| Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Note B—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and all intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Amounts presented within the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes are presented in thousands of U.S. dollars unless stated otherwise, except for percentages, units, shares, per unit, and per share amounts. The period from May 22, 2020 (inception) through December 31, 2020 and as of December 31, 2020 (the “Successor 2020 Period”) and the year ended December 31, 2021 (the “Successor 2021 Period”) relate to activity of BigBear.ai Holdings and its subsidiaries. The year ended December 31, 2019 (the “Predecessor 2019 Period”), and the period from January 1, 2020 to October 22, 2020 (the “Predecessor 2020 Period”) relate to the predecessor period. The Successor 2020 Period begins before the Predecessor 2020 Period ended due to the acquisitions that took place prior to the acquisition of PCI. The PCI, NuWave, Open Solutions, and ProModel acquisitions were accounted for as business combinations in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 805, Business Combinations (“ASC 805”), and the resulting new basis of accounting is reflected in the Successor 2020 Period as of each acquisition date. As a result, financial information of the Predecessor and Successor periods has been prepared under two different bases of accounting and therefore are not comparable. PCI was identified as the Predecessor through an analysis of various factors, including the size, financial characteristics, and ongoing management. The audited consolidated financial statements are presented as described below:
• The consolidated financial statements for the Predecessor 2019 Period, which includes a full year of operating results of PCI.
• The consolidated financial statements for the Predecessor 2020 Period, which includes the operating results of PCI from January 1, 2020 to October 22, 2020.
• The combined financial statements for the Successor 2020 Period, which includes the operating results of BigBear.ai Holdings and its subsidiaries from each of their respective acquisition dates through December 31, 2020.
• The consolidated financial statements for the Successor 2021 Period, which includes the operating results of BigBear.ai Holdings and its subsidiaries for the year ended December 31, 2021. Use of Estimates The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Making estimates requires management to exercise significant judgment. It is at least reasonably possible that the estimate of the effect of a condition, situation or set of circumstances that existed at the date of the consolidated financial statements, which management considered in formulating its estimate, could change in the near term due to one or more future confirming events. Accordingly, actual results could differ materially from those estimates. Accounting policies subject to estimates include valuation of goodwill, intangible assets, impairments, revenue recognition, income taxes, business combinations and equity-based compensation. Business Combinations The Company utilizes the acquisition method of accounting under ASC 805, for all transactions and events in which it obtains control over one or more other businesses (even if less than 100% ownership is acquired), to recognize the fair value of all assets and liabilities assumed and to establish the acquisition date fair value as of the measurement date. While the Company uses its best estimates and assumptions as part of the purchase price allocation process to accurately value assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date, the estimates and assumptions are inherently uncertain and subject to refinement. As a result, during the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, the Company records adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with the corresponding offset to goodwill. For changes in the valuation of intangible assets between the preliminary and final purchase price allocation, the related amortization is adjusted in the period it occurs. Subsequent to the measurement period, any adjustment to assets acquired or liabilities assumed is included in operating results in the period in which the adjustment is determined. Transaction expenses that are incurred in connection with a business combination, other than costs associated with the issuance of debt or equity securities, are expensed as incurred. Revenue Recognition The Company’s revenues from contracts with customers are from offerings including artificial intelligence and machine learning, data science, advanced analytics, offensive and defensive cyber, data management, cloud solutions, digital engineering, and systems integration, primarily with the U.S. Government and its agencies. The Company also serves various commercial customers. The Company organizes its solutions into three categories:
1. Observe–helps customers collect, normalize and curate data from a variety of sources in real-time.
2. Orient–uses low code, composable, distributed, and event-driven predictive analytics to uncover hidden items in raw data and make sense of incomplete data.
