11,737	11,794
At beginning of financial year		11,794	11,855
Currency realignment		(57)	(61)
Accumulated Depreciation [member] | Intellectual properties licenses [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
At end of financial year		54,142	49,933
At beginning of financial year		49,933	39,233
Amortization charge		4,209	10,700
Accumulated Depreciation [member] | Computer software [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
At end of financial year		7,597	5,467
At beginning of financial year		5,467	3,014
Amortization charge		2,187	2,500
Currency realignment		$ (57)	$ (47)

SCHEDULE OF AMORTIZATION EXPENS

SCHEDULE OF AMORTIZATION EXPENSE (Details) - SGD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Total	$ 6,396	$ 13,200
“Research expenses” (Note 18)	(4,209)	(10,700)
Amortization expense	2,187	2,500
Intellectual properties licenses [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Total	4,209	10,700
Computer software [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Total	$ 2,187	$ 2,500

SCHEDULE OF TRADE AND OTHER PAY

SCHEDULE OF TRADE AND OTHER PAYABLES (Details) - SGD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Trade And Other Payables
Trade payable	$ 24,618	$ 14,628
Amount due to a director		1,265
Other payables	50,428	158,995
Accrued operating expenses	446,634	235,910
Deferred grant income	2,944	5,600
Total	$ 524,624	$ 416,398

SCHEDULE OF CONTRACT LIABILITIE

SCHEDULE OF CONTRACT LIABILITIES (Details) - SGD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Contract Liabilities
Contract liabilities	$ 5,456	$ 3,504

CONTRACT LIABILITIES (Details N

CONTRACT LIABILITIES (Details Narrative) - SGD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Contract Liabilities
Changes in contract liabilities	$ 1,952	$ 3,504

SCHEDULE OF BORROWINGS (Details

SCHEDULE OF BORROWINGS (Details)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 SGD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 SGD ($)
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Total – current	$ 25,715	$ 33,926	$ 334,779
Bank loan	$ 309,082	407,772	468,827
Total		441,698	803,606
Bank Loan [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Total – current		33,926	34,779
Third party loan [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Total – current			$ 300,000

SCHEDULE OF BORROWING OF THE GR

SCHEDULE OF BORROWING OF THE GROUP TO INTEREST RATE CHANGES AND CONTRACTUAL REPAYMENT DATES (Details) - SGD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Total	$ 441,698	$ 503,606
Later than one month and not later than six months [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Total	16,824	17,286
Later than six month and not later than twelve months [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Total	17,102	17,493
Later than one year and not later than five years [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Total	152,318	155,600
Later than five years and not later than ten years [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Total	$ 255,454	$ 313,227

BORROWINGS (Details Narrative)

BORROWINGS (Details Narrative)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 SGD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 MYR (RM)	Dec. 31, 2022 SGD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 SGD ($)	Dec. 07, 2020 SGD ($)	Dec. 10, 2019 SGD ($)
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Principal amount				$ 3,401,237	$ 2,310,757	$ 250,000	$ 1,500,000
Fixed interest rate	4.73%	4.73%	4.73%			5%	5.50%
Principal amount	$ 25,715	$ 33,926		334,779
Bank Loan [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Principal amount		$ 574,400	RM 2,000,000
Fixed interest rate	4.40%	4.40%	4.40%
Installments		$ 4,438	RM 15,454
Principal amount		33,926		34,779
Third party loan [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Principal amount				$ 300,000
Third party loan [member] | Bottom of range [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fixed interest rate				5%
Third party loan [member] | Top of range [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fixed interest rate				5.50%

SCHEDULE OF CONVERTIBLE LOANS (

SCHEDULE OF CONVERTIBLE LOANS (Details)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 SGD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 SGD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 SGD ($)	Dec. 07, 2020 SGD ($)	Dec. 10, 2019 SGD ($)
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
Convertible loans			$ 3,401,237	$ 2,310,757	$ 250,000	$ 1,500,000

SCHEDULE OF CONVERTIBLE LOANS R

SCHEDULE OF CONVERTIBLE LOANS ROLL-FORWARD (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 SGD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 SGD ($)
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Beginning balance		$ 3,401,237	$ 2,310,757
Fair value adjustment		98,754	1,090,480
Converted to ordinary shares during the year		(3,499,991)
Ending balance			3,401,237
Loan 1 [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Beginning balance		2,907,504
Fair value adjustment		92,491	943,063
Ending balance		2,999,995	2,907,504
Loan 2 [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Beginning balance		493,733	346,316
Fair value adjustment		6,263	147,417
Converted to ordinary shares during the year		(499,996)
Ending balance			493,733
Tranche 1 [member] | Loan 1 [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Beginning balance		1,941,077	1,311,070
Fair value adjustment		61,661	630,007
Converted to ordinary shares during the year		(2,002,738)
Ending balance			1,941,077
Tranche 2 [member] | Loan 1 [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Beginning balance		966,427	653,371
Fair value adjustment		30,830	313,056
Converted to ordinary shares during the year		(997,257)
Ending balance			$ 966,427

