Segment reporting | 5. Segment reporting The Group’s Executive Committee, identified as the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), reviews and evaluates the Group’s performance from a business perspective according to how the geographical locations are managed. Regional and operating company management are responsible for managing performance, underlying risks, and effectiveness of operations. Regions are broadly based on a scale and geographic basis because the Group’s risks and rates of return are affected predominantly by the fact that the Group operates in different geographical areas. The Executive Committee reviews the Company’s internal reporting to assess performance and allocate resources. Management has determined the operating segments based on these reports. The CODM has identified four reportable and operating segments: ● Nigeria; ● SSA, which comprises operations in Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Rwanda, South Africa and Zambia ; ● Latam, which comprises operations in Brazil and Colombia; and ● MENA, which comprises operations in Kuwait and Egypt. Although full operations in Egypt have not commenced, the business has incurred some costs. All operating segments are engaged in the business of leasing tower space for communication equipment and capacity leasing and services on fixed broadband networks to MNOs and other customers (internet service providers, security functions or private corporations) and provide managed services in limited situations, such as maintenance, operations and leasing services, for certain towers owned by third parties within their respective geographic areas. However, they are managed and grouped within the four operating segments, which are primarily distinguished by reference to the scale of operations, to the similarity of their future prospects and long-term financial performance (i.e. margins and geographic basis). The CODM primarily uses a measure of Adjusted EBITDA (defined as income/(loss) for the period, before income tax expense/(benefit), finance costs and income, depreciation and amortization, impairment of withholding tax receivables, impairment of goodwill, business combination transaction costs, impairment of property, plant and equipment, intangible assets excluding goodwill and related prepaid land rent, reversal of provision for decommissioning costs, net (gain)/loss on sale of assets, share-based payment (credit)/expense, insurance claims and certain other items that management believes are not indicative of the core performance of our business). The most directly comparable IFRS Accounting Standards measure to Adjusted EBITDA is our income/(loss) for the period. The CODM also regularly receives information about the Group’s revenue, assets and liabilities. The Group has additional corporate costs which do not meet the quantitative thresholds to be separately reported and therefore are not allocated to operating segments. Segment Adjusted EBITDA represents Adjusted EBITDA excluding unallocated corporate expenses. There are no revenue transactions which occur between operating segments. Intercompany finance income, finance costs and loans are not included in the amounts below. The segment’s assets and liabilities are comprised of all assets and liabilities attributable to the segment, based on the operations of the segment and the physical location of the assets, including goodwill and other intangible assets and are measured in the same way as in the financial statements. Other assets and liabilities that are not attributable to Nigeria, SSA, Latam and MENA segments consist principally of amounts excluded from specific segments including costs incurred for and by Group functions not attributable directly to the operations of the reportable segments, share-based payment and any amounts due on debt held at Group level as the balances are not utilized in assessing each segment’s performance. Summarized financial information for the six months ended June 30, 2024, is as follows: 2024 Nigeria SSA Latam MENA Total $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 Revenues from external customers 497,306 239,530 94,237 22,048 853,121 Segment Adjusted EBITDA 274,260 146,108 67,124 12,239 499,731 Reconciliation of information on reportable segments to the amounts reported in the financial statements: Segment Adjusted EBITDA 499,731 Finance costs (note 10) (1,812,744) Depreciation and amortization (note 6 and 7) (174,732) Impairment of goodwill (note 7) (87,894) Impairment of withholding tax receivables (note 7) (10,972) Share‑based payment expense (note 7) (8,066) Other costs (a) (6,392) Impairment of property, plant and equipment, intangible assets excluding goodwill and related prepaid land rent (note 6) (5,943) Impairment of assets held for sale (note 6) (2,853) Business combination costs (note 7) (380) Impairment of other fixed assets (note 7) (31) Insurance claims 40 Net gain on disposal of property, plant and equipment (note 7) 2,292 Finance income (note 9) 24,376 Unallocated corporate expenses (b) (63,724) Loss before income tax (1,647,292) Additions of property, plant and equipment, right of use assets and intangible assets: - through business combinations — — — — - in the normal course of business 50,415 38,586 87,443 2,496 Segment assets (at June 30, 2024) 858,590 1,361,444 1,912,250 174,604 Segment liabilities (at June 30, 2024) 339,988 902,002 750,316 101,732 (a) Other costs for the six months ended June 30, 2024, included costs related to strategic review and one-off consulting fees related to corporate structures and operating systems of $4.5 million and costs related to internal reorganization of $1.8 million . (b) Unallocated corporate expenses primarily consist of costs associated with centralized Group functions including Group executive, legal, finance, tax and treasury services. Summarized financial information for the six months ended June 30, 2023, is as follows: 2023 Nigeria SSA Latam MENA