3. Dominate–helps customers turn data into insights by recommending and evaluating multiple courses of action through data visualization and descriptive analytics. Each of the Company’s solutions can be sold individually or combined and sold together. Regardless of whether a customer is procuring only one of the Company’s solutions or a combination of solutions, the Company’s contracts generally include a significant service of integrating the solutions with the Company’s customer’s existing solutions and information systems. After the Company implements the solutions, the Company may also enter into contracts with the customers to further refine or customize these solutions to either enhance the functionality or adjust for changes in the customer’s requirements. These post-implementation service contracts are generally performed on a time-and-materials The Company accounts for a contract when it has approval and commitment from both parties, the rights of the parties are identified, payment terms are identified, the contract has commercial substance and collectability of consideration is probable. The Company performs under various types of contracts, which generally include firm-fixed-price (“FFP”) and time-and-materials Under fixed-price contracts, the Company agrees to perform the specified work for a pre-determined pre-determined The Company assesses each contract at its inception to determine whether it should be combined with other contracts. When making this determination, the Company considers factors such as whether two or more contracts were negotiated and executed at or near the same time or were negotiated with an overall profit objective. If combined, the Company treats the combined contracts as one single contract for revenue recognition purposes. The Company generally uses internally developed and third-party applications, which the Company integrates, when implementing solutions to meet specific customer requirements. The Company evaluates the solutions or services promised in each contract at inception to determine whether the contract should be accounted for as having one or more performance obligations. Each of the Company’s solutions is capable of being distinct as the customer can benefit from each individual solution on its own or with other resources that are readily available. When customer contracts include a significant service of integrating the solutions to provide a set of integrated or highly interrelated tasks, the Company accounts for these arrangements as a single performance obligation. While the contracts provide customers access to the Company’s solutions, the contracts generally do not contain separate licensing provisions for independent use of the underlying internally developed software. Additionally, these components are highly interdependent and highly interrelated into the solutions delivered to the Company’s customers. Therefore, these components are not capable of being distinct and are not separately identifiable from the other promises in the contract. In cases where customer contracts have an explicit licensing provision to the underlying software, such software is generally accounted for as a separate performance obligation. The Company determines the transaction price for each contract based on the consideration the Company expects to receive for the solutions or services being provided under the contract. For contracts where a portion of the price may vary, the Company estimates variable consideration at the most likely amount, which is included in the transaction price to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur. The Company analyzes the risk of a significant revenue reversal and if necessary, constrains the amount of variable consideration recognized in order to mitigate this risk. At the inception of a contract, the Company estimates the transaction price based on its current rights and does not contemplate future modifications (including unexercised options) or follow-on For contracts with multiple performance obligations, the Company allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation based on the estimated standalone selling price of the solution or service underlying each performance obligation. The standalone selling price represents the amount for which the Company would sell the solution or service to a customer on a standalone basis (i.e., not bundled with any other solutions or services). The Company’s contracts with the U.S. government are subject to the Federal Acquisition Regulation (“FAR”) and priced on estimated or actual costs of providing the goods or services. The FAR provides guidance on types of costs that are allowable in establishing prices for goods and services provided to the U.S. government and its agencies. Each contract is competitively priced and bid separately. Pricing for non-U.S. The Company recognizes revenue as performance obligations are satisfied and the customer obtains control of the solutions and services. In determining when performance obligations are satisfied, the Company considers factors such as contract terms, payment terms and whether there is an alternative future use of the solution or service. Substantially all of the Company’s revenue is recognized over time as the Company performs under the contract because control of the work in process transfers continuously to the customer. For most contracts with the U.S. Government, this continuous transfer of control of the work in process to the customer is supported by clauses in the contract that give the customer ownership of work in process and allow the customer to unilaterally terminate the contract for convenience and pay the Company for costs incurred plus a reasonable profit. For most non-U.S. non-performance, For performance obligations to deliver solutions with continuous transfer of control to the customer, revenue is recognized based on the extent of progress towards completion of the performance obligation, generally using the percentage-of-completion cost-to-cost percentage-of-completion cost-to-cost For arrangements with the U.S. Government, the Company generally does not begin work on contracts until funding is appropriated by the customer. Billing timetables and payment terms on the Company’s contracts vary based on a number of factors, including the contract type. CPFF and T&M contracts are generally billed on a monthly basis. FFP contracts are generally billed based on milestones, which are the achievement of specific events as defined in the contract. Amounts billed and due from customers are classified as receivables on the combined balance sheets. On some contracts, the Company