SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Basis of presentation The accompanying unaudited condensed interim consolidated financial statements reflect all normal and recurring adjustments that are, in the opinion of management, necessary to present a fair statement of the Company’s consolidated financial position as of March 31, 2024, and the results of operations for the three- and nine-month periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary in order to make the financial statements not misleading have been included. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The unaudited condensed interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) and accordingly do not include all of the disclosures normally made in the Company’s annual consolidated financial statements. Accordingly, these unaudited condensed interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K. The accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2023 has been derived from the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements included in such Annual Report. The results of operations for the three- and nine-month periods ended March 31, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that may be expected for any other interim periods or for the year ending June 30, 2024. Use of estimates The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates include allowance for credit losses, inventory reserve, deferred tax asset reserve, the useful lives of property, plant and equipment, incremental borrowing rate for operating leases and fair value of certain share based payment awards. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Allowance for credit losses The Company adopted Accounting Standards Update 2016-13 “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” on July 1, 2023, under the modified retrospective method of adoption. The Company estimates its allowance for current expected credit losses based on an expected loss model, compared to prior periods which were estimated using an incurred loss model which did not require the consideration of forward-looking economic variables and conditions in the reserve calculation across the portfolio. The impact related to adopting the new standard was not material. Based on the current expected credit loss model, the Company consider many factors, including age of balance, past events, any historical default, current information available about the customers, current economic conditions and certain forward-looking information, including reasonable and supportable forecasts. Concentration of credit risk Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to a concentration of credit risk consist of cash, accounts receivable and investment - other. The Company maintains its cash in financial institutions. To the extent that such deposits exceed the maximum insurance levels, they are uninsured. On June 30, 2023, amounts due from two customers totaled approximately 11% and 11% respectively, of accounts receivable. On March 31, 2024, accounts receivable from two customers totaled approximately 11% and 10%. Inventories Inventories mainly consist of finished goods purchased from suppliers. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The cost of an inventory item is determined using the weighted average method. When management determines that certain inventories may not be saleable, or there is an indicator that certain inventory costs may exceed expected market value, the Company will record the difference between the cost and the net realizable value as a write down of inventories. The net realizable value is determined based on the estimated selling price, in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs necessary to make the sale. The Company records an allowance for slow moving and potentially obsolete inventory based upon recent sales history, the quantity of inventory on-hand, and an estimate of expected sellable life of the inventory. The Company periodically reviews inventory to identify slow moving inventories and compares the forecast sales with the quantities and expected sellable life of inventory. Any inventories identified during this process are reserved for at rates based upon management’s judgment and historical rates. The quantity thresholds and reserve rates are based on management’s judgment and knowledge of current and projected demand. The reserve estimates may, therefore, be revised if there are changes in the overall market for the Company’s products or market changes that in management’s judgment, impact its ability to sell potentially obsolete inventory. For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2024, the Company recorded inventory reserve of $0 and $38,133, respectively. For the nine months ended March 31, 2023 and 2024, the Company recorded inventory reserve of $0 and $168,585, respectively. Property, plant and equipment, net Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and depreciated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets from the time the assets are placed in service. Cost represents the purchase price of the asset and other costs incurred to bring the asset into its existing use. The cost of repairs and maintenance is expensed as incurred; major replacements and improvements are capitalized. When assets are retired or disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts, and any resulting gains or losses are included in income/loss in the year of disposition. Estimated useful lives are as follows: Estimated Useful Life Office and other equipment 3 - 5 years Furniture & fixtures 7 years Leasehold improvements Shorter of the term of the lease or Long term investment Long term investment consist of equity investments in a privately held company that the Company does not have control or significant influence over it. These equity investments do not have readily determinable fair values and are primarily accounted for under the measurement alternative. Under the measurement alternative, the carrying value is measured at cost, less any impairment, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for identical or similar investments of the same issuer Leases The Company determines whether an arrangement contains a lease at the inception of the arrangement. If a lease is determined to exist, the term of such lease is assessed based on the date on which the underlying asset is made available for the Company’s use by the lessor. The Company’s assessment of the lease term reflects any rent-free periods. The Company also determines lease classification as either operating or finance at lease commencement, which governs the pattern of expense recognition and the presentation reflected in the consolidated statements of operations over the lease term. For leases with a term exceeding 12 months, an operating lease liability is recorded on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet at lease commencement reflecting the present