SCHEDULE OF FAIR VALUE OF CONVE

SCHEDULE OF FAIR VALUE OF CONVERTIBLE LOANS (Details)	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Discount rate measurement input redemption [member] | Bottom of range [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Key valuation assumptions rate		15.74
Discount rate measurement input redemption [member] | Top of range [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Key valuation assumptions rate		18.70
Interest rate, measurement input [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Key valuation assumptions rate		4.24
Discount rate measurement input conversion [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Key valuation assumptions rate		2.18
Discount rate, measurement input [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Key valuation assumptions rate		50

SCHEDULE OF FAIR VALUE MEASUREM

SCHEDULE OF FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT OF CONVERTIBLE LOANS (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Debt Component [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Significant unobservable input	Discount cash flow method
Inter-relationship between significant unobservable inputs and fair value measurements	An increase in discount rate would result in a decrease in the fair value measurement of the convertible loans and vice versa.
Conversion Option [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Significant unobservable input	Discount rate per the synthetic rating corporate spread as shown in the above table.
Inter-relationship between significant unobservable inputs and fair value measurements	If the discount rate increases by 5% while holding all other variables constant, the carrying fair value of the convertible loans would decrease by approximately

SCHEDULE OF LEASE LIABILITIES (

SCHEDULE OF LEASE LIABILITIES (Details) - SGD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
At beginning of year	$ 14,419	$ 23,131
Currency realignment	(653)	(1,157)
Interest charged (Note 20)	499	896
Payment made	(7,941)	(8,451)
At end of year	$ 6,324	$ 14,419

SCHEDULE OF CONSOLIDATED STATEM

SCHEDULE OF CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITIONS (Details)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 SGD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 SGD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 SGD ($)
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
Current	$ 4,793	$ 6,324	$ 7,710
Non-current			6,709
Total		$ 6,324	$ 14,419	$ 23,131

CONVERTIBLE LOANS (Details Narr

CONVERTIBLE LOANS (Details Narrative)			12 Months Ended
	Dec. 07, 2020 SGD ($)	Dec. 10, 2019 SGD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 SGD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 SGD ($) shares	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 SGD ($)	Apr. 21, 2023 shares	Apr. 18, 2023 shares	Jan. 26, 2023 shares	Apr. 18, 2022 shares	Dec. 31, 2021 SGD ($)
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Loans received	$ 250,000	$ 1,500,000		$ 3,401,237							$ 2,310,757
Borrowings, maturity	two years from the date of disbursement on September 18, 2019 was extended from September 17, 2021 to the conversion date on January 18, 2023.	two years from the first disbursement date on January 6, 2020 was extended further to January 5, 2024.
Borrowings, interest rate	5%	5.50%			4.73%	4.73%
Fair value loss			$ 98,754	$ 1,090,480
Shares issued | shares				486,485				2,412,369		478,230
Loans received			(3,499,991)
Converitable Loan [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Shares issued | shares							589,509		82,990
Loan 1 [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Loans received				$ 2,907,504		$ 2,999,995
Fair value loss			92,491	943,063
Loan 2 [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Loans received				493,733							$ 346,316
Fair value loss			6,263	$ 147,417
Loans received			$ (499,996)

LEASE LIABILITIES (Details Narr

LEASE LIABILITIES (Details Narrative) - SGD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 07, 2020	Dec. 10, 2019
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
Depreciation lease liability	4.73%		5%	5.50%
Cash flow for leases	$ 9,644	$ 10,652

SCHEDULE OF WARRANT LIABILITIES

SCHEDULE OF WARRANT LIABILITIES (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) shares	Dec. 31, 2023 SGD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2022 SGD ($) $ / shares shares
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Beginning of financial year, Number of Warrants | shares
Beginning of financial year, Amount | $
Beginning of financial year, Weighted Average Exercise Price | $ / shares
Fair value changes to profit or loss, Number of Warrants | shares
Fair value changes to profit or loss, Amount | $		$ 111,631
Fair value changes to profit or loss, Weighted Average Exercise Price | $ / shares
Cashless exercise of warrants,Number of Warrants | shares	(48,247)	(48,247)
Cashless exercise of warrants classified under warrant reserve, Amount | $		$ (73,930)
Currency realignment, Number of Warrants | shares
Currency realignment, Amount | $		$ (3,302)
End of financial year, Number of Warrants | shares	72,371	72,371
Ending of financial year, Amount	$ 111,129	$ 146,613
End of financial year, Weighted Average Exercise Price | $ / shares
Fair value at inception date, Number of Warrants | shares	120,618	120,618
Fair value at inception date, Amount | $		$ 112,214
Fair value at inception date, Weighted Average Exercise Price | $ / shares		$ 4
Bottom of range [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value changes to profit or loss, Weighted Average Exercise Price | $ / shares		5.11
Top of range [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value changes to profit or loss, Weighted Average Exercise Price | $ / shares		$ 5.22

