UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
| x | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | ||||
| For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023 | |||||
OR
| ¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | ||||
| For the transition period from to | |||||
Commission file number 001-04321
TPG Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| Delaware | 87-2063362 | ||||||||||
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | ||||||||||
| 301 Commerce Street, | Suite 3300 | 76102 | |||||||||
| Fort Worth, | TX | (Zip Code) | |||||||||
(817) 871-4000
Registrant's telephone number, including area code
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered | ||||||
| Class A common stock | TPG | The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC | ||||||
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
| Large accelerated filer | ¨ | Accelerated filer | ¨ | |||||||||||
| Non-accelerated filer | x | Smaller reporting company | ¨ | |||||||||||
| Emerging growth company | ¨ | |||||||||||||
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No x
As of November 3, 2023, there were 72,337,600 shares of the registrant’s Class A common stock, 8,258,901 shares of the registrant’s nonvoting Class A common stock and 228,652,641 shares of the registrant’s Class B common stock outstanding.
1
Table of Contents
| Page | ||||||||
| Part I. Financial Information | ||||||||
| Item 1. | ||||||||
| Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | ||||||||
| Item 3. | ||||||||
| Item 6. | ||||||||
2
Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This report may contain forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements can be identified by words such as “anticipates,” “intends,” “plans,” “seeks,” “believes,” “estimates,” “expects” and similar references to future periods, or by the inclusion of forecasts or projections. Examples of forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements we make regarding the outlook for our future business and financial performance, estimated operational metrics, business strategy and plans and objectives of management for future operations, including, among other things, statements regarding the expected growth, future capital expenditures, fund performance, dividends and dividend policy and debt service obligations, such as those contained in “Item 2.—Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”
Forward-looking statements are based on our current expectations and assumptions regarding our business, the economy and other future conditions. Because forward-looking statements relate to the future, by their nature, they are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict. As a result, our actual results may differ materially from those contemplated by the forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements include the inability to recognize the anticipated benefits of the acquisition of Angelo, Gordon & Co., L.P. and AG Funds L.P. (collectively, “Angelo Gordon”); purchase price adjustments; unexpected costs related to the integration of the Angelo Gordon business and operations; our ability to manage growth and execute our business plan; and regional, national or global political, economic, business, competitive, market and regulatory conditions, including, but not limited to, those described in “Item 1A.—Risk Factors” herein and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 (our “Annual Report”) filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on February 24, 2023, as such factors may be updated from time to time in our periodic filings with the SEC, which are accessible on the SEC’s website at https://www.sec.gov, and “Item 2.—Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”
For the reasons described above, we caution you against relying on any forward-looking statements, which should also be read in conjunction with the other cautionary statements that are included elsewhere in this report. Any forward-looking statement made by us in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q speaks only as of the date on which we make it. Factors or events that could cause our actual results to differ may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict all of them. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise, except as may be required by law.
Website and Social Media Disclosure
We use our website (https://www.tpg.com), Rise website (https://therisefund.com), Microsites (https://software.tpg.com, https://healthcare.tpg.com), LinkedIn (https://www.linkedin.com/company/tpg-capital), Twitter (https://twitter.com/tpg), Vimeo (https://vimeo.com/user52190696), Rise YouTube (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCo8p2iF_I5p-Wr2_MQlzedw/featured) and Rise Instagram (https://www.instagram.com/therisefund/?hl=en) accounts as channels of distribution of company information. The information we post through these channels may be deemed material. Accordingly, investors should monitor these channels, in addition to following our press releases, SEC filings and public conference calls and webcasts. In addition, you may automatically receive email alerts and other information about TPG when you enroll your email address by visiting the “Email Alerts” section of our website at https://shareholders.tpg.com. The contents of our website, any alerts and social media channels are not, however, a part of this report.
3
TERMS USED IN THIS REPORT
As used in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, unless the context otherwise requires, references to:
•“TPG,” “the Company,” “we,” “our,” and “us,” or like terms, refer to TPG Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries taken as a whole.
•“Class A common stock” refers to Class A common stock of TPG Inc., which entitles the holder to one vote per share. When we use the term “Class A common stock” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we are referring exclusively to such voting Class A common stock and not to “nonvoting Class A common stock.”
•“Class B common stock” refers to Class B common stock of TPG Inc., which entitles the holder to ten votes per share until the Sunset but carries no economic rights.
•“Common Unit” refers to a common unit in each of the TPG Operating Group partnerships (or, depending on the context, a common unit in a TPG Operating Group partnership).
•“Control Group” refers to David Bonderman, James G. (“Jim”) Coulter and Jon Winkelried.
•“Excluded Assets” refers to the assets and economic entitlements transferred to RemainCo listed in Schedule A to the master contribution agreement entered into in connection with the Reorganization (as defined herein), which primarily include (i) minority interests in certain sponsors unaffiliated with TPG, (ii) the right to certain performance allocations in TPG funds, (iii) certain co-invest interests and (iv) cash.
•“Founders” refers to David Bonderman and James G. (“Jim”) Coulter.
•“GP LLC” refers to TPG GP A, LLC, the owner of the general partner of TPG Group Holdings.
•“Investor Rights Agreement” refers to the investor rights agreement, dated January 12, 2022, among TPG Inc., TPG Operating Group I, L.P., TPG Operating Group II, L.P., TPG Operating Group III, L.P., TPG Group Holdings (SBS), L.P., TPG New Holdings, LLC, TPG Partner Holdings, L.P., the Other TPG Feeder Partnerships, the Limited Partners and the Investors.
•“IPO” refers to our initial public offering of Class A common stock of TPG Inc. that was completed on January 18, 2022.
•“nonvoting Class A common stock” refers to the nonvoting Class A common stock of TPG Inc., which has no voting rights and is convertible into shares of Class A common stock upon transfer to a third party as and when permitted by the Investor Rights Agreement.
•“Pre-IPO Investors” refers to certain sovereign wealth funds, other institutional investors and certain other parties that entered into a strategic relationship with us prior to the Reorganization.
•“Public SPACs” refers to TPG Pace Beneficial Finance Corp., TPG Pace Beneficial II Corp. and AfterNext HealthTech Acquisition Corp.
•“RemainCo” refers to, collectively, Tarrant Remain Co I, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership, Tarrant Remain Co II, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership, and Tarrant Remain Co III, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership, which owns the Excluded Assets, and Tarrant Remain Co GP, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company serving as their general partner.
•“Sunset” refers to the event that will occur on the date that a majority of the independent directors are elected at the first annual meeting of stockholders (or pursuant to a consent of stockholders in lieu thereof) after the earlier of (i) the earliest date specified in a notice delivered to the Company by GP LLC and its members pursuant to that certain GP LLC limited liability company agreement promptly following the earliest of: (a) the date that is three months after the date that neither Founder continues to be a member of GP LLC, (b) a vote of GP LLC to trigger the Sunset and (c) upon 60-days advance notice, the date determined by either Founder who is then a member of the Control Group to trigger the Sunset, if, following a period of at least 60
4
days, the requisite parties are unable to agree on the renewal of Mr. Winkelried’s employment agreement or the selection of a new CEO in the event that Mr. Winkelried ceases to serve as our CEO, and (ii) the first day of the quarter immediately following the fifth anniversary of the IPO.
•“TPG general partner entities” refers to certain entities that (i) serve as the general partner of certain TPG funds and (ii) are, or historically were, consolidated by TPG Group Holdings.
•“TPG Group Holdings” refers to TPG Group Holdings (SBS), L.P., a Delaware limited partnership that is considered our predecessor for accounting purposes and is a TPG Partner Vehicle and direct owner of certain Common Units and Class B common stock.
•“TPG Operating Group” refers (i) for periods prior to giving effect to the Reorganization, to the TPG Operating Group partnerships and their respective consolidated subsidiaries and (ii) for periods beginning after giving effect to the Reorganization, (A) to the TPG Operating Group partnerships and their respective consolidated subsidiaries and (B) not to RemainCo.
•“TPG Operating Group partnerships” refers to TPG Operating Group I, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership formerly named TPG Holdings I, L.P., TPG Operating Group II, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership formerly named TPG Holdings II, L.P., and TPG Operating Group III, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership formerly named TPG Holdings III, L.P.
•“TPG Partner Holdings” refers to TPG Partner Holdings, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership, which is a TPG Partner Vehicle that indirectly owns substantially all of the economic interests of TPG Group Holdings, a TPG Partner Vehicle.
•“TPG Partner Vehicles” refers to, collectively, the vehicles through which the Founders and current and former TPG partners (including such persons’ related entities and estate planning vehicles) hold their equity in the TPG Operating Group, including TPG Group Holdings and TPG Partner Holdings.
In addition, for definitions of “Gross IRR,” “Net IRR,” “Gross MoM” and related terms, see “Item 2.—Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Net Accrued Performance Allocations—Fund Performance Metrics.”
5
PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements (unaudited)
TPG Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition (unaudited)
(dollars in thousands, except share data)
| September 30, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | ||||||||||
| Assets | |||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 1,224,484 | $ | 1,107,484 | |||||||
Restricted cash(1) | 13,328 | 13,166 | |||||||||
| Due from affiliates | 209,941 | 202,639 | |||||||||
Investments (includes assets pledged of $502,005 and $475,110 as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively(1)) | 5,308,316 | 5,329,868 | |||||||||
| Other assets | 626,968 | 629,392 | |||||||||
Assets of consolidated Public SPACs(1): | |||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | — | 5,097 | |||||||||
| Assets held in Trust Accounts | — | 653,635 | |||||||||
| Other assets | — | 457 | |||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 7,383,037 | $ | 7,941,738 | |||||||
| Liabilities, Redeemable Equity and Equity | |||||||||||
| Liabilities | |||||||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued expenses | $ | 259,850 | $ | 98,171 | |||||||
| Due to affiliates | 169,903 | 139,863 | |||||||||
Debt obligations(1) | 443,822 | 444,566 | |||||||||
| Accrued performance allocation compensation | 3,245,268 | 3,269,889 | |||||||||
| Other liabilities | 224,967 | 226,090 | |||||||||
Liabilities of consolidated Public SPACs(1): | |||||||||||
| Derivative liabilities | — | 667 | |||||||||
| Deferred underwriting | — | 22,750 | |||||||||
| Other liabilities | — | 236 | |||||||||
| Total liabilities | 4,343,810 | 4,202,232 | |||||||||
| Commitments and contingencies (Note 12) | |||||||||||
Redeemable equity attributable to consolidated Public SPACs(1) | — | 653,635 | |||||||||
| Equity | |||||||||||
Class A common stock $0.001 par value, 2,340,000,000 shares authorized (80,587,371 and 79,240,058 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively) | 80 | 79 | |||||||||
Class B common stock $0.001 par value, 750,000,000 shares authorized (228,652,641 and 229,652,641 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively) | 229 | 230 | |||||||||
| Preferred stock, $0.001 par value, 25,000,000 shares authorized (0 issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively) | — | — | |||||||||
| Additional paid-in-capital | 542,398 | 506,639 | |||||||||
| Retained (deficit) earnings | (7,564) | 2,724 | |||||||||
| Other non-controlling interests | 2,504,084 | 2,576,199 | |||||||||
| Total equity | 3,039,227 | 3,085,871 | |||||||||
| Total liabilities, redeemable equity and equity | $ | 7,383,037 | $ | 7,941,738 | |||||||
_________________
(1)The Company’s consolidated total assets and liabilities as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 include assets and liabilities of variable interest entities (“VIEs”). The assets can be used only to satisfy obligations of the VIEs, and the creditors of the VIEs have recourse only to these assets, and not to TPG Inc. These amounts include the assets and liabilities of consolidated Public SPACs, restricted cash, assets pledged of securitization vehicles, secured borrowings of securitization vehicles, and redeemable equity of consolidated Public SPACs. See Notes 2, 7, 8 and 10 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
6
TPG Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (unaudited)
(dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fees and other | $ | 366,149 | $ | 333,496 | $ | 1,004,723 | $ | 896,456 | |||||||||||||||
| Capital allocation-based (loss) income | (205,794) | 227,628 | 402,051 | 667,096 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | 160,355 | 561,124 | 1,406,774 | 1,563,552 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Compensation and benefits: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash-based compensation and benefits | 123,160 | 116,753 | 359,278 | 348,751 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Equity-based compensation | 136,650 | 143,149 | 449,109 | 474,200 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Performance allocation compensation | (120,770) | 149,495 | 272,648 | 374,607 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total compensation and benefits | 139,040 | 409,397 | 1,081,035 | 1,197,558 | |||||||||||||||||||
| General, administrative and other | 101,596 | 95,533 | 311,013 | 275,468 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 7,701 | 7,372 | 24,227 | 24,629 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | 7,792 | 5,737 | 23,728 | 15,106 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Expenses of consolidated Public SPACs: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 81 | 567 | 1,053 | 2,547 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total expenses | 256,210 | 518,606 | 1,441,056 | 1,515,308 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Investment income (loss) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) from investments: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net (losses) gains from investment activities | (4,203) | 1,907 | 11,459 | (90,845) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest, dividends and other | 10,994 | 2,407 | 28,948 | 3,393 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Investment income of consolidated Public SPACs: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized gains on derivative liabilities of Public SPACs | 750 | 3,235 | 667 | 11,715 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest, dividends and other | 1,846 | 3,571 | 7,692 | 4,540 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total investment income (loss) | 9,387 | 11,120 | 48,766 | (71,197) | |||||||||||||||||||
| (Loss) income before income taxes | (86,468) | 53,638 | 14,484 | (22,953) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Income tax expense | 8,244 | 432 | 33,511 | 23,534 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net (loss) income | (94,712) | 53,206 | (19,027) | (46,487) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss attributable to redeemable equity in Public SPACs prior to Reorganization and IPO | — | — | — | (517) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to other non-controlling interests prior to Reorganization and IPO | — | — | — | 966 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to TPG Group Holdings prior to Reorganization and IPO | — | — | — | 5,256 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to redeemable equity in Public SPACs | 5,148 | 7,322 | 12,044 | 13,203 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests in TPG Operating Group | (49,556) | (6,898) | (100,354) | (140,679) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net (loss) income attributable to other non-controlling interests | (64,971) | 15,422 | 2,366 | 6,499 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to TPG Inc. subsequent to Reorganization and IPO | $ | 14,667 | $ | 37,360 | $ | 66,917 | $ | 68,785 | |||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) per share data: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) available to Class A common stock per share | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | 0.14 | $ | 0.44 | $ | 0.73 | $ | 0.82 | |||||||||||||||
| Diluted | $ | (0.09) | $ | 0.09 | $ | (0.08) | $ | (0.16) | |||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average shares of Class A common stock outstanding | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | 80,617,057 | 79,266,822 | 80,223,076 | 79,249,528 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Diluted | 309,269,698 | 308,919,463 | 309,201,724 | 308,902,169 | |||||||||||||||||||
See accompanying notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
7
TPG Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity (unaudited)
(dollars in thousands, except share data)
| Shares of TPG Inc. | TPG Inc. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Class A Common Stock | Class B Common Stock | Class A Common Stock, at par value | Class B Common Stock, at par value | Additional Paid-In Capital | Retained Earnings (Deficit) | Total TPG Inc. Equity | Other Non-Controlling Interests | Total Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at June 30, 2023 | 80,511,475 | 228,652,641 | $ | 80 | $ | 229 | $ | 531,512 | $ | (3,663) | $ | 528,158 | $ | 2,601,375 | $ | 3,129,533 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | — | — | — | — | — | 14,667 | 14,667 | (114,527) | (99,860) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity-based compensation | — | — | — | — | 9,988 | — | 9,988 | 127,909 | 137,897 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Capital contributions | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1,307 | 1,307 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dividends/distributions | — | — | — | — | — | (18,568) | (18,568) | (123,061) | (141,629) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in redemption value of redeemable non-controlling interest | — | — | — | — | 799 | — | 799 | 11,468 | 12,267 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares issued for net settlement of equity-based awards | 75,896 | — | 0 | — | 0 | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Withholding taxes paid on net settlement of equity-based awards | — | — | — | — | (8) | — | (8) | (22) | (30) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deferred tax effects resulting from changes in equity | — | — | — | — | (258) | — | (258) | — | (258) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity reallocation between controlling and non-controlling interest | — | — | — | — | 365 | — | 365 | (365) | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at September 30, 2023 | 80,587,371 | 228,652,641 | $ | 80 | $ | 229 | $ | 542,398 | $ | (7,564) | $ | 535,143 | $ | 2,504,084 | $ | 3,039,227 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares of TPG Inc. | TPG Inc. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Class A Common Stock | Class B Common Stock | Class A Common Stock, at par value | Class B Common Stock, at par value | Additional Paid-In Capital | Retained Earnings (Deficit) | Total TPG Inc. Equity | Other Non-Controlling Interests | Total Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at June 30, 2022 | 79,240,058 | 229,652,641 | $ | 79 | $ | 230 | $ | 489,293 | $ | (4,789) | $ | 484,813 | $ | 2,579,225 | $ | 3,064,038 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income subsequent to Reorganization and IPO | — | — | — | — | — | 37,360 | 37,360 | 8,524 | 45,884 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares issued for equity-based awards | — | — | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity-based compensation | — | — | — | — | 8,160 | — | 8,160 | 135,999 | 144,159 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Capital contributions | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 5,741 | 5,741 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dividends/distributions | — | — | — | — | — | (32,112) | (32,112) | (128,131) | (160,243) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in redemption value of redeemable non-controlling interest | — | — | — | — | 1,259 | — | 1,259 | 15,764 | 17,023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at September 30, 2022 | 79,240,058 | 229,652,641 | $ | 79 | $ | 230 | $ | 498,712 | $ | 459 | $ | 499,480 | $ | 2,617,122 | $ | 3,116,602 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See accompanying notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
8
TPG Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity (unaudited)
(dollars in thousands, except share data)
| Shares of TPG Inc. | TPG Inc. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Class A Common Stock | Class B Common Stock | Class A Common Stock, at par value | Class B Common Stock, at par value | Additional Paid-In Capital | Retained Earnings (Deficit) | Total TPG Inc. Equity | Other Non-Controlling Interests | Total Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2022 | 79,240,058 | 229,652,641 | $ | 79 | $ | 230 | $ | 506,639 | $ | 2,724 | $ | 509,672 | $ | 2,576,199 | $ | 3,085,871 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | — | — | — | — | — | 66,917 | 66,917 | (97,988) | (31,071) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity-based compensation | — | — | — | — | 28,408 | — | 28,408 | 419,758 | 448,166 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Capital contributions | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 10,069 | 10,069 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dividends/distributions | — | — | — | — | — | (77,205) | (77,205) | (417,144) | (494,349) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in redemption value of redeemable non-controlling interest | — | — | — | — | 1,457 | — | 1,457 | 25,971 | 27,428 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares issued for net settlement of equity-based awards | 347,313 | — | 0 | — | 0 | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Withholding taxes paid on net settlement of equity-based awards | — | — | — | — | (1,672) | — | (1,672) | (4,846) | (6,518) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deferred tax effects resulting from changes in equity | — | — | — | — | (1,454) | — | (1,454) | — | (1,454) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exchange of Common Units to TPG Inc. Class A Common stock | 1,000,000 | (1,000,000) | 1 | (1) | 1,085 | — | 1,085 | — | 1,085 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity reallocation between controlling and non-controlling interest | — | — | — | — | 7,935 | — | 7,935 | (7,935) | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at September 30, 2023 | 80,587,371 | 228,652,641 | $ | 80 | $ | 229 | $ | 542,398 | $ | (7,564) | $ | 535,143 | $ | 2,504,084 | $ | 3,039,227 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See accompanying notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
9
TPG Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity (unaudited)
(dollars in thousands, except share data)
| Shares of TPG Inc. | TPG Inc. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Partners' Capital | Class A Common Stock | Class B Common Stock | Class A Common Stock, at par value | Class B Common Stock, at par value | Additional Paid-In Capital | Retained Earnings (Deficit) | Total TPG Inc. Equity | Other Non-Controlling Interests | Total Partners' Capital/ Equity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2021 | $ | 1,606,593 | — | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 4,654,821 | $ | 6,261,414 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income prior to Reorganization and IPO | 5,256 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 966 | 6,222 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in redemption value of redeemable non-controlling interest prior to Reorganization and IPO | (110) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | (407) | (517) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Effect of Reorganization and purchase of units in the Partnership | (1,611,739) | 48,984,961 | 229,652,641 | 49 | 230 | 271,780 | (27) | 272,032 | 1,341,603 | 1,896 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock in IPO, net of underwriting discount and issuance costs | — | 28,310,194 | — | 28 | — | 784,611 | — | 784,639 | (25,426) | 759,213 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Purchase of Partnership Interests with IPO proceeds | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | (379,597) | (379,597) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock from Underwriters' exercise of over-allotment option, net of underwriting discount and issuance costs | — | 1,775,410 | — | 2 | — | 49,754 | — | 49,756 | — | 49,756 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity reallocation between controlling and non-controlling interests prior to Reorganization and IPO | — | — | — | — | — | (654,129) | — | (654,129) | 654,129 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Acquisition of NewQuest | — | — | — | — | — | 33,584 | — | 33,584 | (33,584) | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deferred tax effect resulting from purchase of Class A Units, net of amounts payable under Tax Receivable Agreement | — | — | — | — | — | (13,232) | — | (13,232) | — | (13,232) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liability-based performance allocation compensation | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | (3,525,767) | (3,525,767) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) subsequent to Reorganization and IPO | — | — | — | — | — | — | 68,785 | 68,785 | (134,180) | (65,395) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares issued for equity-based awards | — | 169,493 | — | 0 | — | 1,088 | — | 1,088 | (901) | 187 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity-based compensation subsequent to Reorganization and IPO | — | — | — | — | — | 23,891 | — | 23,891 | 456,753 | 480,644 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Capital contributions subsequent to Reorganization and IPO | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 9,464 | 9,464 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dividends/distributions | — | — | — | — | — | — | (68,299) | (68,299) | (422,130) | (490,429) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in redemption value of redeemable non-controlling interest subsequent to Reorganization and IPO | — | — | — | — | — | 1,365 | — | 1,365 | 21,378 | 22,743 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at September 30, 2022 | $ | — | 79,240,058 | 229,652,641 | $ | 79 | $ | 230 | $ | 498,712 | $ | 459 | $ | 499,480 | $ | 2,617,122 | $ | 3,116,602 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See accompanying notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
10
TPG Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited)
(dollars in thousands)
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||||||||
| Operating activities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | $ | (19,027) | $ | (46,487) | |||||||||||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Equity-based compensation | 449,109 | 474,200 | |||||||||||||||
| Performance allocation compensation | 272,648 | 374,607 | |||||||||||||||
| Net gains (losses) from investment activities | (11,459) | 90,845 | |||||||||||||||
| Capital allocation-based income | (402,051) | (667,096) | |||||||||||||||
| Other non-cash activities | 48,711 | 34,897 | |||||||||||||||
| Unrealized gains on derivative liabilities of Public SPACs | (667) | (11,715) | |||||||||||||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Purchases of investments | (206,406) | (71,115) | |||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from investments | 650,989 | 1,066,905 | |||||||||||||||
| Due from affiliates | (13,546) | (24,900) | |||||||||||||||
| Other assets | (15,769) | (21,574) | |||||||||||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued expenses | 161,787 | 112,857 | |||||||||||||||
| Due to affiliates | (16,170) | 14,059 | |||||||||||||||
| Accrued performance allocation compensation | (298,900) | (531,133) | |||||||||||||||
| Other liabilities | (25,643) | (12,607) | |||||||||||||||
| Changes related to consolidated Public SPACs: | |||||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | 5,097 | (911) | |||||||||||||||
| Assets held in Trust Accounts | 653,635 | (3,422) | |||||||||||||||
| Other assets | 457 | 18,340 | |||||||||||||||
| Other liabilities | (237) | (7,151) | |||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | 1,232,558 | 788,599 | |||||||||||||||
| Investing activities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Repayments of notes receivable from affiliates | — | 14,937 | |||||||||||||||
| Advances on notes receivable from affiliates | — | (15,500) | |||||||||||||||
| Purchases of fixed assets | (10,539) | (2,329) | |||||||||||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | (10,539) | (2,892) | |||||||||||||||
| Financing activities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of common stock in IPO, net of underwriting and issuance costs | — | 770,865 | |||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of common stock from underwriters' exercise of over-allotment option, net of underwriting and issuance costs | — | 49,756 | |||||||||||||||
| Purchase of partnership interests with IPO proceeds | — | (379,597) | |||||||||||||||
| Reorganization activities | — | 2,124 | |||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from debt obligations | 150,000 | 30,000 | |||||||||||||||
| Repayment of debt obligations | (150,000) | (30,000) | |||||||||||||||
| Deferred borrowing costs | (900) | — | |||||||||||||||
| Withholding taxes paid on net settlement of equity-based awards | (6,518) | — | |||||||||||||||
| Contributions from holders of other non-controlling interests | 10,069 | 4,247 | |||||||||||||||
| Distributions to holders of other non-controlling interests prior to Reorganization and IPO | — | (318,942) | |||||||||||||||
| Dividends/Distributions | (446,507) | (478,958) | |||||||||||||||
| Distributions to partners prior to Reorganization and IPO | — | (355,282) | |||||||||||||||
| Changes related to TPG Funds and Public SPACs: | |||||||||||||||||
| Redemption of redeemable equity | (661,001) | — | |||||||||||||||
| Net cash used in financing activities | $ | (1,104,857) | $ | (705,787) | |||||||||||||
See accompanying notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
11
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||||||||
| Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | $ | 117,162 | $ | 79,920 | |||||||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period | 1,120,650 | 985,864 | |||||||||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period | $ | 1,237,812 | $ | 1,065,784 | |||||||||||||
| Supplemental disclosures of other cash flow information: | |||||||||||||||||
| Cash paid for income taxes | $ | 32,439 | $ | 36,629 | |||||||||||||
| Cash paid for interest | 17,687 | 6,550 | |||||||||||||||
| Supplemental disclosures of non-cash investing and financing activities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Deferred underwriting related to Public SPACs | 22,750 | 12,250 | |||||||||||||||
| Distributions payable to holders of other non-controlling interests | 49,072 | 11,471 | |||||||||||||||
| Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period: | |||||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 1,224,484 | $ | 1,052,612 | |||||||||||||
| Restricted cash | 13,328 | 13,172 | |||||||||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period | $ | 1,237,812 | $ | 1,065,784 | |||||||||||||
See accompanying notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
12
1. Organization
TPG Inc., along with its consolidated subsidiaries (collectively “TPG,” or the “Company”) is a leading global alternative asset manager on behalf of third-party investors under the “TPG” brand name. TPG Inc. includes the consolidated accounts of management companies, general partners of pooled investment entities and Special Purpose Acquisition Companies (“Public SPACs” and/or “SPACs”), which as of September 30, 2023 were held in one of three holding companies (TPG Operating Group I, L.P., TPG Operating Group II, L.P. and TPG Operating Group III, L.P.) (collectively the “TPG Operating Group”) and after November 1, 2023, are held directly or indirectly by TPG Operating Group II, L.P.
Reorganization and IPO
The owners of TPG Group Holdings and the TPG Operating Group completed a series of actions on January 12, 2022 as part of a corporate reorganization (the “Reorganization”), in conjunction with an initial public offering (“IPO”) that was completed on January 18, 2022. TPG Partners, LLC was created on August 4, 2021 to effectuate the IPO and acquire Common Units of the TPG Operating Group on behalf of public investors. TPG Partners, LLC was designed as a holding company, and its only business was to act as the owner of the entities serving as the general partner of the TPG Operating Group partnerships. The TPG Operating Group (and the entities through which its direct and indirect partners held their interests) was restructured and recapitalized. On December 31, 2021, the TPG Operating Group transferred certain assets to RemainCo and distributed the interests in RemainCo to the owners of the TPG Operating Group.
On January 12, 2022, the following steps were completed:
•TPG Group Holdings, the TPG Operating Group, and TPG Partners, LLC completed the remaining steps of the planned Reorganization. The TPG Operating Group created Common Units and issued them to the Company and the other non-controlling interest holders of the TPG Operating Group. Immediately following the Reorganization, the TPG Operating Group and its subsidiaries were controlled by the same parties and as such, the Reorganization is a transfer of interests under common control. Accordingly, the Company will carry forward the existing value of the members’ interests in the assets and liabilities in these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements prior to the IPO into the financial statements following the IPO.
•TPG Partners, LLC changed its name to TPG Inc. and converted to a corporation.
•TPG Inc. offered 33,900,000 shares of Class A common stock at a price of $29.50 per share, including 5,589,806 shares sold by a non-controlling interest holder of the TPG Operating Group, in the IPO. Additionally, certain Pre-IPO Investors exchanged their interests in the TPG Operating Group for interests in TPG Inc. totaling 35,136,254 Class A voting and 8,258,901 Class A non-voting common stock. The IPO closed on January 18, 2022, and TPG Inc. received proceeds totaling $770.9 million, net of $41.8 million in underwriting discounts and commissions, as well as $22.5 million of issuance costs. Proceeds of $379.6 million were used to repurchase Common Units of the TPG Operating Group from certain existing non-controlling interest holders, acquire newly issued Common Units of the TPG Operating Group and the remaining net proceeds are available for general corporate purposes. As a result of the Reorganization and IPO, TPG Inc. only holds Common Units of the TPG Operating Group.
On February 9, 2022, the Company and the selling stockholder sold an additional 1,775,410 and 1,614,590 Class A common stock, respectively, at the initial public offering price pursuant to the underwriters’ exercise of their option to purchase additional shares. TPG Inc. received additional net proceeds totaling approximately $49.8 million. The underwriters’ exercise of their option in addition to the IPO related transactions resulted in a total of 70,811,664 and 8,258,901 of Class A voting and Class A non-voting common stock outstanding, respectively.
As of September 30, 2023, TPG Inc.’s ownership of the TPG Operating Group totaled approximately 26%.
13
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements (the “Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements”) have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and reflect all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. All dollar amounts are stated in thousands unless otherwise indicated. These interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated. These interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are unaudited and have been prepared on a basis consistent with that used to prepare the audited Consolidated Financial Statements. The operating results presented for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the full year ending December 31, 2023.
The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of TPG Inc., TPG Operating Group and their consolidated subsidiaries, TPG’s management companies, the general partners of TPG funds and entities that meet the definition of a variable interest entity (“VIE”) for which the Company is considered the primary beneficiary.
All of the management fees and other amounts earned from the consolidated Public SPACs are eliminated in consolidation. In addition, the equivalent expense amounts recorded by the consolidated Public SPACs are also eliminated, with such reduction of expenses allocated to controlling interest holders. Accordingly, the consolidation of these entities has no net effect on net income attributable to TPG Inc. or net income attributable to other non-controlling interests. The TPG funds make investments into portfolio companies which are considered affiliates due to the nature of the Company’s ownership interests.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, and the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, and investment income during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates and such differences could be material to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Principles of Consolidation
The types of entities TPG assesses for consolidation include subsidiaries, management companies, broker-dealers, general partners of investment funds, investment funds, SPACs and other entities. Each of these entities is assessed for consolidation on a case by case basis depending on the specific facts and circumstances surrounding that entity.
TPG first considers whether an entity is considered a VIE and therefore whether to apply the consolidation guidance under the VIE model. Entities that do not qualify as VIEs are assessed for consolidation as voting interest entities (“VOE”) under the voting interest model.
An entity is considered to be a VIE if any of the following conditions exist: (i) the equity investment at risk is not sufficient to finance the activities of the entity without additional subordinated financial support, (ii) as a group, the holders of the equity investment at risk lack the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance or the obligation to absorb the expected losses or right to receive the expected residual returns, and (iii) the voting rights of some holders of the equity investment at risk are disproportionate to their obligation to absorb losses or right to receive returns, and substantially all of the activities are conducted on behalf of the holder of equity investment at risk with disproportionately few voting rights. For limited partnerships, partners lack power if neither (i) a simple majority or lower threshold (including a single limited partner) with equity at risk is able to exercise substantive kick-out rights through voting interests over the general partner, nor (ii) limited partners with equity at risk are able to exercise substantive participating rights over the general partners.
14
TPG consolidates all VIEs in which it is the primary beneficiary. An entity is determined to be the primary beneficiary if it holds a controlling financial interest in a VIE. A controlling financial interest is defined as (i) the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. The consolidation guidance requires an analysis to determine (i) whether an entity in which TPG holds a variable interest is a VIE and (ii) whether TPG’s involvement, through holding interest directly or indirectly in the entity or contractually through other variable interests, would give it a controlling financial interest. Performance of that analysis requires judgment. The analysis can generally be performed qualitatively; however, if it is not readily apparent that TPG is not the primary beneficiary, a quantitative analysis may also be performed. TPG factors in all economic interests including interests held through related parties, to determine if it holds a variable interest. Fees earned by TPG that are customary and commensurate with the level of effort required for the services provided, and where TPG does not hold other economic interests in the entity that would absorb more than an insignificant amount of the expected losses or returns of the entity, would not be considered variable interests. TPG determines whether it is the primary beneficiary of a VIE at the time it becomes involved with a VIE and continuously reconsiders that conclusion when facts and circumstances change.
