Significant Accounting Policies | Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, its wholly-owned or majority-owned subsidiaries and entities in which the Company is deemed to have a direct or indirect controlling financial interest based on either a variable interest model or voting interest model. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Pursuant to the Reverse Recapitalization, as described in Note 3, Reverse Recapitalization , the Company holds 236,390,230 units of Vacasa Holdings ("OpCo Units"), which represents a 54.5% ownership interest as of December 31, 2022. The portion of the consolidated subsidiaries not owned by the Company and any related activity is eliminated through redeemable noncontrolling interests in the consolidated balance sheets and net income (loss) attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in the consolidated statements of operations. The consolidated financial statements of Vacasa Holdings and its subsidiaries have been determined to be the predecessor for accounting and reporting purposes of the period prior to the Reverse Recapitalization. Following the consummation of the Business Combination, the Company is an emerging growth company ("EGC"), as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act, as modified by the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the "JOBS Act"), which permits the Company to take advantage of an extended transition period to comply with new or revised accounting standards applicable to public companies. As of January 1, 2022, the Company elected to irrevocably opt out of the extended transition period. Use of Estimates The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates and assumptions reflected in the consolidated financial statements include, but are not limited to, the useful lives of property and equipment and intangibles assets, allowance for credit losses, valuation of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business acquisitions and related contingent consideration, valuation of warrants, valuation of Class G Common Stock, valuation of redeemable convertible preferred units, valuation of equity-based compensation, valuation of goodwill, and evaluation of recoverability of long-lived assets. Actual results may differ materially from such estimates. Management believes that the estimates, and judgments upon which they rely, are reasonable based upon information available to them at the time that these estimates and judgments are made. To the extent that there are material differences between these estimates and actual results, the Company’s consolidated financial statements will be affected. COVID-19 Impacts COVID-19 and its variants have impacted the Company in a number of ways. Beginning at the end of the Company’s first quarter of 2020, the Company experienced a significant decline in revenue resulting from a decrease in bookings and an increase in cancellations, which in turn impacted Nights Sold. In certain markets, vacation homes on the Company's platform and attractions within the local market were subject to shifting government mandates or guidance regarding COVID-19 restrictions. Due to the impact that the reduction in bookings initially had on its financial condition, $108.1 million of Senior Secured Convertible Notes ("D-1 Convertible Notes") were issued to provide for liquidity and fund other general corporate initiatives. In connection with the Reverse Recapitalization (see Note 3, Reverse Recapitalizati on), the D-1 Convertible Notes subsequently converted into equity interests in the Company and were no longer outstanding as of December 31, 2021. The Company also took steps to mitigate the adverse impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic through cost reduction measures including lower discretionary and overhead spending, as well as temporary employee furloughs, which primarily occurred in the second quarter of fiscal 2020. In the first half of 2020, the Company initiated an internal reorganization and reduction of its workforce, primarily in North America, resulting in the elimination of approximately 850 positions. As a result of these reductions, the Company recorded expenses in the 2020 consolidated statement of operations of $5.0 million, of which $1.5 million was recorded to operations and support, $1.2 million to sales and marketing, $1.1 million to general and administrative expenses, $1.0 million to technology and development, and $0.2 million to cost of revenue. The Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act ("CARES Act") was signed into law on March 27, 2020. The Company analyzed the various income tax and non-income tax provisions of the CARES Act based on currently available technical guidance and determined that aside from an imp act to the timing of cash flows, there is no material impact to the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Specifically, as it relates to the Company, the CARES Act allowed for deferred payment of the employer-paid portion of social security taxes through the end of 2020, with 50% due on December 31, 2021 and the remainder due on December 31, 2022. For the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company deferred approximately $3.8 million of the employer-paid portion of social security taxes. As of December 31, 2022, there was no remaining deferral included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. The Canada Emergency Wage Subsidy ("CEWS") was announced on March 27, 2020. Under this program, qualifying businesses can receive a subsidy for up to 75% of their employees’ wages, subject to certain limitations. For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, the Company received $0.2 million, $2.2 million, and $1.7 million, respectively, of wage subsidy from the Canadian government as part of the CEWS, which is included in operating costs and expenses in the consolidated statement of operations. Exit from European and Latin America Operations In addition to the specific responses to COVID-19 above, in the second half of the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company’s management made the decision to realign the Company’s business and strategic priorities which resulted in the wind-down of a significant portion of the Company’s international operations by December 31, 2020. In connection with the wind-down, the Company recorded restructuring costs of $1.