Segment reporting | 5. Segment reporting The Group’s Executive Committee, identified as the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), reviews and evaluates the Group’s performance from a business perspective according to how the geographical locations are managed. Regional and operating company management are responsible for managing performance, underlying risks, and effectiveness of operations. Regions are broadly based on a scale and geographic basis because the Group’s risks and rates of return are affected predominantly by the fact that the Group operates in different geographical areas, namely Nigeria as the major market, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Rwanda, South Africa and Zambia, as our SSA business, Kuwait and Egypt as our MENA business and Brazil, Colombia and Peru as our Latam business. The Executive Committee reviews the Company’s internal reporting to assess performance and allocate resources. Management has determined the operating segments based on these reports. The CODM has identified four operating segments: ◾ Nigeria ◾ SSA, which comprises operations in Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Rwanda, South Africa and Zambia ◾ Latam, which comprises operations in Brazil, Colombia and Peru ◾ MENA, which comprises operations in Kuwait and Egypt. Although full operations in Egypt have not commenced, the business has incurred some startup costs. All operating segments are engaged in the business of leasing tower space for communication equipment and capacity leasing and services on fixed broadband networks to Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) and other customers (internet service providers, security functions or private corporations) and provide managed services in limited situations, such as maintenance, operations and leasing services, for certain towers owned by third parties within their respective geographic areas. However, they are managed and grouped within the four operating segments, which are primarily distinguished by reference to the scale of operations, to the similarity of their future prospects and long-term financial performance (i.e. margins and geographic basis). The CODM primarily uses a measure of Segment Adjusted EBITDA (defined as profit/(loss) for the period, before income tax expense/(benefit), finance costs and income, depreciation and amortization, impairment of withholding tax receivables, business combination transaction costs, impairment of property, plant and equipment and related prepaid land rent on the decommissioning of sites, reversal of provision for decommissioning costs, net (profit)/loss on sale of assets, share based payment (credit)/expense, insurance claims, listing costs and certain other items that management believes are not indicative of the core performance of our business). The most directly comparable IFRS measure to Adjusted EBITDA is our profit/(loss) for the period. The CODM also regularly receives information about the Group’s revenue, assets and liabilities. The Group has additional corporate costs which do not meet the quantitative thresholds to be separately reported and which are aggregated in ‘Other’ in the reconciliation of financial information presented below. These include costs associated with centralized Group functions including Group executive, legal, finance, tax and treasury services. There are no revenue transactions which occur between operating segments. Intercompany finance income, finance costs and loans are not included in the amounts below. The segment’s assets and liabilities are comprised of all assets and liabilities attributable to the segment, based on the operations of the segment and the physical location of the assets, including goodwill and other intangible assets and are measured in the same way as in the financial statements. Other assets and liabilities that are not attributable to Nigeria, SSA, Latam and MENA segments consist principally of amounts excluded from specific segments including costs incurred for and by Group functions not attributable directly to the operations of the reportable segments, share-based payment and any amounts due on debt held at Group level as the balances are not utilized in assessing each segment’s performance. Summarized financial information for the six months ended June 30, 2023 is as follows: 2023 Nigeria SSA Latam MENA Other Total $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 Revenues from external customers 789,570 245,553 93,993 19,616 — 1,148,732 Segment Adjusted EBITDA 510,327 128,417 66,502 9,050 (75,042) 639,254 Depreciation and amortization (note 6 and 7) (235,450) Net gain on disposal of property, plant and equipment (note 7) 566 Insurance claims (note 9) 278 Net impairment of property, plant and equipment and prepaid land rent (note 6) (5,081) Impairment of withholding tax receivables (note 7) (24,604) Business combination transaction costs (note 7) (1,486) Other costs (a) (4,848) Share ‑ (6,917) Finance income (note 10) 13,160 Finance costs (note 11) (1,542,979) Other income (note 9) 58 Loss before income tax (1,168,049) Additions of property, plant and equipment, right of use assets and intangible