Entities that are determined not to be VIEs are generally considered to be VOEs and are evaluated under the voting interest model. TPG consolidates VOEs that it controls through a majority voting interest or through other means.
Investments
Investments consist of investments in private equity funds, real estate funds, hedge funds and credit funds, including our share of any performance allocations and equity method and other proprietary investments. Investments denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar are valued based on the spot rate of the respective currency at the end of the reporting period with changes related to exchange rate movements reflected in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Equity Method – Performance Allocations and Capital Interests
Investments in which the Company is deemed to have significant influence, but not control, are accounted for using the equity method of accounting except in cases where the fair value option has been elected. The Company as general partner has significant influence over the TPG funds in which it invests but does not consolidate. The Company uses the equity method of accounting for these interests whereby it records both its proportionate and disproportionate allocation of the underlying profits or losses of these entities in revenues in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. The carrying amounts of equity method investments are included in investments in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. The Company evaluates its equity method investments for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of such investments may not be recoverable. The difference between the carrying value and its estimated fair value is recognized as an impairment when the loss is deemed other than temporary.
The TPG funds are considered investment companies under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 946, Financial Services – Investment Companies (“ASC 946”). The Company, along with the TPG funds, applies the specialized accounting promulgated in ASC 946 and, as such, neither the Company nor the TPG funds consolidate wholly-owned, majority-owned and/or controlled portfolio companies. The TPG funds record all investments in the portfolio companies at fair value. Investments in publicly traded securities are generally valued at quoted market prices based upon the last sales price on the measurement date. Discounts are applied, where appropriate, to reflect restrictions on the marketability of the investment.
When observable prices are not available for investments, the general partners use the market and income approaches to determine fair value. The market approach consists of utilizing observable market data, such as current trading or acquisition multiples of comparable companies, and applying it to key financial metrics, such as earnings before interest, depreciation and taxes, of the portfolio company. The comparability of the identified set of comparable companies to the portfolio company, among other factors, is considered in the application of the market approach.
15
The general partners, depending on the type of investment or stage of the portfolio company’s lifecycle, may also utilize a discounted cash flow analysis, an income approach, in combination with the market approach in determining fair value of investments. The income approach involves discounting projected cash flows of the portfolio company at a rate commensurate with the level of risk associated with those cash flows. In accordance with ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement (“ASC 820”) market participant assumptions are used in the determination of the discount rate.
In applying valuation techniques used in the determination of fair value, the general partners assume a reasonable period of time for liquidation of the investment and take into consideration the financial condition and operating results of the underlying portfolio company, the nature of the investment, restrictions on marketability, market conditions, foreign currency exposures and other factors. In determining the fair value of investments, the general partners exercise significant judgment and use the best information available as of the measurement date. Due to the inherent uncertainty of valuations, the fair values reflected in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements may differ materially from values that would have been used had a readily available market existed for such investments and may differ materially from the values that may ultimately be realized.
Equity Method Investments – Other
The Company holds non-controlling, limited partnership interests in certain other partnerships in which it has significant influence over their operations. The Company uses the equity method of accounting for these interests whereby it records its proportionate share of the underlying income or losses of these entities in net gains (losses) from investment activities in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. The carrying amounts of equity method investments are included in investments in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. The Company evaluates its equity method investments for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of such investments may not be recoverable. The difference between the carrying value and its estimated fair value is recognized as an impairment when the loss is deemed other than temporary and recorded in net gains (losses) from investment activities within the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Equity Method – Fair Value Option
The Company elects the fair value option for certain investments that would otherwise be accounted for using the equity method of accounting. Such election is irrevocable and is applied on an investment-by-investment basis at initial recognition. The fair value of such investments is based on quoted prices in an active market. Changes in the fair value of these equity method investments are recognized in net gains (losses) from investment activities in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Equity Investments
The Company holds non-controlling ownership interests in which it does not have significant influence over their operations. The Company records such investments at fair value when there is a readily determinable fair value. For certain nonpublic partnerships without readily determinable fair values, the Company has elected to measure those investments at cost, less any impairment, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer. Impairment is evaluated when significant changes occur that may impact the investee in an adverse manner. Impairment, if any, is recognized in net gains (losses) from investment activities in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Non-Controlling Interests
Non-controlling interests consists of ownership interests held by third-party investors in certain entities that are consolidated, but not 100% owned. The aggregate of the income or loss and corresponding equity that is not owned by the Company is included in non-controlling interests in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. Allocation of income to non-controlling interest holders is based on the respective entities’ governing documents.
16
Revenues
Revenues consisted of the following (in thousands):
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Management fees | $ | 278,965 | $ | 252,647 | $ | 787,464 | $ | 670,306 | |||||||||||||||
| Monitoring fees | 2,387 | 3,826 | 7,577 | 11,370 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Transaction fees | 29,227 | 11,776 | 46,502 | 54,285 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Incentive fees | — | 350 | — | 5,183 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Expense reimbursements and other | 55,570 | 64,897 | 163,180 | 155,312 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total fees and other | 366,149 | 333,496 | 1,004,723 | 896,456 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Performance allocations | (200,079) | 223,311 | 377,974 | 635,784 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Capital interests | (5,715) | 4,317 | 24,077 | 31,312 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total capital allocation-based (loss) income | (205,794) | 227,628 | 402,051 | 667,096 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | $ | 160,355 | $ | 561,124 | $ | 1,406,774 | $ | 1,563,552 | |||||||||||||||
Fees and Other
Fees and other are accounted for as contracts with customers under ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”). The guidance for contracts with customers provides a five-step framework that requires the Company to (i) identify the contract with a customer, (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (iii) determine the transaction price, (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract and (v) recognize revenue when the Company satisfies its performance obligations. In determining the transaction price, the Company includes variable consideration only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized would not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved.
17
| Revenue Streams | Customer | Performance Obligations satisfied over time or point in time(a) | Variable or Fixed Consideration | Revenue Recognition | Classification of Uncollected Amounts(b) | ||||||||||||
| Management Fees | TPG funds, limited partners and other vehicles | Asset management services are satisfied over time (daily) because the customer receives and consumes the benefits of the advisory services daily | Consideration is variable since over time the management fee varies based on fluctuations in the basis of the calculation of the fee | Management fees are recognized each reporting period based on the value provided to the customer for that reporting period | Due from affiliates – unconsolidated VIEs | ||||||||||||
| Monitoring Fees | Portfolio companies | In connection with the investment advisory services provided, the Company earns monitoring fees for providing oversight and advisory services to certain portfolio companies over time | Consideration is variable when based on fluctuations in the basis of the calculation of the fee Consideration is fixed when based on a fixed agreed-upon amount | Monitoring fees are recognized each reporting period based on the value provided to the customer for that reporting period | Due from affiliates – portfolio companies | ||||||||||||
| Transaction Fees | Portfolio companies, third-parties and other vehicles | The company provides advisory services, debt and equity arrangements, and underwriting and placement services for a fee at a point in time | Consideration is fixed and is based on a point in time | Transaction fees are recognized on or shortly after the transaction is completed | Due from affiliates – portfolio companies Other assets - other | ||||||||||||
| Incentive Fees | TPG funds and other vehicles | Investment management services performed over a period of time that result in achievement of minimum investment return levels | Consideration is variable since incentive fees are contingent upon the TPG Fund or vehicles achieving more than the stipulated investment threshold return | Incentive fees are recognized at the end of the performance measurement period if the investment performance is achieved | Due from affiliates – unconsolidated VIEs | ||||||||||||
Expense Reimbursements and other | TPG funds, portfolio companies and third-parties | Expense reimbursements incurred at a point in time relate to providing investment, management and monitoring services. Other revenue is performed over time. | Expense reimbursements and other are fixed consideration | Expense reimbursements and other are recognized as the expenses are incurred or services are rendered | Due from affiliates – portfolio companies and unconsolidated VIEs Other assets – other | ||||||||||||
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(a)There were no significant judgments made in evaluating when a customer obtains control of the promised service for performance obligations satisfied at a point in time.
(b)See Note 10 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for amounts classified in due from affiliates.
Management Fees
The Company provides investment management services to the TPG funds, limited partners and other vehicles in exchange for a management fee. Management fees are determined quarterly based on an annual rate and are generally based upon a percentage of the capital committed or capital invested during the investment period. Thereafter, management fees are generally based on a percentage of actively invested capital or as otherwise defined in the respective management agreements. Since some of the factors that cause management fees to fluctuate are outside of the Company’s control, management fees are considered constrained and are not included in the transaction price until the uncertainty relating to the constraint is subsequently resolved. After the contract is established, management does not make any significant judgments in determining the transaction price.
Under the terms of the management agreements with certain TPG funds, the Company is required to reduce management fees payable by funds by an agreed upon percentage of certain fees, including monitoring and transaction fees earned from portfolio companies. These amounts are generally applied as a reduction of the management fee that is otherwise billed to the investment fund and are recorded as a reduction of revenues in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, these amounts totaled $0.7 million and $1.7 million, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, these amounts totaled $1.2 million and $11.1 million, respectively. Amounts payable to investment funds are recorded in due to affiliates in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. See Note 10 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Management fees earned generally range from 0.50% to 2.00% of committed capital during the commitment period and from 0.25% to 2.00% of actively invested capital after the commitment period or at an annual rate of fund gross assets, as defined in the respective partnership agreements of the TPG funds. Management fees charged to consolidated Public SPACs are eliminated in consolidation.
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Monitoring Fees
The Company provides monitoring services to certain portfolio companies in exchange for a fee, which is recognized over time as services are rendered. After the monitoring contract is established, there are no significant judgments made in determining the transaction price.
Transaction Fees
The Company provides capital structuring and other advice to portfolio companies, third parties and other vehicles generally in connection with debt and equity arrangements, as well as underwriting and placement services for a fee at a point in time when the underlying advisory services rendered are complete. Transaction fees are separately negotiated for each transaction and are generally based on the underlying transaction value. After the contract is established, management makes no significant judgments when determining the transaction price.
Incentive Fees
The Company provides investment management services to certain TPG funds and other vehicles in exchange for a management fee as discussed above and, in some cases, an incentive fee when the Company is not entitled to performance allocations, as further discussed below. Incentive fees are considered variable consideration as these fees are subject to reversal, and therefore the recognition of such fees is deferred until the end of the measurement period when the performance-based incentive fees become fixed and determinable. After the contract is established, there are no significant judgments made when determining the transaction price.
Expense Reimbursements and Other
In providing investment management and advisory services to TPG funds and monitoring services to the portfolio companies, TPG routinely contracts for services from third parties. In situations where the Company is viewed, for accounting purposes only, as having incurred these third-party costs on behalf of the TPG funds or portfolio companies, the cost of such services is presented net as a reduction of the Company’s revenues. In all other situations, the expenses and related reimbursements associated with these services are presented on a gross basis, which are classified as part of the Company’s expenses, and reimbursements of such costs are classified as expense reimbursements within revenues in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. After the contract is established, there are no significant judgments made when determining the transaction price.
Capital Allocation-Based Income (Loss)
Capital allocation-based income (loss) is earned from the TPG funds when the Company has a general partner’s capital interest and is entitled to a disproportionate allocation of investment income (referred to hereafter as “performance allocations”). The Company records capital allocation-based income (loss) under the equity method of accounting assuming the fund was liquidated as of each reporting date pursuant to each TPG fund’s governing agreements. Accordingly, these general partner interests are accounted for outside of the scope of ASC 606.
Other arrangements surrounding contractual incentive fees through an advisory contract are separate and distinct and accounted for in accordance with ASC 606. In these incentive fee arrangements, the Company’s economics in the entity do not involve an allocation of capital. See discussion above regarding “Incentive Fees”.
Performance allocations are allocated to the general partners based on cumulative fund performance as of each reporting date, and after specified investment returns to the funds’ limited partners are achieved. At the end of each reporting period, the TPG funds calculate and allocate the performance allocations that would then be due to the general partner for each TPG fund, pursuant to the TPG fund governing agreements, as if the fair value of the underlying investments were realized as of such date, irrespective of whether such amounts have been realized. As the fair value of underlying investments (and the investment returns to the funds’ limited partners) varies between reporting periods, it is necessary to make adjustments to amounts recorded as performance allocations to reflect either (i) positive performance resulting in an increase in the performance allocations allocated to the general partner or (ii) negative performance that would cause the amount due to the general partner to be less than the amount previously recognized, resulting in a negative adjustment to performance allocations allocated to the general partner. In each case, performance allocations are calculated
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on a cumulative basis and cumulative results are compared to amounts previously recorded with a current period adjustment, positive or negative, recorded.
The Company ceases to record negative performance allocations once previously recognized performance allocations for a TPG fund have been fully reversed, including realized performance allocations. The general partner is not obligated to make payments for guaranteed returns or hurdles of a fund and, therefore, cannot have negative performance allocations over the life of a fund. Accrued but unpaid performance allocations as of the reporting date are reflected in investments in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. Performance allocations received by the general partners of the respective TPG funds are subject to clawback to the extent the performance allocations received by the general partner exceed the amount the general partner is ultimately entitled to receive based on cumulative fund results. Generally, the actual clawback liability does not become due until eighteen months after the realized loss is incurred; however, individual fund terms vary. For disclosures at September 30, 2023 related to clawback, see Note 12 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. Revenue related to performance allocations for consolidated TPG funds is eliminated in consolidation.
The Company earns management fees, incentive fees and capital allocation-based income (loss) from investment funds and other vehicles whose primary focus is making investments in specified geographical locations and earns transaction and monitoring fees from portfolio companies located in varying geographies.
Investment Income
Income from equity method investments
The carrying value of equity method investments in proprietary investments where the Company exerts significant influence is generally determined based on the amounts invested, adjusted for the equity in earnings or losses of the investee allocated based on the Company’s ownership percentage, less distributions and any impairment. The Company records its proportionate share of investee’s equity in earnings or losses based on the most recently available financial information, which in certain cases may lag the date of TPG’s financial statements by up to three calendar months. Income from equity method investments is recorded in net gains (losses) from investment activities on the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Income from equity method investments for which the fair value option was elected
Income from equity method investments for which the fair value option was elected includes realized gains and losses from the sale of investments, and unrealized gains and losses from changes in the fair value during the period as a result of quoted prices in an active market. Discounts are applied, where appropriate, to reflect restrictions on the marketability of the investment. Income from equity method investments for which the fair value option was elected is recorded in net gains (losses) from investment activities on the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Income from equity investments
Income from equity investments, which represent investments held through equity securities of an investee that the Company does not hold significant influence over, includes realized gains from the sale of investments and unrealized gains and losses result from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer. Income from equity investments is recorded in net gains (losses) from investment activities on the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Unrealized gains (losses) from derivative liabilities of Public SPACs
Unrealized gains (losses) from derivative liabilities of Public SPACs includes unrealized gains and losses from changes in fair value of warrants and forward purchase agreements (“FPAs”).
Interest, dividends and other
Interest income is recognized as earned. Dividend income is recognized by the Company on the ex-dividend date, or in the absence of a formal declaration, on the date it is received.
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Compensation and Benefits
Cash-based compensation and benefits includes (i) salaries and wages, (ii) benefits and (iii) discretionary cash bonuses. Bonuses are accrued over the service period to which they relate.
Compensation expense related to the issuance of equity-based awards is measured at grant-date fair value. Compensation expense for awards that vest over a future service period is recognized over the relevant service period on a straight-line basis. Compensation expense for awards that do not require future service is recognized immediately. Compensation expense for awards that contain both market and service conditions is based on grant-date fair value that factors in the probability that the market conditions will be achieved and is recognized on a tranche by tranche basis using the accelerated attribution method. The requisite service period for those awards is the longer of the explicit service period and the derived service period. Compensation expense for awards that contain both performance and service conditions is recognized, if the Company deems it probable that the performance condition will be met, over the longer of the implicit or explicit service period. Compensation expense for awards to recipients with retirement eligibility provisions (allowing such recipient to continue vesting upon departure from TPG) is either expensed immediately or amortized to the retirement eligibility date. The Company recognizes equity-based award forfeitures in the period they occur as a reversal of previously recognized compensation expense.
Performance allocation compensation expense and accrued performance allocation compensation is the portion of performance allocations that TPG allocates to certain of its employees and certain other advisors of the Company. Performance allocations due to our partners and professionals are accounted for as compensation expense in conjunction with the recognition of the related performance allocations and, until paid, are recognized as accrued performance allocation compensation. Accordingly, upon a reversal of performance allocations, the related compensation expense, if any, is also reversed.
Net Income (Loss) Per Share of Class A Common Stock
Basic income (loss) per share of Class A common stock is calculated by dividing net income (loss) attributable to TPG Inc. by the weighted-average shares of Class A common stock, unvested participating shares of Class A common stock outstanding for the period and vested deferred restricted shares of Class A common stock that have been earned for which issuance of the related shares of Class A common stock is deferred until future periods. Diluted income (loss) per share of Class A Common Stock reflects the impact of all dilutive securities. Unvested participating shares of common stock are excluded from the computation in periods of loss as they are not contractually obligated to share in losses.
The Company applies the treasury stock method to determine the dilutive weighted-average common shares represented by the unvested restricted stock units. The Company applies the if-converted method to the TPG Operating Group partnership units to determine the dilutive impact, if any, of the exchange right included in the TPG Operating Group partnership units.
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash
Cash and cash equivalents include cash on deposit with banks and other short-term investments with an initial maturity of 90 days or less. Restricted cash balances relate to cash balances reserved for the payment of interest on the Company’s secured borrowings.
Cash and Cash Equivalents Held by Consolidated Public SPACs
Cash and cash equivalents held by consolidated Public SPACs represent cash and cash equivalents that are held by consolidated Public SPACs and are not available to fund the general liquidity needs of the Company.
Assets Held in Trust Accounts
Proceeds from equity issued by certain consolidated Public SPACs had been deposited into trust accounts (“Trust Accounts”) and could only be utilized for specific purposes. Therefore, such cash and investments are reported separately in assets held in Trust Accounts on the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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As of September 30, 2023, TPG Pace Beneficial II Corp. (“YTPG”) had no assets held in Trust Accounts and held no cash. As of December 31, 2022, YTPG assets held in Trust Accounts were deposited into a non-interest-bearing U.S. based account. On April 17, 2023, YTPG used these funds to redeem all of its outstanding Class A ordinary shares, par value $0.0001 (the “YTPG Class A Ordinary Shares”). See Note 10 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
As of September 30, 2023, AfterNext HealthTech Acquisition Corp. (“AFTR”) had no assets held in Trust Accounts and held no cash. As of December 31, 2022, AFTR assets held in Trust Accounts were invested in money market funds meeting certain conditions under Rule 2a-7 under the Investment Company Act, which invest only in direct U.S. government treasury obligations. On August 16, 2023, AFTR used these funds to redeem its outstanding Class A ordinary shares, par value $0.0001 (the “AFTR Class A Ordinary Shares”). See Note 10 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Derivative Liabilities of Public SPACs
Financial derivative assets and liabilities related to our consolidated Public SPACs’ investment activities consist of warrant liabilities and forward purchase agreements.
The Company recognizes these derivative instruments as assets or liabilities at fair value in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. Changes in the fair value of derivative contracts entered into by the Company are included in current period earnings. These derivative contracts are not designated as hedging instruments for accounting purposes.
These derivatives were agreements in which a consolidated Public SPAC and a counterparty agreed to exchange cash flows based on agreed-upon terms. As a result of the derivative transaction, the Company was exposed to the risk that counterparties would have failed to fulfill their contractual obligations. To mitigate such counterparty risk, the applicable Public SPAC only entered into contracts with major financial institutions, all of which had investment grade ratings. Counterparty credit risk is evaluated in determining the fair value of the derivative instruments. In the normal course of business, the Company incurs commitments and is exposed to risks resulting from its investment and financing transactions, including derivative instruments. The value of a derivative instrument is based upon an underlying instrument. These instruments are subject to various risks similar to non-derivative instruments including market, credit, liquidity, performance and operational risks. The Company manages these risks on an aggregate basis as part of its risk management policies and as such, does not distinguish derivative income or loss from any other category of instruments for financial statement presentation purposes. The leverage inherent in the Company’s derivative instruments increases the sensitivity of the Company’s earnings to market changes. Notional amounts often are used to express the volume of these transactions, but the amounts potentially subject to risk are much smaller. The Company routinely evaluates its contractual arrangements to determine whether embedded derivatives exist. Embedded derivatives are separated from the host contract and accounted for separately if the economic characteristics and risks of the host contract and the embedded derivative are not closely related, if a separate instrument with the same terms as the embedded derivative would meet the definition of a derivative and if the combined instrument is not measured at fair value through profit or loss.
For derivative contracts where an enforceable master netting agreement is in place, the Company has elected to offset derivative assets and liabilities, as well as cash that may have been received or pledged, as part of collateral arrangements with the respective counterparty in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. The master netting agreements provide the Company and the counterparty the right to liquidate collateral and the right to offset each other’s obligations in the event of default by either party.
Certain of the Company’s consolidated Public SPACs issued public warrants and FPAs in conjunction with their IPO. The Company accounts for warrants and FPAs of the consolidated Public SPAC’s ordinary shares that are not indexed to its own stock as liabilities at fair value on the balance sheet. These warrants and FPAs are subject to remeasurement at each balance sheet date and any change in fair value is recognized in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. For issued or modified warrants that meet all of the criteria for equity classification, the warrants are required to be recorded as a component of additional paid-in capital at the time of issuance. For issued or modified warrants and FPAs that do not meet all the criteria for equity classification, the warrants and FPAs are required to be recorded as a liability at their initial fair value on the date of issuance, and each balance sheet date thereafter. Changes in the estimated fair value of the warrants and FPAs are recognized as a non-cash gain or loss on the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Fair Value Measurement
ASC 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes and ranks the level of observability of inputs used to measure the investments at fair value. The observability of inputs is impacted by a number of factors, including the type of investment, characteristics specific to the investment, market conditions and other factors. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level I measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level III measurements).
Investments with readily available quoted prices or for which fair value can be measured from quoted prices in active markets will typically have a higher degree of input observability and a lesser degree of judgment applied in determining fair value.
The three levels of the fair value hierarchy under ASC 820 are as follows:
Level I – Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical investments at the measurement date are used. The types of investment generally included in Level I are publicly listed equities, debt and securities sold, not yet purchased.
Level II – Pricing inputs are other than quoted prices included within Level I that are observable for the investment, either directly or indirectly. Level II pricing inputs include quoted prices for similar investments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar investments in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the investment, and inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means. The types of investments generally included in Level II are restricted securities listed in active markets, corporate bonds and loans.
Level III – Pricing inputs are unobservable and include situations where there is little, if any, market activity for the investment. The inputs used in determination of fair value require significant judgment and estimation. The types of investments generally included in Level III are privately held debt and equity securities.
In some cases, the inputs used to measure fair value might fall within different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the investment is categorized in its entirety is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the investment. Assessing the significance of a particular input to the valuation of an investment in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the investment. The categorization of an investment within the hierarchy is based upon the pricing transparency of the investment and does not necessarily correspond to the perceived risk of that investment.
In certain instances, an investment that is measured and reported at fair value may be transferred into or out of Level I, II, or III of the fair value hierarchy.
In certain cases, debt and equity securities are valued on the basis of prices from an orderly transaction between market participants provided by reputable dealers or pricing services. In determining the value of a particular investment, pricing services may use certain information with respect to transactions in such investments, quotations from dealers, pricing matrices, market transactions in comparable investments and various relationships between investments. When a security is valued based on dealer quotes, the Company subjects those quotes to various criteria in making the determination as to whether a particular investment would qualify for treatment as a Level II or Level III investment. Some of the factors considered include the number and quality of quotes, the standard deviations of the observed quotes and the corroboration of the quotes to independent pricing services.
Level III investments may include common and preferred equity securities, corporate debt, and other privately issued securities. When observable prices are not available for these securities, one or more valuation techniques (e.g., the market approach and/or the income approach) for which sufficient and reliable data is available are used. Within Level III, the use of the market approach generally consists of using comparable market transactions or other data, while the use of the income approach generally utilizes the net present value of estimated future cash flows, adjusted, as appropriate, for liquidity, credit, market and other risk factors. Due to the inherent uncertainty of these valuations, the fair values reflected in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements may differ materially from values that would have been used had a readily available market for the investments existed and may differ materially from the values that may
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ultimately be realized. The period of time over which the underlying assets of the investments will be liquidated is unknown.
Financial Instruments
Financial assets and financial liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Except for secured borrowings, the fair value of the Company’s assets and liabilities, including our senior unsecured term loan, which qualify as financial instruments under ASC 820, approximates the carrying amounts represented in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements due to their short-term nature and in the case of our senior unsecured term loan due to its variable rate nature. See Note 8 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Due From and Due To Affiliates
The Company considers current and former limited partners of funds and employees, including their related entities, entities controlled by the Company’s Founders but not consolidated by the Company, portfolio companies of TPG funds, and unconsolidated TPG funds to be affiliates (“Affiliates”). Receivables from and payables to affiliates are recorded at their expected settlement amount in due from and due to affiliates in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of acquired identifiable net tangible and intangible assets. Goodwill is not amortized. Goodwill is reviewed for impairment at least annually utilizing a qualitative or quantitative approach, and more frequently if circumstances indicate impairment may have occurred. The impairment testing for goodwill under the qualitative approach is based first on a qualitative assessment to determine if it is more likely than not that the fair value of the Company’s reporting unit is less than its respective carrying value. If it is determined that it is more likely than not that a reporting unit’s fair value is less than its carrying value, the Company performs a quantitative analysis. When the quantitative approach indicates an impairment, an impairment loss is recognized to the extent by which the carrying value exceeds the fair value, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill. As of September 30, 2023, we believe it is more likely than not that the fair value of our reporting unit exceeds its carrying value.
Intangible Assets
The Company’s intangible assets consist of the fair value of its interests in future promote of certain funds and the fair value of acquired investor relationships representing the fair value of management fees earned from existing investors in future funds. Finite-lived intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives, which range from five to twelve years, and are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the intangible asset may not be recoverable. Amortization expense is included in depreciation and amortization expense in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Operating Leases
At contract inception, the Company determines if an arrangement contains a lease by evaluating whether (i) an identified asset has been deployed in a contract explicitly or implicitly and (ii) the Company obtains substantially all the economic benefits from the use of that underlying asset and directs how and for what purpose the asset is used during the term of the contract. Additionally, at contract inception the Company will evaluate whether the lease is an operating or finance lease. Right-of use (“ROU”) assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and operating lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of the lease payments over the lease term. To the extent these payments are fixed or determinable, they are included as part of the lease payments used to measure the lease liability. The Company’s ROU assets are recognized as the initial measurement of the lease liabilities plus any initial direct costs and any prepaid lease payments less lease incentives received, if any. The lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease which are accounted for when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. As the discount rate implicit to the lease is not readily determinable, incremental borrowing rates of the Company were used. The incremental borrowing rates are based on the information available including, but not
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limited to, collateral assumptions, the term of the lease, and the economic environment in which the lease is denominated at the commencement date.
The Company elected the package of practical expedients provided under the guidance. The practical expedient package applies to leases commenced prior to the adoption of the new standard and permits companies not to reassess whether existing or expired contracts are or contain a lease, the lease classification, and any initial direct costs for any existing leases. The Company has elected to not separate the lease and non-lease components within the contract. Therefore, all fixed payments associated with the lease are included in the ROU asset and the lease liability. These costs often relate to the fixed payments for a proportionate share of real estate taxes, common area maintenance and other operating costs in addition to a base rent. Any variable payments related to the lease are recorded as lease expense when and as incurred. The Company has elected this practical expedient for all lease classes. The Company did not elect the hindsight practical expedient. The Company has elected the short-term lease expedient. A short-term lease is a lease that, as of the commencement date, has a lease term of 12 months or less and does not include an option to purchase the underlying asset that the lessee is reasonably certain to exercise. For such leases, the Company will not apply the recognition requirements of ASC Topic 842, Leases (“ASC 842”) and instead will recognize the lease payments as lease cost on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Additionally, the Company elected the practical expedient which allows an entity to not reassess whether any existing land easements are or contain leases.
The Company’s leases primarily consist of operating leases for real estate, which have remaining terms of 1 to 10 years. Some of those leases include options to extend for additional terms ranging from 2 to 10 years. The Company’s other leases, including those for office equipment, vehicles, and aircrafts, are not significant. Additionally, the Company’s leases do not contain restrictions or covenants that restrict the Company from incurring other financial obligations. The Company also does not provide any residual value guarantees for the leases or have any significant leases that have yet to be commenced. From time to time, the Company enters into certain sublease agreements that have terms similar to the remaining terms of the master lease agreements between TPG and the landlord. Sublease income is recorded as an offset to general, administrative and other in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term and is recorded within general, administrative and other in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (see Note 11 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements).
Redeemable Equity from Consolidated Public SPACs
Redeemable equity from consolidated Public SPACs represents the shares issued by the Company’s consolidated Public SPACs that are redeemable for cash by the public shareholders in the event of an election to redeem by individual public shareholders at the time of the business combination. The Company accounts for redeemable equity in accordance with ASC Topic 480-10-S99, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (“ASC 480”), which states redemption provisions not solely within the control of the Company require ordinary shares subject to redemption to be classified outside of permanent equity. The redeemable non-controlling interests are initially recorded at their original issuance price and are subsequently allocated their proportionate share of the underlying gains or losses of the Public SPACs. The Company adjusts the redeemable equity to full redemption value on a quarterly basis.
If a Public SPAC is unable to complete a business combination within the time period required by its governing documents, this equity becomes redeemable and is reclassified out of redeemable equity and into Public SPAC current redeemable equity in accordance with ASC 480 as the Public SPAC prepares for dissolution.
Income Taxes
As a result of the Reorganization, the Company is treated as a corporation for U.S. federal and state income tax purposes. The Company is subject to U.S. federal and state income taxes, in addition to local and foreign income taxes, with respect to our allocable share of taxable income generated by the TPG Operating Group partnerships. Prior to the Reorganization and the IPO, the Company was treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes and therefore was not subject to U.S. federal and state income taxes except for certain consolidated subsidiaries that were subject to taxation in the U.S. (federal, state and local) and foreign jurisdictions as a result of their entity classification for tax reporting purposes. The provision for income taxes in the historical Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements consists of U.S. (federal, state and local) and foreign income taxes with respect to certain consolidated subsidiaries.
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Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for future tax consequences attributable to temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the periods in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the period in which the enactment date occurs.
Under ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes, a valuation allowance is established when management believes it is more likely than not that a deferred tax asset will not be realized. The realization of deferred tax assets is dependent on the amount of our future taxable income. When evaluating the realizability of deferred tax assets, all evidence (both positive and negative) is considered. This evidence includes, but is not limited to, expectations regarding future earnings, future reversals of existing temporary tax differences and tax planning strategies.
Tax laws are complex and subject to different interpretations by the taxpayer and respective governmental taxing authorities. Significant judgment is required in determining tax expense and in evaluating tax positions including evaluating uncertainties. The Company reviews its tax positions quarterly and adjusts its tax balances as new information becomes available. The Company recognizes interest and penalties relating to unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense (benefit) within the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In June 2022, the FASB issued Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) 2022-03, Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions (“ASU 2022-03”) which (1) clarifies the guidance in ASC 820 on the fair value measurement of an equity security that is subject to a contractual sale restriction and (2) requires specific disclosures related to such an equity security. Under current guidance, stakeholders have observed diversity in practice related to whether contractual sale restrictions should be considered in the measurement of the fair value of equity securities that are subject to such restrictions. The amendments in ASU 2022-03 should be applied to equity securities with a contract containing a sale restriction that is executed or modified on or after the adoption date. For equity securities with a contract containing a sale restriction that was executed before the adoption date, companies should continue to apply the historical accounting policy for measuring such securities until the contractual restriction expires or is modified. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The Company’s adoption of ASU 2022-03 on a prospective basis beginning January 1, 2023 did not have a material impact to its Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
On October 9, 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-06, Disclosure Improvements: Codification Amendments in Response to the SEC’s Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative, which amends the disclosure or presentation requirements related to various subtopics in the FASB Accounting Standards Codification (the “Codification”). The ASU was issued in response to the SEC’s August 2018 final rule that updated and simplified disclosure requirements that the SEC believed were “redundant, duplicative, overlapping, outdated, or superseded.” The new guidance is intended to align U.S. GAAP requirements with those of the SEC and to facilitate the application of U.S. GAAP for all entities. The effective date for each amendment will be the date on which the SEC’s removal of that related disclosure requirement from Regulation S-X or Regulation S-K becomes effective, with early adoption prohibited. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2023-06 to have a material impact on its Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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3. Acquisitions
Angelo Gordon Acquisition
On November 1, 2023, the Company and certain of its affiliated entities (the “TPG Parties”) completed the acquisition (the “Transaction”) of Angelo, Gordon & Co., L.P., AG Funds L.P. and AG Partners, L.P. (collectively, “Angelo Gordon”) and certain of their affiliated entities (together with Angelo Gordon, the “Angelo Gordon Parties”), an alternative investment firm focused on credit and real estate investing, pursuant to the terms and conditions set forth in the Transaction Agreement (as amended, the “Transaction Agreement”), dated as of May 14, 2023, by and among the TPG Parties and Angelo Gordon Parties.