may be entitled to receive an advance payment, which is not considered a significant financing component because it is used to facilitate inventory demands at the onset of a contract and to safeguard the Company from the failure of the other party to abide by some or all of their obligations under the contract. In some cases where a portion of payment retained by the customer is not considered a significant financing component; the Company expects, at contract inception, that the lag period between the transfer of a promised good or service to a customer and when the customer pays for that good or service will not constitute a significant financing component. Sale of Products Revenue from sale of products to customers purchased from third parties is recognized at a point in time when control has transferred to the customer. Control is transferred to the customer upon customer acceptance or receipt of the product. At this point in time, the Company has a present right to payment, and the customer has legal title and physical possession of the product as well as the risks and rewards of ownership. Contract Balances Contract balances result from the timing of revenue recognized, billings and cash collections, and the generation of contract assets and liabilities. Contract assets represent revenue recognized in excess of amounts invoiced to the customer and the right to payment is not subject to the passage of time. Contract liabilities consist of billings in excess of revenues and customer advances. Billings in excess of revenues represents milestone billing contracts where the billings of the contract exceed recognized revenues Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents are comprised of cash on hand, cash balances with banks and similar institutions and all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased. Restricted Cash The Company’s restricted cash consists of cash deposited into escrow accounts reflecting the full obligation to certain investors related to the FPAs. The funds held in the escrow accounts will not be available to the Company for three months following the consummation of the Merger unless and until any of the Investors sell these shares in the market or the investors redeem their shares under FPAs by March 7, 2022. Notwithstanding the sale of shares by any FPA investors, the restricted cash will be used to settle any of the Company’s repurchase obligations arising as a result of a FPA investor requiring the Company to repurchase its shares. The Company settled its obligations under the FPAs subsequent to December 31, 2021. See “Note V — Subsequent Events” for additional information. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are the long-lived, physical assets of the Company acquired for use in the Company’s normal business operations and not intended for resale by the Company. These assets are recorded at cost. Renewals and betterments that increase the useful lives of the assets are capitalized. Repair and maintenance expenditures that increase the efficiency of the assets are expensed as incurred. Assets under capital leases are recorded at the present value of the minimum lease payments required during the lease period. Depreciation is based on the estimated useful lives of the assets using the straight-line method and is included in selling, general and administrative or cost of revenues based upon the asset. Expected useful lives are reviewed at least annually. Estimated useful lives are as follows:
Property and equipment Estimate useful
Computer equipment 3
Furniture and fixtures 7
Laboratory equipment 5-10
Software 3-5
Leasehold improvements 5 or lease term As assets are retired or sold, the related cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is included in the results of operations. The Company regularly evaluates its property and equipment for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or asset group may not be recoverable, in accordance with ASC 360, Property, Plant, and Equipment Finite-lived Intangible Assets Finite-lived intangible assets result from the Company’s various business combinations and consist of identifiable finite-lived intangible assets, including technology and customer relationships. These finite-lived intangible assets are reported at cost, net of accumulated amortization, and are either amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives or over the period the economic benefits of the intangible asset are consumed. The Company regularly evaluates its intangible assets other than goodwill for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or asset group may not be recoverable, in accordance with ASC 350, Intangibles–Goodwill and Other Leases In accordance with ASC 840, Leases ASC 840 minimum non-contingent rent Warrants As part of GigCapital4’s Initial Public Offering, public and private warrants were issued, which were assumed by BigBear.ai upon consummation of the Merger. Warrants are accounted for in accordance with the guidance of ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging ASC 815 Written Put Option The Written Put Option is a liability under ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity Fair Value of Financial Instruments The Company measures certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value. ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement and Disclosures (“ASC 820”) Level 1—Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets; Level 2—Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets; and Level 3—Valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable. These inputs are based on Company’s own assumptions about current market conditions and require significant management judgement or estimation. Financial instruments consist of cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued liabilities, private warrants, written put options, and debt. Cash equivalents are stated at fair value on a recurring basis. Accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities are stated at their carrying value, which approximates fair value due to the short time to the expected receipt of payment date. Private warrants and written put options are marked to fair value on a periodic basis. Income Taxes The Company estimates its current tax expense together with assessing temporary differences resulting from differing treatment of items not currently deductible for tax purposes. These differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets, which are estimated based upon the difference between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities using the enacted tax rates that will