SCHEDULE OF FAIR VALUE OF WARRA

SCHEDULE OF FAIR VALUE OF WARRANTS (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2022 $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2022 $ / shares
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Expected term (years)
Level 2 of fair value hierarchy [member] | Warrants [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Expected volatility	6.77%
Risk-free interest rate	3.88%
Expected term (years)	5 years
Exercise price | (per share)	$ 4
Spot price	4.90
Fair value of warrant	$ 1.52

SCHEDULE OF WARRANT RESERVE (De

SCHEDULE OF WARRANT RESERVE (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 SGD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 SGD ($)
Warrant Liabilities And Warrant Reserve
At beginning of year
Cashless exercise of warrants		73,930
At end of year	$ 56,037	$ 73,930

WARRANT LIABILITIES AND WARRA_3

WARRANT LIABILITIES AND WARRANT RESERVE (Details Narrative)		12 Months Ended
	Apr. 13, 2023 $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) shares	Dec. 31, 2022 SGD ($) shares	Dec. 31, 2023 SGD ($)	Apr. 30, 2023 shares	Apr. 18, 2023 $ / shares shares	Apr. 18, 2022 shares	Dec. 31, 2021 SGD ($)
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Number of shares issued			486,485			2,412,369	478,230
Par value per share | $ / shares						$ 4
Warrant reserve amount		$ 56,037		$ 73,930
Warrants [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Number of shares issued					120,618
Warrant reserve [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Warrant reserve amount | $				$ 73,930
Warrants exercised		48,247
Ordinary shares [member] | Underwriting agreements [member] | Warrants [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Number of shares issued	120,618
Shares offering percent	5%
Exercise price | $ / shares	$ 4
Expire period	5 years
Ordinary shares [member] | Initial public offering [member] | Underwriting agreements [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Number of shares issued	2,412,369
No par value per share | $ / shares
Par value per share | $ / shares	$ 4

SCHEDULE OF SHARE CAPITAL APPLI

SCHEDULE OF SHARE CAPITAL APPLICATION (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) shares	Dec. 31, 2023 SGD ($) shares	Dec. 31, 2022 SGD ($) shares
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
At beginning of financial year | shares	8,444,460	8,444,460	7,479,745
Conversion from convertible loans		$ 672,499
Issuance of ordinary shares | shares	2,412,369	2,412,369	964,715
At end of financial year | shares	11,529,328	11,529,328	8,444,460
Beginning balance, value		$ 586,298	$ 2,591,604
Ending balance, value	$ 8,522,820	11,244,155	586,298
Additional paid-in capital [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Beginning balance, value		8,913,005	6,548,960
Conversion from convertible loans		3,499,991
Issuance of ordinary shares		11,307,024	1,222,650
Transfer from share application monies			1,141,395
Ending balance, value		23,720,020	8,913,005
Share application monies [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Beginning balance, value			1,141,395
Transfer to paid-up capital			(1,141,395)
Ending balance, value
Transferred upon issuance of ordinary shares to share capital			$ (1,141,395)

SHARE CAPITAL AND SHARE APPLI_3

SHARE CAPITAL AND SHARE APPLICATION MONIES (Details Narrative)						12 Months Ended
	Apr. 21, 2023 SGD ($) shares	Apr. 18, 2023 USD ($) $ / shares	Apr. 18, 2023 SGD ($)	Jan. 26, 2023 SGD ($) shares	Jan. 17, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022 SGD ($) shares	Apr. 18, 2023 SGD ($) shares	Apr. 18, 2022 SGD ($) shares
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Shares issued | shares						486,485	2,412,369	478,230
Received amount from shareholders								$ 1,141,395
Total consideration						$ 1,222,650
Reverse stock split					1-for-380.83
Shares issued | $ / shares		$ 4
Gross proceeds		$ 9,806,729	$ 12,938,017
Offering cost							$ 1,630,993
Convertible Loan [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Shares issued | shares	589,509			82,990
Debt instruments held				$ 250,000
Increase (decrease) through conversion of convertible instruments, equity	$ 2,999,995			$ 499,996
Related Party Loan [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Debt instruments held	$ 1,500,000
Share application monies [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Shares issued | shares						478,230
Total consideration						$ 1,141,395

SCHEDULE OF OTHER OPERATING INC

SCHEDULE OF OTHER OPERATING INCOME (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 SGD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 SGD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 SGD ($)
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Research income		$ 507,736	$ 363,912	$ 113,841
Interest income	$ 216,569	285,719	2,097	3,369
Others		2,878	6,028	196
Total	$ 609,341	803,904	485,374	154,610
Jobs Support Scheme [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Others				4,880
Wage Subsidy Program [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Others			3,099	7,385
Enterprise Development Grant [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Others			8,640	10,400
Jobs Growth Incentive [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Others			5,550	3,750
Hiring Incentive And Training Programme [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Others		3,459	9,077	7,709
Startup SG Tech Proof of concept grant [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Others			84,091
Others [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Others		$ 4,112	$ 2,880	$ 3,080