The aggregate amount payable in connection with the Transaction consists of approximately (i) $728.0 million in cash, subject to certain adjustments; (ii) 53.0 million million Common Units (and an equal number of shares of Class B common stock), subject to certain adjustments; (iii) 8.4 million RSUs that, subject to the terms and conditions of the RSUs, will settle in shares of Class A common stock, subject to certain adjustments; (iv) rights to an amount of cash, payable in up to three payments of up to $50.0 million each, reflecting an aggregate of up to $150.0 million; and (v) rights to an earnout payment of up to $400.0 million in value (the “Earnout Payment”), subject to the satisfaction of certain fee-related revenue targets during the period beginning on January 1, 2026 and ending on December 31, 2026. The Earnout Payment is payable, at the Company’s election, subject to certain limitations set forth in the Transaction Agreement, in cash, Common Units (and an equal number of shares of Class B common stock), or a combination thereof.
The Company will account for the Transaction using the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations, with the Company acting as the accounting acquirer. The Company will account for the Transaction in its financial statements for the year-ended December 31, 2023, subject to subsequent adjustments for any provisional amounts through the measurement period limited to one year from the acquisition date. Given the recent closing, the purchase accounting analysis is ongoing.
The Class B common stock to be issued in connection with the Transaction, including in connection with the Earnout Payment, will be issued upon effectiveness of certain amendments to the Company’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation. Pursuant to the amended and restated exchange agreement, dated as of November 1, 2023, entered into in connection with the consummation of the Transaction, the number of Common Units that may be exchanged into cash or Class A common stock is limited to those representing 19.99% of the Class A common stock, nonvoting Class A common stock of TPG and Class B common stock outstanding immediately prior to the closing of the Transaction until at least 20 calendar days after the Company mails a definitive Schedule 14C Information Statement with respect to the required approval by the Company’s stockholders in accordance with Nasdaq Rule 5635(a).
NewQuest Acquisition
In January 2022, the Company completed its acquisition of the remaining 33.3% interest in NewQuest Holdings (Cayman) Limited (“NQ Manager”) in exchange for equity interests in the Company, which consisted of 1,638,866 shares of Class A common stock and 1,072,998 Common Units of the TPG Operating Group. All of the granted equity interests are subject to a three-year service vesting condition and as such, will be recognized on a straight-line basis as post-combination compensation expense. The effect of the acquisition was a reallocation of equity between controlling and non-controlling interest of $33.6 million. This transaction was an acquisition under common control in which no gain or loss was recognized.
For additional information on the NewQuest acquisition, see Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in the Company’s Annual Report.
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4. Investments
Investments consist of the following (in thousands):
| September 30, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | ||||||||||
| Equity method - performance allocations | $ | 4,624,932 | $ | 4,677,017 | |||||||
Equity method - capital interests (includes assets pledged of $502,005 and $475,110) | 626,077 | 607,964 | |||||||||
| Equity method - fair value option | 39,018 | 20,907 | |||||||||
| Equity method - other | 11,880 | 11,908 | |||||||||
| Equity investments | 6,409 | 12,072 | |||||||||
| Total investments | $ | 5,308,316 | $ | 5,329,868 | |||||||
Net gains (losses) from performance allocations and capital interests are disclosed in the Revenue section of Note 2 to the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. The following table summarizes net gains (losses) from investment activities (in thousands):
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net gains (losses) from investment activities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net (losses) gains of equity method investments, fair value option | $ | (2,182) | $ | 1,680 | $ | 18,111 | $ | (25,259) | |||||||||||||||
| Net (losses) gains of equity method investments - other | (181) | (23) | (990) | 924 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net (losses) gains from equity investments | (1,840) | 250 | (5,662) | (66,510) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total net (losses) gains from investment activities | $ | (4,203) | $ | 1,907 | $ | 11,459 | $ | (90,845) | |||||||||||||||
Equity Method Investments, Fair Value Option
As of September 30, 2023, the Company held a 6.1% beneficial ownership interest in Nerdy Inc. (“NRDY”), consisting of 10.5 million shares of Class A common stock, with an aggregate fair value of $39.0 million. In September 2023, the Company exchanged, in a non-cash transaction, 4.9 million warrants for 1.2 million shares of Class A common stock in NRDY and surrendered 2.4 million Class A earnout shares for cancellation, with the remaining 1.6 million Class A earnout shares no longer being subject to forfeiture. As of December 31, 2022, the Company held a 9.0% beneficial ownership interest in NRDY, consisting of 7.7 million shares of Class A common stock, 4.0 million Class A earnout shares and 4.9 million warrants, with an aggregate fair value of $20.9 million.
Equity Method Investments
The Company evaluates its equity method investments in which it has not elected the fair value option for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of such investments may not be recoverable. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company did not recognize any impairment losses on an equity method investment without a readily determinable fair value.
Equity Investments
Equity investments represent proprietary investment securities held by the Company. At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company held equity investments with readily determinable fair values of $6.4 million and $12.1 million, respectively.
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5. Derivative Instruments
The consolidated Public SPACs enter into derivative contracts in connection with their proprietary trading activities, including warrants and FPAs, which meet the definition of a derivative in accordance with ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”). As a result of the use of derivative contracts, the consolidated Public SPACs are exposed to the risk that counterparties will fail to fulfill their contractual obligations and are exposed to the volatility of the underlying instruments. These warrants and FPAs are included in derivative liabilities of Public SPACs on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company did not hold any FPAs.
As of September 30, 2023, the Company held no warrants. As of December 31, 2022, the fair value of the warrants totaled $0.7 million.
There were no related offsets or cash collateral pledged or received for the warrants as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recorded unrealized gains on warrants totaling $0.8 million and $0.7 million, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recorded unrealized gains on warrants and FPAs totaling $3.2 million and $11.7 million, respectively.
Net gains (losses) on derivative instruments are included in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations as unrealized gains (losses) on derivative liabilities of Public SPACs. The following are net gains recognized on derivative instruments of Public SPACs (in thousands):
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized gains, net on public warrants | $ | 750 | $ | 2,630 | $ | 667 | $ | 10,329 | |||||||||||||||
| Unrealized gains, net on forward purchase agreements | — | 605 | — | 1,386 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net gains on derivative instruments | $ | 750 | $ | 3,235 | $ | 667 | $ | 11,715 | |||||||||||||||
6. Fair Value Measurement
The following tables summarize the valuation of the Company’s Level I financial assets and liabilities that fall within the fair value hierarchy (in thousands):
| September 30, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | ||||||||||
| Assets | |||||||||||
| Equity method investments - fair value option | $ | 39,018 | $ | 20,907 | |||||||
| Equity investments | 6,409 | 12,072 | |||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 45,427 | $ | 32,979 | |||||||
| Liabilities | |||||||||||
| Liabilities of consolidated Public SPACs: | |||||||||||
| Public warrants | $ | — | $ | 667 | |||||||
| Total liabilities | $ | — | $ | 667 | |||||||
As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company did not hold any Level II or Level III financial instruments. The valuation methodology used in the determination of the changes in fair value of financial instruments for which Level III inputs were used at September 30, 2022 included a combination of the market approach and income approach.
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The following tables summarize the changes in the fair value of financial instruments for which the Company has used Level III inputs to determine fair value (in thousands):
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Derivative liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, beginning of period | $ | — | $ | 605 | $ | — | $ | 1,386 | |||||||||||||||
| Unrealized gains, net | — | (605) | — | (1,386) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, end of period | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | |||||||||||||||
Total realized and unrealized gains and losses recorded for Level III investments are reported in unrealized gains (losses) on derivative liabilities of Public SPACs in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
7. Variable Interest Entities
TPG consolidates VIEs in which it is considered the primary beneficiary as described in Note 2 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. TPG’s investment strategies differ by TPG fund; however, the fundamental risks have similar characteristics, including loss of invested capital and loss of management fees and performance allocations. The Company does not provide performance guarantees and has no other financial obligation to provide funding to consolidated VIEs other than its own capital commitments.
The assets of consolidated VIEs may only be used to settle obligations of these consolidated VIEs. In addition, there is no recourse to the Company for the consolidated VIEs’ liabilities.
The Company holds variable interests in certain VIEs which are not consolidated as it is determined that the Company is not the primary beneficiary. The Company’s involvement with such entities is in the form of direct equity interests and fee arrangements. The fundamental risks have similar characteristics, including loss of invested capital and loss of management fees and performance allocations. Accordingly, disaggregation of TPG’s involvement by type of VIE would not provide more useful information. TPG may have an obligation as general partner to provide commitments to unconsolidated VIEs. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, TPG did not provide any amounts to unconsolidated VIEs other than its obligated commitments.
The maximum exposure to loss represents the loss of assets recognized by TPG relating to non-consolidated entities and any amounts due to non-consolidated entities.
The assets and liabilities recognized in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition related to its interest in these non-consolidated VIEs and its maximum exposure to loss relating to non-consolidated VIEs were as follows (in thousands):
| September 30, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | ||||||||||
Investments (includes assets pledged of $502,005 and $475,110) | $ | 5,251,009 | $ | 5,284,981 | |||||||
| Due from affiliates | 112,064 | 88,847 | |||||||||
| VIE-related assets | 5,363,073 | 5,373,828 | |||||||||
| Potential clawback obligation | 1,772,105 | 1,869,395 | |||||||||
| Due to affiliates | 57,003 | 47,572 | |||||||||
| Maximum exposure to loss | $ | 7,192,181 | $ | 7,290,795 | |||||||
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RemainCo
In conjunction with the Reorganization described in Note 1 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, the TPG Operating Group and RemainCo entered into certain agreements to effectuate the go-forward relationship between the entities. The arrangements discussed below represent the TPG Operating Group’s variable interests in RemainCo, which do not provide the TPG Operating Group with the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact RemainCo’s performance and operations. As a result, RemainCo represents a non-consolidated VIE.
RemainCo Administrative Services Agreement
The TPG Operating Group has entered into an administrative services agreement with RemainCo whereby the TPG Operating Group provides RemainCo with certain administrative services, including maintaining RemainCo’s books and records, tax and financial reporting and similar support which began on January 1, 2022. In exchange for these services, RemainCo pays the TPG Operating Group an annual administration fee in the amount of 1% per annum of the net asset value of RemainCo’s assets, with such amount payable quarterly in advance and recorded in expense reimbursements and other within revenues in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Securitization Vehicles
Certain subsidiaries of the Company issued $250.0 million in privately placed securitization notes. The Company used one or more special purpose entities that are considered VIEs to issue notes to third-party investors in the securitization transactions.
As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the carrying amount of secured notes issued by the VIEs was $245.5 million and $245.3 million, respectively, and is shown in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition as debt obligations, net of unamortized issuance costs of $4.5 million and $4.7 million, respectively.
The following table depicts the total assets and liabilities related to VIE securitization transactions included in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition (in thousands):
| September 30, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | ||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 18,073 | $ | 33,612 | |||||||
| Restricted cash | 13,328 | 13,166 | |||||||||
Participation rights receivable(a) | 502,005 | 475,110 | |||||||||
| Due from affiliates | 435 | 436 | |||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 533,841 | $ | 522,324 | |||||||
| Accrued interest | $ | 3,450 | $ | 191 | |||||||
| Due to affiliates and other | 21,577 | 280 | |||||||||
| Secured borrowings, net | 245,490 | 245,259 | |||||||||
| Total liabilities | $ | 270,517 | $ | 245,730 | |||||||
_______________
(a)Participation rights receivable related to VIE securitization transactions are included in investments in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
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8. Debt Obligations
The following table summarizes the Company’s and its subsidiaries’ debt obligations (in thousands):
| As of September 30, 2023 | As of December 31, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt Origination Date | Maturity Date | Borrowing Capacity | Carrying Value | Interest Rate | Carrying Value | Interest Rate | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Senior Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility(a) | March 2011 | September 2028 | $ | 1,200,000 | $ | — | 6.42 | % | $ | — | 5.46 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Subordinated Credit Facility(b) | August 2014 | August 2025 | 30,000 | — | 7.67 | % | — | 6.71 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Senior Unsecured Term Loan(c) | December 2021 | March 2026 | 200,000 | 198,332 | 6.24 | % | 199,307 | 5.46 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Secured Borrowings - Tranche A(d) | May 2018 | June 2038 | 200,000 | 196,372 | 5.33 | % | 196,186 | 5.33 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Secured Borrowings - Tranche B(d) | October 2019 | June 2038 | 50,000 | 49,118 | 4.75 | % | 49,073 | 4.75 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
364-Day Revolving Credit Facility(e) | April 2023 | April 2024 | 150,000 | — | 7.32 | % | — | — | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total debt obligations | $ | 1,830,000 | $ | 443,822 | $ | 444,566 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
_______________
(a)In September 2023, the Company entered into a sixth amendment and restatement of its senior unsecured revolving credit facility (the “Amended Senior Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility”) to, among other things, (i) extend the maturity date of the revolving credit facility from July 15, 2027 to September 26, 2028; (ii) increase the aggregate revolving commitments thereunder from $700.0 million to $1.2 billion; (iii) increase the commitment increase cap thereunder from $1.0 billion to $1.5 billion; (iv) increase the required minimum amount of fee generating assets under management thereunder; (v) provide for an 18 month timeline for establishing, at the option of the borrower, specified key performance indicators with respect to certain environmental, social and governance targets to qualify for interest rate adjustments; (vi) provide for additional flexibility with respect to internal reorganizations; and (vii) conform the credit facility to accommodate for the acquisition of Angelo Gordon. Dollar-denominated principal amounts outstanding under the Amended Senior Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility accrue interest, at the option of the applicable borrower, either (i) at a base rate plus applicable margin not to exceed 0.25% per annum or (ii) at a term SOFR rate plus a 0.10% per annum adjustment and an applicable margin not to exceed 1.25%.
(b)A consolidated subsidiary of the Company entered into two $15.0 million subordinated revolving credit facilities (collectively, the “Subordinated Credit Facility”), for a total commitment of $30.0 million. The Subordinated Credit Facility is available for direct borrowings and is guaranteed by certain members of the TPG Operating Group. In August 2023, the subsidiary extended the maturity date of the Subordinated Credit Facility from August 2024 to August 2025. The interest rate for borrowings under the Subordinated Credit Facility is calculated at a term SOFR rate plus a 0.10% per annum adjustment and 2.25%.
(c)In September 2023, the Company entered into an amendment and restatement of its senior unsecured term loan agreement (the “Amended Senior Unsecured Term Loan Agreement”) to, among other things, (i) extend the maturity date of the term credit facility from December 2, 2024 to March 31, 2026; (ii) increase the required minimum amount of fee generating assets under management thereunder; (iii) provide for additional flexibility with respect internal reorganizations; and (iv) conform the credit facility to accommodate for the acquisition of Angelo Gordon. Principal amounts outstanding under the Amended Senior Unsecured Term Loan Agreement accrue interest, at the option of the borrower, either (i) at a base rate plus an applicable margin of 0.00% or (ii) at a term SOFR rate plus a 0.10% per annum adjustment and an applicable margin of 1.00%. The Amended Senior Unsecured Term Loan Agreement contains customary representations, covenants and events of default. Financial covenants consist of a maximum net leverage ratio and a requirement to keep a minimum amount of fee generating assets under management, each tested quarterly.
(d)The Company’s secured borrowings are issued using on-balance sheet securitization vehicles, as further discussed in Note 7 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. The secured borrowings are repayable only from collections on the underlying securitized equity method investments and restricted cash. The secured borrowings are separated into two tranches. Tranche A secured borrowings were issued in May 2018 at a fixed rate of 5.33% with an aggregate principal balance of $200.0 million due June 21, 2038, with interest paid semiannually. Tranche B secured borrowings were issued in October 2019 at a fixed rate of 4.75% with an aggregate principal balance of $50.0 million due June 21, 2038, with interest paid semiannually. The secured borrowings contain an optional redemption feature giving the Company the right to call the notes in full or in part. If the secured borrowings are not redeemed on or prior to June 20, 2028, the Company is required to pay additional interest equal to 4.00% per annum. The secured borrowings contain covenants and conditions customary in transactions of this nature, including negative pledge provisions, default provisions and operating covenants, limitations on certain consolidations, mergers and sales of assets. At September 30, 2023, the Company is in compliance with these covenants and conditions.
(e)On April 14, 2023, a consolidated subsidiary of the Company entered into a 364-day revolving credit facility (the “364-Day Credit Facility”) with Mizuho Bank, Ltd., acting as administrative agent, to provide the subsidiary with revolving borrowings of up to $150.0 million. Borrowings under the 364-Day Credit Facility are subject to one of three interest rates depending on the type of drawdown requested. Alternate Base Rate (“ABR”) loans are denominated in US Dollars and subject to a variable interest rate computed daily as the higher of the Federal Funds Rate plus 0.50% or the one-month Term SOFR plus 1.00%, plus an applicable margin of between 1.00% and 2.00%, depending on the term of the loan. Term Benchmark Loans may be denominated in US Dollars or Euros, and are subject to a fixed interest rate computed as the SOFR rate for a
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period comparable to the term of the loan in effect two business days prior to the date of borrowing, plus an applicable margin of between 2.00% and 3.00%, depending on the term of the loan. Risk-Free Rate (“RFR”) loans are denominated in Sterling and subject to a fixed interest rate computed daily as the Sterling Overnight Index Average (“SONIA”) in effect five business days prior to the date of borrowing, plus an applicable margin of between 2.00% and 3.00%, depending on the term of the loan. The subsidiary is also required to a pay a quarterly facility fee equal to 0.30% per annum of the total facility capacity of $150.0 million, as well as certain customary fees for any issued loans. The Company entered into an equity commitment letter in connection with the 364-Day Credit Facility, committing to provide capital contributions, if and when required, to the consolidated subsidiary throughout the life of the facility.
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company incurred interest expense of $6.4 million and $19.7 million, respectively, on its debt obligations. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company incurred interest expense of $5.0 million and $13.2 million, respectively, on its debt obligations.
At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the fair value of the Company’s senior unsecured term loan was $200.0 million and $199.2 million, respectively, which approximates its carrying amount represented in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition due to its variable rate nature.
At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the estimated fair value of the secured borrowings based on current market rates and credit spreads for debt with similar maturities was $234.7 million and $231.5 million, respectively, and the carrying value, excluding unamortized issuance costs, was $250.0 million at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
On October 30, 2023, the Company drew $470.0 million under its Senior Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility to partially fund the cash consideration of the Transaction described in Note 3 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
9. Income Taxes
As a result of the Reorganization, the Company is treated as a corporation for U.S. federal and state income tax purposes. The Company is subject to U.S. federal and state income taxes, in addition to local and foreign income taxes, with respect to its allocable share of taxable income generated by the TPG Operating Group partnerships. Prior to the Reorganization, the Company was treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes and therefore was not subject to U.S. federal and state income taxes except for certain consolidated subsidiaries that were subject to taxation in the U.S. (federal, state and local) and foreign jurisdictions as a result of their entity classification for tax reporting purposes.
As of September 30, 2023, the Company has recognized net deferred tax assets before the considerations of valuation allowances in the amount of $119.1 million, which primarily relate to excess income tax basis versus book basis differences in connection with the Company’s investment in the TPG Operating Group partnerships. The excess of income tax basis in the TPG Operating Group partnerships was primarily due to the Reorganization which resulted in a step-up in the tax basis of certain assets to the Company that will be recovered as those underlying assets are sold or the tax basis is amortized. A portion of the excess income tax basis in the TPG Operating Group partnerships will only reverse upon a sale of the Company’s interest in the TPG Operating Group partnerships which is not expected to occur in the foreseeable future. As a result, the Company has recognized a valuation allowance in the amount of $80.3 million against its net deferred tax assets of $119.1 million (resulting in net deferred tax assets after valuation allowance of $38.8 million) as of September 30, 2023, as it is more-likely-than not that this portion of our deferred tax assets is not realizable. The Company evaluates the realizability of its deferred tax asset on a quarterly basis and adjusts the valuation allowance when it is more-likely-than-not that all or a portion of the deferred tax asset may not be realized. Additionally, the Company recorded a payable pursuant to the Tax Receivable Agreement within other liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition of $24.6 million, related to the Reorganization and subsequent exchanges of TPG Operating Group partnership units for common stock.
The Company’s effective tax rate was (9.5)% and 0.8% for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and 231.4% and (102.5)% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company’s effective tax rate is dependent on many factors, including the estimated amount of income subject to tax. Consequently, the effective tax rate can vary from period to period. The Company’s overall effective tax rate in each of the periods described above deviates from the statutory rate primarily because a portion of income and losses are allocated to
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non-controlling interests, and the tax liability on such income or loss is borne by the holders of such non-controlling interests.
Applicable accounting standards provide that the Company may estimate an annual effective tax rate and apply that rate to year-to-date income for each interim period. However, because the Company’s forecast of income before taxes is highly variable due to changes in market conditions, the actual effective income tax rate for the year-to-date period represents a better estimate of the consolidated annual effective income tax rate. Accordingly, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the actual consolidated effective income tax rate was used to determine the Company’s income tax provision.
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, there were no material changes to the uncertain tax positions and the Company does not expect there to be any material changes to uncertain tax positions within the next twelve months. The Company files its tax returns as prescribed by the tax laws of the jurisdictions in which it operates. In the normal course of business, the Company is subject to examination by U.S. federal, state, local and foreign tax authorities. Although the outcome of tax audits is always uncertain, the Company does not believe the outcome of any future audit will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
On August 16, 2022, the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (“IRA”) was enacted in the United States. The IRA, among other things, includes a 15% minimum tax on adjusted financial statement income of corporations with average annual adjusted financial statement income in excess of $1 billion over a three-year period, a 1% excise tax on stock repurchases and additional clean energy tax incentives for tax years beginning after December 31, 2022. The Company does not expect the IRA to have a material impact to its consolidated financial statements based on analysis of the law in its current form. The Company will continue to evaluate its future impact if additional guidance is issued by the U.S. Department of the Treasury.
10. Related Party Transactions
Due from and Due to Affiliates
Due from affiliates and due to affiliates consist of the following (in thousands):
| September 30, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | ||||||||||
| Portfolio companies | $ | 55,660 | $ | 57,492 | |||||||
| Partners and employees | 2,323 | 2,270 | |||||||||
| Other related entities | 39,894 | 54,030 | |||||||||
| Unconsolidated VIEs | 112,064 | 88,847 | |||||||||
| Due from affiliates | $ | 209,941 | $ | 202,639 | |||||||
| Portfolio companies | $ | 7,411 | $ | 10,367 | |||||||
| Partners and employees | 44,772 | 60,309 | |||||||||
| Other related entities | 60,717 | 21,615 | |||||||||
| Unconsolidated VIEs | 57,003 | 47,572 | |||||||||
| Due to affiliates | $ | 169,903 | $ | 139,863 | |||||||
Affiliate receivables and payables historically have been settled in the normal course of business without formal payment terms, generally do not require any form of collateral and do not bear interest.
Fund Investments
Certain of the Company’s investment professionals and other individuals have made discretionary investments of their own capital in the TPG funds. These investments are generally not subject to management fees or performance allocations at the discretion of the general partner. Investments made by these individuals during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 totaled $110.5 million and $107.8 million, respectively.
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Fee Income from Affiliates
Substantially all revenues are generated from TPG funds, limited partners of TPG funds, or portfolio companies. The Company disclosed revenues in Note 2 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Loans to Affiliates
From time to time, the Company may enter into transactions in which it arranges short-term funding for affiliates, such as portfolio companies, as part of the Company’s capital markets activities. Under this arrangement, the Company may draw all or substantially all of its availability for borrowings under the 364-Day Credit Facility. Borrowings made under this facility are generally expected to be repaid promptly as these short-term fundings are intended to be syndicated to third parties.
Notes Receivable from Affiliates
From time to time, the Company makes loans to its employees and other affiliates. Certain of these loans are collateralized by underlying investment interests of the borrowers. The outstanding balance of these notes was $1.6 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, which is included in other assets in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
These notes generally incur interest at floating rates, and such interest, which is included in interest, dividends and other in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, totaled less than $0.1 million for each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.
Aircraft Services
The Company terminated its leases of aircraft owned by entities controlled by certain partners of the Company in January 2022. The termination of the leases resulted in the derecognition of a right-of-use asset and a corresponding lease liability of $13.6 million.
RemainCo Administrative Services Agreement
In exchange for services provided by TPG Operating Group, RemainCo pays TPG Operating Group an annual administration fee in the amount of 1% per annum of the net asset value of RemainCo’s assets, with such amount payable quarterly in advance. The fees earned by the Company for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 were $4.4 million and $13.6 million, respectively, and recorded in fees and other in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. The fees earned by the Company for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 were $4.8 million and $15.2 million, respectively.
Other Related Party Transactions
The Company has entered into contracts to provide services or facilities for a fee with certain related parties. A portion of these fees are recognized as fees and other in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations in the amount of $7.1 million and $5.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $21.2 million and $17.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, these related parties have made payments associated with these arrangements of $27.3 million and $19.9 million, respectively.
35
Investments in SPACs
The Company has invested in and sponsored SPACs that were formed for the purposes of effecting a merger, asset acquisition, stock purchase, reorganization or other business combination. In the IPO of each of these SPACs, either common shares or units (which include one Class A ordinary share and, in some cases, a fraction of a redeemable public warrant which entitles the holder to purchase one share of Class A ordinary shares at a fixed exercise price) were sold to investors. Each SPAC provided its public shareholders the option to redeem their shares either (i) in connection with a shareholder meeting to approve the business combination or (ii) by means of a tender offer. Assets held in Trust Accounts relate to gross proceeds received from the IPO and can only be used for the initial business combination and any possible investor redemptions. For SPACs unable to complete a business combination within a specified time frame, typically within 24 months of the IPO close date, the SPACs redeemed all public shares. The ownership interest in each SPAC that is not owned by the Company is reflected as redeemable equity attributable to Public SPACs in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
The Company consolidates these SPACs during the period before the initial business combination, and therefore the Class F ordinary shares, Class G ordinary shares, private placement shares, private placement warrants and FPAs with consolidated related parties are eliminated in consolidation.
In August 2021, AFTR, a SPAC, completed an initial public offering. AFTR sold 25,000,000 units at a price of $10.00 per unit for total IPO proceeds of $250.0 million. Each unit consists of one Class A ordinary share of AFTR at $0.0001 par value and one-third of one warrant.
On August 16, 2023, AFTR redeemed all of its AFTR Class A Ordinary Shares at a per-share redemption price of approximately $10.41, because AFTR did not consummate an initial business combination within the time period required by its Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association. As of August 16, 2023, the AFTR Class A Ordinary Shares were deemed cancelled and represented only the right to receive the redemption amount, and there were no redemption rights or liquidating distributions with respect to AFTR’s warrants, which expired with no value. After August 16, 2023, AFTR ceased all operations except for those required to wind up its business.
In April 2021, YTPG, a SPAC, completed an initial public offering. YTPG sold 40,000,000 shares at a price of $10.00 per share for total IPO proceeds of $400.0 million. Each share consists of one YTPG Class A Ordinary Share of YTPG at $0.0001 par value.
On April 17, 2023, YTPG redeemed all of its YTPG Class A Ordinary Shares at a per-share redemption price of approximately $10.00, because YTPG did not consummate an initial business combination within the time period required by its Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association. As of April 17, 2023, the YTPG Class A Ordinary Shares were deemed cancelled and represented only the right to receive the redemption amount. FPAs entered into by YTPG at the time of its IPO were terminated on April 17, 2023. After April 17, 2023, YTPG ceased all operations except for those required to wind up its business.
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11. Operating Leases
The following tables summarize the Company’s lease cost, cash flows, and other supplemental information related to its operating leases.
The components of lease expense were as follows (in thousands):
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Lease cost(a): | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating lease cost | $ | 6,734 | $ | 6,841 | $ | 20,072 | $ | 19,872 | |||||||||||||||
| Short-term lease costs | 103 | 127 | 416 | 401 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Variable lease cost | 2,195 | 1,946 | 5,787 | 4,722 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Sublease income | (872) | (1,004) | (2,540) | (3,224) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total lease cost | $ | 8,160 | $ | 7,910 | $ | 23,735 | $ | 21,771 | |||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average remaining lease term | 6.4 | 7.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average discount rate | 4.16 | % | 4.10 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
___________
(a)Office rent expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $6.6 million and $19.9 million, respectively. Office rent expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $6.3 million and $19.7 million, respectively.
Supplemental Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows information related to leases were as follows (in thousands):
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||||||||
| Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities | $ | 22,553 | $ | 21,192 | |||||||||||||
| Other non-cash changes in right-of-use assets | 6,041 | 5,468 | |||||||||||||||
| Non-cash right-of-use assets and lease liability termination | — | (13,939) | |||||||||||||||
The following table shows the undiscounted cash flows on an annual basis for operating lease liabilities as of September 30, 2023 (in thousands):
| Year Due | Lease Amount | |||||||
| Remainder of 2023 | $ | 7,566 | ||||||
| 2024 | 24,383 | |||||||
| 2025 | 19,152 | |||||||
| 2026 | 20,401 | |||||||
| 2027 | 18,967 | |||||||
| Thereafter | 65,115 | |||||||
| Total future undiscounted operating lease payments | 155,584 | |||||||
| Less: imputed interest | (21,901) | |||||||
| Present value of operating lease liabilities | $ | 133,683 | ||||||
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12. Commitments and Contingencies
Guarantees
Certain of the Company’s consolidated entities have guaranteed debt or obligations. At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the maximum obligations guaranteed under these agreements totaled $1,784.6 million and $1,120.8 million, respectively. At September 30, 2023, the guarantees had expiration dates as follows (in thousands):
| Maturity Date | Guarantee Amount | |||||||
| April 2024 | $ | 150,000 | ||||||
| August 2025 | 30,000 | |||||||
| March 2026 | 200,000 | |||||||
| June 2026 | 60,000 | |||||||
| December 2026 | 111,715 | |||||||
| September 2028 | 1,200,000 | |||||||
| June 2030 | 32,857 | |||||||
| Total | $ | 1,784,572 | ||||||
At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the outstanding amount of debt on obligations related to these guarantees was $321.9 million and $327.8 million, respectively.
Letters of Credit
The Company had $0.4 million and $0.5 million in letters of credit outstanding at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
Commitments
At September 30, 2023, the third party investors of the consolidated Public SPACs had no unfunded capital commitments to the consolidated Public SPACs.
At September 30, 2023, the TPG Operating Group had unfunded investment commitments of $376.9 million to the TPG funds, consolidated Public SPACs and other strategic investments.
Contingent Obligations (Clawback) With Affiliates
The governing agreements of the TPG funds that pay performance allocations generally include a clawback provision that, if triggered, may give rise to a contingent obligation requiring the general partner to return amounts to the fund for distribution to the fund investors at the end of the life of the fund. Performance allocations received by the general partners of the respective TPG funds are subject to clawback to the extent the performance allocations received by the general partners exceeds the amount the general partners are ultimately entitled to receive based on cumulative fund results.
At September 30, 2023, if all investments held by the TPG funds were liquidated at their current unrealized fair value, there would be clawback of $60.4 million, net of tax, for which a performance fee reserve was recorded within other liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
At September 30, 2023, if all remaining investments were deemed worthless, a possibility management views as remote, the amount of performance allocations subject to potential clawback would be $1,772.1 million.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the general partners made no payments on the clawback liability.
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Legal Actions and Other Proceedings
From time to time, the Company is involved in legal proceedings, litigation and claims incidental to the conduct of our business, including with respect to acquisitions, bankruptcy, insolvency and other types of proceedings. Such lawsuits may involve claims against our portfolio companies that adversely affect the value of certain investments owned by TPG’s funds. The Company’s business is also subject to extensive regulation, which has and may result in the Company becoming subject to examinations, inquiries and investigations by various U.S. and non-U.S. governmental and regulatory agencies, including but not limited to the SEC, Department of Justice, state attorneys general, Financial Industry Regulatory Authority and the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority. Such examinations, inquiries and investigations may result in the commencement of civil, criminal or administrative proceedings or fines against the Company or its personnel.
The Company accrues a liability for legal proceedings in accordance with U.S. GAAP, in particular, the Company establishes an accrued liability for loss contingencies when a settlement arising from a legal proceeding is both probable and reasonably estimable. If the matter is not probable or reasonably estimable, no such liability is recorded. Examples of this include: (i) the proceedings may be in early stages; (ii) damages sought may be unspecified, unsupportable, unexplained or uncertain; (iii) discovery may not have been started or is incomplete; (iv) there may be uncertainty as to the outcome of pending appeals or motions; (v) there may be significant factual issues to be resolved or (vi) there may be novel legal issues or unsettled legal theories to be presented or a large number of parties. Consequently, management is unable to estimate a range of potential loss, if any, related to such matters. Even when the Company accrues a liability for a loss contingency such cases, there may be an exposure to loss in excess of any amounts accrued. Loss contingencies may be, in part or in whole, subject to insurance or other payments such as contributions and/or indemnity, which may reduce any ultimate loss.