value of its fixed minimum payment obligations over the lease term. A corresponding operating lease right-of-use asset equal to the initial lease liability is also recorded, adjusted for any prepaid rent and/or initial direct costs incurred in connection with execution of the lease and reduced by any lease incentives received. For purposes of measuring the present value of its fixed payment obligations for a given lease, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate, determined based on information available at lease commencement, as rates implicit in its leasing arrangements are typically not readily determinable. The Company’s incremental borrowing rate reflects the rate it would pay to borrow on a secured basis and incorporates the term and economic environment of the associated lease. For the Company’s operating leases, fixed lease payments are recognized as lease expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. For leases with a term of 12 months or less, any fixed lease payments are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term and are not recognized on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as an accounting policy election. Leases qualifying for the short-term lease exception were insignificant. Investment - other The investment represents a certificate of deposit that the Company holds in HSBC bank. The entire balance of the investment presented on the balance sheet as of June 30, 2023 was $9,133,707 and it matured on February 8, 2024. Intangible assets Intangible assets refer to capitalized external costs, such as filing fees and associated attorney fees, incurred to obtain issued patents and patent license rights. All patents are internally generated. The Company expenses costs associated with maintaining patents subsequent to their issuance in the period incurred. Capitalized patent costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over estimated useful lives of 15 - 20 years, which are based on the length of the license agreements as the Company expects to receive economic benefits over that time. The Company assesses the potential impairment to capitalized patent costs when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of our patent portfolio may not be recoverable. $247,702 and $979,295 of patent fees were capitalized during the three and nine months ended March 31, 2024. The amortization of the intangible assets was $0 and $9,755 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2024 respectively. The amortization of the intangible assets was $0 and $11,262 for the nine months ended March 31, 2023 and 2024 respectively. The amortization expenses were included in the general and administrative expenses. Revenue recognition The Company sells its vaping products to customers and recognizes revenue in accordance with the guidance of ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Many customers are distributors that resell the Company’s products in various geographic regions. The performance obligations are for the Company to transfer the title and control of the goods to a customer for a determined price. Each order is considered a separate contract with single performance obligation. Revenue is recognized when control of goods has transferred to customers. For the majority of the Company’s customer arrangements, control transfers to customers at a point-in-time when goods have been delivered to the pickup location specified by the customer or a forwarder appointed by the customer, as that is generally when legal title, physical possession and risks and rewards of goods transfer to the customer. Revenue is recognized at the transaction price based on the purchase order as adjusted for the anticipated rebates, discounts and other sales incentives. When determining the transaction price, management estimates variable consideration applying the portfolio approach practical expedient under ASC 606. The main sources of variable consideration for the Company are trade promotion funds, and cash discounts. These sales incentives are recorded as a reduction of revenue at the time of the initial sale using the most-likely amount estimation method. The most-likely amount method is based on the single most likely outcome from a range of possible consideration outcomes. The range of possible consideration outcomes is primarily derived from the following inputs: sales terms and historical experience. The Company offers different payment terms to different customers. For tobacco vaping products, the general payment term is a deposit of 30% of sales amount upon placing order, and the payment of the remaining 70% to be made before shipment. For cannabis vaping products, a tailored payment term is designed for each customer, based on the business relationship, order size and other considerations. All contract liabilities at the beginning of the period were recognized as revenues in the reporting period. The Company offers a thirty-day warranty. The warranty is an assurance-type warranty, and it offers replacement of products in case the products sold do not function as expected. In certain sales contracts, a right of return is offered. With a right of return, a customer is given the right to return the products if they are not satisfied with the product, and a credit would be given. The Company has a very low rate of return in history and a return reserve is accrued based on historical return rate and the management’s judgement. The Company has minimal incremental costs of obtaining a contract and are expensed when incurred. Sales taxes, which are sales and use or other similar taxes collected from the customer and remitted to the applicable taxing authority by the Company in accordance with applicable law, are excluded from revenue. Disaggregated Revenue The Company has taken into consideration the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows, and has determined to disaggregate its net sales of tobacco vaping products and cannabis vaping products. The net sales disaggregated by products for the three- and nine-month periods ended March 31, 2023 and 2024, were as follows: Three months ended Nine months ended Net sales by product 2023 2024 2023 2024 Tobacco vaping products $ 16,546,587 $ 18,082,617 $ 59,555,046 $ 65,748,881 Cannabis vaping products 7,589,710 11,932,419 23,421,700 48,816,363 Total $ 24,136,297 $ 30,015,036 $ 82,976,746 $ 114,565,244 Cost of revenue Cost of revenue for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2023 and 2024, consisted primarily of the cost of purchasing vaping products, which were mostly purchased from a related party. See Note 11. Shipping and handling costs Shipping and handling costs for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2024 are $58,313 and $54,521, respectively. Shipping and handling costs for the nine months ended March 31, 2023 and 2024 are $231,691 and $221,273, respectively. They are included in the cost of revenue. Research and development