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2020, which primarily consisted of severance costs of $1.3 million and contract termination costs of $0.5 million. Of the total, $1.4 million was recorded to general and administrative expenses, $0.3 million to cost of revenue, and $0.2 million to operations and support in the consolidated statements of operations. While some of these activities were ongoing into 2021, the majority of these actions were completed by December 31, 2020. As of December 31, 2021, accrued restructuring charges were not material. Segments Operating segments are defined as components of an entity for which discrete financial information is available and is regularly reviewed by the Chief Operating Decision Maker ("CODM") in deciding how to allocate resources to an individual segment and in assessing performance. The Company’s Chief Executive Officer is the Company's CODM. The CODM reviews financial information on a consolidated basis for purposes of making operating decisions, allocating resources, and evaluating financial performance. As such, the Company has determined that it operates one reportable segment. The majority of the Company's revenue is earned in the United States. The Company's revenue earned outside of the United States did not exceed 10% of total revenues for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, or 2020 . Long-lived assets by geographical location is based on the location of the legal entity that owns the asset. As of December 31, 2022 , the majority of the Company's long-lived assets were located in the United States. Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash Cash includes demand deposits with banks and financial institutions, as well as cash in transit from payment processors. Cash equivalents includes short-term, highly liquid securities, including money market funds and term deposit investments with maturities of 90 days or less when purchased and their carrying amounts approximate fair value due to their short-term nature. The Company generally places its cash and cash equivalents and investments with major financial institutions deemed to be of high-credit-quality in order to limit its credit exposure. The Company maintains its cash accounts with financial institutions where, at times, deposits exceed federal insurance limits. Restricted cash primarily represents payments made by guests in advance of reservations that are required to be held in escrow accounts until the rescission period expires in accordance with U.S. state regulations. Accounts Receivable, net Accounts receivable, net primarily represents amounts owed by the prior owners of acquired businesses managed under transition services agreements, amounts owed by homeowners for reimbursable expenses incurred by the Company in accordance with the homeowner contract, amounts owed by third-party distribution partners acting as a merchant of record for guest stays that have commenced, and amounts owed by community and homeowner associations for services provided. The allowance for credit losses is estimated based on historical experience, aging of the receivable, the counterparty’s ability to pay, condition of general economy and industry, and other factors. The allowance for credit losses reflects the Company’s best estimate of probable losses inherent in the accounts receivable balance. Accounts receivable deemed uncollectible are charged against the allowance for credit losses when identified. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company’s allowance for credit losses related to accounts receivable was $11.2 million and $11.6 million, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, the Company recognized credit loss expense of $5.4 million, $4.7 million, and $6.4 million, respectively, which were recorded as a component of general and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of operations. Property and Equipment, net Property and equipment are stated at cost or at fair value for assets acquired as part of a business combination. Costs of maintenance and repairs that do not improve or extend the useful lives of assets are expensed as incurred. Property and equipment includes capitalized costs related to the development of the Company’s technology platform, mobile apps, and marketplace. Software development costs related to software developed or modified solely to meet the Company’s internal requirements, with no substantive plans to market such software at the time of development, are capitalized during the application development stage of the project. Costs incurred during the preliminary planning and evaluation stage of the project and during the post implementation operational stage are expensed as incurred. Additionally, the Company capitalizes qualifying costs incurred for upgrades and enhancements that result in additional functionality to existing software. Depreciation of such costs begins when the project milestones are substantially complete and software is ready for its intended use. Depreciation of property and equipment is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Upon retirement or sale, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the consolidated balance sheet and the resulting gain or loss is recorded as a component of general and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of operations. Gains and losses on disposal of assets were not material for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020. Intangible Assets, net The Company’s intangible assets consist primarily of acquired homeowner contracts, databases, photos and property listings, trade names, noncompete agreements, and other. Intangible assets are recorded at fair value as of the date of acquisition and are amortized on a straight-line basis over an estimated economic life ranging from one Impairment of Long-lived Assets The Company evaluates its long-lived assets or asset groups for indicators of possible impairment by comparison of the carrying amount to