Based on information presently known by management, the Company has not recorded a potential liability related to any pending legal proceeding and is not subject to any legal proceedings that we expect to have a material impact on our operations, financial positions or cash flows. It is not possible, however, to predict the ultimate outcome of all pending legal proceedings, and the claimants in the matter discussed below seek potentially large and indeterminate amounts. As such, although we do not consider such an outcome likely, given the inherent unpredictability of legal proceedings, it is possible that an adverse outcome in the matter described below or certain other matters could have a material effect on the Company’s financial results in any particular period.
Since 2011, a number of TPG-related entities and individuals, including David Bonderman and Jim Coulter, have been named as defendants/respondents in a series of lawsuits in the United States, United Kingdom, and Luxembourg concerning an investment TPG held from 2005-2007 in a Greek telecommunications company, known then as TIM Hellas (“Hellas”). Entities and individuals related to Apax Partners, a London based investment firm also invested in Hellas at the time, are named in the suits as well. The cases all allege generally that a late 2006 refinancing of the Hellas group of companies was improper.
To date, most of the lawsuits filed in New York Federal and State courts against TPG and Apax-related defendants have been dismissed, with those dismissals upheld on appeal, or the appeal period has passed. A lawsuit pending in the District Court of Luxembourg against two former TPG partners and two individuals related to Apax involved in the investment has been decided after trial in their favor on all claims and is now on appeal. In February 2018, a High Court case in London against a number of TPG and Apax related parties and individuals was abandoned by the claimants in the early days of a scheduled six-week trial with costs of $9.5 million awarded to the TPG and Apax-related parties, of which $3.4 million was awarded to TPG.
In addition to the Luxembourg appeal, two cases in New York state court are active against TPG and Apax-related parties concerning the Hellas investment. Motions to dismiss by all defendants were made in both actions with the Court now having granted and denied in part those motions, paring back the parties, claims and amounts at issue. Appeals are pending as to the dismissal ruling in one matter (with immediate appeals possible as to the dismissal ruling in the other). The court has ruled on summary judgment motions in one case, further paring back the parties and claims in the case. Appeals are pending as to those summary judgment rulings as well. No trial date has been set in either of the two active actions. The prior noted stayed federal actions have now been dismissed by court order and stipulation.
The Company believes that the suits related to the Hellas investment are without merit and intends to continue to defend them vigorously.
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In October 2022, the Company received a document request from the SEC focusing on the use and retention of business-related electronic communications, which, as has been publicly reported, is part of an industry-wide review. The Company is cooperating with the SEC’s request.
Indemnifications
In the normal course of business, the Company enters into contracts that contain a variety of representations and warranties that provide general indemnifications. In addition, certain of the Company’s funds have provided certain indemnities relating to environmental and other matters and has provided nonrecourse carve-out guarantees for fraud, willful misconduct and other customary wrongful acts, each in connection with the financing of certain real estate investments that the Company has made. The Company’s maximum exposure under these arrangements is unknown as this would involve future claims that may be made against the Company that have not yet occurred. However, based on experience, the Company expects the risk of material loss to be remote.
13. Net Income (Loss) Per Class A Common Share
The Company calculates its basic and diluted income (loss) per share using the two-class method for all periods presented, which defines unvested share-based payment awards that contain nonforfeitable rights to dividends as participating securities. The two-class method is an allocation formula that determines income per share for each share of common stock and participating securities according to dividends declared and participation rights in undistributed earnings. Under this method, all income (distributed and undistributed) is allocated to common shares and participating securities based on their respective rights to receive dividends.
In computing the dilutive effect that the exchange of TPG Operating Group partnership units would have on net income available to Class A common stock per share, TPG considered that net income (loss) available to holders of shares of Class A common stock would increase due to the elimination of non-controlling interests in the TPG Operating Group, inclusive of any tax impact. The hypothetical conversion may be dilutive to the extent there is activity at the TPG Inc. level that has not previously been attributed to the non-controlling interests or if there is a change in tax rate as a result of a hypothetical conversion.
Basic and diluted net income (loss) per share of Class A common stock for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 is presented from January 13, 2022 through September 30, 2022, the period following the Reorganization and IPO. There were no shares of Class A common stock outstanding prior to January 13, 2022, therefore no income per share information has been presented for any period prior to that date.
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The following table sets forth reconciliations of the numerators and denominators used to compute basic and diluted net income (loss) per share of Class A common stock (in thousands, except share and per share data):
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Numerator: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net (loss) income | $ | (94,712) | $ | 53,206 | $ | (19,027) | $ | (46,487) | |||||||||||||||
| Less: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss attributable to redeemable equity in Public SPACs prior to IPO | — | — | — | (517) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to other non-controlling interests prior to Reorganization and IPO | — | — | — | 966 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to TPG Group Holdings prior to Reorganization and IPO | — | — | — | 5,256 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net (loss) income subsequent to IPO | (94,712) | 53,206 | (19,027) | (52,192) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Less: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to redeemable equity in Public SPACs subsequent to IPO | 5,148 | 7,322 | 12,044 | 13,203 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests in TPG Operating Group subsequent to IPO | (49,556) | (6,898) | (100,354) | (140,679) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net (loss) income attributable to other non-controlling interests subsequent to IPO | (64,971) | 15,422 | 2,366 | 6,499 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to Class A Common Stockholders prior to distributions | 14,667 | 37,360 | 66,917 | 68,785 | |||||||||||||||||||
Reallocation of earnings to unvested participating restricted stock units(a) | (2,998) | (2,143) | (8,420) | (3,575) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to Class A Common Stockholders - Basic | 11,669 | 35,217 | 58,497 | 65,210 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss assuming exchange of non-controlling interest | (38,712) | (8,237) | (83,044) | (114,476) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Reallocation of income from participating securities assuming exchange of Common Units | — | 604 | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net (loss) income attributable to Class A Common Stockholders - Diluted | $ | (27,043) | $ | 27,584 | $ | (24,547) | $ | (49,266) | |||||||||||||||
| Denominator: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted-Average Shares of Common Stock Outstanding - Basic | 80,617,057 | 79,266,822 | 80,223,076 | 79,249,528 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Exchange of Common Units to Class A Common Stock | 228,652,641 | 229,652,641 | 228,978,648 | 229,652,641 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted-Average Shares of Common Stock Outstanding - Diluted | 309,269,698 | 308,919,463 | 309,201,724 | 308,902,169 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) available to Class A common stock per share | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | 0.14 | $ | 0.44 | $ | 0.73 | $ | 0.82 | |||||||||||||||
| Diluted | $ | (0.09) | $ | 0.09 | $ | (0.08) | $ | (0.16) | |||||||||||||||
Dividends declared per share of Class A Common Stock(b) | $ | 0.22 | $ | 0.39 | $ | 0.92 | $ | 0.83 | |||||||||||||||
___________
(a)No undistributed losses were allocated to unvested participating restricted stock units during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, as the holders do not have a contractual obligation to share in the losses of the Company with common stockholders.
(b)Dividends declared reflects the calendar date of the declaration for each distribution.
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14. Equity-Based Compensation
Restricted Stock Awards
Under the Company’s 2021 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan (the “Omnibus Plan”), the Company is permitted to grant equity awards representing ownership interests in TPG Inc.’s Class A common stock. On January 13, 2022, the Omnibus Plan became effective and the Company authorized for issuance 30,694,780 shares of TPG Inc.’s Class A common stock. On January 6, 2023, additional 12,797,983 shares of Class A common stock were registered, increasing the share reserve to 30,889,270 of which 27,680,770 may be issued as of September 30, 2023.
In conjunction with the IPO in 2022, TPG employees, certain of the Company’s executives and certain non-employees received one-time grants of equity-based awards in the form of restricted stock units which entitle the holder to one share of Class A common stock upon vesting.
Further, in the ordinary course of business the Company also grants equity awards that are subject to either service conditions (“Ordinary Service-Vesting Awards”) or a combination of service and performance conditions (“Ordinary Performance-Vesting Awards”).
The following table summarizes the outstanding restricted stock unit awards as of September 30, 2023 (in millions, including share data):
| Units Outstanding as of September 30, 2023 | Compensation Expense for the Three Months Ended | Compensation Expense for the Nine Months Ended | Unrecognized Compensation Expense as of September 30, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| September 30, 2023 | September 30, 2022 | September 30, 2023 | September 30, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restricted Stock Units | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| IPO Service-Vesting Awards | 8.3 | $ | 14.3 | $ | 16.8 | $ | 40.3 | $ | 52.2 | $ | 155.8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| IPO Executive Service-Vesting Awards | 1.1 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 4.8 | 4.6 | 21.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| IPO Executive Performance Condition Awards | 1.1 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 4.0 | 3.8 | 9.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ordinary Service-Vesting Awards | 4.4 | 11.8 | 1.1 | 32.3 | 1.4 | 113.8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ordinary Performance-Vesting Awards | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 2.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Restricted Stock Units | 15.0 | $ | 29.3 | $ | 21.1 | $ | 82.1 | $ | 62.4 | $ | 302.3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recorded total restricted stock unit compensation expense of $29.3 million and $82.1 million, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recorded total restricted stock unit compensation expense of $21.1 million and $62.4 million, respectively. The expense associated with awards granted to certain non-employees of the Company is recognized in general, administrative and other in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and totaled $1.5 million and $2.9 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and $0.6 million and $6.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company had 124,120 and 588,636 restricted stock units vest at a fair value of $2.4 million and $18.0 million, respectively (excluding vested, but unsettled units). The restricted stock units were settled by issuing 75,896 and 347,313 shares of TPG Inc. Class A Common stock, net of withholding tax of less than $0.1 million and $6.5 million, respectively (excluding vested, but unsettled units).
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IPO and Ordinary Service-Vesting Awards
For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company issued 4.0 million of Ordinary Service-Vesting Awards. The grant date fair value of the Ordinary Service-Vesting Awards considers the public share price of the Company’s Class A common stock. The following table presents the rollforward of the Company’s unvested Service-Vesting Awards for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 (awards in millions):
| Service-Vesting Awards | Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value | ||||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2022 | 10.1 | $ | 29.41 | ||||||||
| Granted | 4.0 | 33.88 | |||||||||
| Vested | (0.6) | 29.23 | |||||||||
| Forfeited | (0.8) | 30.25 | |||||||||
| Balance at September 30, 2023 | 12.7 | 30.78 | |||||||||
As of September 30, 2023, there was approximately $269.6 million of total estimated unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested Service-Vesting Awards, which is expected to be recognized over the weighted average remaining requisite service period of 2.8 years.
Ordinary Performance-Vesting Awards
In 2022 the Company also granted 0.1 million of Ordinary Performance-Vesting Awards. The weighted-average grant date fair value per share was $26.93 for these awards. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recorded equity-based compensation expense of $0.2 million and $0.7 million, respectively. For each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recorded equity-based compensation expense of $0.2 million and $0.4 million, respectively. Further, as of September 30, 2023, there was approximately $2.3 million of total estimated unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested Ordinary Performance-Vesting Awards, which is expected to be recognized over the weighted average remaining requisite service period of 2.4 years.
IPO Executive Awards
Under the Omnibus Plan, the Company also granted 2.2 million of Executive Awards in order to incentivize and retain key members of management and further their alignment with our shareholders in conjunction with the IPO. The Executive Awards include awards of (i) 1.1 million restricted stock units subject to service-based vesting over a five-year service period beginning with the second anniversary of the grant date (“Executive Service-Vesting Awards”) and (ii) 1.1 million market and service based restricted stock units (“Executive Performance Condition Awards”). Each Executive Performance Condition Award is comprised of two parts: (i) a time-based component requiring a five-year service period (“Type I”) and (ii) a market price component with a target Class A common stock share price at either $44.25 within five years or $59.00 within eight years (“Type II”). Dividend equivalents are paid on vested and unvested Executive Service-Vesting Awards when the dividend occurs. Dividend equivalents accrue for vested and unvested Executive Performance Condition Awards and are paid only when both the applicable service and performance conditions are satisfied.
Compensation expense for Executive Service-Vesting Awards is recognized on a straight-line basis and for the Executive Performance Condition Awards using the accelerated attribution method on a tranche by tranche basis.
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The following table presents the rollforwards of the Company’s unvested Executive Awards for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 (awards in millions):
| Executive Service-Vesting Awards | Grant Date Fair Value | Executive Performance Condition Awards | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2022 | 1.1 | $ | 29.50 | 1.1 | $ | 16.58 | |||||||||||||||||
| Granted | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Vested | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Forfeited | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at September 30, 2023 | 1.1 | 29.50 | 1.1 | 16.58 | |||||||||||||||||||
As of September 30, 2023, there was approximately $21.4 million of total estimated unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested Executive Service-Vesting Awards, which is expected to be recognized over the weighted average remaining requisite service period of 3.3 years. There was approximately $9.0 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested Executive Performance Condition Awards, which is expected to be recognized over the weighted average remaining requisite service period of 2.3 years.
Other Awards
As a result of the Reorganization and the IPO in 2022, the Company’s current partners hold restricted indirect interests in Common Units through TPG Partner Holdings and indirect economic interests through RemainCo. TPG Partner Holdings and RemainCo are presented as non-controlling interest holders within the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. The interests in TPG Partner Holdings (“TPH Units”) and indirectly in RemainCo (“RPH Units”) are generally subject to service, or, in certain cases, to both service and performance conditions. Holders of these interests participate in distributions regardless of the vesting status. Additionally, as a result of the Reorganization, the IPO and the acquisition of the final 33.3% of NQ Manager in 2022 discussed in Note 3 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, certain TPG partners and NewQuest principals were granted Common Units directly at TPG Operating Group (“TOG Units”) and Class A common stock subject to both service and performance conditions, which are deemed probable of achieving.
The following table summarizes the outstanding Other Awards as of September 30, 2023 (in millions, including share data):
| Unvested Units/Shares Outstanding as of September 30, 2023 | Compensation Expense for the Three Months Ended | Compensation Expense for the Nine Months Ended | Unrecognized Compensation Expense as of September 30, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| September 30, 2023 | September 30, 2022 | September 30, 2023 | September 30, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TPH and RPH Units | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TPH units | 50.1 | $ | 82.1 | $ | 91.2 | $ | 283.2 | $ | 326.1 | $ | 927.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| RPH units | 0.4 | 17.5 | 21.1 | 55.8 | 61.4 | 151.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total TPH and RPH Units | 50.5 | $ | 99.6 | $ | 112.3 | $ | 339.0 | $ | 387.5 | $ | 1,078.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TOG Units and Class A Common Stock | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TOG Common Units | 1.8 | $ | 4.6 | $ | 6.3 | $ | 12.9 | $ | 18.0 | $ | 23.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Class A Common Stock | 1.1 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 13.1 | 12.7 | 22.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total TOG Units and Class A Common Stock | 2.9 | $ | 9.0 | $ | 10.7 | $ | 26.0 | $ | 30.7 | $ | 45.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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TPH and RPH Units
The Company accounts for the TPH Units and RPH Units as compensation expense in accordance with ASC Topic 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation (“ASC 718”). The unvested TPH and RPH Units are recognized as equity-based compensation subject to primarily service vesting conditions and in certain cases performance conditions, which are currently deemed probable of achieving. The Company recognized compensation expense of $99.6 million and $339.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. The Company recognized compensation expense of $112.3 million and $387.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. There is no additional dilution to our stockholders related to these interests. Contractually these units are only related to non-controlling interest holders of the TPG Operating Group, and there is no impact to the allocation of income and distributions to TPG Inc. Therefore, the Company has allocated these expense amounts to its non-controlling interest holders.
The following table presents the rollforwards of the Company’s unvested TPH Units and RPH Units for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 (units in millions):
| TPH Units | RPH Units | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Partnership Units | Grant Date Fair Value | Partnership Units | Grant Date Fair Value | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2022 | 50.3 | $ | 24.38 | 0.4 | $ | 457.10 | |||||||||||||||||
| Reallocated | 0.7 | 28.41 | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Vested | (0.2) | 23.60 | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Forfeited | (0.7) | 24.79 | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at September 30, 2023 | 50.1 | 24.43 | 0.4 | 457.10 | |||||||||||||||||||
TPH Units, which were forfeited by certain holders upon termination, were reallocated to certain existing unit holders in accordance with the applicable governing documents. The grant date fair value of the reallocated awards was determined based on the fair value of TPG’s common stock at the time of reallocation. As of September 30, 2023, there was approximately $1,078.5 million of total estimated unrecognized compensation expense related to outstanding unvested awards, of which TPH Units and RPH Units represented $927.2 million and $151.3 million, respectively.
TOG Units and Class A Common Stock
In accordance with ASC 718, the Other IPO-Related Awards are also recognized as equity-based compensation. The expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 totaled $9.0 million and $26.0 million respectively. The expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 totaled $10.7 million and $30.7 million respectively. As TPG Operating Group holders would accrete pro-rata or benefit directly upon forfeiture of those awards, this compensation expense was allocated pro-rata to all controlling and non-controlling interest holders of TPG Inc.
The following table presents the rollforwards of the Company’s unvested TOG Units and Class A Common Stock Awards for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 (awards in millions):
| TOG Units | Class A Common Stock | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Partnership Units | Grant Date Fair Value | Partnership Units | Grant Date Fair Value | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2022 | 2.2 | $ | 27.29 | 1.7 | $ | 29.50 | |||||||||||||||||
| Granted | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Vested | (0.4) | 27.29 | (0.6) | 29.50 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Forfeited | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at September 30, 2023 | 1.8 | 27.29 | 1.1 | 29.50 | |||||||||||||||||||
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Total unrecognized compensation expense related to outstanding unvested awards as of September 30, 2023 was $45.0 million, of which the TOG Units and Class A common stock represented $23.0 million and $22.0 million, respectively.
15. Equity
The Company has three classes of common stock outstanding, Class A common stock, nonvoting Class A common stock and Class B common stock. Class A common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Global Select Market. The Company is authorized to issue 2,240,000,000 shares of Class A common stock with a par value of $0.001 per share, 100,000,000 shares of nonvoting Class A common stock, 750,000,000 shares of Class B common stock with a par value of $0.001 per share, and 25,000,000 shares of preferred stock, with a par value of $0.001 per share. Each share of the Company’s Class A common stock entitles its holder to one vote, and each share of our Class B common stock entitles its holder to ten votes. Holders of Class A common stock and Class B common stock generally vote together as a single class on all matters presented to the Company’s stockholders for their vote or approval. The nonvoting Class A common stock have the same rights and privileges as, rank equally and share ratably with, and are identical in all respects as to all matters to, the Class A common stock, except that the nonvoting Class A common stock have no voting rights other than such rights as may be required by law. Holders of Class A common stock are entitled to receive dividends when and if declared by the board of directors. Holders of the Class B common stock are not entitled to dividends in respect of their shares of Class B common stock. As of September 30, 2023, 72,328,470 shares of Class A common stock and 8,258,901 shares of nonvoting Class A common stock were outstanding, 228,652,641 shares of Class B common stock were outstanding, and there were no shares of preferred stock outstanding.
Dividends and distributions are reflected in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity when declared by the board of directors. Dividends are made to Class A common stockholders and distributions are made to holders of non-controlling interests in subsidiaries.
The table below presents information regarding the quarterly dividends on the Class A common stock, which were made at the sole discretion of the Board of Directors of the Company.
| Date Declared | Record Date | Payment date | Dividend per Class A Common Share | |||||||||||||||||
| May 10, 2022 | May 20, 2022 | June 3, 2022 | $ | 0.44 | ||||||||||||||||
| August 9, 2022 | August 19, 2022 | September 2, 2022 | 0.39 | |||||||||||||||||
| November 9, 2022 | November 21, 2022 | December 2, 2022 | 0.26 | |||||||||||||||||
| February 15, 2023 | February 27, 2023 | March 10, 2023 | 0.50 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total 2022 Dividend Year | $ | 1.59 | ||||||||||||||||||
| May 15, 2023 | May 25, 2023 | June 5, 2023 | $ | 0.20 | ||||||||||||||||
| August 8, 2023 | August 18, 2023 | September 1, 2023 | 0.22 | |||||||||||||||||
| November 7, 2023 | November 17, 2023 | December 1, 2023 | 0.48 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total 2023 Dividend Year (through Q3 2023) | $ | 0.90 | ||||||||||||||||||
Exchange of Common Units
Pursuant to the exchange agreement entered into at the time of our IPO (the “Exchange Agreement”), on March 30, 2023 a pre-IPO Investor exchanged 1,000,000 Common Units of each TPG Operating Group partnership for 1,000,000 shares of Class A common stock. This exchange resulted in the issuance of 1,000,000 shares of Class A common stock and the cancellation of 1,000,000 shares of Class B common stock for no additional consideration.
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16. Subsequent Events
Other than the events noted in Notes 3, 8 and 15 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, there have been no additional events since September 30, 2023 that require recognition or disclosure in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the information presented in our historical financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this report. In addition to historical information, the following discussion contains forward-looking statements, such as statements regarding our expectation for future performance, liquidity and capital resources that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Our actual results may differ materially from those contained in or implied by any forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to these differences include, but are not limited to, those identified below and elsewhere in this report, particularly in “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and “Part II—Item 1A.—Risk Factors” and should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 filed with the SEC on February 24, 2023 and our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the six months ended June 30, 2023 filed with the SEC on August 8, 2023. We assume no obligation to update any of these forward-looking statements.
On January 12, 2022, we completed a corporate reorganization (the “Reorganization”), which included a corporate conversion of TPG Partners, LLC to a Delaware corporation named TPG Inc., in conjunction with an initial public offering (the “IPO”) of our Class A common stock. The IPO closed on January 18, 2022. Unless the context suggests otherwise, references in this report to “TPG”, “the Company”, “we”, “us” and “our” refer (i) prior to the completion of the Reorganization and IPO to TPG Group Holdings SBS, L.P. and its consolidated subsidiaries and (ii) from and after the completion of the Reorganization and IPO to TPG Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.
Business Overview
We are a leading global alternative asset manager with approximately $136.1 billion in assets under management (“AUM”) as of September 30, 2023. We primarily invest in complex asset classes such as private equity, real estate and public market strategies. We have built our firm through a history of successful innovation and organic growth, and we believe that we have delivered attractive risk-adjusted returns to our clients and established a premier investment business focused on the fastest-growing segments of both the alternative asset management industry and the global economy. We believe that we have a distinctive business approach as compared to other alternative asset managers and a diversified, innovative array of multi-strategy investment platforms that position us well to continue generating sustainable growth across our business. Our platforms are:
•Capital: Our Capital platform is focused on large-scale, control-oriented private equity investments. Capital platform funds are organized in four primary products, including (i) TPG Capital, our North America and Europe-focused private equity and large-scale growth equity investing business, (ii) TPG Asia, our Asia dedicated franchise, (iii) TPG Healthcare Partners, which makes healthcare-related investments primarily in partnership with other TPG funds, and (iv) single asset continuation vehicles which allow limited partners to remain invested in a portfolio company beyond the life of the TPG fund that initially invested in the company.
•Growth: Our Growth platform provides us with a flexible mandate to capitalize on investment opportunities that are earlier in their life cycle, are smaller in size and/or have different profiles than would be considered for our Capital platform. Our Growth platform consists of three primary products, including (i) TPG Growth, our dedicated growth equity and middle market investing product which seeks to make growth buyout and growth equity investments, primarily in North America and India., (ii) TPG Tech Adjacencies, which pursues minority structured investments in internet, software, digital media and other technology sectors, and (iii) TPG Digital Media, which focuses on opportunities in digital media and content-centric themes.
•Impact: We have a fundamental belief that private enterprise can contribute significantly to addressing societal challenges globally and launched our Impact platform in 2016 to pursue both competitive financial returns and measurable societal benefits at scale. Our Impact funds are organized in four primary products, including (i) The Rise Funds, our vehicles for investing across multiple vectors of societal impact, such as climate and conservation, education, financial inclusion, food and agriculture, healthcare and impact services, (ii) TPG Rise Climate, our dedicated climate impact investing product, (iii) an emerging markets healthcare fund, Evercare, and (iv) TPG NEXT, which is designed to support the next generation of diverse alternative asset managers.
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•Real Estate: We established our real estate investing practice in 2009 to pursue real estate investments systematically and build the capabilities to do so at significant scale. Today, we are investing in real estate through three primary products, including (i) TPG Real Estate Partners (“TREP”), an opportunistic strategy that focuses on acquiring and building real estate platforms utilizing a distinct theme-based strategy, which often aligns with TPG’s broader thematic sector expertise, (ii) TPG Real Estate Thematic Advantage Core-Plus (“TAC+”), an extension of TREP which targets investments in stabilized or near stabilized real estate, and (iii) TPG RE Finance Trust, Inc. (NYSE: TRTX) (“TRTX”), our publicly traded commercial mortgage real estate investment trust (“REIT”).
•Market Solutions: Our Market Solutions platform leverages the broader TPG ecosystem to create differentiated products in order to address specific market opportunities. The Market Solutions platform products consist of Public Market Investing funds, Private Markets Solutions, Capital Markets activities, which seeks to acquire private equity positions on a secondary basis, and SPACs.
The investment adviser of our funds generally receives a management fee based on a percentage of the fund’s capital commitments, or the fund’s invested capital, depending on the fund’s terms and position in its lifecycle. The investment advisers to certain of our funds may also receive special fees, including transaction fees upon consummation of transactions, monitoring fees from portfolio companies following acquisition and other fees in connection with their activities. As part of its partnership interest in a fund and, in addition to a return on its capital interest in a fund, the general partner or an affiliate is generally entitled to receive performance allocations from a fund. Performance allocations are generally calculated on a realized basis, and each general partner (or affiliate) is generally entitled to an allocation of 20% of the net realized profits generated by such fund, subject to a preferred limited partner return typically of 8% per year.
Acquisition of Angelo Gordon
On November 1, 2023, the Company, TPG Operating Group II, L.P. (the “Acquiror”), an indirect subsidiary of TPG, and certain of their affiliated entities (collectively, the “TPG Parties”) completed the acquisition (the “Transaction”) of Angelo, Gordon & Co., L.P., AG Funds L.P. and AG Partner Investments, L.P. (collectively, “Angelo Gordon,” and, collectively with certain of Angelo Gordon’s affiliated entities and partners, the “Angelo Gordon Parties”) pursuant to the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Transaction Agreement (as amended, the “Transaction Agreement”), dated as of May 14, 2023, by and among the TPG Parties and the Angelo Gordon Parties.
The aggregate amount payable in connection with the Transaction consists of approximately (i) $728.0 million in cash, subject to certain adjustments; (ii) 53.0 million common units (“Common Units”) of the Acquiror (and an equal number of shares of Class B common stock), subject to certain adjustments; (iii) 8.4 million restricted stock units of the Company (“RSUs”) that, subject to the terms and conditions of the RSUs, will settle in shares of Class A common stock, subject to certain adjustments; (iv) rights to an amount of cash, payable in up to three payments of up to $50 million each, reflecting an aggregate of up to $150 million; and (v) rights to an earnout payment of up to $400 million in value (the “Earnout Payment”), subject to the satisfaction of certain fee-related revenue targets during the period beginning on January 1, 2026 and ending on December 31, 2026. The Earnout Payment is payable, at the Acquiror’s election, subject to certain limitations set forth in the Transaction Agreement, in cash, Common Units (and an equal number of shares of Class B common stock) (the “Earnout Equity Payment”), or a combination thereof. The shares of Class B common stock to be issued pursuant to the Transaction Agreement, including in connection with the Earnout Equity Payment if achieved and paid in shares of Class B common stock, will be issued upon effectiveness of the Certificate of Amendment of Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of TPG.
Operating Segments
We operate our business as a single operating and reportable segment, which is consistent with how our CEO, who is our chief operating decision maker, reviews financial performance and allocates resources. We operate collaboratively across platforms with a single expense pool.
Trends Affecting our Business
Our business is affected by a variety of factors, including conditions in the financial markets and economic and political conditions. Changes in global economic conditions and regulatory or other governmental policies or actions can materially affect the values of funds managed by TPG, as well as our ability to source attractive investments and deploy the capital that we have raised. However, we believe our disciplined investment philosophy across our diversified investment platforms and our shared investment themes focusing on attractive and resilient sectors of the global economy has historically contributed to the stability of our performance throughout market cycles.
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Following a strong first half of 2023, financial markets weakened and economic conditions tightened during the three months ending September 30, 2023. Monetary policy remained in focus during the quarter, with markets shifting their focus from the absolute level of peak rates to how long central banks will hold interest rates at elevated levels. Persistently high inflation, a strong labor market and commentary from Federal Reserve officials increased expectations that interest rates will remain high, which sparked a decline in longer dated bonds that reverberated throughout asset classes.
After steadily declining through the second quarter, inflation rose slightly during the three months ending September 30, 2023. Consumer prices, as evidenced by the U.S. Consumer Price Index (“CPI”), rose 3.2%, 3.7% and 3.7% in July, August and September, respectively, from the twelve months prior, up from the 3.0% increase for June. A rise in energy prices was a significant contributor, with crude oil prices rising nearly 30% during the quarter amid commentary from major global producers that they intend to extend production cuts. Core CPI, which excludes food and energy, showed a better trend by falling to 4.1% growth in September compared to the year prior, down from 4.8% as of the end of the second quarter of 2023. A strong labor market likewise continued to affect input prices. The economy added a net 799,000 jobs over July, August and September, with the September labor figures coming in particularly strong relative to expectations. Unemployment ticked up slightly in the quarter, rising to 3.8% from the 3.6% recorded as of the end of the second quarter of 2023.
With inflation hovering well above the Federal Reserve’s long-term target of 2%, the nation’s central bank continued its rate hiking cycle in the third quarter. Federal Reserve officials increased the target Fed Funds rate by 0.25% in July, bringing the target range up to 5.25% - 5.50%. The target range was kept steady during the Federal Reserve’s September meeting; however, updated projections indicated Federal Reserve officials expect fewer rate cuts in 2024 than previously expected, which initiated a sell-off in longer dated bonds.
U.S. Treasuries were weaker during the three months ending September 30, 2023, particularly at the longer end of the curve, in response to increased expectations for a prolonged, high interest rate environment. 10- and 30-year U.S. Treasury yields widened by 76 basis points and 85 basis points, respectively, with yields on the 10-year Treasury rising to 4.57% as of the end of the quarter. 10-year yields continued to move sharply post-quarter end, setting a new 16-year high of over 4.8% in early October. Conversely, short term rates rose only slightly, with the 2-year Treasury yield rising 17 basis points to close the quarter at 5.04%. The yield curve remains inverted but flattened during the quarter with the 2-year 10-year spread hitting its flattest level since May 2023. Corporate bonds were likewise weaker but fared better than Treasuries. The High Yield corporate bond index fell 1.0%, while Investment Grade bonds fell 3.7%. Spreads remained stable, tightening six basis points and two basis points respectively.
Major U.S. equity indices were notably weaker in the third quarter, ceding a portion of gains made during the first half of the year as the market pushed out expectations for rate cuts from the Federal Reserve. The S&P 500, Dow Jones and Nasdaq fell 3.6%, 2.6% and 4.1%, respectively, during the quarter, bringing gains for the year down to 11.7%, 1.1% and 6.3% as of September 30, 2023. The energy sector was one of the few standouts in the quarter, rising 11.3% amid the rise in commodity prices. Interest-rate sensitive sectors such as utilities and real estate lagged, falling 10.1% and 9.7%, respectively, during the quarter. Volatility, as measured by the CBOE Volatility Index, rose modestly to 17.5, up from 13.6 as of the end of the previous quarter.
Our portfolio was roughly flat in the third quarter of 2023, with a decrease in our public portfolio and slight increase in our private portfolio. This compares to the markets being broadly down, reflecting the resiliency of our portfolio.
In addition to these macroeconomic trends and market factors, our future performance is heavily dependent on our ability to attract new capital, generate strong, stable returns, source investments with attractive risk-adjusted returns and provide attractive investment products to a growing investor base. We believe the following factors will influence our future performance:
•The extent to which prospective fund investors favor alternative investments. Our ability to attract new capital is in part dependent on our current and prospective fund investors’ views of alternative investments relative to traditional asset classes. We believe that our fundraising efforts will continue to be subject to certain fundamental asset management trends, including (i) the increasing importance and market share of alternative investment strategies to fund investors of all types as fund investors focus on lower-correlated and absolute levels of return, (ii) the increasing demand for private markets from private wealth fund investors, (iii)
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shifting asset allocation policies of institutional fund investors in particular favoring private markets and (iv) increasing barriers to entry and growth.