expenses Research and development expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2024 were $42,449 and $163,764, respectively. Research and development expenses for the nine months ended March 31, 2023 and 2024 were $112,527 and $793,103, respectively. Such expenses were included in the general and administrative expenses. Stock-based compensation The Company measures and recognizes compensation expenses for stock-based payment awards, including stock options, restricted stock granted to directors and advisors, and restricted stock units (“RSUs”) granted to employees, based on the grant date fair value of the awards. The Company engages a third-party valuer to determine fair value of stock options using the binomial option pricing model. The fair value of RSUs is measured on the grant date based on the closing market price of the Company’s common stock. The resulting cost is recognized over the period during which an employee is required to provide service in exchange for the awards, usually the vesting period, which is generally four years for stock options and three years for RSUs. Stock-based compensation is recognized on a straight-line basis over the period during which services are provided in exchange for the award. Stock-based compensation expense is recorded in the general and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company recognizes forfeitures of stock-based payment awards upon occurrence. Income taxes The Company accounts for income taxes under ASC 740, Income taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the consolidated financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period including the enactment date. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. The provisions of ASC 740-10 prescribe a more-likely-than-not threshold for consolidated financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken (or expected to be taken) in a tax return. This interpretation also provides guidance on the recognition of income tax assets and liabilities, classification of current and deferred income tax assets and liabilities, accounting for interest and penalties associated with tax positions, and related disclosures. The Company classifies the interest and penalties, if any, as a component of income tax expense. For three and nine months ended March 31, 2023 and 2024, the Company did not incur any interest or penalties related to an uncertain tax position. The Company does not believe that there were any uncertain tax positions as of June 30, 2023, and March 31, 2024. Earnings per share The Company computes earnings per share (“EPS”) in accordance with ASC 260, Earnings per Share. ASC 260 requires companies with complex capital structures to present basic and diluted EPS. Basic EPS is measured as net loss divided by the weighted average common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS is similar to basic EPS but presents the dilutive effect on a per share basis of potential common shares (for example, convertible securities, options and warrants) as if they had been converted at the beginning of the periods presented, or issuance date, if later. Stock options, warrants and unvested restricted stock units, altogether 3,563,002 potentially dilutive shares, could potentially dilute basic EPS in the future that were not included in the computation of diluted EPS because to do so would have been antidilutive for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2023 and 2024. The following table presents a reconciliation of basic net loss per share: Three months ended Nine months ended 2023 2024 2023 2024 Net loss $ (2,334,223 ) $ (5,949,751 ) $ (4,512,513 ) $ (11,346,690 ) Weighted average basic and diluted share of common stock outstanding 50,000,000 54,347,729 50,000,000 54,287,624 Net loss per basic and diluted share of common stock $ (0.05 ) $ (0.11 ) $ (0.09 ) $ (0.21 ) Segment reporting The Company uses the management approach to determine operating segments. The management approach considers the internal organization and reporting used by the Company’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) for making decisions, allocating resources, and assessing performance. The Company’s CODM has been identified as the chief executive officer, who reviews consolidated results when making decisions about allocating resources and assessing the performance of the Company. The Company’s CODM reviews the consolidated financial results when making decisions about allocating resources and assessing the performance of the Company as a whole and has determined that the Company has only one reportable segment. Notwithstanding that the Company has customers located around the world and the Company’s Hong Kong subsidiary serves as one of the sales and marketing centers, the Company’s long-lived assets and management are located substantially in the U.S. and management operates its business as a single segment. Recent accounting pronouncements As an emerging growth company, the Company can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. The Company intends to take advantage of the benefits of this extended transition period. In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280), Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. The new guidance requires enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. The Company is required to adopt this guidance for its annual reporting in fiscal year 2025 and for interim period reporting beginning the first quarter of fiscal year 2026 on a retrospective basis. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this ASU on our segment disclosures. In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740), Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. ASU 2023-09 requires disaggregated information about a reporting entity’s effective tax rate reconciliation as well as additional information on income taxes paid. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024 on a prospective basis. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this ASU on its consolidated financial statements. Customer and Supplier Concentration (a) Customers For the three and nine months ended March 31, 2023 and 2024, the Company’s major customers, who accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s consolidated revenue, were as follows: Three months ended Nine months ended 2023 2024 2023 2024 Major Customers Customer A 31 % 31 % 34 % 31 % Customer B 12 % * * * * Represented less than 10% of consolidated revenue. (b) Suppliers For the three and nine months ended March 31, 2023 and 2024, the Company’s suppliers, who accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s total purchases, were as follows: Three months ended Nine months ended 2023 2024 2023 2024 Major Suppliers Supplier A 100 % 95 % 100 % 77 % (1) Major supplier A is Shenzhen Yi Jia, a Chinese company that is 95% owned by the Company’s co-chief executive officer and principal stockholder. See Note 13. |