future net undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by such asset or asset group and its eventual disposal when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset or asset group may not be recoverable. If the carrying amount of the long-lived asset is not recoverable on an undiscounted cash flow basis, impairment is recognized to the extent that the carrying amount exceeds its fair value. Fair value is determined primarily using the estimated cash flows discounted at a rate commensurate with the risk involved and based on assumptions representative of market participants. Long-lived asset impairments are recorded as a component of general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statement of operations. Long-lived asset impairment losses were not material for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020. Business Combinations In accordance with applicable accounting standards, the Company estimates the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date of each business combination. Any excess purchase price over the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired is allocated to goodwill. Management makes certain estimates and assumptions when determining the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, including intangible assets. Critical estimates in valuing certain intangible assets include but are not limited to future expected cash flows from homeowner contracts, databases, photos and property listings, and trade names, as well as discount rates. At the acquisition date, the Company will also record acquisition related liabilities, if applicable, for any contingent consideration or deferred payments to the seller. Contingent consideration is recorded at fair value on the acquisition date based on the Company’s expectation of achieving the contractually defined homeowner contract conversion and retention targets. The fair value of the contingent consideration liabilities are remeasured each reporting period after the acquisition date and any changes in the estimated fair value are reflected as gains or losses in general and administrative expense in the consolidated statement of operations. The contingent consideration liabilities were $22.3 million and $38.0 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The deferred payments to sellers are recognized on the acquisition date at fair value by calculating the risk adjusted present value of the deferred cash payments to be made to the seller. The deferred payments to seller balances were $19.0 million and $26.8 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Contingent consideration liabilities and deferred payments to sellers are recorded as a component of accrued expenses and other current liabilities and other long-term liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets based on the expected timing of settlement. Management’s estimates of fair value are based upon assumptions believed to be reasonable, but which are inherently uncertain and unpredictable and, as a result, actual results may differ from estimates. Any changes to provisional amounts identified during the measurement period are recognized in the reporting period in which the adjustment amounts are determined. Transaction costs associated with business combinations are expensed as incurred. Goodwill Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired in a business combination. The Company has one reporting unit which the Company tests for impairment on the first day of the fourth quarter, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that goodwill might be impaired. The Company reviews goodwill for impairment by initially considering qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, including goodwill, as a basis for determining whether it is necessary to perform a quantitative analysis. If it is determined that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, a quantitative analysis is performed to identify goodwill impairment. The Company may elect to bypass the qualitative assessment and proceed directly to performing a quantitative analysis. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, goodwill is not impaired. If the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, a goodwill impairment loss is measured as the excess of the carrying amount of the reporting unit over its fair value (not to exceed the reporting unit's total goodwill balance). During the fourth quarter of 2022, the Company recorded goodwill impairment charges of $244.0 million. There were no goodwill impairment charges recorded during 2021 or 2020. Refer to Note 7, Intangible Assets, Net and Goodwill , for additional information. Loss Contingencies The Company is subject to legal proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of business. The Company accrues for losses associated with legal claims when such losses are both probable and reasonably estimable. These accruals are adjusted as additional information becomes available or circumstances change. Leases The Company adopted Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), and all related amendments on January 1, 2022, on a modified retrospective basis. Under Topic 842, the Company determines if an arrangement is or contains a lease at inception. A contract is or contains a lease if it conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. The lease term includes options to extend the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option and when doing so is at the Company's sole discretion. The Company has elected the short-term lease exception for all classes of assets, and therefore has not applied the recognition requirements of Topic 842 to leases of 12 months or less. The Company has also elected the practical expedient to not separate lease and non-lease components for all classes of assets. The Company’s classes of assets that are leased include real estate leases and equipment leases. Real estate leases typically pertain to the Company’s corporate office locations, field operation locations, or vacation properties whereby the Company takes control of a third party’s property during the lease period for the purpose of renting the property on a