•Our ability to generate strong, stable returns on behalf of our fund investors. Our ability to raise and retain capital is significantly dependent on our track record and the investment returns we are able to generate for our fund investors. The capital we raise drives growth in our AUM, fee earning assets under management, or “FAUM,” management fees and performance fees. Although our AUM, FAUM and fee-related revenues have grown significantly since our inception and in recent years, a significant deterioration in the returns we generate for our fund investors, adverse market conditions or an outflow of capital in the alternative asset management industry in general, or in the private equity segments in which we specialize, could negatively affect our future growth rate. In addition, market dislocations, contractions or volatility could adversely affect our returns in the future, which could in turn affect our fundraising abilities in the future, as both existing and prospective fund investors will consider our historical return profile in future asset allocations.
•Our ability to source investments with attractive risk-adjusted returns. Our ability to continue to grow our revenue is dependent on our continued ability to source attractive investments and efficiently deploy the capital that we have raised. Although the capital deployed in any one quarter may vary significantly from period to period due to the availability of attractive opportunities and the long-term nature of our investment strategies, we believe that our ability to efficiently and effectively invest our growing pool of fund capital puts us in a favorable position to maintain our revenue growth over time. Our ability to identify attractive investments and execute on those investments is dependent on a number of factors, including the general macroeconomic environment, market positioning, valuation, transaction size and the expected duration of such investment opportunities. A significant decrease in the quality or quantity of potential opportunities, particularly in our core focus sectors (including technology and healthcare), could adversely affect our ability to source investments with attractive risk-adjusted returns.
•The attractiveness of our product offerings to a broad and evolving investor base. Investors in our industry may have changing investment priorities and preferences over time, including with respect to risk appetite, portfolio allocation, desired returns and other considerations. Fund investors’ increasing desire to work with fewer managers has also resulted in heightened competition. We continue to expand and diversify our product offerings to increase investment options for our fund investors, while balancing this expansion with our goal of continuing to deliver consistent, attractive returns. Our track record of innovation and the organic incubation of new product platforms and strategies is representative of our adaptability and focus on delivering products that are in demand by our clients.
•Our ability to maintain our competitive advantage relative to competitors. Our data, analytical tools, deep industry knowledge, culture and teams allow us to provide our fund investors with attractive returns on their committed capital as well as customized investment solutions, including specialized services and reporting packages as well as experienced and responsive compliance, administration and tax capabilities. Our ability to maintain our advantage is dependent on a number of factors, including our continued access to a broad set of private market information, access to deal flow, retaining and developing our talent and our ability to grow our relationships with sophisticated partners.
Reorganization
We are a holding company and our only business is to act as the owner of the entities serving as the general partner of the TPG Operating Group partnerships and our only material assets are Common Units representing approximately 26.0% of the Common Units and 100% of the interests in certain intermediate holding companies as of September 30, 2023. In our capacity as the sole indirect owner of the entities serving as the general partner of the TPG Operating Group partnerships, we indirectly control all of the TPG Operating Group’s business and affairs.
Basis of Accounting
We consolidate the financial results of TPG Inc., TPG Operating Group and its consolidated subsidiaries, TPG’s management companies, the general partners of TPG funds and entities that meet the definition of a variable interest entity (“VIE”) for which we are considered the primary beneficiary.
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When an entity is consolidated, we reflect the accounts of the consolidated entity, including its assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses, investment income, cash flows and other amounts, on a gross basis. While the consolidation of an entity does not impact the amounts of net income attributable to controlling interests, the consolidation does impact the financial statement presentation in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). This is a result of the fact that the accounts of the consolidated entities being reflected on a gross basis, with intercompany transactions eliminated, while the allocable share of those amounts that are attributable to third parties are reflected as single line items. The single line items in which the accounts attributable to third parties are recorded are presented as non-controlling interests on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition and net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
We are not required under U.S. GAAP to consolidate the majority of investment funds we advise in our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements because we do not have a more than insignificant variable interest. Pursuant to U.S. GAAP, we consolidate certain Public SPACs. Management fees and performance allocations from the consolidated Public SPACs are eliminated in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. The assets and liabilities of the consolidated Public SPACs are generally held within separate legal entities and, as a result, the liabilities of the consolidated Public SPACs are non-recourse to us. Since we only consolidate a limited portion of our TPG investment funds, the performance of the consolidated Public SPACs is not necessarily consistent with or representative of the aggregate performance trends of our TPG investment funds.
Key Financial Measures
Our key financial and operating measures are discussed below.
Revenues
Fees and Other. Fees and other consists primarily of (i) management and incentive fees for providing investment management services to TPG funds, limited partners and other vehicles, and catch-up fees, also known as out of period management fees, which are fees paid in any given period that relate to a prior period, usually as the result of a new limited partner coming into a fund in a subsequent close; (ii) monitoring fees for providing services to portfolio companies; (iii) transaction fees for providing advisory services, debt and equity arrangements and underwriting and placement services; and (iv) expense reimbursements from unconsolidated funds, portfolio companies and third parties. These fee arrangements are documented within the contractual terms of the governing agreements and are recognized when earned, which generally coincides with the period during which the related services are performed and in the case of transaction fees, upon closing of the transaction. Monitoring fees may provide for a termination payment following an initial public offering or change of control. These termination payments are recognized in the period in which the related transaction closes.
Capital Allocation-Based Income (Loss). Capital allocation-based income (loss) is earned from the TPG funds when we have (i) a general partner’s capital interest and (ii) performance allocations which entitle us to a disproportionate allocation of investment income or loss from investment funds. We are entitled to a performance allocation (typically 20%) based on cumulative fund or account performance to date, irrespective of whether such amounts have been realized. These performance allocations are subject to the achievement of minimum return levels (typically 8%), in accordance with the terms set forth in the respective fund’s governing documents. We account for our investment balances in the TPG funds, including performance allocations, under the equity method of accounting because we are presumed to have significant influence as the general partner or managing member; however, we do not have control as defined by Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 810, Consolidation. The Company accounts for its general partner interests in capital allocation-based arrangements as financial instruments under ASC Topic 323, Investments – Equity Method and Joint Ventures as the general partner has significant governance rights in the TPG funds in which it invests which demonstrates significant influence. Accordingly, performance allocations are not deemed to be within the scope of ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”).
Expenses
Compensation and Benefits. Compensation and benefits expense includes (i) cash-based compensation and benefits, (ii) equity based compensation and (iii) performance allocation compensation. Bonuses are accrued over the service period to which they relate. In addition, we have equity-based compensation arrangements that require certain TPG executives and employees to vest ownership of a portion of their equity interests over a service period of generally one to six years, which under U.S. GAAP will result in compensation charges over current and future periods. In connection with our IPO, we granted restricted stock units (“RSUs”) to executives and employees. Distributions of performance allocations in the legal
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form of equity made directly or indirectly to our partners and professionals are allocated and distributed, when realized, pro rata based on ownership percentages in the underlying investment partnership and are accounted for as distributions on the equity held by such partners rather than as compensation and benefits expense prior to the Reorganization and IPO. We account for these distributions as performance allocation compensation.
General, Administrative and Other. General and administrative expenses include costs primarily related to professional services, occupancy, travel, communication and information services and other general operating items.
Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation and amortization of tenant improvements, furniture and equipment and intangible assets are expensed on a straight-line basis over the useful life of the asset.
Interest Expense. Interest expense includes interest paid and accrued on our outstanding debt and the amortization of deferred financing costs.
Expenses of Consolidated Public SPACs. Expenses of consolidated Public SPACs consist of interest expense and other expenses related primarily to professional services fees, research expenses, trustee fees, travel expenses and other costs associated with organizing and offering these entities.
Investment Income
Net Gains (Losses) from Investment Activities. Realized gains (losses) may be recognized when we redeem all or a portion of an investment interest or when we receive a distribution of capital. Unrealized gains (losses) result from the appreciation (depreciation) in the fair value of our investments. Fluctuations in net gains (losses) from investment activities between reporting periods are primarily driven by changes in the fair value of our investment portfolio and, to a lesser extent, the gains (losses) on investments disposed of during the period. The fair value of, as well as the ability to recognize gains (losses) from, our investments is significantly impacted by the global financial markets. This impact affects the net gains (losses) from investment activities recognized in any given period. Upon the disposition of an investment, previously recognized unrealized gains (losses) are reversed and an offsetting realized gain (loss) is recognized in the period in which the investment is sold. Since our investments are carried at fair value, fluctuations between periods could be significant due to changes to the inputs to our valuation process over time.
Interest, Dividends and Other. Interest income is recognized on an accrual basis to the extent that such amounts are expected to be collected using the effective interest method. Dividends and other investment income are recorded when the right to receive payment is established.
Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Derivative Liabilities of Consolidated Public SPACs. Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative liabilities of consolidated Public SPACs are changes in the fair value of derivative contracts entered into by our consolidated Public SPAC entities, which are included in current period earnings.
Interest, Dividends and Other of Consolidated Public SPACs. Interest income is recognized on an accrual basis to the extent that such amounts are expected to be collected using the effective interest method. Dividends and other investment income are recorded when the right to receive payment is established.
Income Tax Expense
The Company is treated as a corporation for U.S. federal and state income tax purposes. We are subject to U.S. federal and state income taxes, in addition to local and foreign income taxes, with respect to our allocable share of taxable income generated by the TPG Operating Group partnerships.
Non-Controlling Interests
For entities that are consolidated, but not 100% owned, a portion of the income or loss and corresponding equity is allocated to owners other than TPG. The aggregate of the income or loss and corresponding equity that is not owned by us is included in non-controlling interests in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Key Components of our Results of Operations
Results of Operations
The following table provides information regarding our condensed consolidated results of operations for the periods presented:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (dollars in thousands, except share and per share data) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fees and other | $ | 366,149 | $ | 333,496 | $ | 1,004,723 | $ | 896,456 | |||||||||||||||
| Capital allocation-based (loss) income | (205,794) | 227,628 | 402,051 | 667,096 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | 160,355 | 561,124 | 1,406,774 | 1,563,552 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Compensation and benefits: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash-based compensation and benefits | 123,160 | 116,753 | 359,278 | 348,751 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Equity-based compensation | 136,650 | 143,149 | 449,109 | 474,200 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Performance allocation compensation | (120,770) | 149,495 | 272,648 | 374,607 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total compensation and benefits | 139,040 | 409,397 | 1,081,035 | 1,197,558 | |||||||||||||||||||
| General, administrative and other | 101,596 | 95,533 | 311,013 | 275,468 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 7,701 | 7,372 | 24,227 | 24,629 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | 7,792 | 5,737 | 23,728 | 15,106 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Expenses of consolidated Public SPACs: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 81 | 567 | 1,053 | 2,547 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total expenses | 256,210 | 518,606 | 1,441,056 | 1,515,308 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Investment income (loss) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) from investments: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net (losses) gains from investment activities | (4,203) | 1,907 | 11,459 | (90,845) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest, dividends and other | 10,994 | 2,407 | 28,948 | 3,393 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Investment income of consolidated Public SPACs: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized gains on derivative liabilities of Public SPACs | 750 | 3,235 | 667 | 11,715 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest, dividends and other | 1,846 | 3,571 | 7,692 | 4,540 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total investment income (loss) | 9,387 | 11,120 | 48,766 | (71,197) | |||||||||||||||||||
| (Loss) income before income taxes | (86,468) | 53,638 | 14,484 | (22,953) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Income tax expense | 8,244 | 432 | 33,511 | 23,534 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net (loss) income | (94,712) | 53,206 | (19,027) | (46,487) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss attributable to redeemable equity in Public SPACs prior to Reorganization and IPO | — | — | — | (517) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to other non-controlling interests prior to Reorganization and IPO | — | — | — | 966 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to TPG Group Holdings prior to Reorganization and IPO | — | — | — | 5,256 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to redeemable equity in Public SPACs | 5,148 | 7,322 | 12,044 | 13,203 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests in TPG Operating Group | (49,556) | (6,898) | (100,354) | (140,679) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net (loss) income attributable to other non-controlling interests | (64,971) | 15,422 | 2,366 | 6,499 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to TPG Inc. subsequent to Reorganization and IPO | $ | 14,667 | $ | 37,360 | $ | 66,917 | $ | 68,785 | |||||||||||||||
54
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (dollars in thousands, except share and per share data) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) per share data: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) available to Class A common stock per share | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | 0.14 | $ | 0.44 | $ | 0.73 | $ | 0.82 | |||||||||||||||
| Diluted | $ | (0.09) | $ | 0.09 | $ | (0.08) | $ | (0.16) | |||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average shares of Class A common stock outstanding | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | 80,617,057 | 79,266,822 | 80,223,076 | 79,249,528 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Diluted | 309,269,698 | 308,919,463 | 309,201,724 | 308,902,169 | |||||||||||||||||||
Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
Revenues
Revenues consisted of the following for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | Change | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Management fees | $ | 278,965 | $ | 252,647 | $ | 26,318 | 10 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Transaction, monitoring and other fees, net | 31,614 | 15,952 | 15,662 | 98 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Expense reimbursements and other | 55,570 | 64,897 | (9,327) | (14) | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total fees and other | 366,149 | 333,496 | 32,653 | 10 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Performance allocations | (200,079) | 223,311 | (423,390) | (190) | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Capital interests | (5,715) | 4,317 | (10,032) | (232) | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total capital allocation-based income | (205,794) | 227,628 | (433,422) | (190) | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | $ | 160,355 | $ | 561,124 | $ | (400,769) | (71) | % | |||||||||||||||
Fees and other revenues increased by $32.7 million, or 10%, during the three months ended September 30, 2023, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022. This change resulted from a $26.3 million increase in management fees and a $15.7 million increase in transaction, monitoring and other fees, net, which was partially offset by a $9.3 million decrease in expense reimbursements and other.
Management Fees. Management fees, increased by $26.3 million, or 10%, for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022. This change was primarily driven by fee earning capital raised resulting in additional management fees of $19.8 million from TPG IX, $14.6 million from Asia VIII and $6.0 million from THP II, all of which were activated during the third quarter of 2022. These increases were partially offset by a decrease of $9.1 million in fees earned from Asia VII and $5.5 million from TPG VIII primarily resulting from a step down in fee earning AUM during the three months ended September 30, 2023.
Certain management fees totaling $24.6 million earned during the three months ended September 30, 2023 were considered catch-up fees as a result of additional capital commitments from limited partners. Catch-up fees primarily consisted of $9.6 million for TPG IX, $8.3 million for Asia VIII, $3.4 million for THP II and $1.5 million for TGS, all of which were activated in the third quarter of 2022.
Transaction, Monitoring and Other Fees, Net. Transaction, monitoring and other fees, net increased by $15.7 million, or 98%, for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022. This change was primarily driven by a $16.8 million increase in our Market Solutions platform as a result of increased capital markets activity among our portfolio companies involving our broker-dealer.
55
Expense Reimbursements and Other. Expense reimbursements and other decreased by $9.3 million, or 14%, for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022. This change was largely driven by a decrease in reimbursable expenses of $10.2 million during the three months ended September 30, 2023.
Performance Allocations. Performance allocations decreased by $423.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022. Realized performance allocations gains for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 totaled $249.0 million and $41.5 million, respectively. Unrealized performance allocation losses for the three months ended September 30, 2023 totaled $449.1 million. Unrealized performance allocation gains for the three months ended September 30, 2022 totaled $181.8 million.
The table below highlights performance allocations for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, and separates the entities listed into two categories to reflect the Reorganization: (i) TPG general partner entities from which the TPG Operating Group Common Unit holders are expected to receive a 20% performance allocation and (ii) TPG general partner entities from which the TPG Operating Group Common Unit holders are not expected to receive any performance allocation.
| Three Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | Change | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| TPG Operating Group Shared: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| TPG VII | $ | (22,767) | $ | (44,178) | $ | 21,411 | 48 | % | |||||||||||||||
| TPG VIII | (36,402) | 144,330 | (180,732) | (125) | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| TPG IX | 11,821 | — | 11,821 | NM | |||||||||||||||||||
Asia VI(1) | (5,393) | (41,039) | 35,646 | 87 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Asia VII | (31,644) | (36,152) | 4,508 | 12 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| THP I | (21,508) | 31,699 | (53,207) | (168) | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| THP II | 9,685 | — | 9,685 | NM | |||||||||||||||||||
| TES | 640 | 527 | 113 | 22 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| TPG AAF | 4,881 | 63,222 | (58,341) | (92) | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Platform: Capital | (90,687) | 118,409 | (209,096) | (177) | % | ||||||||||||||||||
Growth III(1) | (7,803) | (1,517) | (6,286) | (414) | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Growth IV | 4,614 | 14,475 | (9,861) | (68) | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Growth V | (5,651) | 49,190 | (54,841) | (111) | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| TTAD I | (16,075) | 2,412 | (18,487) | (766) | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| TDM | (2,547) | 3,550 | (6,097) | (172) | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Platform: Growth | (27,462) | 68,110 | (95,572) | (140) | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Rise I | 5,739 | 2,918 | 2,821 | 97 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Rise II | 4,955 | 31,996 | (27,041) | (85) | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Rise Climate | (3,713) | — | (3,713) | NM | |||||||||||||||||||
| Platform: Impact | 6,981 | 34,914 | (27,933) | (80) | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| TREP III | (6,756) | 2,594 | (9,350) | (360) | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Platform: Real Estate | (6,756) | 2,594 | (9,350) | (360) | % | ||||||||||||||||||
56
| Three Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | Change | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| TPEP | (11,793) | 342 | (12,135) | (3,548) | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| NewQuest III | (6,578) | (8,019) | 1,441 | 18 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| NewQuest IV | (2,957) | 7,314 | (10,271) | (140) | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| NewQuest V | 8,466 | — | 8,466 | NM | |||||||||||||||||||
| Platform: Market Solutions | (12,862) | (363) | (12,499) | (3,443) | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total TPG Operating Group Shared: | $ | (130,786) | $ | 223,664 | $ | (354,450) | (158) | % | |||||||||||||||
| TPG Operating Group Excluded: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| TPG IV | $ | (192) | $ | (153) | $ | (39) | (25) | % | |||||||||||||||
| TPG VI | 119 | (2,244) | 2,363 | 105 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Asia IV | — | (10) | 10 | NM | |||||||||||||||||||
| Asia V | (2,896) | (20,566) | 17,670 | 86 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| MMI | 75 | 165 | (90) | (54) | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| TPG TFP | — | (11) | 11 | NM | |||||||||||||||||||
| Platform: Capital | (2,894) | (22,819) | 19,925 | 87 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Growth II | (13,382) | 6,693 | (20,075) | (300) | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Gator | (43,196) | 8,729 | (51,925) | (595) | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Biotech III | (6,189) | 16,976 | (23,165) | (136) | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Biotech IV | (170) | (113) | (57) | (51) | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Platform: Growth | (62,937) | 32,285 | (95,222) | (295) | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| TREP II | (3,447) | (9,218) | 5,771 | 63 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| DASA - Real Estate | (15) | (572) | 557 | 97 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Platform: Real Estate | (3,462) | (9,790) | 6,328 | 65 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| TSI | — | (29) | 29 | NM | |||||||||||||||||||
| Platform: Impact | — | (29) | 29 | NM | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total TPG Operating Group Excluded | $ | (69,293) | $ | (353) | $ | (68,940) | NM | ||||||||||||||||
| Total Performance Allocations | $ | (200,079) | $ | 223,311 | $ | (423,390) | (190) | % | |||||||||||||||
___________
(1)After the Reorganization, we retained an economic interest in performance allocations from the Growth III and Asia VI general partner entities, which entitles us to a performance allocation equal to 10%; however, we allocate the full amount as performance allocation compensation expense. As such, net income available to controlling interest holders is zero for each of these funds following the Reorganization.
(2)The TPG Operating Group Excluded entities’ performance allocations are not a component of net income attributable to TPG following the Reorganization; however, the TPG general partner entities continue to be consolidated by us. We transferred the rights to the performance allocations the TPG Operating Group historically would have received to RemainCo on December 31, 2021. As such, net income available to controlling interest holders will be zero for each of the TPG Operating Group Excluded entities beginning January 1, 2022.
Performance allocation losses were $200.1 million for three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to performance allocation gains of $223.3 million for three months ended September 30, 2022. This change was primarily driven by net losses from TPG VII, TPG VIII, Asia VII, THP I and Gator, partially offset by income from TPG IX during the three months ended September 30, 2023. During the three months ended September 30, 2022, we recognized gains in TPG VIII, TPG AAF and Growth V, partially offset by losses from TPG VII, and Asia VI.
As of September 30, 2023, accrued performance allocations presented as investments in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition for Common Unit holders TPG Operating Group shared TPG general partner entities totaled $4.2 billion. As of September 30, 2023, accrued performance allocations presented as investments in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition for Common Unit holders TPG Operating Group excluded TPG general partner entities totaled $0.4 billion.
57
Capital Interests. Capital interests income decreased by $10.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022. This change was primarily attributable to losses from our investments in Asia VII, TPG VII and TPG VIII during the three months ended September 30, 2023. During the three months ended September 30, 2022, we recognized gains on our investments in TPG VIII, TPG AAF and Growth V, partially offset by losses from our investments in Asia VI, Asia VII, TPG VII and TRTX.
Expenses
Cash-Based Compensation and Benefits. Cash-based compensation and benefits expense increased $6.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022. This change was primarily driven by higher salaries and benefits resulting from an overall increase in headcount.
Equity-Based Compensation. Equity-based compensation expense decreased by $6.5 million, or 5%, for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022. This change was primarily attributable to the vesting and expense acceleration of certain Other Awards during the year ended December 31, 2022, partially offset by an increase in expense associated with RSUs granted to TPG employees and certain of our executives subsequent to September 30, 2022.
Performance Allocation Compensation. Performance allocation compensation decreased by $270.3 million, or 181%, for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022. This change was primarily attributable to the decrease in performance allocations that drives compensation attributable to our partners and professionals.
General, Administrative and Other. General and administrative expenses increased by $6.1 million, or 6%, for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022. This change was primarily driven by a $22.2 million increase in professional fees, partially offset by a decrease of $15.5 million in reimbursable expenses incurred on behalf of TPG funds during the three months ended September 30, 2023.
Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation and amortization increased by $0.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022.
Interest Expense. Interest expense increased by $2.1 million, or 36%, for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022 primarily due to higher interest rates on certain borrowings.
Expenses of Consolidated Public SPACs. Expenses of consolidated Public SPACs decreased by $0.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022.
Net (Losses) Gains from Investment Activities. Net (losses) gains from investment activities was a loss of $4.2 million for three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to a gain of $1.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. This change was primarily attributable to net losses of $1.8 million and $2.2 million from our investments in Vacasa, Inc. and Nerdy Inc., respectively, during the three months ended September 30, 2023.
Interest, Dividends and Other. Interest, dividends and other increased by $8.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022. This increase was primarily driven by additional interest income earned during the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022.
Unrealized Gains on Derivative Liabilities of Public SPACs. The $0.8 million and $3.2 million of unrealized gains on derivative instruments recognized during the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, were attributable to warrants issued by the consolidated Public SPAC entities and forward purchase agreements held by third parties. The warrants held by public investors and forward purchase agreements are treated as liability instruments rather than equity instruments and subject to mark-to-market adjustments each period. Upon the consummation of acquisitions of target companies by our Public SPACs or the wind down of a Public SPAC, the associated liability will no longer be included in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
58
Interest, Dividends and Other of Consolidated Public SPACs. Interest, dividends and other of consolidated Public SPACs decreased by $1.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022. This change was primarily driven by a decrease in Assets held in Trust Accounts due to the redemption of AFTR Class A Ordinary Shares during the three months ended September 30, 2023.
Income Tax Expense. Income tax expense increased by $7.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022 primarily due to an increase in fees and other revenue during the three months ended September 30, 2023.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Revenues
Revenues consisted of the following for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | Change | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Management fees | $ | 787,464 | $ | 670,306 | $ | 117,158 | 17 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Transaction, monitoring and other fees, net | 54,079 | 70,838 | (16,759) | (24) | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Expense reimbursements and other | 163,180 | 155,312 | 7,868 | 5 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total fees and other | 1,004,723 | 896,456 | 108,267 | 12 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Performance allocations | 377,974 | 635,784 | (257,810) | (41) | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Capital interests | 24,077 | 31,312 | (7,235) | (23) | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total capital allocation-based income | 402,051 | 667,096 | (265,045) | (40) | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | $ | 1,406,774 | $ | 1,563,552 | $ | (156,778) | (10) | % | |||||||||||||||
Fees and other revenues increased by $108.3 million, or 12%, during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. This change resulted from a $117.2 million increase in management fees, a $7.9 million increase in expense reimbursements and other and a $16.8 million decrease in transaction, monitoring and other fees, net.
Management Fees. Management fees increased by $117.2 million, or 17%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. This change was primarily driven by higher fee earning AUM resulting in additional management fees from TPG IX of $72.6 million, Asia VIII of $43.6 million and THP II of $18.9 million, all of which were activated during the third quarter of 2022, and Rise III of $22.5 million, which was activated in the second quarter of 2022. These increases were partially offset by a decline in management fees of $26.3 million from Asia VII and $15.1 million earned from TPG VIII resulting from step down in fee earning AUM during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022.
Certain management fees totaling $23.3 million earned during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 were considered catch-up fees as a result of additional capital commitments from limited partners. Catch-up fees primarily consisted of 8.8 million for TPG IX, $6.2 million for Asia VIII and $2.3 million for THP II, all of which were activated in the third quarter of 2022, and $4.4 million for Rise III, which was activated in the second quarter of 2022.
Transaction, Monitoring and Other Fees, Net. Transaction, monitoring and other fees, net decreased by $16.8 million, or 24%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. This change was driven by a $8.3 million decrease in transaction and incentive fees earned from portfolio companies in our Capital platform, a $5.2 million decrease in incentive fees earned from our Real Estate platform and a $3.1 million decrease in our Market Solutions platform as a result of less capital markets activity among our portfolio companies involving our broker-dealer.
Expense Reimbursements and Other. Expense reimbursements and other increased by $7.9 million, or 5%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. This change was largely driven by an increase in reimbursable expenses of $5.5 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.
59
Performance Allocations. Performance allocation income decreased by $257.8 million, or 41%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Realized performance allocations for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 totaled $433.3 million and $953.4 million, respectively. Unrealized performance allocation losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 totaled $55.3 million and $317.6 million, respectively.
The table below highlights performance allocations for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, and separates the entities listed into two categories to reflect the Reorganization: (i) TPG general partner entities from which the TPG Operating Group Common Unit holders are expected to receive a 20% performance allocation and (ii) TPG general partner entities from which the TPG Operating Group Common Unit holders are not expected to receive any performance allocation.
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | Change | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| TPG Operating Group Shared: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| TPG VII | $ | 38,010 | $ | 320,026 | $ | (282,016) | (88) | % | |||||||||||||||
| TPG VIII | 187,441 | 297,999 | (110,558) | (37) | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| TPG IX | 18,113 | — | 18,113 | NM | |||||||||||||||||||
Asia VI(1) | (38,062) | (76,064) | 38,002 | 50 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Asia VII | (7,501) | (36,112) | 28,611 | 79 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| THP I | 26,540 | 20,098 | 6,442 | 32 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| THP II | 16,496 | — | 16,496 | NM | |||||||||||||||||||
| TES | 1,672 | 10,833 | (9,161) | (85) | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| TPG AAF | 31,095 | 87,828 | (56,733) | (65) | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Platform: Capital | 273,804 | 624,608 | (350,804) | (56) | % | ||||||||||||||||||
Growth III(1) | (7,301) | (42,611) | 35,310 | 83 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Growth IV | 37,881 | (5,640) | 43,521 | 772 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Growth V | 35,816 | 65,353 | (29,537) | (45) | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| TTAD | (17,358) | 1,253 | (18,611) | (1,485) | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| TDM | (1,685) | 20,626 | (22,311) | (108) | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Platform: Growth | 47,353 | 38,981 | 8,372 | 21 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Rise I | (9,273) | (14,712) | 5,439 | 37 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Rise II | 40,302 | 24,283 | 16,019 | 66 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Rise Climate | 97,153 | — | 97,153 | NM | |||||||||||||||||||
| Platform: Impact | 128,182 | 9,571 | 118,611 | 1,239 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| TREP III | (16,156) | 36,359 | (52,515) | (144) | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Platform: Real Estate | (16,156) | 36,359 | (52,515) | (144) | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| TPEP | 20,898 | 9,716 | 11,182 | 115 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| NewQuest III | 556 | (8,517) | 9,073 | 107 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| NewQuest IV | 741 | 21,270 | (20,529) | (97) | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| NewQuest V | 8,466 | — | 8,466 | NM | |||||||||||||||||||
| Strategic Capital | — | (2,793) | 2,793 | NM | |||||||||||||||||||
| Platform: Market Solutions | 30,661 | 19,676 | 10,985 | 56 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total TPG Operating Group Shared: | $ | 463,844 | $ | 729,195 | $ | (265,351) | (36) | % | |||||||||||||||
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| Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | Change | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| TPG Operating Group Excluded: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| TPG IV | $ | (253) | $ | (312) | $ | 59 | 19 | % | |||||||||||||||
| TPG V | 3 | — | 3 | NM | |||||||||||||||||||
| TPG VI | (24,058) | (14,787) | (9,271) | (63) | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Asia IV | — | (52) | 52 | NM | |||||||||||||||||||
| Asia V | (31,661) | (41,874) | 10,213 | 24 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| MMI | 1,150 | (320) | 1,470 | 459 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| TPG TFP | — | (25) | 25 | NM | |||||||||||||||||||
| Platform: Capital | (54,819) | (57,370) | 2,551 | 4 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Growth II | (3,489) | 8,719 | (12,208) | (140) | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Gator | (27,689) | 11,490 | (39,179) | (341) | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Biotech III | 9,191 | (23,116) | 32,307 | 140 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Biotech IV | (362) | (215) | (147) | (69) | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Platform: Growth | (22,349) | (3,122) | (19,227) | (616) | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| TREP II | (7,599) | (19,617) | 12,018 | 61 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| DASA RE | (1,103) | 298 | (1,401) | (470) | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Platform: Real Estate | (8,702) | (19,319) | 10,617 | 55 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| TSI | — | 131 | (131) | NM | |||||||||||||||||||
| Evercare | — | (13,731) | 13,731 | NM | |||||||||||||||||||
| Platform: Impact | — | (13,600) | 13,600 | NM | |||||||||||||||||||
Total TPG Operating Group Excluded(2) | $ | (85,870) | $ | (93,411) | $ | 7,541 | 8 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Total Performance Allocations | $ | 377,974 | $ | 635,784 | $ | (257,810) | (41) | % | |||||||||||||||
___________
(1)After the Reorganization, we retained an economic interest in performance allocations from the Growth III and Asia VI general partner entities, which entitles us to a performance allocation equal to 10%; however, we intend to allocate the full amount as performance allocation compensation expense. As such, net income available to controlling interest holders is zero for each of these funds following the Reorganization.
(2)The TPG Operating Group Excluded entities’ performance allocations are not a component of net income attributable to TPG following the Reorganization; however, the TPG general partner entities continue to be consolidated by us. We transferred the rights to the performance allocations the TPG Operating Group historically would have received to RemainCo on December 31, 2021. As such, net income available to controlling interest holders will be zero for each of the TPG Operating Group Excluded entities beginning January 1, 2022. See “Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Financial Information and Other Data” which reflects the projected impact of the Reorganization.
Performance allocation income was $378.0 million for nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to $635.8 million for nine months ended September 30, 2022. This change was primarily driven by net gains from TPG VII, TPG VIII, TPG AAF, Growth IV, Growth V, Rise II and Rise Climate, partially offset by losses from Asia V and Asia VI during the nine months ended September 30, 2023. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we recognized gains in TPG VII, TPG VIII, TPG AAF, Growth V and TREP III, partially offset by losses from Asia V, Asia VI and Growth III.
As of September 30, 2023, accrued performance allocations presented as investments in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition for Common Unit holders TPG Operating Group shared TPG general partner entities totaled $4.2 billion. As of September 30, 2023, accrued performance allocations presented as investments in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition for Common Unit holders TPG Operating Group excluded TPG general partner entities totaled $0.4 billion.
Capital Interests. Capital interests income decreased by $7.2 million, or 23%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. This change was primarily attributable to gains from our investments in TPG VII, TPG VIII and Rise Climate offset by losses from our investments in Asia VI during the nine months ended September 30, 2023. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we recognized gains on our investments in TPG VII, TPG VIII and TPG AAF, partially offset by net losses from our investments in Asia VI and TRTX.
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Expenses
Cash-Based Compensation and Benefits. Cash-based compensation and benefits expense increased by $10.5 million, or 3%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. This change was primarily driven by an increase in salaries and benefits driven by an increase in headcount.
Equity-based Compensation. Equity-based compensation expense decreased by $25.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. This change was primarily attributable to the vesting of certain Other Awards during the year ended December 31, 2022, partially offset by an increase in expense associated with RSUs granted to TPG employees and certain of our executives during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.