SCHEDULE OF OTHER (LOSSES)_GAIN

SCHEDULE OF OTHER (LOSSES)/GAINS - NET (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 SGD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 SGD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 SGD ($)
Other Gainslosses Including Fair Value Changes On Financial Instruments Net
Fair value gain/(loss) on convertible loans (Note 12)		$ (98,754)	$ (1,090,480)	$ 12,666
Foreign currency exchange loss - net		(170,311)	(26,422)	(9,481)
Gain on disposal of property, plant and equipment			280
Fair value on warrants liabilities at inception date (Note 14)		(112,214)
Fair value changes on warrant liabilities (Note 14)		(111,631)
Total	$ (373,615)	$ (492,910)	$ (1,116,622)	$ 3,185

SCHEDULE OF RESEARCH EXPENSES (

SCHEDULE OF RESEARCH EXPENSES (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 SGD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 SGD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 SGD ($)
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
Employee benefits expenses (Note 19)		$ 642,533	$ 500,038	$ 400,250
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment (Note 7)		272,886	270,421	217,945
Amortization of intangible assets (Note 8)		4,209	10,700	10,700
Consumables expense		489,112	310,938	304,120
Royalty expenses		30,382	9,592	10,700
Professional fees		20,779	317,613	63,387
Electricity expenses		62,515	64,968	60,366
Others		67,277	38,495	23,155
Total	$ 1,204,952	$ 1,589,693	$ 1,522,765	$ 1,090,623

SCHEDULE OF EMPLOYEE BENEFITS E

SCHEDULE OF EMPLOYEE BENEFITS EXPENSES (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 SGD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 SGD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 SGD ($)
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
Wages and salaries		$ 849,198	$ 604,068	$ 491,015
Director’s fee		89,830
Defined contribution plans		117,283	80,212	66,792
Other short-term benefits		40,365	26,415	11,245
Total		1,096,676	710,695	569,052
“Research expenses” (Note 18)		(642,533)	(500,038)	(400,250)
Total	$ 344,230	$ 454,143	$ 210,657	$ 168,802

SCHEDULE OF FINANCE EXPENSES (D

SCHEDULE OF FINANCE EXPENSES (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 SGD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 SGD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 SGD ($)
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
Bank loan		$ 20,764	$ 19,560	$ 19,427
Third party loan		4,266	9,719	2,014
Convertible loans		25,753	95,000	94,966
Lease liabilities (Note 13)		499	896	1,289
Total	$ 38,871	$ 51,282	$ 125,175	$ 117,696

SCHEDULE OF OTHER EXPENSES (Det

SCHEDULE OF OTHER EXPENSES (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 SGD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 SGD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 SGD ($)
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
Advertising		$ 33,307		$ 2,481
Annual listing fee		64,370
Company insurance		282,797
Entertainment		30,977	3,260	310
Investor relationship expenses		204,808
Legal fees		115,272
Low-value assets rental		1,703	2,201	1,997
Offering expenses		758,563	199,625	316,805
Professional fees		396,915	184,253	118,036
Property tax		6,661	7,045	4,081
Printing and stationery		11,941	6,176	5,747
IT expenses		18,255	13,051	9,482
Repair and maintenance		3,728	8,720	3,504
Reversal of grant		84,091
Service fees		13,209	11,268	11,660
Subscription fee		1,083	2,165	833
Transportation and travelling expenses		144,998	3,364	867
Tools and supplies		2,333	3,516	1,086
Utilities		23,941	21,201	15,766
Others		14,190	28,830	26,111
Total	$ 1,677,512	$ 2,213,142	$ 494,675	$ 518,766

SCHEDULE OF CURRENT INCOME TAX

SCHEDULE OF CURRENT INCOME TAX EXPENSES (Details) - SGD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
Current tax liability	$ 653	$ 1,640

SCHEDULE OF INCOME TAX EXPENSES

SCHEDULE OF INCOME TAX EXPENSES (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 SGD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 SGD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 SGD ($)
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
Loss before income tax	$ (3,132,356)	$ (4,132,517)	$ (3,129,812)	$ (2,051,903)
Tax calculated at tax rate of 17%		(702,528)	(532,068)	(348,823)
- different tax rates in other countries		(7,207)	(41,874)	66,321
- deferred tax assets not recognized		462,910	327,624	214,613
- expenses not deductible for tax purposes		247,290	268,077	75,270
- income not subject to tax		(465)	(20,119)	(7,381)
- Under provision of prior year tax		653
Income tax expenses	$ 495	$ 653	$ 1,640