short-term basis. Most of the Company’s leases are operating leases, and activities related to finance leases were not material for any of the periods presented. The Company recognizes lease expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company’s lease agreements may contain variable costs such as common area maintenance, operating expenses or other costs. Variable lease costs are expensed as incurred on the consolidated statements of operations. Operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. Operating lease liabilities represent the present value of lease payments not yet paid. Operating lease ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset and are based upon the operating lease liabilities adjusted for prepayments or accrued lease payments, initial direct costs, lease incentives, and impairment of operating lease assets. As most of the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The incremental borrowing rate represents the rate of interest the Company would have to pay to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment. Fair Value The Company measures certain assets and liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis based on an expected exit price, which represents the amount that would be received on the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The accounting guidance for fair value measurements defines a three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosures as follows: Level 1 - Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets. Level 2 - Inputs reflect quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the assets or liabilities; or inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means. Level 3 - Unobservable inputs reflecting the Company’s own assumptions incorporated in valuation techniques used to determine fair value. These assumptions are required to be consistent with market participant assumptions that are reasonably available. The carrying amounts of certain of the Company’s financial instruments, which include cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, net, prepaid expenses and other current assets, accounts payable, and accrued expenses and other current liabilities approximate their fair values due to their short maturities. Related Party Transactions The Company has certain homeowner contracts with the Company’s founder and former Chief Executive Officer, who is also a director of the Company. The Company's revenue recognized related to these agreements was $1.6 million, $1.6 million, and $1.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020. On May 21, 2020, the Company issued Senior Secured Convertible Notes with an aggregate principal amount of $108.1 million. The purchasers were existing holders of the Company’s issued and outstanding redeemable convertible preferred units. In connection with the Reverse Recapitalization (see Note 3, Reverse Recapitalization ), the D-1 Convertible Notes converted into equity interests in the Company and were no longer outstanding subsequent to December 6, 2021. On December 3, 2020, the Company sold and issued an aggregate of 270,387 units of Series C-1 preferred units to a certain director of the Company in exchange for gross proceeds of $0.5 million. Refer to Note 13, Equity for additional information. Revenue from Contracts with Customers The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The Company operates a vertically-integrated vacation rental platform. The Company collects nightly rent on behalf of homeowners and earns the majority of its revenue from commissions on rent and from additional reservation-related fees paid by guests when a vacation rental is booked directly through the Company’s website or app or through its distribution partners. The majority of the Company’s vacation homes under management are located in the United States. The Company considers both the homeowners and guests to be its customers. The Company fulfills its obligations to its customers in various ways, depending on the nature of the contract. For all performance obligations, sales taxes are excluded from the transaction price. Vacation Rental Platform Under the Company’s homeowner contracts, the Company generally acts as the exclusive agent on the homeowners’ behalf to perform an integrated agency service that consists of (a) acting as the vacation home letting agent and direct intermediary between the homeowner and the guest, (b) performing routine care of the vacation property during the stay and upon guest departure, (c) 24/7 contact center support for guests and homeowners as well as local operations support, and (d) performing inspections, routine maintenance, minor repairs, and inventory management of required supplies of the property. The integrated agency service provided to homeowners represents a single distinct performance obligation. The Company markets homes on its platform directly on vacasa.com and its guest app and via its third-party distribution partners. Upon confirmation of a vacation home booking by a guest, the Company, on behalf of a homeowner, agrees to provide use of the vacation home for a specified period of time. At the time of booking, the guest agrees to pay the total booking value which is comprised of the nightly reservation rate, other reservation-related fees, and applicable sales taxes. The transaction price under the homeowner contracts represents variable consideration as the amount to which the Company is entitled depends on the total amount collected for each reservation. The uncertainty associated with the transaction price is generally resolved upon the booking, subject to estimates for cancellations and refunds. In accordance with the Company’s homeowner contracts, the Company earns commission revenue for a portion of the nightly rate and the other reservation-related fees for the integrated agency and guest services rendered. The total booking value is generally due prior to the commencement of the reservation. The total booking value collected in advance of the reservation is recorded on the balance sheets as funds payable to owners, hospitality and sales taxes payable and deferred revenue in the amount obligated to the homeowner, the