Performance Allocation Compensation. Performance allocation compensation decreased by $102.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. This change was primarily attributable to the decrease in performance allocations that drives compensation attributable to our partners and professionals.
General, Administrative and Other. General and administrative expenses increased by $35.5 million, or 13%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. This change was primarily driven by a $55.1 million increase in professional fees and an increase of $13.4 million in travel and other administrative expenses, partially offset by a decrease of $20.6 million related to an insurance policy purchased in connection with the IPO during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, and a decrease of $8.9 million in reimbursable expenses incurred on behalf of TPG funds during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.
Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation and amortization decreased by $0.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022.
Interest Expense. Interest expense increased by $8.6 million, or 57%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022 primarily due to higher interest rates on certain borrowings.
Expenses of Consolidated Public SPACs. Expenses of consolidated Public SPACs decreased by $1.5 million, or 59%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022.
Net Gains (Losses) from Investment Activities. Net gains (losses) from investment activities was a gain of $11.5 million for nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to a loss of $90.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. This change was primarily attributable to a net loss of $7.4 million from our investments in Vacasa, Inc. and a net gain of $18.1 million from our investments in NRDY during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.
Interest, Dividends and Other. Interest, dividends and other increased by $25.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. This change was primarily driven by additional interest income earned due to higher interest rates during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022.
Unrealized Gains on Derivative Liabilities of Public SPACs. The $0.7 million and $11.7 million of unrealized gain on derivative instruments recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, were attributable to warrants issued by the consolidated Public SPAC entities and forward purchase agreements held by third parties. The warrants held by public investors and forward purchase agreements are treated as liability instruments rather than equity instruments and subject to mark-to-market adjustments each period. Upon the consummation of acquisitions of target companies by our Public SPACs or the wind down of a Public SPAC, the associated liability will no longer be included in our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Interest, Dividends and Other of Public SPACs. Interest, dividends and other of consolidated TPG Funds and Public SPACs increased by $3.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. This change was primarily driven by a decrease in Assets held in Trust Accounts due to the redemption of YTPG Class A Ordinary Shares and AFTR Class A Ordinary Shares during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.
Income Tax Expense. Income tax expense increased by $10.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022 primarily due to an increase fees and other revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.
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Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition (U.S. GAAP basis)
| September 30, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | ||||||||||
| ($ in thousands) | |||||||||||
| Assets | |||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 1,224,484 | $ | 1,107,484 | |||||||
| Investments | 5,308,316 | 5,329,868 | |||||||||
| Due from affiliates | 209,941 | 202,639 | |||||||||
| Other assets | 640,296 | 642,558 | |||||||||
| Assets of consolidated Public SPACs | — | 659,189 | |||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 7,383,037 | $ | 7,941,738 | |||||||
| Liabilities, Redeemable Equity and Equity | |||||||||||
| Debt obligations | $ | 443,822 | $ | 444,566 | |||||||
| Due to affiliates | 169,903 | 139,863 | |||||||||
| Accrued performance allocation compensation | 3,245,268 | 3,269,889 | |||||||||
| Other liabilities | 484,817 | 324,261 | |||||||||
| Liabilities of consolidated Public SPACs | — | 23,653 | |||||||||
| Total liabilities | $ | 4,343,810 | $ | 4,202,232 | |||||||
| Redeemable equity from consolidated Public SPACs | $ | — | $ | 653,635 | |||||||
| Equity | |||||||||||
| Class A common stock $0.001 par value, 2,340,000,000 shares authorized (80,587,371 and 79,240,058 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively) | $ | 80 | $ | 79 | |||||||
| Class B common stock $0.001 par value, 750,000,000 shares authorized (228,652,641 and 229,652,641 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively) | 229 | 230 | |||||||||
| Preferred stock, $0.001 par value, 25,000,000 shares authorized (0 issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively) | — | — | |||||||||
| Additional paid-in-capital | 542,398 | 506,639 | |||||||||
| Retained (deficit) earnings | (7,564) | 2,724 | |||||||||
| Other non-controlling interests | 2,504,084 | 2,576,199 | |||||||||
| Total equity | 3,039,227 | 3,085,871 | |||||||||
| Total liabilities, redeemable equity and equity | $ | 7,383,037 | $ | 7,941,738 | |||||||
Cash and cash equivalents increased $117.0 million primarily due to proceeds received from fund realizations.
Investments decreased $21.6 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 primarily due to net proceeds of $438.3 million, which was partially offset by net capital allocation-based income of $402.1 million. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, our investments have generated realized and unrealized portfolio appreciation of 5%.
Accrued performance allocation compensation decreased $24.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, primarily attributable to settlements of performance allocation compensation of $298.4 million, partially offset by net increases in performance fee compensation expense of $272.6 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.
Redeemable equity from consolidated Public SPACs decreased $653.6 million primarily due to the redemption of Class A ordinary shares of YTPG and AFTR during the nine months ended September 30, 2023. See Note 10 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Total equity decreased $46.6 million, primarily due the payments of dividends and distributions to our Class A common stockholders and to holders of non-controlling interests in subsidiaries.
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Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Distributable Earnings. Distributable Earnings (“DE”) is used to assess performance and amounts potentially available for distributions to partners. DE is derived from and reconciled to, but not equivalent to, its most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure of net income. DE differs from U.S. GAAP net income computed in accordance with U.S. GAAP in that it does not include (i) unrealized performance allocations and related compensation and benefit expense, (ii) unrealized investment income, (iii) equity-based compensation expense, (iv) net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated entities, or (v) certain non-cash items, such as contingent reserves.
While we believe that the inclusion or exclusion of the aforementioned U.S. GAAP income statement items provides investors with a meaningful indication of our core operating performance, the use of DE without consideration of the related U.S. GAAP measures is not adequate due to the adjustments described herein. This measure supplements U.S. GAAP net income and should be considered in addition to and not in lieu of the results of operations presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP discussed further under “—Key Components of our Results of Operations—Results of Operations” prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
After-Tax Distributable Earnings. After-tax Distributable Earnings (“After-tax DE”) is a non-GAAP performance measure of our distributable earnings after reflecting the impact of income taxes. We use it to assess how income tax expense affects amounts available to be distributed to our Class A common stock holders and Common Unit holders. After-tax DE differs from U.S. GAAP net income computed in accordance with U.S. GAAP in that it does not include the items described in the definition of DE herein; however, unlike DE, it does reflect the impact of income taxes. Income taxes, for purposes of determining After-tax DE, represent the total U.S. GAAP income tax expense adjusted to include only the current tax expense (benefit) calculated on U.S. GAAP net income before income tax and includes the current payable under our Tax Receivable Agreement, which is recorded within other liabilities in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. Further, the current tax expense (benefit) utilized when determining After-tax DE reflects the benefit of deductions available to the Company on certain expense items that are excluded from the underlying calculation of DE, such as equity-based compensation charges. We believe that including the amount currently payable under the Tax Receivable Agreement and utilizing the current income tax expense (benefit), as described above, when determining After-tax DE is meaningful as it increases comparability between periods and more accurately reflects earnings that are available for distribution to shareholders.
We believe that while the inclusion or exclusion of the aforementioned U.S. GAAP income statement items provides investors with a meaningful indication of our core operating performance, the use of After-tax DE without consideration of the related U.S. GAAP measures is not adequate due to the adjustments described herein. This measure supplements U.S. GAAP net income and should be considered in addition to and not in lieu of the results of operations presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP discussed further under “—Key Components of our Results of Operations-Results of Operations.”
Fee-Related Earnings. Fee-Related Earnings (“FRE”) is a supplemental performance measure and is used to evaluate our business and make resource deployment and other operational decisions. FRE differs from net income computed in accordance with U.S. GAAP in that it adjusts for the items included in the calculation of DE and also adjusts to exclude (i) realized performance allocations and related compensation expense, (ii) realized investment income from investments and financial instruments, (iii) net interest (interest expense less interest income), (iv) depreciation, (v) amortization and (vi) certain non-core income and expenses. We use FRE to measure the ability of our business to cover compensation and operating expenses from fee revenues other than capital allocation-based income. The use of FRE without consideration of the related U.S. GAAP measures is not adequate due to the adjustments described herein.
Fee-Related Revenues. Fee-related revenues is a component of FRE. Fee-related revenues is comprised of (i) management fees, (ii) transaction, monitoring and other fees, net, and (iii) other income. Fee-related revenue differs from revenue computed in accordance with U.S. GAAP in that it excludes certain reimbursement expense arrangements. Refer to “—Reconciliation to U.S. GAAP Measures” to the comparable line items on the combined statements of operations.
Fee-Related Expenses. Fee-related expenses is a component of FRE. Fee-related expenses differs from expenses computed in accordance with U.S. GAAP in that it is net of certain reimbursement arrangements. Fee-related expenses is used in management’s review of the business. Refer to “—Reconciliation to U.S. GAAP Measures” to the comparable line items on the combined statements of operations.
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Fee-related revenues and fee-related expenses are presented separately in our calculation of non-GAAP measures in order to better illustrate the profitability of our FRE. The use of fee-related revenues and FRE without consideration of the related U.S. GAAP measures is not adequate due to the adjustments described herein.
Our calculations of DE, FRE, fee-related revenues and fee-related expenses may differ from the calculations of other investment managers. As a result, these measures may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other investment managers.
The following table sets forth our total FRE and DE for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fee-Related Revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Management fees | $ | 278,503 | $ | 254,510 | $ | 783,113 | $ | 679,927 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transaction, monitoring and other fees, net | 30,892 | 14,909 | 52,428 | 62,833 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other income | 11,947 | 12,874 | 36,986 | 35,937 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fee-Related Revenues | 321,342 | 282,293 | 872,527 | 778,697 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fee-Related Expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Compensation and benefits, net | 99,605 | 96,758 | 295,648 | 290,492 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating expenses, net | 65,670 | 64,324 | 196,099 | 173,208 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fee-Related Expenses | 165,275 | 161,082 | 491,747 | 463,700 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fee-Related Earnings | $ | 156,067 | $ | 121,211 | $ | 380,780 | $ | 314,997 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Realized performance allocations, net | 43,376 | 4,977 | 55,031 | 187,344 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Realized investment income and other, net | 5,672 | (336) | (22,265) | 22,400 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation expense | (1,235) | (280) | (3,579) | (3,319) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense, net | 2,706 | (4,077) | 2,489 | (12,763) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Distributable Earnings | $ | 206,586 | $ | 121,495 | $ | 412,456 | $ | 508,659 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income taxes | (11,007) | (8,678) | (32,797) | (34,942) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| After-Tax Distributable Earnings | $ | 195,579 | $ | 112,817 | $ | 379,659 | $ | 473,717 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
Fee-Related Revenues
Fee-related revenues increased by $39.0 million, or 14%, for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022. The change was primarily due to additional management fees of $24.0 million and transaction, monitoring and other fees, net of $16.0 million.
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Management Fees
The following table presents management fees in our platforms for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| ($ in thousands) | |||||||||||
| Capital | $ | 134,305 | $ | 113,131 | |||||||
| Impact | 49,101 | 46,961 | |||||||||
| Growth | 38,134 | 36,103 | |||||||||
| Real Estate | 36,170 | 40,875 | |||||||||
| Market Solutions | 20,793 | 17,440 | |||||||||
| Total Management Fees | $ | 278,503 | $ | 254,510 | |||||||
Management fees increased by $24.0 million, or 9%, for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022. The change was largely due to additional management fees of $21.2 million earned from the Capital platform, primarily as a result of the initial activation of TPG IX, Asia VIII and THP II during the third quarter of 2022, partially offset by a decrease in management fees earned from Asia VII primarily resulting from a step down in fee earning AUM. Management fees increased $2.1 million in the Impact platform, largely driven by additional closes in Rise III, and $2.0 million in the Growth platform, primarily attributable to additional actively invested capital in TTAD II and the activation of LSI during the first quarter of 2023. Management fees decreased $4.7 million in the Real Estate platform primarily from a step down in fee earning AUM of TREP III.
Certain management fees earned during the three months ended September 30, 2023 were considered catch-up fees as a result of additional capital commitments from limited partners, totaling $24.6 million for the period. In the Capital platform, catch-up fees amounted to $21.3 million, consisting of $9.6 million for TPG IX, $8.3 million for Asia VIII and $3.4 million from THP II, all of which were activated in the third quarter of 2022. The Market Solutions platform had catch-up fees of $1.5 million from TGS, which was activated in the third quarter of 2022.
Transaction, Monitoring and Other Fees, Net
The following table presents transaction, monitoring and other fees, net in our platforms for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| ($ in thousands) | |||||||||||
| Market Solutions | $ | 28,583 | $ | 11,864 | |||||||
| Impact | 1,560 | 1,599 | |||||||||
| Capital | 696 | 963 | |||||||||
| Growth | 53 | 133 | |||||||||
| Real Estate | — | 350 | |||||||||
| Total Transaction, Monitoring and Other Fees, Net | $ | 30,892 | $ | 14,909 | |||||||
Transaction, monitoring and other fees, net increased by $16.0 million, or 107%, for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022. This change was primarily attributable to an increase in our Market Solutions platform as a result of increased capital markets activity among our portfolio companies involving our broker-dealer.
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Other Income
The following table presents other income for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| ($ in thousands) | |||||||||||
| Former affiliate funds | $ | 8,147 | $ | 6,936 | |||||||
| Other income | 3,800 | 5,938 | |||||||||
| Total Other Income | $ | 11,947 | $ | 12,874 | |||||||
Total other income decreased by $0.9 million, or 7%, for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022.
Fee-Related Expenses
Fee-related expenses increased by $4.2 million, or 3%, during the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022. This change was primarily due to an increase in compensation and benefits, net of $2.8 million and operating expenses, net of $1.3 million.
Compensation and Benefits, Net
The following table presents compensation and benefits, net for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| ($ in thousands) | |||||||||||
| Salaries | $ | 53,817 | $ | 50,466 | |||||||
| Bonuses | 48,302 | 49,278 | |||||||||
| Benefits and other | 16,773 | 14,408 | |||||||||
| Reimbursements | (19,286) | (17,394) | |||||||||
| Total Compensation and Benefits, Net | $ | 99,605 | $ | 96,758 | |||||||
Compensation and benefits, net increased by $2.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022. This change was primarily due to increased salaries of $3.4 million as a result of headcount growth, partially offset by increased compensation reimbursements related to services provided to certain fund and portfolio companies.
Operating Expenses, Net
Operating expenses, net includes general and administrative expenses as well as reimbursements for professional services and travel expenses related to investment management and advisory services provided to TPG funds and monitoring services provided to our portfolio companies. Operating expenses, net increased by $1.3 million, or 2%, for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022. This change was primarily due to an increase in professional fees.
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Realized Performance Allocations, Net
The following table presents realized performance allocations, net from our platforms for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| ($ in thousands) | |||||||||||
| Capital | $ | 42,693 | $ | 3,324 | |||||||
| Impact | 683 | 1,660 | |||||||||
| Market Solutions | — | (7) | |||||||||
| Total Realized Performance Allocations, Net | $ | 43,376 | $ | 4,977 | |||||||
Realized performance allocations, net of $43.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 were generated from realizations of $38.9 million from TPG AAF and $3.8 million from TPG VIII in the Capital platform and $0.7 million from Rise Climate in the Impact platform. The activity consisted of realizations sourced from portfolio companies, including Creative Artists Agency and DirecTV.
Realized performance allocations, net of $5.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 were largely generated from realizations of $3.3 million from TPG VIII within the Capital platform. Realizations within the Impact platform of $1.7 million were generated from Rise I. The activity consisted of realizations sourced from portfolio companies, including DirecTV, EverFi and Dodla Dairy (NSE: DODLA).
Realized Investment Income and Other, Net
The following table presents realized investment income and other, net for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| ($ in thousands) | |||||||||||
| Investments in TPG funds | $ | 20,704 | $ | 2,390 | |||||||
| Non-core income (expense) | (15,032) | (2,726) | |||||||||
| Total Realized Investment Income and Other, Net | $ | 5,672 | $ | (336) | |||||||
The increase in realized investment income and other, net of $6.0 million during the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022 resulted primarily from an increase in realizations from certain investments in TPG funds, partially offset by an increase in non-core transaction related expenses. For the three months ended September 30, 2023, our non-core activity includes $9.2 million in costs related to the acquisition of Angelo Gordon.
Depreciation
Depreciation expense increased $1.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022.
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Interest Expense, Net
The following table presents interest expense, net for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| ($ in thousands) | |||||||||||
| Interest expense | $ | 7,792 | $ | 5,737 | |||||||
| Interest (income) | (10,498) | (1,660) | |||||||||
| Interest Expense, Net | $ | (2,706) | $ | 4,077 | |||||||
The change in interest expense, net during the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022 was primarily due to higher interest rates on our firm’s cash holdings, partially offset by a corresponding increase in interest rates on certain borrowings.
Distributable Earnings
The increase in DE for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022 was primarily due to higher realized performance allocations, net, increased Fee-Related Earnings and higher realized investment income and other, net.
Income Taxes
Income taxes increased $2.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022 primarily due to an increase in taxable income.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Fee-Related Revenues
Fee-related revenues increased by $93.8 million, or 12%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase was primarily due to additional management fees of $103.2 million, partially offset by a decrease in transaction, monitoring and other fees, net of $10.4 million.
Management Fees
The following table presents management fees in our platforms for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| ($ in thousands) | |||||||||||
| Capital | $ | 352,695 | $ | 274,951 | |||||||
| Impact | 147,507 | 132,291 | |||||||||
| Real Estate | 114,685 | 113,516 | |||||||||
| Growth | 112,285 | 104,687 | |||||||||
| Market Solutions | 55,941 | 54,482 | |||||||||
| Total Management Fees | $ | 783,113 | $ | 679,927 | |||||||
Management fees increased by $103.2 million, or 15%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. This change was largely due to an increase in management fees of $77.7 million within the Capital platform, primarily driven by additional closes in TPG IX, Asia VIII and THP II, partially offset by a decrease in management fees from Asia VII and TPG VIII primarily resulting from a step down in fee earning AUM. Management fees for the Impact platform grew $15.2 million primarily due to additional commitments to Rise III. Management fees in the Real Estate platform increased $1.2 million driven by TREP IV, which had additional
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commitments in the second quarter of 2022, partially offset by a decrease in management fees from TREP III, primarily resulting from a step down in fee earning AUM. Management fees for the Growth platform increased $7.6 million primarily from additional actively invested capital in TTAD II, and the activation of LSI in the first quarter of 2023. Management fees for the Market Solutions platform increased $1.5 million primarily due to the activation of NewQuest V in the fourth quarter of 2022.
Certain management fees earned during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 were considered catch-up fees as a result of additional capital commitments from limited partners, totaling $23.3 million for the period. In the Capital platform, catch-up fees amounted to $17.2 million, consisting of $8.8 million for TPG IX, $6.2 million for Asia VIII and $2.3 million for THP II, all of which were activated in the third quarter of 2022. Rise III within the Impact platform, which was activated in the second quarter of 2022, had $4.4 million in catch-up fees. The Market Solutions platform had catch-up fees of $1.3 million from TGS, which was activated in the third quarter of 2022.
Transaction, Monitoring and Other Fees, Net
The following table presents transaction, monitoring and other fees, net in our platforms for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| ($ in thousands) | |||||||||||
| Market Solutions | $ | 44,895 | $ | 47,848 | |||||||
| Impact | 4,766 | 5,069 | |||||||||
| Capital | 2,487 | 4,194 | |||||||||
| Growth | 280 | 541 | |||||||||
| Real Estate | — | 5,181 | |||||||||
| Total Transaction, Monitoring and Other Fees, Net | $ | 52,428 | $ | 62,833 | |||||||
Transaction, monitoring and other fees, net decreased by $10.4 million, or 17%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. This decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease in our Market Solutions platform as a result of decreased capital markets activity among our portfolio companies involving our broker-dealer.
Other Income
The following table presents other income for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| ($ in thousands) | |||||||||||
| Former affiliate funds | $ | 24,348 | $ | 20,889 | |||||||
| Other income | 12,638 | 15,048 | |||||||||
| Total Other Income | $ | 36,986 | $ | 35,937 | |||||||
Total other income increased by $1.0 million, or 3%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022.
Fee-Related Expenses
Fee-related expenses increased by $28.0 million, or 6%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase was primarily comprised of higher operating expenses, net of $22.9 million and an increase in compensation and benefits, net of $5.2 million.
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Compensation and Benefits, Net
The following table presents compensation and benefits, net for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| ($ in thousands) | |||||||||||
| Salaries | $ | 160,822 | $ | 147,212 | |||||||
| Bonuses | 138,899 | 145,130 | |||||||||
| Benefits and other | 53,540 | 50,628 | |||||||||
| Reimbursements | (57,613) | (52,478) | |||||||||
| Total Compensation and Benefits, Net | $ | 295,648 | $ | 290,492 | |||||||
Total compensation and benefits, net increased by $5.2 million, or 2%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. This change was primarily due to an increase in salaries of $13.6 million as a result of headcount growth. This increase was partially offset of by a reduction of $6.2 million in bonuses, and increased compensation reimbursements related to services provided to certain fund and portfolio companies of $5.1 million.
Operating Expenses, Net
Operating expenses, net includes general and administrative expenses as well as reimbursements for professional services and travel expenses related to investment management and advisory services provided to TPG funds and monitoring services provided to our portfolio companies. Operating expenses, net amounted to $196.1 million and $173.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
The increase in operating expenses, net of $22.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was primarily due to an increase in professional fees and other administrative expenses of $14.0 million, and travel expenses of $5.8 million.
Realized Performance Allocations, Net
The following table presents realized performance allocations, net from our platforms for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| ($ in thousands) | |||||||||||
| Capital | $ | 49,060 | $ | 161,449 | |||||||
| Real Estate | 4,075 | 1,110 | |||||||||
| Growth | 1,097 | 8,660 | |||||||||
| Impact | 799 | 15,957 | |||||||||
| Market Solutions | — | 168 | |||||||||
| Total Realized Performance Allocations, Net | $ | 55,031 | $ | 187,344 | |||||||
Realized performance allocations, net of $55.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 were largely generated from realizations of $38.9 million from TPG AAF and $10.1 million from TPG VIII in the Capital platform, $0.7 million from Rise Climate in the Impact platform, and $4.1 million from TREP III within the Real Estate platform. Realization of $1.1 million were attributable to TTAD I in the Growth platform. The activity consisted of realizations sourced from portfolio companies, including Creative Artists Agency, DirecTV and Alloy Properties.
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Realized performance allocations, net of $187.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 were largely generated from realizations of $108.1 from TPG VII, $20.8 million from TPG VIII and $19.4 million from Asia VII within the Capital platform. Realizations within the Impact platform of $16.0 million were generated from Rise I. The activity consisted of realizations sourced from portfolio companies, including McAfee, Kelsey-Seybold Clinics, Greencross (ASX: GXL), DirecTV, EverFi and Renaissance Learning.
Realized Investment Income and Other, Net
The following table presents realized investment income and other, net for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| ($ in thousands) | |||||||||||
| Investments in TPG funds | $ | 22,435 | $ | 52,969 | |||||||
| Non-core income (expense) | (44,700) | (30,569) | |||||||||
| Total Realized Investment Income and Other, Net | $ | (22,265) | $ | 22,400 | |||||||
Realized investment income and other, net decreased by $44.7 million, or 199%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. This decrease resulted primarily from a decline in realizations from our TPG funds, and additional non-core expenses of $14.1 million. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, our non-core activity includes $33.8 million in expenses related to the acquisition of Angelo Gordon.
Depreciation
Depreciation expense increased $0.3 million, or 8%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022.
Interest Expense, Net
The following table presents interest expense, net for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| ($ in thousands) | |||||||||||
| Interest expense | $ | 23,731 | $ | 15,096 | |||||||
| Interest (income) | (26,220) | (2,333) | |||||||||
| Interest Expense, Net | $ | (2,489) | $ | 12,763 | |||||||
The change in interest expense, net during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was primarily due to higher interest rates on our firm’s cash holdings, partially offset by a corresponding increase in interest rates on certain borrowings.
Distributable Earnings
The decrease in DE for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was primarily due to lower realized performance allocations, net and realized investment income and other, net, partially offset by an increase in our Fee-Related Earnings.
Income Taxes
Income taxes decreased $2.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease in income taxes is a result of lower realized performance fees, net.
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Unaudited Non-GAAP Balance Sheet Measures
Book assets, book liabilities and net book value are non-GAAP performance measures of TPG Operating Group’s assets, liabilities and equity on a deconsolidated basis which reflects our investments in subsidiaries as equity method investments. Additionally, the book assets, book liabilities and net book value include the tax assets and liabilities of TPG Inc. We utilize these measures to assess the unrealized value of our book assets after deducting for book liabilities as well as assess our indirect interest in accrued performance allocations from our TPG funds and our co-investments in TPG funds and third-party investments. We believe these measures are useful to investors as they provide additional insight into the net assets of the TPG Operating Group on a deconsolidated basis. These non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered as a substitute for, or superior to, similar financial measures calculated in accordance with U.S. GAAP. These non-GAAP financial measures may differ from the calculations of other alternative asset managers and, as a result, may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other companies. Refer to “––Reconciliation to U.S. GAAP Measures” for reconciliations of the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition to the non-GAAP Balance Sheet.
The following table sets forth our non-GAAP book assets, book liabilities and net book value as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:
| ($ in thousands) | September 30, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | |||||||||
| Book Assets | |||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 646,674 | $ | 691,687 | |||||||
| Restricted cash | 13,328 | 13,166 | |||||||||
| Accrued performance allocations | 692,095 | 642,519 | |||||||||
| Investments in funds | 591,038 | 576,814 | |||||||||
| Other assets | 609,154 | 576,241 | |||||||||
| Total Book Assets | $ | 2,552,289 | $ | 2,500,427 | |||||||
| Book Liabilities | |||||||||||
| Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other | $ | 56,367 | $ | 48,183 | |||||||
| Secured borrowings, net | 245,490 | 245,259 | |||||||||
| Senior unsecured term loan, net | 198,332 | 199,307 | |||||||||
| Total Book Liabilities | $ | 500,189 | $ | 492,749 | |||||||
| Net Book Value | $ | 2,052,100 | $ | 2,007,678 | |||||||
During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, net book value increased primarily due to an increase in accrued performance allocations and investments in funds driven by value creation of 5% over the period, primarily associated with TPG VIII, Rise Climate, Growth V, Growth IV and TPG VII. This was partially offset by the distribution of proceeds received during the year ended December 31, 2022.
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Reconciliation to U.S. GAAP Measures
The following tables reconcile the most directly comparable financial measures calculated and presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP to non-GAAP financial measures for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:
Revenue
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| GAAP Revenue | $ | 160,355 | $ | 561,124 | $ | 1,406,774 | $ | 1,563,552 | |||||||||||||||
| Capital-allocation based income (loss) | 205,794 | (227,628) | (402,051) | (667,096) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Expense reimbursements | (44,050) | (54,219) | (128,404) | (122,918) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Investment income and other | (757) | 3,016 | (3,792) | 5,159 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Fee-Related Revenues | $ | 321,342 | $ | 282,293 | $ | 872,527 | $ | 778,697 | |||||||||||||||
Expenses
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| GAAP Expenses | $ | 256,210 | $ | 518,606 | $ | 1,441,056 | $ | 1,515,308 | |||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization expense | (7,701) | (7,372) | (24,227) | (24,629) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | (7,792) | (5,737) | (23,728) | (15,106) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Expenses related to consolidated Public SPACs | (81) | (567) | (1,053) | (2,547) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Expense reimbursements | (44,050) | (54,219) | (128,404) | (122,918) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Performance allocation compensation | 120,770 | (149,495) | (272,648) | (374,607) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Equity-based compensation | (136,650) | (143,149) | (449,109) | (474,200) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Non-core expenses and other | (15,431) | 3,015 | (50,140) | (37,601) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Fee-Related Expenses | $ | 165,275 | $ | 161,082 | $ | 491,747 | $ | 463,700 | |||||||||||||||
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Net income
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net (loss) income | $ | (94,712) | $ | 53,206 | $ | (19,027) | $ | (46,487) | |||||||||||||||
| Net (income) loss attributable to redeemable interests in Public SPACs | (5,148) | (7,322) | (12,044) | (12,686) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss (income) attributable to other non-controlling interests | 64,971 | (15,422) | (2,366) | (6,499) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization expense | 2,913 | 2,949 | 9,989 | 9,304 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Equity-based compensation | 137,896 | 144,159 | 448,166 | 480,644 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized performance allocations, net | 68,244 | (48,067) | (49,158) | 35,205 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized investment loss (income) | 27,120 | (2,116) | 5,115 | 26,494 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized (gain) on derivatives | (66) | (338) | (59) | (1,060) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Income tax | (3,068) | (7,543) | 717 | (10,692) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Non-recurring and other | (2,571) | (6,689) | (1,674) | (506) | |||||||||||||||||||
| After-tax Distributable Earnings | $ | 195,579 | $ | 112,817 | $ | 379,659 | $ | 473,717 | |||||||||||||||
| Income taxes | 11,007 | 8,678 | 32,797 | 34,942 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Distributable Earnings | $ | 206,586 | $ | 121,495 | $ | 412,456 | $ | 508,659 | |||||||||||||||
| Realized performance allocations, net | (43,376) | (4,977) | (55,031) | (187,344) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Realized investment income and other, net | (5,672) | 336 | 22,265 | (22,400) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation expense | 1,235 | 280 | 3,579 | 3,319 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense, net | (2,706) | 4,077 | (2,489) | 12,763 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Fee-Related Earnings | $ | 156,067 | $ | 121,211 | $ | 380,780 | $ | 314,997 | |||||||||||||||
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Balance sheet
The following tables reconcile the most directly comparable financial measures calculated and presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP to non-GAAP financial measures as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:
| ($ in thousands) | September 30, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | ||||||||||||
| Total GAAP Assets | $ | 7,383,037 | $ | 7,941,738 | ||||||||||
| Impact of consolidated Public SPACs | ||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | — | (5,097) | ||||||||||||
| Assets held in Trust Account | — | (653,635) | ||||||||||||
| Due from affiliates | — | (45) | ||||||||||||
| Other assets | — | (412) | ||||||||||||
| Subtotal for consolidated Public SPACs | — | (659,189) | ||||||||||||
| Impact of other consolidated entities | ||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | (577,810) | (415,797) | ||||||||||||
| Due from affiliates | (96,703) | (211,097) | ||||||||||||
| Investments | (4,025,183) | (4,110,535) | ||||||||||||
| Other assets | (157,944) | (134,505) | ||||||||||||
| Subtotal for other consolidated entities | (4,857,640) | (4,871,934) | ||||||||||||
Reclassification adjustments(1) | ||||||||||||||
| Due from affiliates | (113,238) | 8,458 | ||||||||||||
| Investments | (1,283,133) | (1,219,333) | ||||||||||||
| Accrued performance allocations | 692,095 | 642,519 | ||||||||||||
| Investments in funds | 591,038 | 576,814 | ||||||||||||
| Other assets | 140,130 | 81,354 | ||||||||||||
| Subtotal for reclassification adjustments | 26,892 | 89,812 | ||||||||||||
| Total Book Assets | $ | 2,552,289 | $ | 2,500,427 | ||||||||||
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| ($ in thousands) | September 30, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | ||||||||||||
| Total GAAP Liabilities | $ | 4,343,810 | $ | 4,202,232 | ||||||||||
| Impact of consolidated Public SPACs | ||||||||||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued expenses | — | (236) | ||||||||||||
| Derivative liabilities of Public SPACs | — | (667) | ||||||||||||
| Deferred underwriting | — | (22,750) | ||||||||||||
| Subtotal for consolidated Public SPACs | — | (23,653) | ||||||||||||
| Impact of other consolidated entities | ||||||||||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued expenses | (243,793) | (90,685) | ||||||||||||
| Due to affiliates | (163,571) | (134,562) | ||||||||||||
| Accrued performance allocation compensation | (3,245,268) | (3,269,889) | ||||||||||||
| Other liabilities | (196,570) | (206,276) | ||||||||||||
| Subtotal for other consolidated entities | (3,849,202) | (3,701,412) | ||||||||||||
Reclassification adjustments(1) | ||||||||||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued expenses | 40,310 | 40,698 | ||||||||||||
| Due to affiliates | (6,332) | (5,301) | ||||||||||||
| Other liabilities | (28,397) | (19,815) | ||||||||||||
| Subtotal for reclassification adjustments | 5,581 | 15,582 | ||||||||||||
| Total Book Liabilities | $ | 500,189 | $ | 492,749 | ||||||||||
| Total GAAP redeemable equity from consolidated Public SPACs | $ | — | $ | 653,635 | ||||||||||
Impact of consolidated Public SPACs(2) | — | (653,635) | ||||||||||||
| Total Book redeemable equity from consolidated Public SPACs | $ | — | $ | — | ||||||||||
| Total GAAP Equity | $ | 3,039,227 | $ | 3,085,871 | ||||||||||
| Impact of consolidated Public SPACs | — | 18,099 | ||||||||||||
| Impact of other consolidated entities | (1,008,438) | (1,170,522) | ||||||||||||
Reclassification adjustments(1) | 21,311 | 74,230 | ||||||||||||
| Net Book Value | $ | 2,052,100 | $ | 2,007,678 | ||||||||||
(1)Certain amounts were reclassified to reflect how we utilize our non-GAAP balance sheet measures. We separately analyze our investments on a non-GAAP basis between accrued performance fees and other investments, which consists of co-investments into our funds and other equity method investments. Additionally, we reclassified U.S. GAAP financial statement amounts due from affiliates and certain amounts within other assets, net for non-GAAP purposes and reclassified U.S. GAAP financial statement amounts due to affiliates and other liabilities within accounts payable, accrued expenses and other for non-GAAP purposes.