Total $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 Revenues from external customers 789,570 245,553 93,993 19,616 1,148,732 Segment Adjusted EBITDA* 491,324 128,417 66,502 9,050 695,293 Reconciliation of information on reportable segments to the amounts reported in the financial statements: Segment Adjusted EBITDA* 695,293 Finance costs (note 10)* (1,546,019) Depreciation and amortization (note 6 and 7) (235,450) Impairment of withholding tax receivables (note 7) (24,604) Share‑based payment expense (note 7) (6,917) Impairment of property, plant and equipment, intangible assets excluding goodwill and related prepaid land rent (note 6) (5,081) Other costs (a) (4,848) Business combination costs (note 7) (1,486) Other non-operating income 58 Insurance claims 278 Net gain on disposal of property, plant and equipment (note 7) 566 Finance income (note 9) 13,160 Unallocated corporate expenses (b) (75,042) Loss before income tax* (1,190,092) Additions of property, plant and equipment, right of use assets and intangible assets: - through business combinations — — — — - in the normal course of business 217,165 52,980 99,139 8,812 Segment assets (at June 30, 2023)* 1,584,845 1,542,837 2,074,469 178,333 Segment liabilities (at June 30, 2023)* 914,230 838,874 633,811 111,541 *Revised to reflect an adjustment related to the accounting treatment of foreign exchange on goods in transit in Nigeria (see note 28). (a) Other costs for the six months ended June 30, 2023, included one-off consulting fees related to corporate structures and operating systems of $2.8 million, other one-off consulting services of $1.0 million and one-off professional fees related to financing of $0.2 million. (b) Unallocated corporate expenses primarily consist of costs associated with centralized Group functions including Group executive, legal, finance, tax and treasury services. Summarized financial information for the three months ended June 30, 2024, is as follows: 2024 Nigeria SSA Latam MENA Total $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 Revenues from external customers 269,572 108,215 46,464 11,126 435,377 Segment Adjusted EBITDA 171,391 76,456 33,279 6,167 287,293 Reconciliation of information on reportable segments to the amounts reported in the financial statements: Segment Adjusted EBITDA 287,293 Finance costs (note 10) (279,156) Depreciation and amortization (note 6 and 7) (87,166) Share‑based payment expense (note 7) (4,885) Other costs (a) (3,907) Impairment of property, plant and equipment, intangibles assets excluding goodwill and related prepaid land rent (note 6) (2,883) Impairment of assets held for sale (note 6) (2,853) Impairment of withholding tax receivables (note 7) (2,756) Business combination costs (note 7) (148) Impairment of other fixed assets (note 7) (31) Insurance claims 30 Net loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment (note 7) 1,919 Finance income (note 9) 43,010 Unallocated corporate expenses (b) (36,445) Loss before income tax (87,978) Additions of property, plant and equipment, right of use assets and intangible assets: - through business combinations — — — — - in the normal course of business 29,302 31,195 43,187 1,672 Segment assets (at June 30, 2024) 858,590 1,361,444 1,912,250 174,604 Segment liabilities (at June 30, 2024) 339,988 902,002 750,316 101,732 (a) Other costs for the three months ended June 30, 2024, included costs related to strategic review and one-off consulting fees related to corporate structures and operating systems of $2.5 million and costs related to internal reorganization of $1.3 million . (b) Unallocated corporate expenses primarily consist of costs associated with centralized Group functions including Group executive, legal, finance, tax and treasury services. Summarized financial information for the three months ended June 30, 2023, is as follows: 2023 Nigeria SSA Latam MENA Total $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 Revenues from external customers 364,592 123,393 48,344 9,875 546,204 Segment Adjusted EBITDA* 219,445 62,933 35,330 5,384 323,092 Reconciliation of information on reportable segments to the amounts reported in the financial statements: Segment Adjusted EBITDA* 323,092 Finance costs (note 10)* (1,369,052) Depreciation and amortization (note 6 and 7) (116,494) Impairment of withholding tax receivables (note 7) (13,349) Share‑based payment expense (note 7) (3,628) Other costs (a) (2,673) Impairment of property, plant and equipment, intangibles assets excluding goodwill and related prepaid land rent (note 6) (935) Net loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment (note 7) (168) Business combination costs (note 7) (27) Other non-operating income 28 Insurance claims 133 Finance income (note 9) 8,373 Unallocated corporate expenses (b) (38,385) Loss before income tax* (1,213,085) Additions of property, plant and equipment, right of use assets and intangible assets: - through business combinations — — — — - in the normal course of business 137,078 25,209 56,214 5,485 Segment assets (at June 30, 2023)* 1,584,845 1,542,837 2,074,469 178,333 Segment liabilities (at June 30, 2023)* 914,230 838,874 633,811 111,541 *Revised to reflect an adjustment related to the accounting treatment of foreign exchange on goods in transit in Nigeria (see note 28). (a) Other costs for the three months ended June 30, 2023, included one-off consulting fees related to corporate structures and operating systems of $1.2 million and other one-off consulting services of $1.0 million. (b) Unallocated corporate expenses primarily consist of costs associated with centralized Group functions including Group executive, legal, finance, tax and treasury services. Revenue from two tier one customers represents approximately 10% or more of the Group’s total revenue as follows: Three months ended Six months ended June 30, June 30, June 30, June 30, 2024 2023 2024 2023 $’000 $’000 Customer A 61 % 61 % 60 % 59 % Customer B 16 % 18 % 16 % 17 % |