taxing authority, and the Company, respectively. While the guest primarily interacts with the Company as part of the booking process, the homeowner is primarily responsible for fulfilling the promise to the guest, and as a result, the Company recognizes commission revenue net of the amount due to the homeowner under the contract. The performance obligation to provide the integrated agency services and guest services meets the criteria for recognition over time as the homeowner and guest simultaneously receive and consume the benefits from the services. The Company recognizes revenue for these services over the duration of each guest stay. The Company primarily remits payments to the homeowners for the portion of the total booking value obligated to the homeowner for completed guest stays on a monthly basis, except in certain regulated markets in which a portion of the amount obligated to the homeowner is paid in advance. In certain instances, the Company may offer a refund related to a completed stay. The Company accounts for these refunds as variable consideration, which results in a reduction to revenue. The estimate for variable consideration was not material for any of the periods presented. In addition to providing the integrated agency services under the homeowner contract, the Company may also provide home care solutions directly to the homeowner, such as home maintenance and improvement services, linen and towel supply programs, supplemental housekeeping services, and other related services, for a separately agreed upon fee. These services may be provided by Company personnel or by third-party contractors acting on the Company’s behalf. The Company recognizes this revenue on a gross basis as the Company is primarily responsible for providing these goods and services to the customer. These services represent distinct performance obligations provided to the homeowner as the Company's customer. Fees for home care solutions are generally charged on a monthly basis in accordance with the homeowner contract and may be recognized at that point in time or over the duration of the service provided. Other Services In addition to providing vacation rental platform services, the Company provides other services including real estate brokerage and management services to community associations. The purpose of these services is to attract and retain homeowners as customers of the Company’s vacation rental platform. Under the real estate brokerage services, the Company assists home buyers and sellers in listing, marketing, selling and finding homes. Real estate commissions earned by the Company’s real estate brokerage business are recorded as revenue at a point in time which is upon the closing of a real estate transaction (i.e., purchase or sale of a home). The commissions the Company pays to real estate agents are recognized concurrently with associated revenues and presented as cost of revenue in the consolidated statements of operations. Under the community association management services, the Company provides common area property management, community governance, and association accounting services to community and homeowner associations in exchange for a management fee and other incrementally billed services. The services represent an individual performance obligation in which the Company has determined it is primarily responsible. Revenue is recognized over time as services are rendered for the management fee and incrementally billed services are recognized at a point in time. Revenue Disaggregation A disaggregation of the Company’s revenues by nature of the Company’s performance obligations are as follows (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2022 2021 2020 Vacation rental platform $ 1,142,669 $ 841,973 $ 454,476 Other services 45,281 47,085 37,284 Total $ 1,187,950 $ 889,058 $ 491,760 Contract Liability Balances Contract liability balances on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets consist of deferred revenue for amounts collected in advance of a guest stay, limited to the amount of the booking to which the Company expects to be entitled as revenue. The Company’s deferred revenue balances exclude funds payable to owners and hospitality and sales taxes payable, as those amounts will not result in revenue recognition. Deferred revenue is recognized into revenue over the period in which a guest completes a stay. Substantially all of the deferred revenue balances at the end of each period are expected to be recognized as revenue within the subsequent 12 months. Future Stay Credits In the event a booked reservation made through our website or app is cancelled, the Company may offer a refund or a future stay credit up to the value of the booked reservation. Future stay credits are recognized upon issuance as a liability on the Company's consolidated balance sheets. Revenue from future stay credits is recognized when redeemed by guests, net of the portion of the booking attributable to funds payable to owners and hospitality and sales taxes payable. The Company uses historical breakage rates to estimate the portion of future stay credits that will not be redeemed by guests and recognizes these amounts as breakage revenue in proportion to the expected pattern of redemption or upon expiration. Future stay credits typically expire fifteen months from the date of issue. As part of the Company’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic, certain future stay credits issued during the first three quarters of 2020 were extended from their original expiration, and the first of these future stay credits began to expire during the first quarter of 2022. Prior to the first quarter of 2022, the Company did not recognize breakage revenue associated with future stay credits. The Company determined that any estimate of breakage was fully constrained, primarily due to a lack of historical information to make the estimate since no future stay credits had yet reached their expiration date. For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recognized breakage revenue of $16.0 million, of which $11.1 million related to expirations that occurred during the first quarter of 2022, and $4.9 million related |