SCHEDULE OF UNUTILIZED TAX LOSS

SCHEDULE OF UNUTILIZED TAX LOSSES (Details) - SGD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
At beginning of year	$ 4,501,000	$ 3,016,000	$ 1,741,000
Addition	2,517,000	1,485,000	1,275,000
Over-provision in respect of prior years	(233,000)
At end of year	6,785,000	4,501,000	3,016,000
At beginning of year	1,218,000	776,000	789,000
(Utilization)/Addition	206,000	442,000	(13,000)
Over-provision in respect of prior years	(279,000)
At end of year	1,145,000	1,218,000	776,000
Total	7,930,000	5,719,000	3,792,000
Unrecorded approximate deferred tax benefits @ 17%	$ 1,348,000	$ 972,000	$ 645,000

SCHEDULE OF OPERATING LEASE COM

SCHEDULE OF OPERATING LEASE COMMITMENTS (Details) - SGD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
Low value leases	$ 1,703	$ 2,201	$ 1,997

SCHEDULE OF CAPITAL COMMITMENTS

SCHEDULE OF CAPITAL COMMITMENTS (Details) - SGD ($)		12 Months Ended
		Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
Purchase of a property in Malaysia		$ 387,720
Loan to a third party	[1]	$ 1,000,000
[1]The Group embarked on its strategy in People’s Republic of China via a collaborative effort on using the CTM-GDT for cancer immunotherapy. As such, the Group committed this loan to a third party for the purpose of conducting an investigator initiated clinical trial through local partners in Chongqing, one of the most populous regions in People’s Republic of China.

SCHEDULE OF FUTURE MINIMUM PAYM

SCHEDULE OF FUTURE MINIMUM PAYMENTS UNDER NON-CANCELLABLE (Details) - SGD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Total	$ 6,324	$ 14,419	$ 23,131
Not later than one year [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Total	6,462	8,227
Later than five years [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Total
Licencing agreement [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Total	160,302	170,182	181,543
Licencing agreement [member] | Not later than one year [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Total	5,885	4,867	4,458
Licencing agreement [member] | Later than one year and not later than five years [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Total	47,960	47,080	42,800
Licencing agreement [member] | Later than five years [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Total	$ 106,457	$ 118,235	$ 134,285

INCOME TAX EXPENSE (Details Nar

INCOME TAX EXPENSE (Details Narrative) - SGD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
Unused tax losses	$ 6,785,000	$ 4,501,000	$ 3,016,000
Unabsorbed capital allowance	1,145,000	1,218,000	776,000
Tax losses with no expiry	$ 2,439,000	$ 2,139,000	$ 1,624,000

SCHEDULE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMEN

SCHEDULE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (Details)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 SGD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 SGD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 SGD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 SGD ($)
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 4,717,795	$ 6,224,187	$ 1,197,391	$ 1,579,718	$ 2,512,768	$ 885,272
Financial assets at amortized cost		9,258,897		1,652,862	2,533,290
Trade and other payables		524,624		416,398
Lease liabilities		6,324		14,419	23,131
Warrant liabilities	$ 111,129	146,613
Financial liabilities at FVTPL		146,613		3,401,237	2,310,757
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss, category [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Financial liabilities at amortized cost		969,702		1,228,823	1,158,194
Convertible loans				3,401,237	2,310,757
Financial liabilities at amortised cost, class [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Trade and other payables		521,680		410,798	210,253
Lease liabilities		6,324		14,419	23,131
Borrowings other than convertible loans		441,698		803,606	924,810
Financial assets at amortised cost, class [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Other receivables		263,830		73,144	20,522
Cash and cash equivalents		$ 8,995,067		$ 1,579,718	$ 2,512,768

