Segment Information | Segment Information In January 2019, Jeff Storey, our CODM, announced a new organization structure and began managing our operations in the following five segments: International and Global Accounts Management, Enterprise, Small and Medium Business, Wholesale and Consumer. In addition, our segments are managed based on the direct costs of providing services to their customers and the associated selling, general and administrative costs (primarily salaries and commissions). Shared costs that were previously reported in segments are managed separately and included in "Operations and Other", in the tables below. We reclassified certain prior period amounts to conform to the current period presentation. At June 30, 2019 , we had the following five reportable segments: • International and Global Accounts Management ("IGAM") Segment. Under our IGAM segment, we provide our products and services to approximately 200 global enterprise customers and to enterprises and carriers in three operating regions: Asia Pacific, Latin America, Europe Middle East and Africa. IGAM is responsible for working with large multinational organizations in support of their business and IT transformation strategies. We provide a portfolio of services inclusive of dark fiber; content delivery; private and public networking; hybrid IT solutions including private and public cloud services as well as consulting and professional services; and security services; all of which are described further under "Products and Services Categories"; and • Enterprise Segment. Under our enterprise segment, we provide our products and services to large and medium domestic and global enterprises, federal, state and local governments. Our products and services offered to these customers include our IP and Data Services suite of products, which includes VPN and hybrid networking, Ethernet and IP services; Transport and Infrastructure, which includes wavelengths and private line, dark fiber, colocation and data center services, and professional services; Voice Services, which includes local, long-distance, toll-free and unified communications services; and IT and Managed services, all of which are described further under "Products and Services Categories"; and • Small and Medium Business ("SMB") Segment. Under our SMB segment, we provide our products and services to small and medium businesses directly and through our indirect channel partners. We designate businesses as small or medium based on company employee count. Our products and services offered to these customers include our IP and Data Services suite of products, primarily VPN, IP and Ethernet services; Transport and Infrastructure, which includes broadband, wavelengths and private line services; Voice Services, which includes local, long-distance, national public access, VoIP and toll-free services; and IT and Managed services, all of which are described further under "Products and Services Categories"; and • Wholesale Segment. Under our wholesale segment, we provide our products and services to a wide range of other communication providers across the wireline, wireless, cable, voice and data center sectors. Customers range from large global telecom providers to small regional providers. Our products and services offered to these customers include our IP and Data Services suite of products, primarily Ethernet, VPN and IP services; Transport and Infrastructure, which includes private line, wavelengths, UNE, dark fiber, colocation and data center, and wholesale broadband services; and Voice Services, which includes long-distance, local, toll-free and contact center, and intercarrier tandem services, all of which are described further under "Products and Services Categories"; and • Consumer Segment. Under our consumer segment, we provide our products and services to residential customers. Our products and services offered to these customers include our broadband, local and long-distance voice, and other ancillary services. Additionally, Universal Service Fund ("USF") federal and state support payments, Connect America Fund ("CAF") federal support revenue, and other revenue from leasing and subleasing including prior year rental income associated with the 2017 failed-sale-leaseback is reported in our consumer segment as regulatory revenue in 2018. Product and Service Categories We categorize our products and services revenue among the following four categories for the International and Global Accounts Management, Enterprise, Small and Medium Business and Wholesale segments: • IP and Data Services , which includes primarily VPN data networks, Ethernet, IP, video (including our facilities-based video services, CDN services and Vyvx broadcast services) and other ancillary services; • Transport and Infrastructure , which includes broadband, private line (including business data services), data center facilities and services, including cloud, hosting and application management solutions, wavelength, equipment sales and professional services, network security services, dark fiber services and other ancillary services; • Voice and Collaboration , which includes primarily local and long-distance voice, including wholesale voice, and other ancillary services; • IT and Managed Services , which includes information technology services and managed services, which may be purchased in conjunction with our other network services; and We categorize our products and services revenue among the following four categories for the Consumer segment: • Broadband , which includes consumer broadband revenue; and • Voice , which includes consumer local and long-distance revenue; and • Regulatory Revenue, which consists of (i) Universal Service Fund, Connect America Fund and other support payments designed to reimburse us for various costs related to certain telecommunications services and (ii) other operating revenue from the leasing and subleasing of space; and • Other, which includes consumer retail video revenue (including our facilities-based video revenue), professional services and other ancillary services. The following table summarizes our segment results and operating revenue detail for our product and services for the three months ended June 30, 2019 . Three Months Ended June 30, 2019 International and Global Accounts Enterprise Small and Medium Business Wholesale Consumer Total Segments Operations and Other Total (Dollars in millions) Revenue: IP and Data Services $ 420 681 290 339 — 1,730 — 1,730 Transport and Infrastructure 333 368 106 484 — 1,291 — 1,291 Voice and Collaboration 94 390 328 193 — 1,005 — 1,005 IT and Managed Services 55 66 12 2 — 135 — 135 Broadband — — — — 718 718 — 718 Voice — — — — 477 477 — 477 Regulatory — — — — 158 158 — 158 Other — — — — 64 64 — 64 Total Revenue 902 1,505 736 1,018 1,417 5,578 — 5,578 Expenses: Cost of services and products 258 497 147 145 77 1,124 1,322 2,446 Selling, general and administrative 68 143 120 21 110 462 498 960 Less: share-based compensation — — — — — — (43 ) (43 ) Total expense 326 640 267 166 187 1,586 1,777 3,363 Total adjusted EBITDA $ 576 865 469 852 1,230 3,992 (1,777 ) 2,215 The following table summarizes our segment results and operating revenue detail for our product and services for the three months ended June 30, 2018 . Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 International and Global Accounts Enterprise Small and Medium Business Wholesale Consumer Total Segments Operations and Other Total (Dollars in millions) Revenue: IP and Data Services $ 431 667 299 349 — 1,746 — 1,746 Transport and Infrastructure 309 381 135 539 — 1,364 — 1,364 Voice and Collaboration 94 398 371 226 — 1,089 — 1,089 IT and Managed Services 69 77 14 2 — 162 — 162 Broadband — — — — 705 705 — 705 Voice — — — — 546 546 — 546 Regulatory — — — — 185 185 — 185 Other — — — — 105 105 — 105 Total Revenue 903 1,523 819 1,116 1,541 5,902 — 5,902 Expenses: Cost of services and products 263 500 147 167 124 1,201 1,529 2,730 Selling, general and administrative 64 145 136 23 136 504 611 1,115 Less: share-based compensation — — — — — — (54 ) (54 ) Total expense 327 645 283 190 260 1,705 2,086 3,791 Total adjusted EBITDA $ 576 878 536 926 1,281 4,197 (2,086 ) 2,111 The following table summarizes our segment results and operating revenue detail for our product and services for the six months ended June 30, 2019 . Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 International and Global Accounts Enterprise Small and Medium Business Wholesale Consumer Total Segments Operations and Other Total (Dollars in millions) Revenue: IP and Data Services $ 840 1,369 590 680 — 3,479 — 3,479 Transport and Infrastructure 653 732 213 983 — 2,581 — 2,581 Voice and Collaboration 188 787 664 389 — 2,028 — 2,028 IT and Managed Services 112 140 24 3 — 279 — 279 Broadband — — — — 1,440 1,440 — 1,440 Voice — — — — 966 966 — 966 Regulatory — — — — 317 317 — 317 Other — — — — 135 135 — 135 Total Revenue 1,793 3,028 1,491 2,055 2,858 11,225 — 11,225 Expenses: Cost of services and products 517 993 300 286 164 2,260 2,706 4,966 Selling, general and administrative 136 292 252 41 219 940 952 1,892 Less: share-based compensation — — — — — — (76 ) (76 ) Total expense 653 1,285 552 327 383 3,200 3,582 6,782 Total adjusted EBITDA $ 1,140 1,743 939 1,728 2,475 8,025 (3,582 ) 4,443 The following table summarizes our segment results and operating revenue detail for our product and services for the six months ended June 30, 2018 . Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 International and Global Accounts Enterprise Small and Medium Business Wholesale Consumer Total Segments Operations and Other Total (Dollars in millions) Revenue: IP and Data Services $ 871 1,332 590 688 — 3,481 — 3,481 Transport and Infrastructure 630 780 245 1,077 — 2,732 — 2,732 Voice and Collaboration 195 808 740 457 — 2,200 — 2,200 IT and Managed Services 142 150 28 4 — 324 — 324 Broadband — — — — 1,417 1,417 — 1,417 Voice — — — — 1,103 1,103 — 1,103 Regulatory — — — — 368 368 — 368 Other — — — — 222 222 — 222 Total Revenue 1,838 3,070 1,603 2,226 3,110 11,847 — 11,847 Expenses: Cost of services and products 535 1,014 300 343 282 2,474 3,059 5,533 Selling, general and administrative 132 297 263 47 271 1,010 1,214 2,224 Less: share-based compensation — — — — — — (95 ) (95 ) Total expense 667 1,311 563 390 553 3,484 4,178 7,662 Total adjusted EBITDA $ 1,171 1,759 1,040 1,836 2,557 8,363 (4,178 ) 4,185 We recognize revenue in our consolidated statements of operations for certain USF surcharges and transaction taxes that we bill to our customers. Our consolidated statements of operations also reflect the offsetting expense for the amounts we remit to the government agencies. The total amount of such surcharges and transaction taxes that we included in revenues aggregated to $232 million and $229 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and June 30, 2018 , respectively, and $480 million and $476 million , for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and June 30, 2018 , respectively. These USF surcharges, where we record revenue and transaction taxes, are assigned to the product and service categories of each segment based on the underlying revenue. We also act as a collection agent for certain other USF and transaction taxes that we are required by government agencies to bill our customers, for which we do not record any revenue or expense because we only act as a pass-through agent. Revenue and Expenses Our segment revenue includes all revenue from our International and Global Accounts Management, Enterprise, Small and Medium Business, Wholesale and Consumer segments as described in more detail above. Our segment revenue is based upon each customer's classification. We report our segment revenue based upon all services provided to that segment's customers. Our segment expenses include specific cost of service expenses incurred as a direct result of providing services and products to segment customers, along with selling, general and administrative expenses that are directly associated with specific segment customers or activities. Network expenses not incurred as a direct result of providing services and products to segment customers and centrally managed expenses such as Operations, Finance, Human Resources, Legal, Marketing, Product Management and IT are not assigned to segments as they are managed separately; they are reported as "Operations and Other". We do not assign depreciation and amortization expense or impairments to our segments, as the related assets and capital expenditures are centrally managed and are not monitored by or reported to the CODM by segment. Interest expense is also excluded from segment results because we manage our financing on a consolidated basis and have not allocated assets or debt to specific segments. Stock-based compensation and other income and expense items are not monitored as a part of our segment operations and are therefore excluded from our segment results. The following table reconciles total segment adjusted EBITDA to net income (loss): Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 2018 2019 2018 (Dollars in millions) Total segment adjusted EBITDA $ 3,992 4,197 8,025 8,363 Depreciation and amortization (1,196 ) (1,290 ) (2,384 ) (2,573 ) Impairment of goodwill — — (6,506 ) — Other operating expenses (1,777 ) (2,086 ) (3,582 ) (4,178 ) Stock-based compensation (43 ) (54 ) (76 ) (95 ) Operating income (loss) 976 767 (4,523 ) 1,517 Total other expense, net (474 ) (530 ) (1,002 ) (1,044 ) Income (loss) before income taxes 502 237 (5,525 ) 473 Income tax expense (benefit) 131 (55 ) 269 66 Net income (loss) $ 371 292 (5,794 ) 407 |