| (a) | Amount beneficially owned:
(i) Immediately following the execution of the Securities Purchase Agreement with the Issuer on January 28, 2025 (the "SPA") (as disclosed in the Form 8-K filed by the Issuer with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 30, 2025), each of the Reporting Persons may have been deemed to have beneficial ownership of 254,653 shares of Common Stock to be issued to Intracoastal at the closing of the transaction contemplated by the SPA, and all such shares of Common Stock represent beneficial ownership of approximately 5.5% of the Common Stock, based on (1) 4,396,315 shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately prior to the execution of the SPA, as reported to the Reporting Persons by the Issuer, plus (2) 254,653 shares of Common Stock to be issued to Intracoastal at the closing of the transaction contemplated by the SPA. The foregoing excludes (I) 509,306 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of a warrant to be issued to Intracoastal at the closing of the transaction contemplated by the SPA ("Intracoastal Warrant 1") because Intracoastal Warrant 1 contains a blocker provision under which the holder thereof does not have the right to exercise Intracoastal Warrant 1 to the extent (but only to the extent) that such exercise would result in beneficial ownership by the holder thereof, together with the holder's affiliates, and any other persons acting as a group together with the holder or any of the holder's affiliates, of more than 4.99% of the Common Stock, (II) 833 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of a warrant held by Intracoastal ("Intracoastal Warrant 2") because Intracoastal Warrant 2 contains a blocker provision under which the holder thereof does not have the right to exercise Intracoastal Warrant 2 to the extent (but only to the extent) that such exercise would result in beneficial ownership by the holder thereof, together with the holder's affiliates, and any other persons acting as a group together with the holder or any of the holder's affiliates, of more than 4.99% of the Common Stock, (III) 833 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of a second warrant held by Intracoastal ("Intracoastal Warrant 3") because Intracoastal Warrant 3 contains a blocker provision under which the holder thereof does not have the right to exercise Intracoastal Warrant 3 to the extent (but only to the extent) that such exercise would result in beneficial ownership by the holder thereof, together with the holder's affiliates, and any other persons acting as a group together with the holder or any of the holder's affiliates, of more than 4.99% of the Common Stock and (IV) 833 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of a third warrant held by Intracoastal ("Intracoastal Warrant 4") because Intracoastal Warrant 4 contains a blocker provision under which the holder thereof does not have the right to exercise Intracoastal Warrant 4 to the extent (but only to the extent) that such exercise would result in beneficial ownership by the holder thereof, together with the holder's affiliates, and any other persons acting as a group together with the holder or any of the holder's affiliates, of more than 4.99% of the Common Stock. Without such blocker provisions, each of the Reporting Persons may have been deemed to have beneficial ownership of 766,458 shares of Common Stock.
(ii) As of the close of business on February 3, 2025, each of the Reporting Persons may have been deemed to have beneficial ownership of 284,550 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of Intracoastal Warrant 1, and all such shares of Common Stock represented beneficial ownership of approximately 4.99% of the Common Stock, based on (1) 4,396,315 shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately prior to the execution of the SPA, as reported to the Reporting Persons by the Issuer, plus (2) 1,021,549 shares of Common Stock in the aggregate issued at the closing of transaction contemplated by the SPA and (3) 284,550 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of Intracoastal Warrant 1. The foregoing excludes (I) 224,756 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise Intracoastal Warrant 1 because Intracoastal Warrant 1 contains a blocker provision under which the holder thereof does not have the right to exercise Intracoastal Warrant 1 to the extent (but only to the extent) that such exercise would result in beneficial ownership by the holder thereof, together with the holder's affiliates, and any other persons acting as a group together with the holder or any of the holder's affiliates, of more than 4.99% of the Common Stock, (II) 833 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of Intracoastal Warrant 2 because Intracoastal Warrant 2 contains a blocker provision under which the holder thereof does not have the right to exercise Intracoastal Warrant 2 to the extent (but only to the extent) that such exercise would result in beneficial ownership by the holder thereof, together with the holder's affiliates, and any other persons acting as a group together with the holder or any of the holder's affiliates, of more than 4.99% of the Common Stock, (III) 833 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of Intracoastal Warrant 3 because Intracoastal Warrant 3 contains a blocker provision under which the holder thereof does not have the right to exercise Intracoastal Warrant 3 to the extent (but only to the extent) that such exercise would result in beneficial ownership by the holder thereof, together with the holder's affiliates, and any other persons acting as a group together with the holder or any of the holder's affiliates, of more than 4.99% of the Common Stock and (IV) 833 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of Intracoastal Warrant 4 because Intracoastal Warrant 4 contains a blocker provision under which the holder thereof does not have the right to exercise Intracoastal Warrant 4 to the extent (but only to the extent) that such exercise would result in beneficial ownership by the holder thereof, together with the holder's affiliates, and any other persons acting as a group together with the holder or any of the holder's affiliates, of more than 4.99% of the Common Stock. Without such blocker provisions, each of the Reporting Persons may have been deemed to have beneficial ownership of 511,805 shares of Common Stock. |
Rule
13d-1(b) 
Rule
13d-1(c)