SCHEDULE OF CURRENCY EXPOSURE B

SCHEDULE OF CURRENCY EXPOSURE BASED ON THE INFORMATION (Details)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 SGD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 SGD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 SGD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 SGD ($)
DisclosureOfFinancialAssetsAndLiabilitiesLineItems [Line Items]
Cash and bank balances	$ 4,717,795	$ 6,224,187	$ 1,197,391	$ 1,579,718	$ 2,512,768	$ 885,272
Financial assets		9,258,897		2,742,785
Trade and other payables		(524,624)		(416,398)
Borrowings		(441,698)		(803,606)
Warrant liabilities		(146,613)
Financial liabilities		(1,119,206)		(5,719,985)
Net financial (liabilities)/assets		8,139,691		(2,977,200)
Add: Net financial assets/(liabilities) denominated respective entities’ functional currencies		65,508		2,892,019
Currency exposure of financial assets, net of those denominated in the Company’s functional currency		8,205,199		(85,181)
Financials Liabilities [Member]
DisclosureOfFinancialAssetsAndLiabilitiesLineItems [Line Items]
Trade and other payables		(524,571)		(410,800)
Borrowings		(448,022)		(4,219,262)
Warrant liabilities		(146,613)
Intra-group payables				(1,089,923)
Financial Asset [Member]
DisclosureOfFinancialAssetsAndLiabilitiesLineItems [Line Items]
Cash and bank balances		8,995,067		1,579,718
Trade and other receivables		263,830		73,144
Intra-group receivables				1,089,923
SGD [member]
DisclosureOfFinancialAssetsAndLiabilitiesLineItems [Line Items]
Financial assets		628,518		2,368,670
Financial liabilities		(382,904)		(4,957,229)
Net financial (liabilities)/assets		245,614		(2,588,559)
Add: Net financial assets/(liabilities) denominated respective entities’ functional currencies		(245,614)		2,588,559
Currency exposure of financial assets, net of those denominated in the Company’s functional currency
SGD [member] | Financials Liabilities [Member]
DisclosureOfFinancialAssetsAndLiabilitiesLineItems [Line Items]
Trade and other payables		(382,904)		(186,652)
Borrowings				(3,701,237)
Warrant liabilities
Intra-group payables				(1,069,340)
SGD [member] | Financial Asset [Member]
DisclosureOfFinancialAssetsAndLiabilitiesLineItems [Line Items]
Cash and bank balances		432,663		1,261,189
Trade and other receivables		195,855		38,141
Intra-group receivables				1,069,340
MYR [member]
DisclosureOfFinancialAssetsAndLiabilitiesLineItems [Line Items]
Financial assets		254,179		289,086
Financial liabilities		(565,301)		(592,546)
Net financial (liabilities)/assets		(311,122)		(303,460)
Add: Net financial assets/(liabilities) denominated respective entities’ functional currencies		311,122		303,460
Currency exposure of financial assets, net of those denominated in the Company’s functional currency
MYR [member] | Financials Liabilities [Member]
DisclosureOfFinancialAssetsAndLiabilitiesLineItems [Line Items]
Trade and other payables		(117,279)		(53,938)
Borrowings		(448,022)		(518,025)
Warrant liabilities
Intra-group payables				(20,583)
MYR [member] | Financial Asset [Member]
DisclosureOfFinancialAssetsAndLiabilitiesLineItems [Line Items]
Cash and bank balances		186,204		233,500
Trade and other receivables		67,975		35,003
Intra-group receivables				20,583
USD [member]
DisclosureOfFinancialAssetsAndLiabilitiesLineItems [Line Items]
Financial assets		8,376,200		85,029
Financial liabilities		(171,001)		(23,998)
Net financial (liabilities)/assets		8,205,199		61,031
Add: Net financial assets/(liabilities) denominated respective entities’ functional currencies
Currency exposure of financial assets, net of those denominated in the Company’s functional currency		8,205,199		61,031
USD [member] | Financials Liabilities [Member]
DisclosureOfFinancialAssetsAndLiabilitiesLineItems [Line Items]
Trade and other payables		(24,388)		(23,998)
Borrowings
Warrant liabilities		(146,613)
Intra-group payables
USD [member] | Financial Asset [Member]
DisclosureOfFinancialAssetsAndLiabilitiesLineItems [Line Items]
Cash and bank balances		8,376,200		85,029
Trade and other receivables
Intra-group receivables
GBP [member]
DisclosureOfFinancialAssetsAndLiabilitiesLineItems [Line Items]
Financial assets
Financial liabilities				(146,212)
Net financial (liabilities)/assets				(146,212)
Add: Net financial assets/(liabilities) denominated respective entities’ functional currencies
Currency exposure of financial assets, net of those denominated in the Company’s functional currency				(146,212)
GBP [member] | Financials Liabilities [Member]
DisclosureOfFinancialAssetsAndLiabilitiesLineItems [Line Items]
Trade and other payables				(146,212)
Borrowings
Warrant liabilities
Intra-group payables
GBP [member] | Financial Asset [Member]
DisclosureOfFinancialAssetsAndLiabilitiesLineItems [Line Items]
Cash and bank balances
Trade and other receivables
Intra-group receivables

SCHEDULE OF NET FINANCIAL LIABI

SCHEDULE OF NET FINANCIAL LIABILITY ASSET CURRENCY RISK (Details) - SGD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
MYR Against SGD [member] | Strengthened [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Increase/(decrease) Loss after tax
MYR Against SGD [member] | Weakened [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Increase/(decrease) Loss after tax
USD Against SGD [member] | Strengthened [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Increase/(decrease) Loss after tax	341,000	(2,600)
USD Against SGD [member] | Weakened [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Increase/(decrease) Loss after tax	(341,000)	2,600
GBP Against SGD [member] | Strengthened [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Increase/(decrease) Loss after tax		6,000
GBP Against SGD [member] | Weakened [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Increase/(decrease) Loss after tax		$ (6,000)

