of $379,763, offset by insurance expense amortization of $463,980, legal and accounting expenses of $397,266, listing fees of $175,357, formation and operating costs of $72,777, advertising and marketing expenses of $12,233 and administrative expenses of $2,759.
For the period from July 7, 2021 (inception) through December 31, 2021, we had a net loss of $145,610. Net loss is comprised primarily of formation, general and administrative costs of $29,471, legal and accounting services of $86,660, insurance expense of $27,440, and advertising and marketing expense of $2,400, offset by unrealized gains and interest income of $361.
Liquidity, Capital Resources and Going Concern
Until the consummation of our initial public offering, our only source of liquidity was an initial purchase of founder shares by our sponsor for $25,000 and a $228,080 loan from our sponsor which has been repaid in full as of December 31, 2021.
On December 13, 2021, we consummated our initial public offering of 11,500,000 units, at $10.00 per unit, which included the full exercise by the underwriters of their over-allotment option in the amount of 1,500,000 units, generating gross proceeds of $115,000,000.
Simultaneously with the closing of our initial public offering, we completed the private sale of an aggregate of 6,850,000 private placement warrants to our sponsor at a purchase price of $1.00 per private placement warrant, generating gross proceeds of $6,850,000.
A total of $117,300,000 of the proceeds from our initial public offering and the sale of the private placement warrants was placed in a U.S.-based trust account at J.P. Morgan Chase Bank, N.A. maintained by Continental, acting as trustee.
Transaction costs of our initial public offering amounted to $6,822,078, consisting of $2,300,000 of underwriting discount, $4,025,000 of deferred underwriting discount, and $497,078 of actual offering costs. Of these amounts, $302,696 was allocated to the public warrants and charged against additional paid-in capital and $6,519,382 were allocated to Class A ordinary shares, reducing the initial carrying amount of such shares.
For the year ended December 31, 2022, net cash used in operating activities was $37,262. Net income of $567,541 was adjusted by interest earned and unrealized earnings on marketable securities held in the trust account of $379,763 and a $225,040 decrease in operating assets and liabilities.
For the period from July 7, 2021 (inception) through December 31, 2021, net cash used in operating activities was $69,559. Net loss of $145,610 was adjusted by unrealized earnings on marketable securities held in trust account of $99 and a $76,150 increase in operating assets and liabilities.
As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, we had marketable securities held in the trust account of $118,992,274 and $117,300,361, respectively (including approximately $1,691,913 and $361 of interest income and unrealized gains, respectively), consisting of securities held in a money market fund that invests in U.S. Treasury securities with a maturity of 185 days or less.
As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, we had cash of $436,972 and $1,760,884 held outside the trust account, respectively. We intend to use the funds held outside the trust account primarily to identify and evaluate target businesses, perform business due diligence on prospective target businesses, travel to and from the offices, plants or similar locations of prospective target businesses or their representatives or owners, review corporate documents and material agreements of prospective target businesses, and structure, negotiate and complete a business combination.
We may need to raise additional funds in order to meet the expenditures required for operating our business prior to our initial business combination. We expect to incur significant costs related to identifying a target business, undertaking in-depth due diligence and negotiating an initial business combination. These conditions raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern for a period of time within one year from the date that the financial statements are issued. In order to fund working capital deficiencies or finance transaction costs in connection with an intended initial business combination, our sponsor or an affiliate of our sponsor or certain of our officers and directors may, but are not obligated to, loan us funds as may be required. If we complete our initial business combination, we may repay such loaned amounts out of the proceeds of the trust account released to us. In the event that our initial business combination does not close, we may use a portion of the working capital held outside the trust account to repay such loaned