be in effect when these differences reverse. In general, deferred tax assets represent future tax benefits to be received when certain expenses previously recognized in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations become deductible expenses under applicable income tax laws or loss or credit carry forwards are utilized. Accordingly, the realization of the Company’s deferred tax assets are dependent on future taxable income against which these deductions, losses, and credits can be utilized. The Company evaluates the realizability of its deferred tax assets and recognizes a valuation allowance when it is more likely than not that a future benefit on such deferred tax assets will not be realized. Changes in the valuation allowance, when recorded, would be included in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. Management’s judgment is required in determining the Company’s valuation allowance recorded against its net deferred tax assets. The Company recognizes the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such positions are then measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon settlement. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in its provision (benefit) for income taxes. As of December 31, 2021, there were no accruals for uncertain tax positions. Concentration of Credit Risk Financial instruments that potentially expose the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, certificates of deposit, and accounts receivable. The Company places its cash and cash equivalents with financial institutions of high credit quality. At times, such amounts may exceed federally insured limits. Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash on deposit or invested with financial and lending institutions was $169,921 and $9,704, as of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. The Company provides credit to customers in the normal course of business. The carrying amount of current accounts receivable is stated at cost, net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition and limits the amount of credit extended when deemed necessary. The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts to provide for the estimated amount of accounts receivable that will not be fully collected. The allowance is based on the assessment of the following factors: customer creditworthiness, historical payment experience, and age of outstanding accounts receivable and any applicable collateral. Segment Information Operating segments are defined as components of an entity for which separate financial information is available and that is regularly reviewed by the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The Company’s CODM is its Chief Executive Officer. The Company has determined that it operates in two operating and reportable segments, Cyber & Engineering and Analytics, as the CODM reviews financial information presented for both segments on a disaggregated basis for purposes of making operating decisions, allocating resources, and evaluating financial performance. Cyber & Engineering The Cyber & Engineering segment provides high-end Analytics The Analytics segment provides high-end The Predecessor operated as a single reportable operating segment of Cyber & Engineering. Goodwill Goodwill is the amount by which the purchase price exceeded the fair value of the net identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination on the date of acquisition. Goodwill is assessed for impairment at least annually as of October 1, on a reporting unit basis, or when events and circumstances occur indicating that the recorded goodwill may be impaired. The Company assesses impairment first on a qualitative basis to determine if a quantitative assessment is necessary. In circumstances where the qualitative analysis indicates that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit does not exceed its carrying value, the Company performs a quantitative impairment test by which the goodwill impairment loss is measured as the amount by which a reporting unit’s carrying amount exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill. All indefinite-lived assets are reviewed for impairment annually, and as necessary if indicators of impairment are present. Internal-Use Software Costs incurred in developing internal-use Equity-based Compensation Pursuant to ASC 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation recognizes equity-based compensation cost on a straight-line basis over the vesting period of the award. For equity classified equity-based awards with performance conditions, the Company recognizes equity-based compensation cost using the accelerated attribution method over the requisite service period when the Company determines it is probable that the performance condition will be satisfied. The Company recognizes forfeitures of equity-based awards in the period they occur. Research and Development Costs Research and development costs are primarily made up of labor charges, prototype material, and development expenses. Research and development costs are expensed in the period incurred. Advertising Costs All advertising, promotional and marketing costs are expensed when incurred and are included in selling, general and administrative expenses within the consolidated statements of operations. The table below presents advertising costs for the following periods:
Successor Predecessor
Year Ended December 31, Period from May 22, 2020 December 31, 2020 Period from Year Ended December 31, 2019
Advertising Costs $ 763 $ 35 $ 57 $ 42
Net Income (Loss) per Share Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss applicable to stockholders by the weighted average number of shares outstanding for the period. Diluted net loss per share assumes conversion of potentially dilutive shares, such as stock options. The Company’s consolidated statements of operations include a presentation of net income (loss) per share for the Successor 2021 Period and Successor 2020 Period. Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements The FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-02, Leases ASC 842 ASU 2016-02 2016-02 right-of-use In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments–Credit Losses ( ASC 326 ) ASU 2016-13 2016-13, 2016-13. 2016-13 2016-13 In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-08, Business Combinations ASC 805 Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers ASU 2021-08 No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers ASC 606 2021-08 2021-08 2021-08 Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) 815-40): ASU 2020-06 2020-06 2020-06 |