SCHEDULE OF REMAINING CONTRACTU

SCHEDULE OF REMAINING CONTRACTUAL MATURITIES (Details) - SGD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Trade and other payables	$ 524,624	$ 416,398
Lease liabilities	6,324	14,419	$ 23,131
Borrowings (excluding lease liabilities)	441,698	803,606
Not later than one year [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Trade and other payables	521,680	410,798
Lease liabilities	6,462	8,227
Borrowings (excluding lease liabilities)	53,261	2,190,724
Later than one year and not later than two years [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Trade and other payables
Lease liabilities		6,856
Borrowings (excluding lease liabilities)	53,261	56,506
Later than two years and not later than five years [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Trade and other payables
Lease liabilities
Borrowings (excluding lease liabilities)	159,782	169,518
Later than five years [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Trade and other payables
Lease liabilities
Borrowings (excluding lease liabilities)	288,495	362,580
Total Undiscounted Cash Flow [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Trade and other payables	521,680	410,798
Lease liabilities	6,462	15,083
Borrowings (excluding lease liabilities)	$ 554,799	$ 2,779,328

SCHEDULE OF EACH CLASS OF FINAN

SCHEDULE OF EACH CLASS OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS MEASURED AT FAIR VALUE (Details) - SGD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Warrant liabilities	$ 146,613
Convertible loans		$ 3,401,237
Level 1 of fair value hierarchy [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Warrant liabilities
Convertible loans
Level 2 of fair value hierarchy [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Warrant liabilities	146,613
Convertible loans
Level 3 of fair value hierarchy [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Warrant liabilities
Convertible loans		$ 3,401,237

SCHEDULE OF CAPITAL BASED ON DE

SCHEDULE OF CAPITAL BASED ON DEBT-TO-EQUITY RATIO (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 SGD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 SGD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 SGD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 SGD ($)
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Total borrowings (Notes 11-13)		$ 803,606	$ 441,698
Total equity	$ 8,522,820	$ 586,298	11,244,155	$ 2,591,604	$ 475,780
Debt-to-equity ratio	4	720
Debt To Equity Ratio [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Total borrowings (Notes 11-13)		$ 4,219,262	448,022
Total equity		$ 586,298	$ 11,244,155

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS, FINANC_3

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS, FINANCIAL RISKS AND CAPITAL RISKS MANAGEMENT (Details Narrative)			12 Months Ended
	Apr. 18, 2023 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Apr. 18, 2023 SGD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 SGD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 SGD ($) shares	Dec. 31, 2023 SGD ($)	Apr. 18, 2022 shares
Financial Instruments Financial Risks And Capital Risks Management
Currency risk rate			5	5	5
Bank loan					$ 503,606	$ 441,698
Increase decrease in loan				$ 1,800	2,000
Negative cash flow from operating activities			$ 2,602,010	$ 3,432,830
Negative working capital			7,109,595			9,379,688
Cash and cash equivalents			$ 6,818,060		$ 1,579,718	$ 8,995,067
Number of ordinar shares issued during IPO | shares	2,412,369				486,485		478,230
Shares issued per share | $ / shares	$ 4
Gross proceeds from ordinary shares	$ 9,806,729	$ 12,938,017
Net proceeds	$ 7,812,922	$ 10,307,588

SCHEDULE OF GEOGRAPHICAL INFORM

SCHEDULE OF GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION IN NON-CURRENT ASSETS (Details) - SGD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Total	$ 2,077,166	$ 2,493,772
Malaysia Country [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Total	1,408,589	1,751,773
Singapore country [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Total	$ 668,577	$ 741,999

