Segments | 14. SEGMENTS The Company’s products and operations are managed and reported in two operating segments: Fire Safety and Oil Additives. The Company’s Fire Safety segment produces a range of firefighting products, and offers a range of associated equipment and services, across fire retardant and firefighting foam applications. The Company’s Oil Additives segment develops, manufactures, blends, markets and supplies a range of high-quality lubricant additives used in the production of organophosphate insecticides, flotation chemicals, pharmaceutical cleaning applications and developing battery technology. Interest income, interest expense, other income (expense) and certain corporate operating expenses are neither allocated to the segments nor included in the measures of segment performance by the chief operating decision-maker (“CODM”). The corporate category is not considered to be a segment. The CODM is the Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”). The Company’s CODM uses net sales and adjusted EBITDA to assess the ongoing performance of the Company’s business segments and to allocate resources. The Company defines adjusted EBITDA as earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, as adjusted on a consistent basis for certain non-recurring or unusual items in a balanced manner and on a segment basis. These non-recurring or unusual items may include acquisition and integration related costs, management fees and other non-recurring items. In addition, management uses adjusted EBITDA for business planning purposes and as a significant component in the calculation of performance-based compensation for management and other employees. The Company has reported adjusted EBITDA because management believes it provides transparency to investors and enables period-to-period comparability of financial performance. Adjusted EBITDA is a financial measure that is not required by, or presented in accordance with, U.S. GAAP. Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered as an alternative to net income (loss), the most directly comparable financial measure calculated and reported in accordance with U.S. GAAP, or any other financial measure reported in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The following table presents net sales and Adjusted EBITDA for each reportable segment for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands): Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 2020 2021 2020 Segment Net Sales by Product Line: Fire safety $ 172,445 $ 151,083 $ 237,256 $ 213,916 Oil additives 22,969 23,176 79,204 69,842 Total net sales as reported $ 195,414 $ 174,259 $ 316,460 $ 283,758 Adjusted EBITDA: Fire Safety $ 97,854 $ 86,640 $ 116,680 $ 102,805 Oil additives 2,496 5,591 17,919 17,236 Total adjusted EBITDA $ 100,350 $ 92,231 $ 134,599 $ 120,041 See below for a reconciliation of total reportable segment profit (loss), to consolidated net income (loss) before income taxes (in thousands): Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 Fire Safety Oil Additives Total Operating income (loss) $ 82,413 $ ( 2,002 ) $ 80,411 Other income (expense) ( 8,415 ) ( 1,350 ) ( 9,765 ) Net income (loss) before income taxes $ 73,998 $ ( 3,352 ) $ 70,646 Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 Fire Safety Oil Additives Total Operating income (loss) $ 74,818 $ 1,136 $ 75,954 Other income (expense) ( 7,879 ) 1,521 ( 6,358 ) Net income (loss) before income taxes $ 66,939 $ 2,657 $ 69,596 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 Fire Safety Oil Additives Total Operating income (loss) $ 68,568 $ 4,569 $ 73,137 Other income (expense) ( 26,130 ) ( 4,224 ) ( 30,354 ) Net income (loss) before income taxes $ 42,438 $ 345 $ 42,783 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 Fire Safety Oil Additives Total Operating income (loss) $ 67,711 $ 4,449 $ 72,160 Other income (expense) ( 30,178 ) ( 197 ) ( 30,375 ) Net income (loss) before income taxes $ 37,533 $ 4,252 $ 41,785 See below for a reconciliation of adjusted EBITDA, the non-GAAP financial measure, from net income (loss), the most directly comparable financial measure calculated and reported in accordance with U.S. GAAP (in thousands): Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 Fire Safety Oil Additives Total Net income (loss) $ 53,819 $ ( 1,810 ) $ 52,009 Income tax (benefit) expense 20,179 ( 1,542 ) 18,637 (Loss) income before income taxes 73,998 ( 3,352 ) 70,646 Depreciation and amortization 10,754 4,458 15,212 Interest and financing expense 7,795 270 8,065 Restructuring charges 3,855 — 3,855 Loss on contingent earnout — — — Management fees 313 — 313 Deferred future payments 625 — 625 Unrealized foreign currency loss 514 1,120 1,634 Adjusted EBITDA $ 97,854 $ 2,496 $ 100,350 Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 Fire Safety Oil Additives Total Net income (loss) $ 51,453 $ 1,177 $ 52,630 Income tax expense 15,486 1,480 16,966 Income before income taxes 66,939 2,657 69,596 Depreciation and amortization 10,263 4,329 14,592 Interest and financing expense 8,363 881 9,244 Restructuring charges 418 27 445 Management fees 344 — 344 Deferred future payments 625 — 625 Unrealized foreign currency gain ( 312 ) ( 2,303 ) ( 2,615 ) Adjusted EBITDA $ 86,640 $ 5,591 $ 92,231 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 Fire Safety Oil Additives Total Net income (loss) $ 30,402 $ ( 770 ) $ 29,632 Income tax expense 12,036 1,115 13,151 Income before income taxes 42,438 345 42,783 Depreciation and amortization 32,283 13,310 45,593 Interest and financing expense 22,368 1,583 23,951 Restructuring charges 12,805 — 12,805 Loss on contingent earnout 2,763 — 2,763 Management fees 937 — 937 Deferred future payments 1,875 — 1,875 Unrealized foreign currency loss 1,211 2,681 3,892 Adjusted EBITDA $ 116,680 $ 17,919 $ 134,599 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 Fire Safety Oil Additives Total Net income $ 27,771 $ 2,772 $ 30,543 Income tax expense 9,762 1,480 11,242 Income before income taxes 37,533 4,252 41,785 Depreciation and amortization 30,673 12,698 43,371 Interest and financing expense 30,982 2,512 33,494 Restructuring charges 651 39 690 Management fees 969 — 969 Deferred future payments 2,500 — 2,500 Unrealized foreign currency gain ( 503 ) ( 2,265 ) ( 2,768 ) Adjusted EBITDA $ 102,805 $ 17,236 $ 120,041 Net Sales by geographical region is as follows (in thousands): Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 2020 2021 2020 United States $ 154,896 $ 156,692 $ 251,999 $ 246,675 Canada 18,124 2,879 21,800 5,551 Germany 5,889 5,427 18,802 13,922 Other foreign countries 16,505 9,261 23,859 17,610 Total net sales $ 195,414 $ 174,259 $ 316,460 $ 283,758 Property, plant and equipment, net by geographical area consisted of the following (in thousands): September 30, 2021 December 31, 2020 United States $ 29,761 $ 29,155 Canada 3,271 3,403 Germany 11,781 13,487 Other foreign countries 3,683 2,190 Total property, plant and equipment, net $ 48,496 $ 48,235 |