assets: - in the normal course of business 217,165 52,980 99,139 8,812 Segment assets (at June 30, 2023) 1,598,556 1,542,837 2,074,469 178,333 Segment liabilities (at June 30, 2023) 910,389 838,874 633,811 111,541 (a) Other costs for the six months ended June 30, 2023 included one off consulting fees related to corporate structures and operating systems of $2.8 million, non-recurring consulting services of $1.0 million and non-recurring professional fees related to financing of $0.2 million. Summarized financial information for the six months ended June 30, 2022 is as follows: 2022 Nigeria SSA Latam MENA Other Total $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 Revenues from external customers 641,781 180,530 74,013 17,491 — 913,815 Segment Adjusted EBITDA* 386,717 99,989 53,017 7,788 (63,463) 484,048 Depreciation and amortization (note 6 and 7) (222,699) Net loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment (note 7) (13,784) Insurance claims (note 9) 1,616 Net reversal of impairment of property, plant and equipment and prepaid land rent (note 6) 1,331 Impairment of withholding tax receivables (note 7) (27,717) Business combination transaction costs (note 7) (14,039) Other costs (a) (514) Share ‑ (5,625) Finance income (note 10) 45,667 Finance costs (note 11) (380,902) Other income (note 9) 2,521 Loss before income tax (130,097) Additions of property, plant and equipment, right of use assets and intangible assets: - through business combinations* — 719,219 386,460 — - in the normal course of business 128,189 52,171 51,126 12,346 Segment assets (at June 30, 2022)* 2,279,885 1,736,548 1,948,501 176,422 Segment liabilities (at June 30, 2022)* 922,197 964,570 599,485 105,967 (a) Other costs for the six months ended June 30, 2022 included professional costs related to Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) implementation costs. *re-presented to reflect the remeasurement period adjustments, as required by IFRS 3, in respect of updates to the accounting for the TIM Fiber Acquisition in November 2021, the GTS SP5 Acquisition in March 2022 and the MTN SA Acquisition in May 2022. Summarized financial information for the three months ended June 30, 2023 is as follows: 2023 Nigeria SSA Latam MENA Other Total $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 Revenues from external customers 364,592 123,393 48,344 9,875 — 546,204 Segment Adjusted EBITDA 238,448 62,933 35,330 5,384 (38,385) 303,710 Depreciation and amortization (note 6 and 7) (116,494) Net loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment (note 7) (168) Insurance claims (note 9) 133 Net impairment of property, plant and equipment and prepaid land rent (note 6) (935) Impairment of withholding tax receivables (note 7) (13,349) Business combination transaction costs (note 7) (27) Other costs (a) (2,673) Share ‑ (3,628) Finance income (note 10) 8,373 Finance costs (note 11) (1,366,012) Other income (note 9) 28 Loss before income tax (1,191,042) Additions of property, plant and equipment, right of use assets and intangible assets: - in the normal course of business 137,078 25,209 56,214 5,485 Segment assets (at June 30, 2023) 1,598,556 1,542,837 2,074,469 178,333 Segment liabilities (at June 30, 2023) 910,389 838,874 633,811 111,541 (a) Other costs for the three months ended June 30, 2023 included one off consulting fees related to corporate structures and operating systems of $1.2 million and non-recurring consulting services of $1.0 million . Summarized financial information for the three months ended June 30, 2022 is as follows: 2022 Nigeria SSA Latam MENA Other Total $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 Revenues from external customers 321,125 94,902 42,780 8,876 — 467,683 Segment Adjusted EBITDA* 183,698 52,990 30,904 4,170 (32,586) 239,176 Depreciation and amortization (note 6 and 7) (114,859) Net loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment (note 7) (13,617) Insurance claims (note 9) 466 Net reversal of impairment of property, plant and equipment and prepaid land rent (note 6) 3,514 Impairment of withholding tax receivables (note 7) (12,932) Business combination transaction costs (note 7) (5,679) Share ‑ (2,051) Finance income (note 10) 3,895 Finance costs (note 11) (261,886) Other income (note 9) 2,501 Loss before income tax (161,472) Additions of property, plant and equipment, right of use assets and intangible assets: - through business combinations* — 719,219 — — - in the normal course of business 72,039 39,254 23,918 7,691 Segment assets (at June 30, 2022)* 2,279,885 1,736,548 1,948,501 176,422 Segment liabilities (at June 30, 2022)* 922,197 964,570 599,485 105,967 *re-presented to reflect the remeasurement period adjustments, as required by IFRS 3, in respect of updates to the accounting for the TIM Fiber Acquisition in November 2021, the GTS SP5 Acquisition in March 2022 and the MTN SA Acquisition in May 2022. Revenue from two tier one customers represents approximately 10% or more of the Group’s total revenue as follows: Three months ended Six months ended June 30, June 30, June 30, June 30, 2023 2022 2023 2022 $’000 $’000 Customer A 61 % 62 % 59 % 62 % Customer B 18 % 16 % 17 % 16 % |