(2)The $653.6 million redeemable equity represents ownership interest in each SPAC that is not owned by the TPG Operating Group and is presented separately from U.S. GAAP partners’ capital in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
Operating Metrics
We monitor certain operating metrics that are common to the asset management industry and that we believe provide important data regarding our business. The following operating metrics do not include those of our former affiliate or other investments that will not be included in the TPG Operating Group.
Assets Under Management
Assets Under Management (“AUM”) represents the sum of:
i.fair value of the investments and financial instruments held by our carry funds (including fund-level asset-related leverage), including our private equity and real estate funds, as well as related co-investment vehicles managed or advised by us, plus the capital that we are entitled to call from investors in those funds and vehicles, pursuant to the terms of their respective capital commitments, net of outstanding leverage associated with subscription-related credit facilities at our carry funds, and including capital commitments to funds that have yet to commence their investment periods;
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ii.the gross amount of assets (including leverage where applicable) for our mortgage REIT and collateralized fundraising vehicles;
iii.the net asset value of our hedge funds; and
iv.IPO proceeds held in trust, excluding interest, as well as forward purchase agreements and proceeds associated with the private investment in public equity related to our Public SPACs upon the consummation of a business combination.
Our definition of AUM is not based on any definition of AUM that may be set forth in the agreements governing the investment funds, entities, or accounts that we manage or advise, or calculated pursuant to any regulatory definitions.
The tables below present rollforwards of our total AUM for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of Beginning of Period | $ | 138,632 | $ | 126,704 | $ | 135,034 | $ | 113,618 | |||||||||||||||
| Capital Raised | 3,420 | 8,237 | 6,901 | 26,393 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Realizations | (5,099) | (2,166) | (8,745) | (11,355) | |||||||||||||||||||
Changes in Investment Value(1) | (824) | 2,275 | 2,939 | 6,394 | |||||||||||||||||||
| AUM as of end of period | $ | 136,129 | $ | 135,050 | $ | 136,129 | $ | 135,050 | |||||||||||||||
(1)Changes in investment value consists of changes in fair value, capital invested and available capital and other investment activities, including the change in net asset value of our hedge funds.
The following table summarizes our AUM by platform as of September 30, 2023 and 2022:
| September 30, | |||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | |||||||||||
| Capital | $ | 67,103 | $ | 67,917 | |||||||
| Growth | 23,819 | 21,790 | |||||||||
| Real Estate | 18,280 | 19,771 | |||||||||
| Impact | 17,984 | 15,811 | |||||||||
| Market Solutions | 8,943 | 9,761 | |||||||||
| AUM as of end of period | $ | 136,129 | $ | 135,050 | |||||||
AUM increased from approximately $135.0 billion as of December 31, 2022 to approximately $136.1 billion as of September 30, 2023. During the three months ended September 30, 2023, new capital of $3.4 billion was raised and primarily attributable to TPG IX, Asia VIII and THP II within the Capital platform. Realizations totaled $5.1 billion and were primarily attributable to TPG AAF and Asia VI within the Capital platform and TRTX within the Real Estate platform. Increases in AUM were partially offset by portfolio depreciation of 1% recognized for the three months ended September 30, 2023.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, new capital of $6.9 billion was raised primarily attributable to TPG IX, Asia VIII and THP II within the Capital platform, TTAD II and LSI within the Growth platform, Rise III within the Impact platform and TGS within the Market Solutions platform. Realizations totaled $8.7 billion and were primarily attributable to TPG VI, TPG VIII, Asia VI and TPG AAF within the Capital platform and TREP III and TRTX within the
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Real Estate platform. AUM also increased due to portfolio realized and unrealized appreciation of 5% recognized for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.
Fee Earning Assets Under Management
Fee earning AUM or FAUM represents only the AUM from which we are entitled to receive management fees. FAUM is the sum of all the individual fee bases that are used to calculate our management fees and differs from AUM in the following respects: (i) assets and commitments from which we are not entitled to receive a management fee are excluded (e.g., assets and commitments with respect to which we are entitled to receive only performance allocations or are otherwise not currently entitled to receive a management fee) and (ii) certain assets, primarily in our private equity funds, are reflected based on capital commitments and invested capital as opposed to fair value because fees are generally not impacted by changes in the fair value of underlying investments. We believe this measure is useful to investors as it provides additional insight into the capital base upon which we earn management fees. Our definition of FAUM is not based on any definition of AUM or FAUM that is set forth in the agreements governing the investment funds and products that we manage.
The table below present rollforwards of our FAUM for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of Beginning of Period | $ | 78,620 | $ | 67,128 | $ | 77,945 | $ | 60,094 | |||||||||||||||
Fee Earning Capital Raised(1) | 2,124 | 14,587 | 3,998 | 22,862 | |||||||||||||||||||
Net Change in Actively Invested Capital(2) | (1,446) | (527) | (1,296) | (1,286) | |||||||||||||||||||
Reduction in Fee Base of Certain Funds(3) | (354) | — | (1,703) | (482) | |||||||||||||||||||
| FAUM as of end of period | $ | 78,944 | $ | 81,188 | $ | 78,944 | $ | 81,188 | |||||||||||||||
___________
(1)Fee Earning Capital Raised represents capital raised by our funds for which management fees calculated based on commitments were activated during the period.
(2)Net Change in Actively Invested Capital includes capital invested during the period, net of return of capital distributions and changes in net asset value of hedge funds. It also includes adjustments related to funds with a fee structure based on the lower of cost or fair value.
(3)Reduction in Fee Base represents decreases in the fee basis for funds where the investment or commitment fee period has expired, and the fee base has reduced from commitment base to actively invested capital. It also includes reductions for funds that are no longer fee paying.
The following table summarizes our FAUM by platform as of September 30, 2023 and 2022:
| September 30, | |||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | |||||||||||
| Capital | $ | 36,342 | $ | 38,983 | |||||||
| Impact | 13,359 | 12,514 | |||||||||
| Real Estate | 11,612 | 13,295 | |||||||||
| Growth | 11,388 | 10,920 | |||||||||
| Market Solutions | 6,243 | 5,476 | |||||||||
| FAUM as of end of period | $ | 78,944 | $ | 81,188 | |||||||
FAUM increased from $77.9 billion as of December 31, 2022 to $78.9 billion as of September 30, 2023. The increase was related to fee earning capital raised activity totaling $4.0 billion primarily attributable to the subsequent closings of TPG IX, Asia VIII and THP II within the Capital platform, which were activated during the third quarter of 2022 and Rise III in the Impact platform, which was activated during the second quarter of 2022. The increase was also attributable to the activation of LSI in the Growth platform during the first quarter of 2023. These increases were partially offset by a $1.2 million decrease in actively invested capital related to TPG AAF. For the nine months ended September
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30, 2023, annualized weighted average management fees as a percentage of FAUM, which represent annualized management fees divided by the average of each applicable period’s FAUM, were 1.33%.
Net Accrued Performance Allocations
Net accrued performance allocations represents both unrealized and undistributed performance allocations resulting from our general partner interests in our TPG funds.
The table below summarizes our net accrued performance allocations by fund vintage year and platform as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:
| September 30, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | ||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | |||||||||||
| Fund Vintage | |||||||||||
| 2017 & Prior | $ | 314 | $ | 298 | |||||||
| 2018 | 43 | 54 | |||||||||
| 2019 | 225 | 193 | |||||||||
| 2020 | 81 | 62 | |||||||||
| 2021 | 20 | 35 | |||||||||
| 2022 | 9 | 1 | |||||||||
| Net Accrued Performance Allocations | $ | 692 | $ | 643 | |||||||
| September 30, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | ||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | |||||||||||
| Platform | |||||||||||
| Capital | $ | 375 | $ | 362 | |||||||
| Growth | 172 | 162 | |||||||||
| Impact | 87 | 62 | |||||||||
| Market Solutions | 35 | 27 | |||||||||
| Real Estate | 23 | 30 | |||||||||
| Net Accrued Performance Allocations | $ | 692 | $ | 643 | |||||||
Net accrued performance allocations were primarily comprised of TPG VII, TPG VIII, THP I, Asia VII, Growth IV, Growth V, Rise I and Rise II as of September 30, 2023 and TPG VII, TPG VIII, Asia VII and Growth IV as of December 31, 2022.
We also utilize Performance Allocation Generating AUM and Performance Allocation Eligible AUM as key metrics to understand AUM that could produce performance allocations. Performance Allocation Generating AUM refers to the AUM of funds we manage that are currently above their respective hurdle rate or preferred return, and profit of such funds are being allocated to, or earned by, us in accordance with the applicable limited partnership agreements or other governing agreements. Performance Allocation Eligible AUM refers to the AUM that is currently, or may eventually, produce performance allocations. All funds for which we are entitled to receive a performance allocation or incentive fee are included in Performance Allocations Eligible AUM.
Performance Allocation Generating AUM totaled $91.3 billion and $85.3 billion as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Across our TPG funds, Performance Allocation Eligible AUM totaled $118.8 billion and $121.0 billion as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
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AUM Subject to Fee Earning Growth
AUM Subject to Fee Earning Growth represents capital commitments that when deployed have the ability to grow our fees through earning new management fees (AUM Not Yet Earning Fees) or when capital is invested and management fees can be charged at a higher rate (FAUM Subject to Step-Up).
AUM Not Yet Earning Fees represents the amount of capital commitments to TPG investment funds and co-investment vehicles that has not yet been invested or considered active, and as this capital is invested or activated, the fee-paying portion will be included in FAUM. FAUM Subject to Step-Up represents capital raised within certain funds where the management fee rate increases once capital is invested. Subject to certain limitations, limited partners in these funds pay a lower fee on committed and undrawn capital. As capital is drawn down for investments, the fees paid on that capital increases. FAUM Subject to Step-Up is included within FAUM.
The table below reflects AUM Subject to Fee Earning Growth by platform as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:
| September 30, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | ||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | |||||||||||
| AUM Not Yet Earning Fees: | |||||||||||
| Capital | $ | 3,373 | $ | 3,551 | |||||||
| Growth | 2,677 | 2,863 | |||||||||
| Real Estate | 1,560 | 1,172 | |||||||||
| Market Solutions | 868 | 1,573 | |||||||||
| Impact | 725 | 939 | |||||||||
| Total AUM Not Yet Earning Fees | $ | 9,203 | $ | 10,098 | |||||||
| FAUM Subject to Step-Up: | |||||||||||
| Capital | $ | 1,663 | $ | 2,129 | |||||||
| Real Estate | — | 777 | |||||||||
| Total FAUM Subject to Step-Up: | 1,663 | 2,906 | |||||||||
| Total AUM Subject to Fee Earning Growth | $ | 10,866 | $ | 13,004 | |||||||
As of September 30, 2023, AUM Not Yet Earning Fees was $9.2 billion, which primarily consisted of TPG VII, TPG VIII and Asia VII within the Capital platform, TTAD II and TDM within the Growth platform, TAC+ and TREP III within the Real Estate platform and TPG Next within the Impact platform.
Associated with FAUM Subject to Step-Up, the management fee rate on undrawn commitments for these respective underlying TPG funds is 0.75% and the step-up to rate is 1.75% after capital is invested. FAUM Subject to Step-Up as of September 30, 2023 relates to TPG IX and THP II within the Capital platform.
Capital Raised
Capital raised is the aggregate amount of capital commitments raised by TPG’s investment funds and co-investment vehicles during a given period, as well as IPO and forward purchase agreements associated with our Public SPACs and private investment in public equity upon the consummation of a business combination associated with one of our Public SPACs. We believe this measure is useful to investors as it measures access to capital across TPG and our ability to grow our management fee base. The table below presents capital raised by platform for three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:
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| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Capital | $ | 2,778 | $ | 6,163 | $ | 4,423 | $ | 14,598 | |||||||||||||||
| Market Solutions | 436 | 1,017 | 862 | 1,173 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Impact | 76 | 716 | 727 | 2,794 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Growth | 130 | 1 | 634 | 638 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Real Estate | — | 340 | 255 | 7,190 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total Capital Raised | $ | 3,420 | $ | 8,237 | $ | 6,901 | $ | 26,393 | |||||||||||||||
Capital raised totaled approximately $3.4 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2023. This was primarily attributable to the fundraising activities of TPG IX, Asia VIII and THP II within the Capital platform during the three months ended September 30, 2023.
Capital raised totaled approximately $6.9 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. This was primarily attributable to the fundraising activities of TPG IX, Asia VIII and THP II within the Capital platform, TTAD II and LSI within the Growth platform, Rise III within the Impact platform and TGS within the Market Solutions platform during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.
Available Capital
Available capital is the aggregate amount of unfunded capital commitments that partners have committed to our funds and co-invest vehicles to fund future investments, as well as IPO and forward purchase agreement proceeds associated with our Public SPACs, and private investment in public equity commitments by investors upon the consummation of a business combination associated with our Public SPACs. Available capital is reduced for investments completed using fund-level financing arrangements; however, it is not reduced for investments that we have committed to make yet remain unfunded at the reporting date. We believe this measure is useful to investors as it provides additional insight into the amount of capital that is available to our investment funds and co-investment vehicles to make future investments. The table below presents available capital by platform as of September 30, 2023 and 2022:
| September 30, | |||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | |||||||||||
| Capital | $ | 18,019 | $ | 23,413 | |||||||
| Real Estate | 8,142 | 8,457 | |||||||||
| Impact | 6,288 | 7,294 | |||||||||
| Growth | 4,009 | 3,933 | |||||||||
| Market Solutions | 1,756 | 3,278 | |||||||||
| Available Capital | $ | 38,214 | $ | 46,375 | |||||||
Available capital decreased from approximately $43.0 billion as of December 31, 2022 to approximately $38.2 billion as of September 30, 2023. The change was attributable to capital invested in TPG IX, Asia VIII and THP II within the Capital platform, TREP IV within the Real Estate platform, Rise Climate within the Impact platform and Growth V within the Growth platform, partially offset by the fundraising activities of TPG IX, Asia VIII and THP II within the Capital platform, Rise III within the Impact platform, TTAD II and LSI within the Growth platform and TGS within the Market Solutions platform during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.
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Capital Invested
Capital invested is the aggregate amount of capital invested during a given period by TPG’s investment funds, co-investment vehicles and SPACs in conjunction with the completion of a business combination. It excludes hedge fund activity. Capital invested includes investments made using investment financing arrangements like credit facilities, as applicable. The table below presents capital invested by platform for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Capital | $ | 3,735 | $ | 57 | $ | 5,524 | $ | 2,422 | |||||||||||||||
| Impact | 272 | 711 | 1,962 | 3,301 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Real Estate | 764 | 1,195 | 1,403 | 2,539 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Growth | 557 | 449 | 930 | 2,134 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Market Solutions | 209 | 105 | 813 | 410 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Capital Invested | $ | 5,537 | $ | 2,517 | $ | 10,632 | $ | 10,806 | |||||||||||||||
Capital invested was $5.5 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2023, which was primarily attributable to TPG IX, Asia VIII and THP II within the Capital platform, Growth V within the Growth platform and TREP IV within Real Estate platform.
Capital invested was $10.6 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, which was primarily attributable to TPG IX, Asia VIII and THP II within the Capital platform, TREP IV within the Real Estate platform, Rise Climate within the Impact platform and Growth V within the Growth platform.
Realizations
Realizations represent the aggregate investment proceeds generated by our TPG investment funds and co-investment vehicles and Public SPACs in conjunction with the completion of a business combination. The table below presents realizations by platform for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Capital | $ | 3,957 | $ | 735 | $ | 5,570 | $ | 6,667 | |||||||||||||||
| Real Estate | 892 | 552 | 2,276 | 1,927 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Growth | 138 | 629 | 516 | 1,932 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Impact | 40 | 201 | 245 | 468 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Market Solutions | 72 | 49 | 138 | 361 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total Realizations | $ | 5,099 | $ | 2,166 | $ | 8,745 | $ | 11,355 | |||||||||||||||
Realizations totaled $5.1 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and were primarily attributable to TPG AAF and Asia VI within the Capital platform and TRTX within the Real Estate platform.
Realizations were $8.7 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to $11.4 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. This was primarily attributable to a higher pace of realization activities in TPG VI, TPG VIII, Asia VI and TPG AAF within the Capital platform and TREP III and TRTX within the Real Estate platform.
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Fund Performance Metrics
Fund performance information for our investment funds as of September 30, 2023 is included throughout this discussion and analysis to facilitate an understanding of our results of operations for the periods presented. These fund performance metrics do not include co-investment vehicles. The fund return information for individual funds reflected in this discussion and analysis is not necessarily indicative of our firmwide performance and is also not necessarily indicative of the future performance of any particular fund. An investment in us is not an investment in any of our funds. This track record presentation is unaudited and does not purport to represent the respective fund’s financial results in accordance with U.S. GAAP. There can be no assurance that any of our funds or our other existing and future funds will achieve similar returns. See “Item 1A.Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business—Our funds’ historical returns should not be considered as indicative of our or our funds’ future results or of any returns expected on an investment in our Class A common stock” in our Annual Report.
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The following tables reflect the performance of our funds as of September 30, 2023:
| Fund | Vintage Year(1) | Capital Committed(2) | Capital Invested(3) | Realized Value(4) | Unrealized Value(5) | Total Value(6) | Gross IRR(7) | Gross MoM(7) | Net IRR(8) | Investor Net MoM(9) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Platform: Capital | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Capital Funds | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Air Partners | 1993 | $ | 64 | $ | 64 | $ | 697 | $ | — | $ | 697 | 81 | % | 10.9x | 73 | % | 8.9x | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TPG I | 1994 | 721 | 696 | 3,095 | — | 3,095 | 47 | % | 4.4x | 36 | % | 3.5x | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TPG II | 1997 | 2,500 | 2,554 | 5,010 | — | 5,010 | 13 | % | 2.0x | 10 | % | 1.7x | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TPG III | 1999 | 4,497 | 3,718 | 12,360 | — | 12,360 | 34 | % | 3.3x | 26 | % | 2.6x | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TPG IV | 2003 | 5,800 | 6,157 | 13,733 | — | 13,733 | 20 | % | 2.2x | 15 | % | 1.9x | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TPG V | 2006 | 15,372 | 15,564 | 22,071 | 1 | 22,072 | 6 | % | 1.4x | 5 | % | 1.4x | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TPG VI | 2008 | 18,873 | 19,220 | 33,327 | 212 | 33,539 | 14 | % | 1.7x | 10 | % | 1.5x | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TPG VII | 2015 | 10,495 | 10,172 | 19,379 | 4,628 | 24,007 | 26 | % | 2.3x | 20 | % | 1.9x | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TPG VIII | 2019 | 11,505 | 10,665 | 3,094 | 14,813 | 17,907 | 39 | % | 1.7x | 26 | % | 1.4x | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TPG IX | 2022 | 10,516 | 3,570 | — | 3,954 | 3,954 | NM | NM | NM | NM | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Capital Funds | 80,343 | 72,380 | 112,766 | 23,608 | 136,374 | 23 | % | 1.9x | 15 | % | 1.7x | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asia Funds | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asia I | 1994 | 96 | 78 | 71 | — | 71 | (3) | % | 0.9x | (10) | % | 0.7x | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asia II | 1998 | 392 | 764 | 1,669 | — | 1,669 | 17 | % | 2.2x | 14 | % | 1.9x | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asia III | 2000 | 724 | 623 | 3,316 | — | 3,316 | 46 | % | 5.3x | 31 | % | 3.8x | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asia IV | 2005 | 1,561 | 1,603 | 4,089 | — | 4,089 | 23 | % | 2.6x | 17 | % | 2.1x | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asia V | 2007 | 3,841 | 3,257 | 5,382 | 179 | 5,561 | 10 | % | 1.7x | 6 | % | 1.4x | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asia VI | 2012 | 3,270 | 3,284 | 3,295 | 3,647 | 6,942 | 16 | % | 2.1x | 11 | % | 1.7x | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asia VII | 2017 | 4,630 | 4,349 | 2,212 | 5,592 | 7,804 | 23 | % | 1.8x | 14 | % | 1.5x | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asia VIII | 2022 | 4,299 | 1,183 | — | 1,271 | 1,271 | NM | NM | NM | NM | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asia Funds | 18,813 | 15,141 | 20,034 | 10,689 | 30,723 | 20 | % | 2.1x | 14 | % | 1.7x | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Healthcare Funds | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| THP I | 2019 | 2,704 | 2,405 | 832 | 2,800 | 3,632 | 33 | % | 1.5x | 19 | % | 1.3x | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| THP II | 2022 | 2,373 | 899 | — | 1,076 | 1,076 | NM | NM | NM | NM | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Healthcare Funds | 5,077 | 3,304 | 832 | 3,876 | 4,708 | 33 | % | 1.5x | 19 | % | 1.3x | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Continuation Vehicles | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TPG AAF | 2021 | 1,317 | 1,314 | 2,719 | 1 | 2,720 | 43 | % | 2.1x | 37 | % | 1.9x | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TPG AION | 2021 | 207 | 207 | — | 207 | 207 | 0 | % | 1.0x | (1) | % | 1.0x | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Continuation Vehicles | 1,524 | 1,521 | 2,719 | 208 | 2,927 | 38 | % | 1.9x | 32 | % | 1.8x | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Platform: Capital (Excl-Legacy(15)) | 105,757 | 92,346 | 136,351 | 38,381 | 174,732 | 23 | % | 1.9x | 15 | % | 1.7x | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Legacy Funds | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TES I | 2016 | 303 | 206 | 227 | 165 | 392 | 26 | % | 1.9x | 18 | % | 1.6x | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Platform: Capital | 106,060 | 92,552 | 136,578 | 38,546 | 175,124 | 23 | % | 1.9x | 15 | % | 1.7x | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Platform: Growth | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Growth Funds | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| STAR | 2007 | 1,264 | 1,259 | 1,864 | 44 | 1,908 | 13 | % | 1.5x | 6 | % | 1.3x | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Growth II | 2011 | 2,041 | 2,185 | 4,733 | 574 | 5,307 | 22 | % | 2.5x | 16 | % | 2.0x | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Growth III | 2015 | 3,128 | 3,364 | 4,667 | 2,284 | 6,951 | 26 | % | 2.0x | 18 | % | 1.7x | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Growth IV | 2017 | 3,739 | 3,592 | 1,904 | 4,760 | 6,664 | 22 | % | 1.8x | 15 | % | 1.5x | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gator | 2019 | 726 | 686 | 661 | 583 | 1,244 | 32 | % | 1.8x | 25 | % | 1.6x | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Growth V | 2020 | 3,558 | 2,825 | 348 | 3,772 | 4,120 | 29 | % | 1.5x | 18 | % | 1.3x | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Growth Funds | 14,456 | 13,911 | 14,177 | 12,017 | 26,194 | 20 | % | 1.9x | 14 | % | 1.6x | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Fund | Vintage Year(1) | Capital Committed(2) | Capital Invested(3) | Realized Value(4) | Unrealized Value(5) | Total Value(6) | Gross IRR(7) | Gross MoM(7) | Net IRR(8) | Investor Net MoM(9) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tech Adjacencies Funds | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TTAD I | 2018 | 1,574 | 1,497 | 882 | 1,739 | 2,621 | 27 | % | 1.7x | 21 | % | 1.5x | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TTAD II | 2021 | 3,198 | 1,632 | — | 1,776 | 1,776 | 8 | % | 1.1x | 2 | % | 1.0x | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tech Adjacencies Funds | 4,772 | 3,129 | 882 | 3,515 | 4,397 | 23 | % | 1.4x | 17 | % | 1.3x | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TDM | 2017 | 1,326 | 569 | — | 1,153 | 1,153 | 22 | % | 2.0x | 18 | % | 1.8x | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| LSI | 2023 | 273 | 57 | — | 57 | 57 | NM | NM | NM | NM | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Platform: Growth (Excl-Legacy(15)) | 20,827 | 17,666 | 15,059 | 16,742 | 31,801 | 20 | % | 1.8x | 14 | % | 1.5x | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Legacy Funds | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Biotech III | 2008 | 510 | 468 | 1,114 | 265 | 1,379 | 17 | % | 2.9x | 12 | % | 2.3x | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Biotech IV | 2012 | 106 | 99 | 121 | 1 | 122 | 7 | % | 1.2x | 2 | % | 1.1x | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Biotech V | 2016 | 88 | 82 | 27 | 51 | 78 | (1) | % | 1.0x | (5) | % | 0.8x | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ART | 2013 | 258 | 241 | 35 | 184 | 219 | (1) | % | 0.9x | (5) | % | 0.7x | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Platform: Growth | 21,789 | 18,556 | 16,356 | 17,243 | 33,599 | 19 | % | 1.8x | 13 | % | 1.5x | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Platform: Impact | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| The Rise Funds | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rise I | 2017 | 2,106 | 1,973 | 1,299 | 2,472 | 3,771 | 21 | % | 1.9x | 14% | 1.5x | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rise II | 2020 | 2,176 | 1,963 | 122 | 2,732 | 2,854 | 27 | % | 1.5x | 17 | % | 1.3x | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rise III | 2022 | 2,457 | 633 | 2 | 720 | 722 | 152 | % | 1.4x | (47) | % | 0.8x | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| The Rise Funds | 6,739 | 4,569 | 1,423 | 5,924 | 7,347 | 23 | % | 1.7x | 14 | % | 1.4x | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TSI | 2018 | 333 | 133 | 368 | — | 368 | 35 | % | 2.8x | 25 | % | 2.1x | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Evercare | 2019 | 621 | 428 | 25 | 335 | 360 | (5) | % | 0.8x | (10) | % | 0.7x | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rise Climate | 2021 | 7,268 | 3,351 | 185 | 4,121 | 4,306 | 49 | % | 1.4x | 21 | % | 1.2x | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
TPG NEXT(19) | 2022 | 510 | — | — | — | — | NM | NM | NM | NM | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Platform: Impact | 15,471 | 8,481 | 2,001 | 10,380 | 12,381 | 23 | % | 1.5x | 13 | % | 1.3x | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Platform: Real Estate | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TPG Real Estate Partners | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DASA RE | 2012 | 1,078 | 576 | 1,069 | — | 1,069 | 21 | % | 1.9x | 15 | % | 1.6x | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TREP II | 2014 | 2,065 | 2,213 | 3,193 | 358 | 3,551 | 28 | % | 1.7x | 18 | % | 1.5x | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TREP III | 2018 | 3,722 | 4,232 | 2,523 | 2,861 | 5,384 | 16 | % | 1.4x | 11 | % | 1.2x | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TREP IV | 2022 | 6,820 | 1,361 | 208 | 1,153 | 1,361 | (9) | % | 0.9x | (58) | % | 0.5x | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TPG Real Estate Partners | 13,685 | 8,382 | 6,993 | 4,372 | 11,365 | 22 | % | 1.5x | 14 | % | 1.3x | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
TRTX(14) | 2014 | 1,916 | NM | NM | NM | NM | NM | NM | NM | NM | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TAC+ | 2021 | 1,797 | 915 | 98 | 834 | 932 | 1 | % | 1.0x | (3) | % | 1.0x | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Platform: Real Estate | 17,398 | 9,297 | 7,091 | 5,206 | 12,297 | 21 | % | 1.4x | 13 | % | 1.3x | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Fund | Vintage Year(1) | Capital Committed(2) | Capital Invested(3) | Realized Value(4) | Unrealized Value(5) | Total Value(6) | Gross IRR(7) | Gross MoM(7) | Net IRR(8) | Investor Net MoM(9) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Platform: Market Solutions | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
NewQuest I(18) | 2011 | 390 | 291 | 767 | — | 767 | 48 | % | 3.2x | 37 | % | 2.3x | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
NewQuest II(18) | 2013 | 310 | 342 | 617 | 131 | 748 | 25 | % | 2.3x | 19 | % | 1.8x | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
NewQuest III(18) | 2016 | 541 | 542 | 391 | 510 | 901 | 15 | % | 1.7x | 9 | % | 1.4x | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
NewQuest IV(18) | 2020 | 1,000 | 811 | 117 | 1,048 | 1,165 | 26 | % | 1.4x | 14 | % | 1.2x | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
NewQuest V(18) | 2022 | 489 | 168 | — | 237 | 237 | NM | NM | NM | NM | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| NewQuest Funds | 2,730 | 2,154 | 1,892 | 1,926 | 3,818 | 36 | % | 1.8x | 23 | % | 1.5x | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
TPEP Long/Short(13) | NM | NM | NM | NM | 2,077 | NM | NM | NM | NM | NM | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
TPEP Long Only(13) | NM | NM | NM | NM | 1,834 | NM | NM | NM | NM | NM | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TSCF | 2021 | 609 | 261 | 9 | 253 | 262 | 0 | % | 1.0x | (1) | % | 1.0x | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
TGS(18) | 2022 | 749 | 272 | — | 295 | 295 | NM | NM | NM | NM | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
TPG TIGER(18) | 2022 | 300 | 44 | 0 | 49 | 49 | NM | NM | NM | NM | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
TPG TIGER 2(18) | 2022 | 130 | 7 | — | 6 | 6 | NM | NM | NM | NM | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Platform: Market Solutions(12) | 4,518 | 2,738 | 1,901 | 6,440 | 4,430 | 35 | % | 1.7x | 23 | % | 1.4x | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Discontinued Funds(16) | 5,870 | 4,103 | 5,303 | — | 5,303 | 7 | % | 1.3x | 3 | % | 1.1x | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total (excl-Legacy(15) and Discontinued Funds(16) | 163,971 | 130,528 | 162,403 | 77,149 | 235,641 | 23 | % | 1.9x | 15 | % | 1.6x | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 171,106 | $ | 135,727 | $ | 169,230 | $ | 77,815 | $ | 243,134 | 22 | % | 1.9x | 14 | % | 1.6x | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Note: Past performance is not indicative of future results.
(1)Vintage Year, with respect to an investment or group of investments, as applicable, represents the year such investment, or the first investment in such a group, was initially consummated by the fund. For follow-on investments, Vintage Year represents the year that the fund’s first investment in the relevant company was initially consummated. Vintage Year, with respect to a fund, represents the year in which the fund consummated its first investment (or, if earlier, received its first capital contributions from investors). For consistency with prior reporting, however, the Vintage Year classification of any fund that held its initial closing before 2018 remains unchanged and represents the year of such fund’s initial closing.
(2)Capital Committed represents the amount of inception to date commitments a particular fund has received.
(3)Capital Invested, with respect to an investment or group of investments, as applicable, represents cash outlays by the fund for such investment or investments (whether funded through investor capital contributions or borrowing under the fund’s credit facility), including capitalized expenses and unrealized bridge loans allocated to such investment or investments. Capital Invested may be reduced after the date of initial investment as a result of sell-downs. This does not include proceeds eligible for recycling under fund limited partnership agreements. Capital Invested does not include interest expense on borrowing under the fund’s credit facility.
(4)Realized Value, with respect to an investment or group of investments, as applicable, represents total cash received or earned by the fund in respect of such investment or investments through the quarter end, including all interest, dividends and other proceeds. Receipts are recognized when cash proceeds are received or earned. Proceeds from an investment that is subject to pending disposition are not included in Realized Value and remain in Unrealized Value until the disposition has been completed and cash has been received. Similarly, any proceeds from an investment that is pending liquidation, or a similar event are not included in Realized Value until the liquidation or similar event has been completed. In addition, monitoring, transaction and other fees are not included in Realized Value but are applied to offset management fees to the extent provided in the fund’s partnership agreement.
(5)Unrealized Value, with respect to an investment in a publicly traded security, is based on the closing market price of the security as of the quarter end on the principal exchange on which the security trades, as adjusted by the general partner for any restrictions on disposition. Unrealized Value, with respect to an investment that is not a publicly traded security, represents the general partner’s estimate of the unrealized fair value of the fund’s investment, assuming a reasonable period of time for liquidation of the investment, and taking into consideration the financial condition and operating results of the portfolio company, the nature of the investment, applicable restrictions on marketability, market conditions, foreign currency exposures and other factors the general partner may deem appropriate. Where applicable, such estimate has been adjusted from cost to reflect (i) company performance relative to internal performance markers and the performance of comparable companies; (ii) market performance of comparable companies; and (iii) recent, pending or proposed transactions involving us, such as recapitalizations, initial public offerings or mergers and acquisitions. Given the nature of private investments, valuations necessarily entail a degree of uncertainty and/or subjectivity. There can be no assurance that expected transactions will actually occur or that performance markers will be achieved, and therefore actual value may differ from such estimated value and these differences may be material and adverse. Except as otherwise noted, valuations are as of the quarter end.