SCHEDULE OF RECONCILIATIONS OF

SCHEDULE OF RECONCILIATIONS OF LIABILITIES ARISING FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES (Details)		12 Months Ended
		Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 SGD ($)		Dec. 31, 2022 SGD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 SGD ($)
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Repayments of borrowings classified as financing activites		$ (25,001)	$ (32,984)		$ (71,204)	$ (51,452)
Bank Loan [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Liabilities arising from financing activities at beginning of period			503,606		574,810	626,262
Proceeds from borrowings, classified as financing activities
Repayments of borrowings classified as financing activites			(82,672)	[1]	(90,764)	(70,879)
Interest expense on borrowings			(20,764)		(19,560)	(19,427)
[custom:IncreaseDecreaseConversionOfConvertibleUnits]
Increase (decrease) through changes in fair values, liabilities arising from financing activities
Liabilities arising from financing activities at end of period			441,698		503,606	574,810
Increase decrease conversion of convertible units
Increase decrease through changes in fair values liabilities arising from financing activities
Warrant liabilities [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Liabilities arising from financing activities at beginning of period
Proceeds from borrowings, classified as financing activities
Repayments of borrowings classified as financing activites
Interest expense on borrowings
[custom:IncreaseDecreaseConversionOfConvertibleUnits]			73,930
Increase (decrease) through changes in fair values, liabilities arising from financing activities	[2]		(220,543)
Liabilities arising from financing activities at end of period			146,613
Increase decrease conversion of convertible units			(73,930)
Increase decrease through changes in fair values liabilities arising from financing activities	[2]		220,543
Third party loan [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Liabilities arising from financing activities at beginning of period			300,000		350,000
Proceeds from borrowings, classified as financing activities					300,000	350,000
Repayments of borrowings classified as financing activites			(304,266)		(359,719)	(2,014)
Interest expense on borrowings			(4,266)		(9,719)	(2,014)
[custom:IncreaseDecreaseConversionOfConvertibleUnits]
Increase (decrease) through changes in fair values, liabilities arising from financing activities
Liabilities arising from financing activities at end of period					300,000	350,000
Increase decrease conversion of convertible units
Increase decrease through changes in fair values liabilities arising from financing activities
Convertible Loan [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Liabilities arising from financing activities at beginning of period			3,401,237		2,310,757	2,323,423
Proceeds from borrowings, classified as financing activities
Repayments of borrowings classified as financing activites			(25,753)		(95,000)	(94,966)
Interest expense on borrowings			(25,753)		(95,000)	(94,966)
[custom:IncreaseDecreaseConversionOfConvertibleUnits]			3,499,991
Increase (decrease) through changes in fair values, liabilities arising from financing activities			(98,754)		(1,090,480)	12,666
Liabilities arising from financing activities at end of period					3,401,237	2,310,757
Increase decrease conversion of convertible units			(3,499,991)
Increase decrease through changes in fair values liabilities arising from financing activities			98,754		1,090,480	(12,666)
Lease liabilities [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Liabilities arising from financing activities at beginning of period			14,419		23,131	31,122
Proceeds from borrowings, classified as financing activities
Repayments of borrowings classified as financing activites	[3]		(8,594)		(9,608)	(9,280)
Interest expense on borrowings			(499)		(896)	(1,289)
[custom:IncreaseDecreaseConversionOfConvertibleUnits]
Increase (decrease) through changes in fair values, liabilities arising from financing activities
Liabilities arising from financing activities at end of period			6,324		14,419	23,131
Increase decrease conversion of convertible units
Increase decrease through changes in fair values liabilities arising from financing activities
[1] Includes exchange realignment of S$ Includes exchange realignment of S$ Includes exchange realignment of S$

SCHEDULE OF RECONCILIATIONS O_2

SCHEDULE OF RECONCILIATIONS OF LIABILITIES ARISING FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES (Details) (Parenthetical) - SGD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Lease liabilities [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Foreign exchange gain (loss)	$ 653	$ 1,157	$ 535
Warrant liabilities [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Foreign exchange gain (loss)	3,302
Bank borrowings [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Foreign exchange gain (loss)	$ 28,924

RECONCILIATIONS OF LIABILITIE_3

RECONCILIATIONS OF LIABILITIES ARISING FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES (Details Narrative)	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2023 SGD ($) shares	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 SGD ($) shares	Apr. 18, 2023 shares	Dec. 31, 2022 shares	Apr. 18, 2022 shares
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Shares issued | shares				2,412,369	486,485	478,230
Warrant expense | $		$ 169,669
Warrants [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Shares issued | shares	120,618
Warrant expense | $	$ 223,845
Ordinary Share [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Shares issued | shares			92,563
Professional fees | $			$ 190,355

SCHEDULE OF RELATED PARTY TRANS

SCHEDULE OF RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (Details) - SGD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
Research income from associate	$ 183,518	$ 207,206	$ 50,205
Purchase from associate	647	7,360	2,499
Service fee paid to directors	3,529	11,268	11,660
Amount due to a director		1,265	1,265
Amounts payable, related party transactions			1,102
Amounts receivable, related party transactions	$ 4,739

SCHEDULE OF REMUNERATION OF DIR

SCHEDULE OF REMUNERATION OF DIRECTORS AND KEY MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL (Details) - SGD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Total	$ 464,489	$ 332,606	$ 313,150
Wages and salaries [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Total	410,699	290,070	272,507
Defined Contribution Plans [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Total	46,762	39,122	37,285
Other Short Term Benefits [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Total	7,028	3,414	3,358
Directors [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Total	233,282
Other Key Management Personnel [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Total	$ 231,207	$ 332,606	$ 313,150

EVENTS OCCURRING AFTER BALANC_2

EVENTS OCCURRING AFTER BALANCE SHEET DATE (Details Narrative) - Third party [member]	Mar. 25, 2024 SGD ($)	Mar. 25, 2024 MYR (RM)	Feb. 01, 2024 SGD ($)	Feb. 01, 2024 MYR (RM)
Major business combination [member] | Sale and Purchase Agreement [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Total purchase consideration			$ 431,000	RM 1,500,000
Nonadjusting Event [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Acquisition price	$ 661,000	RM 2,300,000
Earnest deposit	$ 13,000	RM 46,000