(6)Total Value, with respect to an investment or group of investments, as applicable, is the sum of Realized Value and Unrealized Value of such investment or investments.
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(7)Gross IRR and Gross MoM are calculated by adjusting Net IRR and Investor Net MoM to generally approximate investor performance metrics excluding management fees, fund expenses (other than interest expense and other fees arising from amounts borrowed under the fund’s credit facility to fund investments) and performance allocations. With respect to interest expense and other fees arising from amounts borrowed under the fund’s credit facility to fund investments, we have assumed that investor capital contributions were made in respect thereof as of the midpoint of each relevant quarter in which such amounts were incurred. We have further assumed that distributions to investors occurred in the middle of the month in which the related proceeds were received by the fund. Like the Net IRR, Gross IRR and Gross MoM (i) do not reflect the effect of taxes borne, or to be borne, by investors and (ii) excludes amounts attributable to the fund’s general partner, its affiliated entities and “friends of the firm” entities that generally pay no or reduced management fees and performance allocations. Such Gross IRR and Gross MoM represent an average of returns for all included investors and does not necessarily reflect the actual return of any particular investor. Gross IRR and Gross MoM are an approximation calculated by adjusting historical data using estimates and assumptions that we believe are appropriate for the relevant fund, but that inherently involve significant judgment. For funds that engaged in de minimis or no fund-level borrowing, Gross IRR is the discount rate at which (i) the present value of all Capital Invested in an investment or investments is equal to (ii) the present value of all realized and unrealized returns from such investment or investments. In this scenario, Gross IRR, with respect to an investment or investments, has been calculated based on the time that capital was invested by the fund in such investment or investments and that distributions were received by the fund in respect of such investment or investments, regardless of when capital was contributed to or distributed from the fund. Gross IRR does not reflect the effect of management fees, fund expenses, performance allocations or taxes borne, or to be borne, borne, by investors in the fund and would be lower if it did. For funds that engaged in de minimis or no fund-level borrowing, Gross MoM represents the multiple-of-money on capital invested by the fund for an investment or investments and is calculated as Total Value divided by Capital Invested (i.e., cash outlays by the fund for such investment or investments, whether funded through investor capital contributions or borrowing under the fund’s credit facility). Gross MoM is calculated on a gross basis and does not reflect the effect of management fees, fund expenses, performance allocations or taxes borne, or to be borne, by investors in the fund, and would be lower if it did.
(8)Net IRR represents the compound annualized return rate (i.e., the implied discount rate) of a fund, which is calculated using investor cash flows in the fund, including cash received from capital called from investors, cash distributed to investors and the investors’ ending capital balances as of the quarter end. Net IRR is the discount rate at which (i) the present value of all capital contributed by investors to the fund (which excludes, for the avoidance of doubt, any amounts borrowed by the fund in lieu of calling capital) is equal to (ii) the present value of all cash distributed to investors and the investors’ ending capital balances. Net IRR reflects the impact of management fees, fund expenses (including interest expense arising from amounts borrowed under the fund’s credit facility) and performance allocations, but does not reflect the effect of taxes borne, or to be borne, by investors. The Net IRR calculation assumes that investor contributions and distributions occurred in the middle of the month in which they were made. The Net IRR calculation excludes amounts attributable to the general partner, its affiliated entities and “friends of the firm” entities that generally pay no or reduced management fees and performance allocations. Net IRR represents an average return for all included investors, including those that pay reduced management fees and/or carried interest, and does not necessarily reflect the actual return of any particular investor. An actual investor that paid management fees and/or carried interest at rates higher than the average would have a lower individual Net IRR. In addition, management fees, fund expenses and carried interest differ from fund to fund, and therefore the impact of such amounts in a particular fund should not be assumed to reflect the impact such amounts would have on any other fund, including in respect of any fund in which a prospective investor is considering an investment. Net IRR for a platform does not include the cash flows for funds that are not currently presenting a Net IRR to their investors.
(9)Investor Net MoM, with respect to a fund, represents the multiple-of-money on contributions to the fund by investors. Investor Net MoM is calculated as the sum of cash distributed to investors and the investors’ ending capital balances as of the quarter end, divided by the amount of capital contributed to the fund by investors (which amount excludes, for the avoidance of doubt, any amounts borrowed by the fund in lieu of calling capital). Investor Net MoM reflects the impact of management fees, fund expenses (including interest expense arising from amounts borrowed under the fund’s credit facility) and performance allocations, but does not reflect the effect of taxes borne, or to be borne, by investors. The Investor Net MoM calculation excludes amounts attributable to the fund’s general partner, its affiliated entities and “friends of the firm” entities that generally pay no or reduced management fees and performance allocations. Investor Net MoM represents an average multiple-of-money for all included investors and does not necessarily reflect the actual return of any particular investor. An actual investor that paid management fees and/or carried interest at rates higher than the average would have a lower individual net MoM. In addition, management fees, fund expenses and carried interest differ from fund to fund, and therefore the impact of such amounts in a particular fund should not be assumed to reflect the impact such amounts would have on any other fund, including in respect of any fund in which a prospective investor is considering an investment.
(10)“NM” signifies that the relevant data would not be meaningful. Performance metrics are generally deemed “NM” for an investment or group of investments when, among other reasons, a fund is in its initial period of operation, or the holding period of the investment or investments is in its initial period of holding, which in each case we typically determine to mean up to twelve months, or the investment or investments do not have a significant cost basis. IRR metrics are generally deemed “NM” prior to the fund calling capital for the applicable investment(s).
(11)Amounts shown are in US dollars. When an investment is made in another currency, (i) Capital Invested is calculated using the exchange rate at the time of the investment, (ii) Unrealized Value is calculated using the exchange rate at the quarter end and (iii) Realized Value reflects actual US dollar proceeds to the fund. A fund may enter into foreign currency hedges in connection with an investment made in a currency other than US dollars. Capital Invested with respect to such investment includes the cost of establishing foreign currency hedges. For hedges entered into to facilitate payment of the purchase price for an investment, gains or losses on such hedges are applied, respectively, to reduce or increase Capital Invested with respect to such investment. Thereafter during the life of such investment, (i) Capital Invested includes any inception-to-date net realized losses on such hedges, (ii) Unrealized Value includes the unrealized fair value of such hedges as estimated by the general partner and (iii) Realized Value includes any inception-to-date net realized gain on such hedges. For hedges entered into in anticipation of receipt of exit proceeds, (i) losses on such hedges are first applied to offset exit proceeds, with any remaining losses applied to increase Capital Invested and (ii) gains on such hedges are first applied to reverse any inception-to-date net realized losses that were previously included in Capital Invested, with any remaining gains applied to increase Realized Value. Where a foreign currency hedge is implemented as part of the investment structure below the fund, such hedge is similarly reflected in Capital Invested and Realized Value to the extent that there are corresponding cash outflows from and inflows to the fund in respect of such hedge, and otherwise is included in Unrealized Value.
(12)Our special purpose acquisition companies (“SPACs”) which include Pace Holdings Corp., TPG Pace Holdings Corp., TPG Pace Tech Opportunities Corp., TPG Pace Beneficial Finance Corp., TPG Pace Energy Holdings Corp., TPG Pace Solutions Corp., TPG Pace Beneficial II Corp. and AfterNext HealthTech Acquisition Corp. within the Market Solutions platform are not reflected. Gross IRR, Gross MoM and Net IRR are not meaningful for SPAC products as they are designed to identify an investment and merge to become a public company.
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(13)As of September 30, 2023, TPEP Long/Short had estimated inception-to-date gross returns of 163% and net returns of 120%. These performance estimates represent the composite performance of TPG Public Equity Partners, LP and TPG Public Equity Partners Master Fund, L.P., adjusted as described below. The performance estimates are based on an investment in TPG Public Equity Partners, LP made on September 1, 2013, the date of TPEP’s inception, with the performance estimates for the period from January 1, 2016 to present being based on an investment in TPG Public Equity Partners Master Fund, L.P. made through TPG Public Equity Partners-A, L.P., the “onshore feeder.” Gross performance figures (i) are presented after any investment-related expenses, net interest, other expenses and the reinvestment of dividends; (ii) include any gains or losses from “new issue” securities; and (iii) are adjusted for illustration purposes to reflect the reduction of a hypothetical 1.5% annual management fee. Net performance assumes a 20% performance allocation. Performance results for a particular investor may vary from the performance stated as a result of, among other things, the timing of its investment(s) in TPEP, different performance allocation terms, different management fees, the feeder through which the investor invests and the investor’s eligibility to participate in gains and losses from “new issue” securities. Unrealized Value represents net asset value before redemptions.
As of September 30, 2023, TPEP Long Only had estimated inception-to-date gross returns of 27% and net returns of 26%. These performance estimates represent performance for TPEP Long Only and are based on an investment in TPEP Long Only made on May 1, 2019, the date of TPEP Long Only’s inception, through TPG Public Equity Partners Long Opportunities-A, L.P., the “onshore feeder.” Gross performance figures are presented after any investment-related expenses, a 1% annual management fee, net interest, other expenses and the reinvestment of dividends, and include any gains or losses from “new issue” securities. Net performance assumes a 20% performance allocation, with the performance allocation only received upon outperforming the relevant benchmark. Performance results for a particular investor may vary from the performance stated as a result of, among other things, the timing of its investment(s) in TPEP Long Only, different performance allocation terms, different management fees, the feeder through which the investor invests and the investor’s eligibility to participate in gains and losses from “new issue” securities. Unrealized Value represents net asset value before redemptions.
(14)Capital Committed for TRTX includes $1,201 million of private capital raised prior to TRTX’s initial public offering in July 2017 and $715 million issued during and subsequent to TRTX’s initial public offering.
(15)Legacy funds represent funds whose strategies are not expected to have successor funds but that have not yet been substantially wound down.
(16)Discontinued funds represent legacy funds that have substantially been wound down or are fully liquidated. The following TPG funds are considered discontinued: Latin America, Aqua I, Aqua II, Ventures, Biotech I, Biotech II, TPG TFP, TAC 2007 and DASA PE.
(17)Total TPG track record amounts do not include results from RMB - Shanghai and RMB - Chongqing or China Ventures, a joint venture partnership.
(18)Unless otherwise specified, the fund performance information presented above for certain funds is, due to the nature of their strategy, as of June 30, 2023. Accordingly, the fund performance information presented above for the funds does not reflect any fund activity for the quarter ended September 30, 2023 and therefore does not cover the same period presented for other funds. Any activity occurring during the quarter ended September 30, 2023 will be reflected in the performance information presented in future reporting.
(19)Certain funds recorded capital commitments prior to September 30, 2023, but were not activated or did not make their first investment. Therefore the only activity reflected in the track record with respect to these funds was the capital commitments.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our liquidity needs primarily include working capital, debt service requirements and investing in growth initiatives. We believe that our current sources of liquidity, which include cash generated by our operating activities, cash and funds available under our credit agreement, are sufficient to meet our projected operating expenses, provide capital to facilitate our expansion into new, complementary business lines, including acquisitions, pay dividends to holders of our common stock in accordance with our dividend policy, debt service requirements and other obligations as they arise for at least the next 12 months. To the extent that our current liquidity is insufficient to fund future activities, we may need to raise additional funds. In the future, we may attempt to raise additional capital through the sale of equity securities or through debt financing arrangements. If we raise additional funds by issuing equity securities, the ownership of our existing investors will be diluted. The incurrence of additional debt financing would result in incremental debt service obligations, and any future instruments governing such debt could include operating and financial covenants that could restrict our operations.
The following table presents a summary of our cash flows for the periods presented:
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| ($ in thousands) | |||||||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 1,232,558 | $ | 788,599 | |||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | (10,539) | (2,892) | |||||||||
| Net cash used in financing activities | (1,104,857) | (705,787) | |||||||||
| Net increase in cash and cash equivalents | 117,162 | 79,920 | |||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | 1,120,650 | 985,864 | |||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | $ | 1,237,812 | $ | 1,065,784 | |||||||
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As of September 30, 2023, our total liquidity was $2,604.5 million, comprised of $1,224.5 million of cash and cash equivalents, excluding $13.3 million of restricted cash, as well as $1,200.0 million and $30.0 million of incremental borrowing capacity under the Senior Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility and the Subordinated Credit Facility (each as defined herein), respectively and $150.0 million of the 364-day revolving credit facility. Total cash of $1,237.8 million as of September 30, 2023 includes $646.7 million of cash that is attributable to the TPG Operating Group and on balance sheet securitization vehicles. Total liquidity increased by $766.9 million, or 42%, relative to $1,837.5 million as of December 31, 2022. This was the result of the amendment and restatement of our Senior Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility, which increased revolving credit commitments thereunder by $500.0 million, and a $117.0 million net increase in cash and cash equivalents, primarily due to $1,232.6 million of cash provided by operating activities, partially offset by $1,104.9 million of net cash used in financing activities and $10.5 million of net cash used in investing activities.
Our operating activities primarily consist of investment management activities. The primary sources of cash within the operating activities section include: (i) management fees, (ii) monitoring, transaction and other fees, (iii) realized capital allocation-based income and (iv) investment sales from our consolidated funds. The primary uses of cash within the operating activities section include: (i) compensation and non-compensation related expenses and (ii) investment purchases from our consolidated funds. Additionally, operating activities also reflect the activity of our consolidated Public SPACs.
Operating activities provided $1,232.6 million and $788.6 million of cash for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Key drivers consisted of performance allocation and co-investment proceeds totaling $651.0 million and $1,066.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. This was partially offset by changes in operating assets and liabilities for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Investing Activities
Our investing activities primarily consist of lending to affiliates and capital expenditures. The primary sources of cash within the investing activities section include cash received from notes receivable from affiliates. The primary uses of cash within the investing activities section includes capital expenditures and cash advances on notes receivable from affiliates.
Investing activities used $10.5 million and $2.9 million of cash during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, cash used by investing activities is primarily related to capital expenditures. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, cash used by investing activities is primarily related to repayments and advances on notes receivable from affiliates.
Financing Activities
Our financing activities reflect our capital markets transactions and transactions with owners. The primary sources of cash within the financing activities section includes proceeds from debt and notes issuances. The primary uses of cash within the financing activities section include dividends to holders of our common stock, distributions to partners and non-controlling interests and repayments of debt and notes.
Financing activities used $1,104.9 million and $705.8 million of cash during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, cash used in financing activities primarily reflects the payments of dividends and distributions to our Class A common stockholders and to holders of non-controlling interests in subsidiaries and the redemption of the outstanding YTPG and AFTR Class A Ordinary Shares, which were funded by our Assets held in Trust Account. Cash used in financing activities during nine months ended September 30, 2022 primarily reflects the net impact of distributions to partners and non-controlling interests, the repayment of amounts borrowed under the Subordinated Credit Facility, and purchase of partnership interests with IPO proceeds, which is partially offset by the net proceeds from the IPO in January 2022.
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Credit Facilities
Subordinated Credit Facility
In August 2014, one of our consolidated subsidiaries entered into two $15.0 million subordinated revolving credit facilities (collectively, the “Subordinated Credit Facility”), for a total commitment of $30.0 million. The Subordinated Credit Facility is available for direct borrowings and is guaranteed by certain members of TPG Operating Group. In August 2023, the subsidiary extended the maturity date of the Subordinated Credit Facility from August 2024 to August 2025. The interest rate for borrowings under the Subordinated Credit Facility is calculated at a term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) rate plus a 0.10% per annum adjustment and 2.25%.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the subsidiary did not borrow or make repayments on the Subordinated Credit Facility, resulting in a zero balance outstanding at September 30, 2023.
364-Day Credit Facility
On April 14, 2023, a consolidated subsidiary of the Company entered into a 364-day revolving credit facility (the “364-Day Credit Facility”) with Mizuho Bank, Ltd., acting as administrative agent, to provide the subsidiary with revolving borrowings of up to $150.0 million. Borrowings under the 364-Day Credit Facility are subject to one of three interest rates depending on the type of drawdown requested. Alternate Base Rate (“ABR”) loans are denominated in U.S. Dollars and subject to a variable interest rate computed daily as the higher of the Federal Funds Rate plus 0.50% or the one-month Term SOFR plus 1.00%, plus an applicable margin of between 1.00% and 2.00%, depending on the term of the loan. Term Benchmark Loans may be denominated in U.S. Dollars or Euros, and are subject to a fixed interest rate computed as the SOFR rate for a period comparable to the term of the loan in effect two business days prior to the date of borrowing, plus an applicable margin of between 2.00% and 3.00%, depending on the term of the loan. Risk-Free Rate (“RFR”) loans are denominated in Sterling and subject to a fixed interest rate computed daily as the Sterling Overnight Index Average (“SONIA”) in effect five business days prior to the date of borrowing, plus an applicable margin of between 2.00% and 3.00%, depending on the term of the loan. The subsidiary is also required to a pay a quarterly facility fee equal to 0.30% per annum of the total facility capacity of $150.0 million, as well as certain customary fees for any issued loans.
The Company entered into an equity commitment letter in connection with the 364-Day Credit Facility, committing to provide capital contributions, if and when required, to the consolidated subsidiary throughout the life of the facility.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the subsidiary borrowed and made repayments of $150.0 million on the 364-Day Credit Facility, resulting in a zero balance outstanding at September 30, 2023.
Secured Borrowings
Our secured borrowings are issued using on-balance sheet securitization vehicles. The secured borrowings are required to be repaid only from collections on the underlying securitized equity method investments and restricted cash of the securitization vehicles. The secured borrowings are separated into two tranches. Tranche A secured borrowings (the “Series A Securitization Notes”) were issued in May 2018 at a fixed rate of 5.33% with an aggregate principal balance of $200.0 million due June 20, 2038, with interest payable semiannually. Tranche B secured borrowings (the “Series B Securitization Notes” or, collectively with the Series A Securitization Notes, the “Securitization Notes”) were issued in October 2019 at a fixed rate of 4.75% with an aggregate principal balance of $50.0 million due June 20, 2038, with interest payable semiannually. The secured borrowings contain an optional redemption feature giving us the right to call the notes in full or in part, subject to a prepayment penalty if called before May 2023. If the secured borrowings are not redeemed on or prior to June 20, 2028, we will pay additional interest equal to 4.00% per annum.
The secured borrowings contain covenants and conditions customary in transactions of this nature, including negative pledge provisions, default provisions and financial covenants and limitations on certain consolidations, mergers and sales of assets. As of September 30, 2023, we were in compliance with these covenants and conditions.
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Senior Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility
In March 2011, TPG Holdings, L.P. entered into a $400.0 million credit facility (the “Senior Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility”). In May 2018, TPG Holdings, L.P. amended and restated the Senior Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility Agreement to, among other things, reduce commitments to $300.0 million, extend the maturity to May 2023 and redefine certain components of the financial covenants. In November 2020, TPG Holdings, L.P. further amended and restated the facility to, among other things, release all collateral pledged under the prior amendment to the facility and to extend the maturity to November 2025.
In November 2021, TPG Holdings, L.P. entered into a fourth amendment and restatement of the Senior Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility Agreement under which certain terms were modified, including that TPG Holdings, L.P. may elect to have (i) TPG Operating Group II, L.P. (f/k/a TPG Holdings II, L.P.) assume its obligations as borrower under the Senior Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility (and thereby release TPG Holdings, L.P. from its obligations as borrower thereunder) and (ii) correspondingly release TPG Operating Group II, L.P., TPG Holdings I-A, LLC, TPG Holdings II-A, LLC and TPG Holdings III-A, L.P from their guarantees of the Senior Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility. TPG Holdings, L.P. made such election in conjunction with the Reorganization, upon which TPG Operating Group II, L.P. assumed its obligations as borrower under the Senior Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility (and TPG Holdings, L.P. was thereby released from its obligations as borrower thereunder) and correspondingly, TPG Operating Group II, L.P., TPG Holdings I-A, LLC, TPG Holdings II-A, LLC and TPG Holdings III-A, L.P were released from their guarantees of the Senior Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility.
In July 2022, we entered into a fifth amendment and restatement of the Senior Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility to among other things, (i) extend the maturity date of the revolving credit facility from November 2025 to July 2027, (ii) increase the aggregate revolving commitments thereunder from $300.0 million to $700.0 million and (iii) replace LIBOR as the applicable reference rate with SOFR and otherwise conform the credit facility to accommodate SOFR as the reference rate.
In August 2022, we entered into a first amendment to the Amended Senior Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility, which provides that if the Company is not publicly rated, the applicable margin for borrowings under the facility may be determined using the Company’s leverage ratio.
In September 2023, we entered into a sixth amendment and restatement of its senior unsecured revolving credit facility to, among other things, (i) extend the maturity date of the revolving credit facility from July 15, 2027 to September 26, 2028; (ii) increase the aggregate revolving commitments thereunder from $700.0 million to $1.2 billion; (iii) increase the commitment increase cap thereunder from $1.0 billion to $1.5 billion; (iv) increase the required minimum amount of fee generating assets under management thereunder; (v) provide for an 18 month timeline for establishing, at the option of the borrower, specified key performance indicators with respect to certain environmental, social and governance targets to qualify for interest rate adjustments; (vi) provide for additional flexibility with respect to internal reorganizations; and (vii) conform the credit facility to accommodate for the Angelo Gordon Acquisition.
Dollar-denominated principal amounts outstanding under the Senior Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility accrue interest, at the option of the applicable borrower, either (i) at a base rate plus applicable margin not to exceed 0.25% per annum or (ii) at a term SOFR rate plus a 0.10% per annum adjustment and an applicable margin not to exceed 1.25%. We are also required to pay a quarterly commitment fee on the unused commitments under the Amended Senior Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility not to exceed 0.15% per annum, as well as certain customary fees for any issued letters of credit.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we made no borrowings or repayments on the Senior Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility, resulting in a balance of zero outstanding at September 30, 2023. As of September 30, 2023, $1,200.0 million was available to be borrowed under the terms of the Senior Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility.
On October 30, 2023, we drew $470.0 million under our Senior Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility to partially fund the cash consideration of the Transaction described in Note 3 “Acquisitions,” to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Senior Unsecured Term Loan
In December 2021, we entered into a credit agreement (the “Senior Unsecured Term Loan Agreement”) pursuant to which the lenders thereunder agreed to make term loans in a principal amount of up to $300.0 million during the period commencing on December 2, 2021 and ending on the date that is 30 days thereafter. Unused commitments were terminated at the end of such period. The proceeds from the term loan were used to make a ratable distribution to each of our investors and are not available for our operations.
In July 2022, we entered into an amended Senior Unsecured Term Loan Agreement. The amended Senior Unsecured Term Loan Agreement, among other things, replaces LIBOR as the applicable reference rate with SOFR, and otherwise conforms the term loan agreement to accommodate SOFR as the reference rate.
In September 2023, we entered into an amendment and restatement of its senior unsecured term loan agreement (the “Amended Senior Unsecured Term Loan Agreement”) to, among other things, (i) extend the maturity date of the term credit facility from December 2, 2024 to March 31, 2026; (ii) increase the required minimum amount of fee generating assets under management thereunder; (iii) provide for additional flexibility with respect internal reorganizations; and (iv) conform the credit facility to accommodate for the acquisition of Angelo Gordon.
Principal amounts outstanding under the amended Senior Unsecured Term Loan Agreement accrue interest, at the option of the borrower, either (i) at a base rate plus an applicable margin of 0.00% or (ii) at a term SOFR rate plus a 0.10% per annum adjustment and an applicable margin of 1.00%.
As of September 30, 2023, $200.0 million was outstanding under the Senior Unsecured Term Loan Agreement.
Tax Receivable Agreement
The future exchanges by owners of Common Units for cash from a substantially concurrent public offering, reorganization or private sale (based on the price per share of the Class A common stock on the day before the pricing of such public offering or private sale) or, at our election, for shares of our Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis (or, in certain cases, for shares of nonvoting Class A common stock) are expected to produce or otherwise deliver to us favorable tax attributes that can reduce our taxable income. We (and our wholly-owned subsidiaries) are a party to a tax receivable agreement, under which generally we (or our wholly-owned subsidiaries) are required to pay the beneficiaries of the Tax Receivable Agreement 85% of the applicable cash savings, if any, in U.S. federal, state and local income tax that we actually realize or, in certain circumstances, are deemed to realize as a result of the Covered Tax Items. We generally retain the benefit of the remaining 15% of the applicable tax savings. The payment obligations under the Tax Receivable Agreement are obligations of TPG Inc. (or our wholly-owned subsidiaries), and we expect that the payments we will be required to make under the Tax Receivable Agreement will be substantial.
On March 31, 2023, a pre-IPO Investor exchanged 1,000,000 Common Units of each TPG Operating Group partnership for 1,000,000 shares of Class A common stock. This exchange resulted in an increase in the Company’s tax basis of its investment in the TPG Operating Group partnerships and is subject to the Tax Receivable Agreement. The Company recognized an additional liability associated with the Tax Receivable Agreement in the amount of $8.1 million in connection with the exchange.
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Contractual Obligations
In the ordinary course of business, we enter into contractual arrangements that require future cash payments. The following table sets forth information regarding our anticipated future cash payments under our contractual obligations as of September 30, 2023 (in thousands):
| Payments Due by Period | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 and Thereafter | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating lease obligations | $ | 155,584 | $ | 7,566 | $ | 24,383 | $ | 19,152 | $ | 20,401 | $ | 18,967 | $ | 65,115 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Debt obligations(1) | 450,000 | — | — | — | 200,000 | — | 250,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest on debt obligations(2) | 328,414 | 10,152 | 26,077 | 26,041 | 16,242 | 13,035 | 236,867 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Capital commitments(3) | 376,861 | 376,861 | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total contractual obligations | $ | 1,310,859 | $ | 394,579 | $ | 50,460 | $ | 45,193 | $ | 236,643 | $ | 32,002 | $ | 551,982 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
__________
(1)Debt obligations presented in the table reflect scheduled principal payments related to the Securitization Notes and our senior unsecured term loan.
(2)Estimated interest payments on our debt obligations reflect amounts that would be paid over the life on the Securitization Notes based the Series A and B Securitization Notes respective fixed interest rates and assuming the debt is held until final maturity.
(3)Capital commitments represent our obligations to provide general partner capital funding to the TPG funds. These amounts are generally due on demand, and accordingly, have been presented as obligations payable in the “2023” column. We generally utilize proceeds from return of capital distributions and proceeds from secured borrowings to help fund these commitments.
Additional Contingent Obligations
As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, if all investments held by the TPG funds were liquidated at their current unrealized fair value, there would be clawback of $60.4 million related to STAR and Asia V, net of tax, for which a performance allocation reserve was recorded within other liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The potential liquidation of STAR could require clawback payments. Additionally, if all remaining investments were deemed worthless, a possibility management views as remote, the amount of performance allocations subject to projected clawback as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 would be $1,772.1 million and $1,869.4 million, respectively.
As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had guarantees outstanding totaling $89.0 million and $100.8 million, respectively, related to employee guarantees primarily related to a third-party lending program which enables certain of our eligible employees to obtain financing for co-invest capital commitment obligations with a maximum potential exposure of $171.7 million and $163.7 million, respectively.
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Dividends
The table below presents information regarding the quarterly dividends on the Class A common stock, which were made at the sole discretion of our Board of Directors.
| Date Declared | Record Date | Payment date | Dividend per Class A Common Share | |||||||||||||||||
| May 10, 2022 | May 20, 2022 | June 3, 2022 | $ | 0.44 | ||||||||||||||||
| August 9, 2022 | August 19, 2022 | September 2, 2022 | 0.39 | |||||||||||||||||
| November 9, 2022 | November 21, 2022 | December 2, 2022 | 0.26 | |||||||||||||||||
| February 15, 2023 | February 27, 2023 | March 10, 2023 | 0.50 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total 2022 Dividend Year | $ | 1.59 | ||||||||||||||||||
| May 15, 2023 | May 25, 2023 | June 5, 2023 | $ | 0.20 | ||||||||||||||||
| August 8, 2023 | August 18, 2023 | September 1, 2023 | 0.22 | |||||||||||||||||
| November 7, 2023 | November 17, 2023 | December 1, 2023 | 0.48 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total 2023 Dividend Year (through Q3 2023) | $ | 0.90 | ||||||||||||||||||
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We have not entered into any off-balance sheet arrangements, as defined in Regulation S-K.
Critical Accounting Policies
There has been no material change to our critical accounting estimates disclosed in our Annual Report. We prepare our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets, and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities in our financial statements. We regularly assess these estimates; however, actual amounts could differ from those estimates. The impact of changes in estimates is recorded in the period in which they become known. For a description of our accounting policies, see Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this report and for a discussion of our policies and estimates, see “Item 7.––Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation” in our Annual Report.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Our exposure to market risks primarily relates to our role as investment advisor or general partner to our TPG funds and the impact of movements in the underlying fair value of their investments. There was no material change in our market risks during the three months ended September 30, 2023. For additional information, refer to our Annual Report.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the appropriate time periods, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely discussions regarding required disclosure.
In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any disclosure controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and that management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs.
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We, under the supervision of and with participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, have evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2023.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended September 30, 2023 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
From time to time, we are involved in litigation and claims incidental to the conduct of our business. Our business is also subject to extensive regulation, which may result in regulatory proceedings against us. See “Item 1A.—Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Industry—Extensive regulation of our businesses affects our activities and creates the potential for significant liabilities and penalties. Increased regulatory focus on the alternative asset industry or legislative or regulatory changes could result in additional burdens and expenses on our business” in our Annual Report. We are not currently subject to any pending legal (including judicial, regulatory, administrative or arbitration) proceedings that we expect to have a material impact on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. However, given the inherent unpredictability of these types of proceedings, an adverse outcome in certain matters could have a material effect on TPG’s financial results in any particular period. See Note 12, “Commitments and Contingencies,” to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
Except as described below, there are no material changes from the risk factors as previously disclosed in our Annual Report. For a complete discussion of our other material risks and uncertainties that may affect us, see the information under “Item 1A.—Risk Factors” of our Annual Report.
On November 1, 2023, the Company completed its acquisition (the “Transaction”) of Angelo Gordon, pursuant to the terms and conditions set forth in the Transaction Agreement, dated May 14, 2023 (as amended), by and among the TPG Parties and Angelo Gordon Parties.
The Transaction may not achieve its intended benefits, and certain difficulties, costs or expenses may outweigh such intended benefits. Additionally, as a result of the completion of the Transaction, we expect to be subject to new or varying risks relating to our combined business.
While we expect the Transaction to benefit the Company and its stockholders, the completion of the Transaction also exposes our business to new and varying risks. We also cannot assure you that we will be able to successfully integrate Angelo Gordon or otherwise realize the expected benefits of the Transaction. The success of the Transaction depends on, among other things, our ability to:
•mitigate risks that arise from the diversion of management’s time and attention from our existing business and to otherwise minimize any disruption to our ongoing businesses;
•properly manage potential conflicts of interest with our existing businesses;
•integrate Angelo Gordon’s business model and people into our businesses, including realizing the benefits of expected synergies;
•implement adequate investment processes, controls and procedures that are appropriate for the combined company, including Angelo Gordon’s obligations to provide financial reporting as part of a public company, and to manage any associated incremental operating costs;
•retain Angelo Gordon’s current clients and/or employees and expand product offerings to potential new investors; and
•manage the increased demands on our information systems, operational systems and technology, including related security systems, and infrastructure.
Many of these factors will be outside of our control and any one of them could result in increased costs, decreases in the amount of expected revenues and diversion of management’s time and focus, which could have a material and adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flow.
In addition, other events outside of our control, including, but not limited to, political climate, macroeconomic events, and regulatory or legislative changes, including in jurisdictions in which TPG has not historically operated, could limit our ability to realize the anticipated benefits from the Transaction.
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As a result of these and other risks, we may fail to realize some or all of the anticipated benefits of the Transaction or in an amount sufficient to offset the potential difficulties, costs and expenses arising from the Transaction. Accordingly, stockholders and potential investors should not place undue reliance on our expectation of the anticipated benefits from the Transaction.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
None.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
Not applicable.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
Item 5. Other Information
In the third quarter of 2023, no director or officer (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 16a-1(f)) of the Company adopted or terminated a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement for the purchase or sale of securities of the Company, within the meaning of Item 408 of Regulation S-K.
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Item 6. Exhibits
The following is a list of all exhibits filed or furnished as part of this report:
Exhibits are included below.
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| 101.SCH | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document | |||||||
| 101.CAL | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document | |||||||
| 101.DEF | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document | |||||||
| 101.LAB | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document | |||||||
| 101.PRE | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document | |||||||
| 104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document). | |||||||
________________
* Incorporated by reference
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Signatures
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
Date: November 7, 2023
| /s/ Jack Weingart | ||
| Jack Weingart | ||
| Chief Financial Officer and Director (Principal Financial Officer and Authorized Signatory) | ||
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